Photo from Unsplash

Originally Posted On: https://www.cliffsfire.com/how-does-a-fire-sprinkler-system-work/

Fire Sprinkler Systems Basics

Fire sprinkler systems are essential for protecting buildings and property from the rapid spread of fire. These systems are designed to detect heat, activate the sprinklers, and suppress the fire before it can cause significant damage. Understanding how they function can help property owners understand their importance and ensure they are properly maintained.

Fire Sprinkler System Components

A fire sprinkler system has various systems and circuits that form a chain reaction to detect and extinguish fires. A fire sprinkler system is complex with numerous systems and circuits that work like small veins to identify fires.

• Fire Sprinkler Heads: Everyone has seen these. They are the portion of the installed fire sprinklers that is most known to the public. The sprinkler head contains an element that is sensitive to heat. When the element reaches a certain temperature threshold it causes each sprinkler to go off. There are many kinds of heads tailored to various applications such as pendent, upright, and sidewall heads.
• Piping Systems: Consists of a network of pipes that bring water to the sprinkler heads. Pipes are typically steel or CPVC and arranged in a grid pattern to cover the building. The piping system is usually kept under pressure to ensure a quick response in case of a fire.
• Control Valves: These valves distribute the water to the system. The main control valve is usually located near the water supply inlet and should always be left open to keep the system operational. There are sectional control valves that enable testing without taking down the entire network.
• Alarm Systems: Fire alarm systems alert building occupants and emergency responders. The alarm system is connected to the fire sprinkler system which may include both audible and visual alarms to ensure everyone in the building is aware of the fire and can evacuate safely.

The Activation Process

The following steps must be undergone during the activation process so that the fire may be extinguished effectively.

• Heat detection: Each sprinkler head has a heat-sensitive element. These elements include a glass bulb of glycerin-based liquid or a fusible metal link. When the heat around the sprinklers is between 135°F and 165°F, the heat-sensitive elements burst or melt releasing the sprinkler elements.
• Water release: When the sprinkler head opens it triggers water to flow through the system and out of the sprinkler heads. The water is distributed in a spray pattern aimed directly at the area of the fire.
• Fire suppression: The water suppresses the fire reducing and cooling the flames with water mist, preventing the fire from spreading. This will save property and allow occupants to vacate the area to safety.

Types of Fire Sprinkler Systems

There are different types of fire suppression systems. Each type has its unique features and advantages:

• Wet Pipe Systems: These are the most common and hold water in the pipes at all times. When a sprinkler head is activated, a flow of water is immediately sent to the fire. Wet pipe systems are simple to maintain. They are reliable and are suitable for most buildings.
• Dry Pipe Systems: Instead of water these systems are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen. When a sprinkler head is activated, air is released, and water flows into the pipes and out of the sprinkler heads. These systems are perfect for environments where freezing temperatures are an issue, such as outdoor areas.
• Pre-Action Systems: These systems need two steps before water is dispersed. Detection systems such as smoke detectors must identify a fire and generate a signal to open a pre-action valve. The heat from the fire must then trigger the sprinkler heads. This dual-trigger mechanism helps prevent accidental discharge and is commonly used in areas with sensitive equipment, like data centers and museums.
• Deluge Systems: Deluge systems, which have open sprinkler heads, are connected to a water supply line to which a deluge valve is linked. When the fire detection system triggers the valve, water is released from all sprinkler heads at the same time. Deluge systems are used in high-hazard areas such as chemical storage facilities or aircraft hangars.

Advantages of Fire Sprinkler Systems

Fire sprinkler systems offer many benefits, including:

• Life Safety: They provide an immediate response to fires, helping to protect occupants. Quickly activating the sprinkler systems reduces the risk of injury or death from smoke inhalation and burns.
• Property Protection: By suppressing fires early, they reduce property damage. By limiting the spread of fire and smoke, installed fire protection systems minimize fire hazards and damage to the building structure and contents.
• Insurance Discounts: Many insurance companies provide discounts to a commercial business with fire sprinkler systems. A fire sprinkler system can help decrease your insurance premiums leading to cost savings overall.
• Compliance: Sprinkler systems help meet local fire safety regulations and codes. Fire sprinkler systems are subject to regional laws requiring them in various types of buildings, such as high-rises and hospitals. Fire sprinklers can keep your business compliant, preventing fines or other legal challenges.

Fire Sprinkler System Maintenance

Establishing routine fire sprinkler maintenance will help ensure the dependability and performance of your fire safety equipment.

Maintenance activities include:

• Inspection: Regular inspections on a set schedule by a licensed fire protection company can catch problems early before they become issues. These inspections usually include examining the condition of sprinkler heads, piping, control valves, and alarm systems.
• Fire Protection Tests: Periodic testing of the system ensures all components are functioning correctly. This includes flow tests, alarm tests, and testing of individual sprinkler heads.
• Repairs: Prompt repairs are necessary if any part of the system is found to be defective or damaged. Sprinkler system repairs can include replacing sprinkler heads, repairing leaks, or fixing control valves.
• Upgrades: As technology advances and municipal fire codes change, it may be necessary to upgrade the fire sprinkler system. Upgrades can improve the system’s performance and meet compliance with the latest safety standards, including NFPA standards.

Fire Prevention in Roswell, GA

Ensuring fire safety in Roswell, GA, is a priority for residential and commercial property owners. Automatic fire sprinklers provide a reliable and effective solution for fire protection and peace of mind.
Our experienced technicians are dedicated to providing top-quality fire sprinkler system installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair service. Give us a call at 770-591-5271 to discuss your new sprinkler system needs in and around the Roswell area. Your safety is our top priority!

For the best fire sprinkler systems and the most reliable fire protection for both commercial and industrial property, owners in the City of Roswell look no further than Cliff’s Fire Extinguisher Company. Our actively licensed fire sprinkler company has been delivering quality cost-effective fire protection solutions in Roswell for over 40 years.