Capstone Turbine Corporation
The
information in this prospectus supplement is not complete and
may be changed. This prospectus supplement and all accompanying
prospectus relate to an effective registration statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not an offer
to sell these securities and are not soliciting an offer to buy
these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is
not permitted.
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Filed
Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration Statement
No. 333-128164
SUBJECT
TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 17, 2007
PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT
(To
Prospectus Dated September 14, 2005)
Shares
Warrants
to purchase
Shares
Common
Stock
We are offering up to
shares
of our common stock and warrants to purchase up to
shares
of our common stock. Purchasers will receive warrants to
purchase
shares
of common stock at an exercise price of
$ per share for each
share of common stock they purchase in this offering. Units will
not be issued or certificated. The shares of common stock and
the warrants are immediately separable and will be issued
separately.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the
symbol CPST. On January 16, 2007, the last
reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global
Market was $1.12 per share.
We have retained A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. as our
exclusive placement agent to use its best efforts to solicit
offers to purchase our securities in this offering. See
Plan of Distribution beginning on
page S-20
of this prospectus supplement for more information regarding
these arrangements.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk.
See Risk Factors beginning on
page S-4
of this prospectus supplement.
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Per Unit
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Total
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Public offering price
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$
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$
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Placement agents fees
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$
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$
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Proceeds, before expenses, to
Capstone Turbine Corporation
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$
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$
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The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any securities
pursuant to this prospectus supplement or the accompanying
prospectus, nor are we requiring any minimum purchase or sale of
any specific number of securities. Because there is no minimum
offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this
offering, the actual public offering amount, placement
agents fees and proceeds to us are not presently
determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum
amounts set forth above. We expect that delivery of the
securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement
will be made to purchasers on or about January
,
2007. Certain purchaser funds will be deposited into an escrow
account and held until jointly released by us and the placement
agent on the date the securities are to be delivered to the
purchasers. All funds received will be held in a non-interest
bearing account.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
A.G.
EDWARDS
The date of this prospectus supplement is
January , 2007.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Prospectus
Supplement
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Page
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S-ii
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S-1
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S-4
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S-14
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S-14
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S-15
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S-16
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S-18
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S-19
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S-19
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S-20
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Accompanying
Prospectus
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1
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1
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2
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3
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3
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WE MAY SELL
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4
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13
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You should rely only on the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized any other person
to provide you with any information that is different. If anyone
provides you with different or inconsistent information, you
should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted. The information contained in this prospectus
supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents
incorporated by reference therein is accurate only as of their
respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of
operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
S-i
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are
part of a registration statement that we filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a
shelf registration process. We are providing
information to you about this offering in two separate documents
that are combined together. The first document is the prospectus
supplement, which provides you with the specific details
regarding this offering, including the price, the amount of
common stock and warrants to purchase common stock being offered
and the risks of investing in our securities. The second
document is the accompanying prospectus, which provides you with
more general information, some of which may not apply to this
offering. Generally, when we refer to the prospectus, we are
referring to both documents combined. If information in this
prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying
prospectus or any of the documents incorporated by reference
into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus,
you should rely on this prospectus supplement. You should read
both this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus
together with the additional information described under the
heading Where You Can Find More Information.
S-ii
SUMMARY
Capstone
Turbine Corporation
We develop, manufacture, market and service microturbine
technology solutions for use in stationary distributed power
generation applications, including cogeneration (combined heat
and power (CHP) and combined cooling, heat and power
(CCHP)), resource recovery and secure power. In
addition, our microturbines can be used as generators for hybrid
electric vehicle applications. Microturbines allow customers to
produce power
on-site.
There are several technologies which are used to provide
on-site
power generation, also called distributed
generation, such as reciprocating engines, solar power,
wind powered systems and fuel cells. For customers who do not
have access to the electric utility grid, microturbines can
provide cleaner,
on-site
power with longer scheduled maintenance intervals and greater
fuel flexibility than competing technologies. For customers with
access to the electric grid, microturbines can provide an
additional source of continuous duty power, thereby providing
additional reliability and in some instances, cost savings. With
our stand-alone feature, customers can produce their own energy
in the event of a power outage and can use the microturbines as
their primary source of power for extended periods. Because our
microturbines also produce clean, usable heat energy, they can
provide economic advantages to customers who can benefit from
the use of hot water, air conditioning and direct hot air. Our
microturbines are sold primarily through our distributors and
dealers. We, along with our Authorized Service Companies
(ASCs), provide installation and service. Successful
implementation of the microturbine relies on the quality of the
microturbine, the ability to sell into appropriate applications,
and the quality of the installation and support.
We believe we were the first company to offer a commercially
available power source using microturbine technology. Our 30-
kilowatt (Model C30) and 60 and 65 kilowatt
(C60 Series) products are designed to produce
electricity for commercial and small industrial users. A Model
C30 product can produce enough electricity to power a small
convenience store. The C60 Series products can produce enough
heat to provide hot water to a 100-room hotel while also
providing about one-third of its electrical requirements. Our
microturbines combine patented air-bearing technology, advanced
combustion technology and sophisticated power electronics to
form efficient electricity and heat production systems. Because
of our air-bearing technology, our microturbines do not require
liquid lubricants. This means they do not require routine
maintenance to change oil or other lubrications, as do the most
common competing products. The Model C30 product can be fueled
by various sources including natural gas, propane, sour gas,
renewable fuels such as landfill or digester gas, kerosene and
diesel. The C60 Series products can be fueled by natural gas or
renewable fuels such as landfill or digester gas. The C60 Series
products are available with an integrated heat exchanger, making
it efficient to install in applications where hot water is used.
Our products produce exceptionally clean power. In terms of
nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, our microturbines
have been shown to consistently produce less NOx than
conventional reciprocating engines including those designed for
natural gas.
The market for our products is highly competitive and is
changing rapidly. Our microturbines compete with existing
technologies, such as the utility grid and reciprocating
engines, and may also compete with emerging distributed
generation technologies, including solar power, wind-powered
systems, fuel cells and other microturbines. Additionally, many
of our distributed generation competitors are well-established
firms that derive advantages from production economies of scale
and have a worldwide presence and greater resources, which they
can devote to product development or promotion.
We began commercial sales of our Model C30 products in 1998. In
2000, we shipped the first commercial unit of our Model C60
microturbine. At the end of our fiscal year ended March 31,
2006, we revisited our strategic plan. With the first two years
of the initial plan behind us, we reassessed our view of the
fiscal years ending March 31, 2007 and 2008, and added on
our expectations for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009.
While some aspects of the initial plan were modified, the
overall direction, targets and key initiatives remained intact.
We believe that execution in each of the key areas of our
strategic plan will be necessary to continue Capstones
transition from a research and development focused company with
a promising technology and early market leadership to achieving
positive cash flow with growing market presence and improving
financial performance.
S-1
Recent
Developments
We expect our revenue for the third quarter ended
December 31, 2006 to be approximately $5.7 million.
This estimate reflects an increase of approximately 94% over the
revenue recorded for the previous quarter ended
September 30, 2006 of $2.9 million.
Additionally, we expect our cash and cash equivalents balance to
decrease by approximately $13.9 million from
September 30, 2006 to $25.5 million as of
December 31, 2006. This decrease in cash and cash
equivalents reflects the timing of cash receipts on the
increased revenue for the quarter and payments of our short-term
liabilities.
Our backlog is expected to improve by $1.3 million, or 19%,
to $8.1 million as of December 31, 2006 as compared to
$6.8 million as of September 30, 2006.
The information set forth above is estimated and is subject to
change. We are currently finalizing our financial statements for
the third quarter ended December 31, 2006. Complete results
for the third quarter ended December 31, 2006 will be
announced at the close of the market on Friday, February 9,
2007. Capstone also will hold a live conference call and webcast
on February 9, 2007 at 1:45 p.m. PST (4:45 p.m.
EST) to discuss the financial results and future plans and
prospects.
We have been in negotiations with CapGen CHP, Inc., an
independent dealer and consultant focusing on the New York
market (CapGen), to convert the existing dealer
arrangement to an original equipment manufacturing relationship.
The CapGen dealer agreement expired December 31, 2006.
Based on discussions to date, management believes that we have
an oral understanding with CapGen that will lead to an OEM
agreement. There can be no assurance that a definitive agreement
will be executed, and failure to enter into such an agreement
could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Capstone was incorporated in California in
1988. On June 22, 2000, we reincorporated as
a Delaware corporation. Our principal executive offices are
located 21211 Nordhoff Street, Chatsworth, California 91311. Our
telephone number is
(818) 734-5300.
Our Internet address is www.capstoneturbine.com. Information
contained on our website is not part of this prospectus
supplement.
The
Offering
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Issuer
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Capstone Turbine Corporation
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Common stock offered by us
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Up to
shares
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Warrants to purchase common stock offered by us
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Up to
warrants
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Common stock to be outstanding after the offering
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Up to
shares
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Use of proceeds
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We intend to use the net proceeds
from this offering for general corporate purposes, which may
include, but are not limited to, working capital and capital
expenditures. We do not have a current specific plan for use of
the proceeds, other than to fund operating losses. See Use
of Proceeds.
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Warrant terms
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The warrants will be exercisable
at a price of $ per
share of common stock
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Nasdaq Global Market symbol
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CPST
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S-2
Except as otherwise indicated herein, the information above and
elsewhere in this prospectus supplement regarding outstanding
shares of our common stock is based on 104,214,049 shares
of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2006, and
excludes the following shares of common stock:
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7,745,969 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise
of stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2006, with
a weighted-average exercise price of $2.32 per share;
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2,518,521 shares of common stock reserved for future awards
under our stock incentive plans and our employee stock purchase
plans as of September 30, 2006; and
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shares
of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants
issued hereunder.
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S-3
RISK
FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk.
You should consider carefully each of the following risks and
all other information contained or incorporated by reference in
this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus
before deciding to purchase our securities. If any of the risks
described below actually occur, our business, financial
condition and operating results could be adversely affected. As
a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline,
perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your
investment.
Our
operating history is characterized by net losses. We anticipate
further losses and we may never become profitable.
Since inception, we have incurred annual operating losses. We
expect this trend to continue until such time that we can sell a
sufficient number of units and achieve a cost structure to
become profitable. Our business is such that we have relatively
few customers and limited repeat business. As a result, we may
not maintain or increase net revenue. We may not have adequate
cash resources to reach the point of profitability, and we may
never become profitable. Even if we do achieve profitability, we
may be unable to increase our sales and sustain or increase our
profitability in the future.
A
sustainable market for microturbines may never develop or may
take longer to develop than we
anticipate, which would adversely affect our revenue and
profitability.
Our products represent an emerging market, and we do not know
whether our targeted customers will accept our technology or
will purchase our products in sufficient quantities to allow our
business to grow. To succeed, demand for our products must
increase significantly in existing markets, and there must be
strong demand for products that we introduce in the future. If a
sustainable market fails to develop or develops more slowly than
we anticipate, we may be unable to recover the losses we have
incurred to develop our products, we may have further impairment
of assets, and we may be unable to meet our operational
expenses. The development of a sustainable market for our
systems may be hindered by many factors, including some that are
out of our control. Examples include:
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consumer reluctance to try a new product;
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regulatory requirements;
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the cost competitiveness of our microturbines;
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costs associated with the installation and commissioning of our
microturbines;
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maintenance and repair costs associated with our microturbines;
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the future costs and availability of fuels used by our
microturbines;
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economic downturns and reduction in capital spending;
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consumer perceptions of our microturbines safety and
quality;
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the emergence of newer, more competitive technologies and
products; and
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decrease in domestic and international incentives.
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We
operate in a highly competitive market among competitors who
have significantly greater resources than we have and we may not
be able to compete effectively.
Capstone microturbines compete with several technologies,
including reciprocating engines, fuel cells and solar power.
Competing technologies may receive certain benefits, like
governmental subsidies or promotion, or be able to offer
consumer rebates or other incentives that we cannot receive or
offer to the same extent. This could enhance our
competitors abilities to fund research, penetrate markets
or increase sales.
S-4
Our competitors include several well-known companies with
histories of providing power solutions. They have substantially
greater resources than we have and have established worldwide
presence. Because of greater resources, some of our competitors
may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging
technologies and changes in customer requirements, to devote
greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products
than we can or they may introduce governmental regulations and
policies to create competitive advantage vis-à-vis our
products. We believe that developing and maintaining a
competitive advantage will require continued investment by us in
product development and quality, as well as attention to product
performance, our product prices, our conformance to industry
standards, manufacturing capability and sales and marketing. In
addition, current and potential competitors have established or
may in the future establish collaborative relationships among
themselves or with third parties, including third parties with
whom we have business relationships. Accordingly, new
competitors or alliances may emerge and rapidly acquire
significant market share.
Overall, the market for our products is highly competitive and
is changing rapidly. We believe that the primary competitive
factors affecting the market for our products, including some
that are outside of our control, include:
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name recognition, historical performance and market power of our
competitors;
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product quality and performance;
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operating efficiency;
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product price;
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availability, price and compatibility of fuel;
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development of new products and features; and
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emissions levels.
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There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully
compete against either current or potential competitors or that
competition will not have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition.
If we do
not effectively implement our sales, marketing and service
plans, our sales will not grow and our profitability will
suffer.
Our sales and marketing efforts may not achieve intended results
and therefore may not generate the net revenue we anticipate. As
a result of our strategic plan, we have decided to focus our
resources on selected vertical markets, such as cogeneration
(CHP and CCHP), resource recovery and secure power. We may
change our focus to other markets or applications in the future.
There can be no assurance that our focus or our near term plans
will be successful. If we are not able to successfully address
markets for our products, we may not be able to grow our
business, compete effectively or achieve profitability.
As a result of our strategic planning process, we have begun
offering direct sales and service in selected markets. We do not
have extensive experience in providing direct sales and service
and may not be successful in executing this strategy. In
addition, we may lose existing distributors or service providers
or we may have more difficulty attracting new distributors and
service providers as a result of this strategy. Further we may
incur new types of obligations, such as extended service
obligations, that could result in costs that exceed the related
revenue. We may encounter new transaction types through
providing direct sales and service and these transactions may
require changes to our historic business practices. For example,
an arrangement with a third party leasing company may require us
to provide a residual value guarantee, which is not consistent
with our past operating practice.
Also, as we expand in international markets, customers may have
difficulty or be unable to integrate our products into their
existing systems or may have difficulty complying with foreign
regulatory and commercial requirements. As a result, our
products may require redesign. Any redesign of the product may
delay sales or cause quality issues. In addition, we may be
subject to a variety of other risks associated with
international
S-5
business, including import/export restrictions, fluctuations in
currency exchange rates and global political and economic
instability.
Approval
of the New York City Department of Buildings MEA
application for listing our product on the MEA Index may not
result in an increase in sales.
Our sales efforts may not achieve our intended targets with
regards to the New York market and therefore may not generate
the net revenue we anticipate. As a result of our strategic
plan, we have decided to focus resources on the New York market
to support the sales that may result from the approval of the
New York City Department of Buildings MEA application for
listing our product on the MEA Index. Though we received our MEA
approval from the New York City Department of Buildings MEA
Division and the New York Fire Department on May 24, 2006,
certain applications of our products will require further
approval and there can be no assurance that our focus on, or our
near-term plans for, the New York market will be successful.
Approval
of Capstone-branded products for listing on the General Service
Administration (GSA) Schedule does not ensure that
we will supply products to the federal government and may not
result in an increase in sales.
We have publicly announced that our products have been approved
by the GSA. The GSA approval provides the opportunity for
federal end-user customers to negotiate and acquire products and
services from commercial suppliers. There is no assurance that
we will achieve our intended targets with regards to the sale of
our products to the federal government, and, therefore, we may
not generate the net revenue we anticipate.
We do not
have a definitive agreement with Broad USA, Inc. to develop
jointly fully integrated cogeneration (CCHP) systems, and this
strategic relationship is subject to negotiation and execution
of a definitive agreement and may not result in an increase in
sales.
We have publicly announced that we have negotiated and signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Broad USA,
Inc. to jointly develop fully integrated cogeneration (CCHP)
systems. The basis of the agreement will synchronize the two
companies to follow our cookie-cutter concept for
market standardization of
on-site
power and CCHP solutions. We do not have a definitive agreement
with Broad USA, Inc., and no assurance can be given that we will
reach such an agreement. If we enter into such an agreement, our
sales efforts may not achieve intended targets with regards to
the anticipated strategic relationship with Broad USA, Inc. and
therefore may not generate the net revenue we anticipate.
We may
not be able to retain or develop distributors or dealers in our
targeted markets, in which case our sales would not increase as
expected.
In order to serve certain of our targeted markets, we believe
that we must ally ourselves with companies that have particular
expertise or better access to those markets. We believe that
retaining or developing strong distributors or dealers in these
targeted markets can improve the rate of adoption as well as
reduce the direct financial burden of introducing a new
technology and creating a new market. Because of
distributors and dealers relationships in their
respective markets, the loss of a distributor or dealer could
adversely impact the ability to penetrate our target market. We
offer our distributors and dealers a stated discount from list
price for the products they purchase. In the future, to attract
and retain distributors and dealers, we may provide volume price
discounts or otherwise incur significant costs that may reduce
the potential profitability of these relationships. We may not
be able to retain or develop appropriate distributors or dealers
on a timely basis, and we cannot provide assurance that the
distributors or dealers will focus adequate resources on selling
our products or will be successful in selling them. In addition,
some of the relationships may require that we grant exclusive
distribution rights in defined territories. These exclusive
distribution arrangements could result in our being unable to
enter into other arrangements at a time when the distributor or
dealer with whom we form a relationship is not successful in
selling our products or has reduced its commitment to market our
products. We cannot provide assurance you that we will be able
to negotiate collaborative relationships on favorable
S-6
terms or at all. The inability of the Company to have
appropriate distribution in our target markets may adversely
affect our financial condition and results of operations.
A
significant customer may not achieve its forecasted sales
growth, and we have given it notice of certain breaches of
contract that have not been cured and could result in
termination of our agreement with this customer.
Sales to UTC Power, LLC (UTCP), an affiliate of
United Technologies Corporation, accounted for approximately 17%
and 15% of our net revenue for the years ended March 31,
2006 and 2005. Our OEM agreement with UTCP permits UTCP to
package the Capstone microturbine products with chillers and
heat exchange equipment manufactured by UTCP and to sell and
service the integrated CCHP units. UTCPs performance as it
relates to engineering, installation and provision of
after-market service could have a significant impact on our
reputation and products. On September 11, 2005, we gave
notice to UTCP, pursuant to our OEM agreement, of certain
breaches of the OEM agreement by UTCP, including failure to meet
sales targets for the year. With respect to most of the
breaches, UTCP had ninety (90) calendar days following its
receipt of the notice in which to cure the breaches. We could
elect to terminate the OEM agreement if UTCP fails to cure the
breaches. While we believe that UTCP has not yet cured some key
breaches of the agreement, we have continued to work with UTCP
and have encouraged UTCP to resolve the underlying causes of the
breaches. Meanwhile, we are continuing to do business with UTCP
under the OEM agreement, and we have not terminated the
agreement. If this relationship is terminated, we will honor
sales orders committed to prior to the date of termination in
accordance with the OEM agreement; however, our near-term sales,
cash flow and profitability could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, while this relationship is important to us, UTCP
has not and may not achieve its forecasted sales growth, which
could affect our ability to meet our sales, cash flow and
profitability targets.
We may
not be able to develop sufficiently trained applications
engineering, installation and service support to serve our
targeted markets.
Our ability to identify and develop business relationships with
companies who can provide quality, cost-effective application
engineering, installations and service can significantly affect
our success. The application engineering and proper installation
of our microturbines, as well as proper maintenance and service,
are critical to the performance of the units. Additionally, we
need to reduce the total installed cost of our microturbines to
enhance market opportunities. Our inability to improve the
quality of applications, installation and service while reducing
associated costs could affect the marketability of our products.
Changes
in our product components may require us to replace parts held
at distributors and ASCs.
We have entered into agreements with some of our distributors
and ASCs that require that if we render parts obsolete in
inventories they own and hold in support of their obligations to
serve fielded microturbines, then we are required to replace the
affected stock at no cost to the distributors or ASCs. It is
possible that future changes in our product technology could
involve costs that have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations or financial position.
We
operate in a highly regulated business environment, and changes
in regulation could impose significant costs on us or make our
products less economical, thereby affecting demand for our
microturbines.
Our products are subject to federal, state, local and foreign
laws and regulations, governing, among other things, emissions
to air and occupational health and safety. Regulatory agencies
may impose special requirements for the implementation and
operation of our products or that may significantly affect or
even eliminate some of our target markets. We may incur material
costs or liabilities in complying with government regulations.
In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be
required in order to comply with evolving environmental and
health and safety laws, regulations and requirements that may be
adopted or imposed in the future. For example, the California
Air Resources Board (CARB) has recently determined
that the CARB 2007 standards are applicable to microturbines as
of January 1, 2007. We have not yet been able to achieve
compliance with these new standards. Until we are able to
produce microturbines in compliance with these
S-7
standards, if we choose to do so, our customers in certain parts
of California would have to receive air emission permits before
installation of a Capstone microturbine. This may have the
affect of slowing installations and adding incremental cost to
the customer. Furthermore, our potential utility customers must
comply with numerous laws and regulations. The deregulation of
the utility industry may also create challenges for our
marketing efforts. For example, as part of electric utility
deregulation, federal, state and local governmental authorities
may impose transitional charges or exit fees, which would make
it less economical for some potential customers to switch to our
products. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to
obtain these approvals and changes in a timely manner, or at all.
The market for electricity and generation products is heavily
influenced by federal and state government regulations and
policies. The deregulation and restructuring of the electric
industry in the United States and elsewhere may cause rule
changes that may reduce or eliminate some of the advantages of
such deregulation and restructuring. We cannot determine how the
deregulation and the restructuring of the electric utility
industry may ultimately affect the market for our microturbines.
Changes in regulatory standards or policies could reduce the
level of investment in the research and development of
alternative power sources, including microturbines. Any
reduction or termination of such programs could increase the
cost to our potential customers, making our systems less
desirable, and thereby adversely affect our revenue and
potential profitability.
In addition, the State of California Self-Generation Incentive
Program Level 3 (Non-Renewable / Non-Solar) is scheduled to
expire in December 2007. If the efforts to extend these credits
are not successful, our customers would lose the benefit of
these incentives, thus reducing the economic benefits for
customers and depriving them of a significant incentive for
purchases of microturbines in California.
Utility
companies or governmental entities could place barriers to our
entry into the marketplace and we may not be able to effectively
sell our product.
Utility companies or governmental entities could place barriers
on the installation of our product or the interconnection of the
product with the electric grid. Further, they may charge
additional fees to customers who install
on-site
generation, or for having the capacity to use power from the
grid for
back-up or
standby purposes. These types of restrictions, fees or charges
could hamper the ability to install or effectively use our
product or increase the cost to our potential customers for
using our systems. This could make our systems less desirable,
thereby adversely affecting our revenue and profitability
potential. In addition, utility rate reductions can make our
products less competitive which would have a material adverse
effect on our operations. The cost of electric power generation
is ultimately tied to the cost of natural gas. However, changes
to electric utility tariffs often require lengthy regulatory
approval and include a mix of fuel types as well as customer
categories. Potential customers may perceive the resulting
swings in gas and electric pricing as an increased risk of
investing in
on-site
generation.
Product
quality expectations may not be met causing slower market
acceptance or warranty cost exposure.
As we continue to improve the quality and lower the total costs
of ownership of our products, we may require engineering
changes. Such improvement initiatives may render existing
inventories obsolete or excessive. Despite our continuous
quality improvement initiatives, we may not meet customer
expectations. Any significant quality issues with our products
could have a material adverse effect on our rate of product
adoption, results of operations and financial position.
Moreover, as we develop new configurations for our microturbines
or as our customers place existing configurations in commercial
use, our products may perform below expectations. Any
significant performance below expectations could adversely
affect our operating results and financial position and affect
the marketability of our products.
We sell our products with warranties. There
can be no assurance that the provision for estimated product
warranty will be sufficient to cover our warranty expenses in
the future. We cannot ensure that our efforts to reduce our risk
through warranty disclaimers will effectively limit our
liability. Any significant incurrence of warranty expense in
excess of estimates could have a material adverse effect on our
operating
S-8
results and financial position. Further, we have at times
undertaken programs to enhance the performance of units
previously sold. These enhancements have at times been provided
at no cost or below our cost. If we choose to offer such
programs again in the future, such actions could result in
significant costs.
We depend
upon the development of new products and enhancements of
existing products.
Our operating results may depend on our ability to develop and
introduce new products, or enhance existing products and to
reduce the costs to produce our products. The success of our
products is dependent on several factors, including proper
product definition, product cost, timely completion and
introduction of the products, differentiation of products from
those of our competitors, meeting changing customer
requirements, emerging industry standards and market acceptance
of these products. The development of new, technologically
advanced products and enhancements is a complex and uncertain
process requiring high levels of innovation, as well as the
accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. There
can be no assurance that we will successfully identify new
product opportunities, develop and bring new or enhanced
products to market in a timely manner, successfully lower costs
and achieve market acceptance of our products, or that products
and technologies developed by others will not render our
products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive.
Operational
restructuring may result in asset impairment or other
unanticipated charges.
As a result of our strategic plan, we have identified
opportunities to outsource to third party suppliers certain
functions which we currently perform. We believe outsourcing can
reduce product costs, improve product quality or increase
operating efficiency. These actions may not yield the expected
results, and outsourcing may result in delay or lower quality
products. Transitioning to outsourcing may cause certain
affected employees to leave the Company before the outsourcing
is complete. This could result in a lack of the experienced
in-house talent necessary to successfully implement the
outsourcing. Further, depending on the nature of operations
outsourced and the structure of agreements we reach with
suppliers to perform these functions, we may experience
impairment in the value of manufacturing assets related to the
outsourced functions or other unanticipated charges, which could
have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We may
not achieve production cost reductions necessary to
competitively price our product, which would impair our
sales.
We believe that we will need to reduce the unit production cost
of our products over time to maintain our ability to offer
competitively priced products. Our ability to achieve cost
reductions will depend on our ability to develop low cost design
enhancements, to obtain necessary tooling and favorable supplier
contracts and to increase sales volumes so we can achieve
economies of scale. We cannot provide assurance that we will be
able to achieve any such production cost reductions. Our failure
to achieve such cost reductions could have a material adverse
effect on our business and results of operations.
Commodity
market factors impact our costs and availability of
materials.
Our products contain a number of commodity materials, from
metals, which includes steel, special high temperature alloys,
copper, nickel and molybdenum, to computer components. The
availability of these commodities could impact our ability to
acquire the materials necessary to meet our requirements. The
cost of metals has historically fluctuated. The pricing could
impact the costs to manufacture our product. If we are not able
to acquire commodity materials at prices and on terms
satisfactory to us or at all, our operating results may be
materially adversely affected.
Our
suppliers may not supply us with a sufficient amount of
components or components of adequate quality, and we may not be
able to produce our product.
Some of our components are currently available only from a
single source or limited sources. We may experience delays in
production if we fail to identify alternative suppliers, or if
any parts supply is interrupted, each of which could materially
adversely affect our business and operations. In order to reduce
manufacturing
S-9
lead times and ensure adequate component supply, we enter into
agreements with certain suppliers that allow them to procure
inventories based upon criteria defined by us. If we fail to
anticipate customer demand properly, an oversupply of parts
could result in excess or obsolete inventories, which could
adversely affect our business. Our inability to meet volume
commitments with suppliers could affect the availability or
pricing of our parts and components. A reduction or interruption
in supply, a significant increase in price of one or more
components or a decrease in demand of products could materially
adversely affect our business and operations and could
materially damage our customer relationships. Financial problems
of suppliers on whom we rely could limit our supply or increase
our costs. Also, we cannot guarantee that any of the parts or
components that we purchase will be of adequate quality or that
the prices we pay for the parts or components will not increase.
Inadequate quality of products from suppliers could interrupt
our ability to supply quality products to our customers in a
timely manner. Additionally, defects in materials or products
supplied by our suppliers that are not identified before our
products are placed in service by our customers could result in
higher warranty costs and damage to our reputation. We also
outsource approximately 2% of our components internationally and
expect to increase international outsourcing of components. As a
result of outsourcing internationally, we may be subject to
delays in delivery due to the timing or regulations associated
with the import/export process, delays in transportation or
regional instability.
Our
products involve a lengthy sales cycle and we may not anticipate
sales levels appropriately, which could impair our potential
profitability.
The sale of our products typically involves a significant
commitment of capital by customers, with the attendant delays
frequently associated with large capital expenditures. For these
and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with our products
is typically lengthy and subject to a number of significant
risks over which we have little or no control. We expect to plan
our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts
of customer demand, which is highly unpredictable and can
fluctuate substantially. If sales in any period fall
significantly below anticipated levels, our financial condition
and results of operations could suffer. If demand in any period
increases well above anticipated levels, we may have
difficulties in responding, incur greater costs to respond, or
be unable to fulfill the demand in sufficient time to retain the
order, which would negatively impact our operations. In
addition, our operating expenses are based on anticipated sales
levels, and a high percentage of our expenses are generally
fixed in the short term. As a result of these factors, a small
fluctuation in timing of sales can cause operating results to
vary from period to period.
Potential
intellectual property, shareholder or other litigation may
adversely impact our business.
We may face litigation relating to intellectual property
matters, labor matters, product liability, or other matters. An
adverse judgment could negatively impact our financial position
and results of operations, the price of our common stock and our
ability to obtain future financing on favorable terms or at all.
Any litigation could be costly, divert management attention or
result in increased costs of doing business.
We may be
unable to fund our future operating requirements, which could
force us to curtail our operations.
To the extent that the funds we now have on hand are
insufficient to fund our future operating requirements, we would
need to raise additional funds, through further public or
private equity or debt financings depending upon prevailing
market conditions. These financings may not be available or, if
available, may be on terms that are not favorable to us and
could result in dilution to our stockholders and reduction of
the price of our stock. Downturns in worldwide capital markets
could also impede our ability to raise additional capital on
favorable terms or at all. If adequate capital were not
available to us, we would likely be required to significantly
curtail or possibly even cease our operations.
S-10
We may
not be able to effectively manage our growth, expand our
production capabilities or improve our operational, financial
and management information systems, which would impair our sales
and profitability.
If we are successful in executing our business plan, we will
experience growth in our business that could place a significant
strain on our business operations, management and other
resources. Our ability to manage our growth will require us to
expand our production capabilities, continue to improve our
operational, financial and management information systems, and
to motivate and effectively manage our employees. We cannot
provide assurance that our systems, procedures and controls or
financial resources will be adequate, or that our management
will keep pace with this growth. We cannot provide assurance
that our management will be able to manage this growth
effectively.
Our
success depends in significant part upon the continuing service
of management and key employees.
Our success depends in significant part upon the continuing
service of our executive officers, senior management and sales
and technical personnel. The failure of our personnel to execute
our strategy, or our failure to retain management and personnel
could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our
success will be dependent on our continued ability to attract,
retain and motivate highly skilled employees. There can be no
assurance that we can do so.
Our internal control systems rely on people trained in the
execution of the controls. Loss of these people or our inability
to replace them with similarly skilled and trained individuals
or new processes in a timely manner could adversely impact our
internal control mechanisms.
We cannot
be certain of the future effectiveness of our internal controls
over financial reporting or the impact thereof on our operations
or the market price of our common stock.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
we are required to include in our Annual Reports on
Form 10-K
our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls
over financial reporting. Furthermore, our independent
registered public accounting firm is required to audit our
assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over
financial reporting and separately report on whether it believes
we maintain, in all material respects, effective internal
controls over financial reporting. We identified three material
weaknesses in our system of internal controls as of
March 31, 2005.
Since March 31, 2005, we have adequately addressed the
three material weaknesses. We cannot provide assurance that our
system of internal controls will be effective in the future as
our operations and control environment change. If we cannot
adequately maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls
over financial reporting, our financial reporting may be
inaccurate. If reporting errors actually occur, we could be
subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities,
such as the Securities and Exchange Commission. These results
could adversely affect our financial results or the market price
of our common stock.
Our
operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, earthquake
and other events beyond our control.
Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire,
earthquake and other events beyond our control. Our executive
offices and manufacturing facilities are located in Southern
California. Because the Southern California area is located in
an earthquake-sensitive area, we are particularly susceptible to
the risk of damage to, or total destruction of, our facilities
in Southern California and the surrounding transportation
infrastructure, which could affect our ability to make and
transport our products. The Company does not maintain earthquake
coverage for personal property or resulting business
interruption. If an earthquake, fire or other natural disaster
occurs at or near our facilities, our business, financial
condition and operating results could be materially adversely
affected.
S-11
Risks
Related to Our Common Stock and the Offering
The
market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be
highly volatile and an investment in our securities could suffer
a decline in value.
An investment in our securities is risky, and shareholders could
suffer significant losses and wide fluctuations in the market
value of their investment. The market price of our common stock
is highly volatile and is likely to continue to be volatile. As
a result of the factors discussed below, our operating results
for a particular quarter are difficult to predict. Given the
continued uncertainty surrounding many variables that may affect
the industry in which we operate, our ability to foresee results
for future periods is limited. This variability could affect our
operating results and thereby adversely affect our stock price.
Many factors that contribute to this volatility are beyond our
control and may cause the market price of our common stock to
change, regardless of our operating performance. Factors that
could cause fluctuation in our stock price may include, among
other things:
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actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;
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market sentiment toward alternate energy stocks in general or
toward Capstone;
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changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities
analysts;
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conditions or trends in our industry or the overall economy;
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loss of one or more of our significant customers;
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errors, omissions or failures by third parties in meeting
commitments to the Company;
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changes in the market valuations or earnings of our competitors
or other technology companies;
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the trading of options on our common stock;
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announcements by us or our competitors of significant
acquisitions, strategic partnerships, divestitures, joint
ventures or other strategic initiatives;
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announcements of significant market events, such as power
outages, regulatory changes or technology changes;
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changes in the estimation of the future size and growth rate of
our market;
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future equity financings;
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the failure to achieve our near-term plans for the federal
government despite receiving listing on the General Service
Administration Schedule;
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the failure to achieve our near-term plans for the New York
market despite receiving the New York MEA approval;
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failure to enter into a definitive agreement with Broad USA,
Inc.;
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litigation or disputes with customers or business partners;
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capital commitments;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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sales or purchases of the Companys common stock;
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the trading volume of our common stock;
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developments relating to litigation or governmental
investigations; and
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decrease in oil and electricity prices.
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In addition, the stock market in general, and the Nasdaq Global
Market and the market for technology companies in particular,
have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have
often been
S-12
unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of
particular companies affected. The market prices of securities
of technology companies and companies servicing the technology
industries have been particularly volatile. These broad market
and industry factors may cause a material decline in the market
price of our common stock, regardless of our operating
performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the
market price of a companys securities, securities
class-action
litigation has often been instituted against that company. This
type of litigation, if instituted against us and regardless of
whether we prevail on the underlying claim, could result in
substantial costs and a diversion of managements attention
and resources, which could materially harm our financial
condition and results of operations.
Investors
in this offering will experience immediate and substantial
dilution.
The public offering price of the securities to be offered
pursuant to this prospectus supplement is substantially higher
than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock.
Therefore, if you purchase shares of our common stock and
warrants in this offering, you will incur immediate and
substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of
common stock from the price per unit that you pay for the
securities. If the holders of outstanding options exercise those
options at prices below the public offering price, you will
incur further dilution. See Dilution.
Sales of
substantial amounts of our common stock or the perception that
such sales may occur could cause the market price of our common
stock to drop significantly, even if our business is performing
well.
The market price of our common stock could decline as a result
of sales by, or the perceived possibility of sales by, our
existing stockholders of shares of our common stock in the
market after this offering. These sales might also make it more
difficult for us to sell equity securities at a time and price
that we deem appropriate. The
lock-up
agreements delivered by our directors and officers to the
placement agent in connection with this offering generally
provide that they will not dispose of their shares of our common
stock for a period of 90 days after the date of this
prospectus supplement. The placement agent has no
pre-established conditions to waiving the terms of the
lock-up
agreements, and any decision by them to waive those conditions
would depend on a number of factors, which may include market
conditions, the performance of the common stock in the market
and our financial condition at that time.
We will
have broad discretion in how we use the proceeds of this
offering, and we may not use these proceeds effectively, which
could affect our results of operations and cause our stock price
to decline.
We will have considerable discretion in the application of the
net proceeds of this offering. Our management has broad
discretion over how these proceeds are used and could spend the
proceeds in ways with which you may not agree. We may not invest
the proceeds of this offering effectively or in a manner that
yields a favorable or any return and, consequently, this could
result in financial losses that could have a material and
adverse effect on our business, cause the price of our common
stock to decline or delay the development of our product
candidates.
Provisions
in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and our stockholder
rights plan, as well as Delaware law, may discourage, delay or
prevent a merger or acquisition at a premium price.
Provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and our stockholder
rights plan, as well as provisions of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, could discourage, delay or prevent
unsolicited proposals to merge with or acquire us, even though
such proposals may be at a premium price or otherwise beneficial
to you. These provisions include our boards authorization
to issue shares of preferred stock, on terms the board
determines in its discretion, without stockholder approval, and
provisions of Delaware law that restrict many business
combinations.
We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which could
prevent us from engaging in a business combination with a 15% or
greater stockholder for a period of three years from the date it
acquired such status unless appropriate board or stockholder
approvals
S-13
are obtained. Our board of directors has adopted a stockholder
rights plan, pursuant to which one preferred stock purchase
right has been issued for each share of our common stock
authorized and outstanding at the close of business on
July 18, 2005. The rights plan is intended to protect our
stockholders in the event of an unfair or coercive offer to
acquire the Company. However, the existence of the rights plan
may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition of the
Company that is not supported by the board of directors.
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement (including the information
incorporated by reference) contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities
Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act).
Forward-looking statements include statements concerning, among
other things, our future results of operations, sales
expectations, the future of our relationship and efforts toward
negotiating an OEM agreement with CapGen, research and
development activities, our ability to develop markets for our
products, sources for parts, federal, state and local
regulations and general business, industry and economic
conditions applicable to us. When used in this prospectus
supplement, the words estimates,
expects, anticipates,
projects, plans, intends,
believes, should, could,
may and variations of such words or similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements, including, without limitation,
our examination of historical operation trends, are based upon
our current expectations and various assumptions.
There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause
our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus supplement, including
those risks described above. We caution you that these factors,
as well as the risk factors included or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus supplement, may not be exhaustive.
Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ
materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these
forward-looking statements. We operate in a continually changing
business environment, and new risk factors emerge from time to
time. We cannot accurately predict such future risk factors, nor
can we assess the impact, if any, of such possible future risk
factors on our businesses or the extent to which any factor or
combination of factors may cause actual results to differ
materially from those expressed or implied by any
forward-looking statements. You are advised to review any
further disclosures we make on related subjects in reports we
file with the SEC. All forward-looking statements attributable
to us or persons acting on our behalf apply only as of the date
of this prospectus supplement and are expressly qualified in
their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this
prospectus supplement. We undertake no obligation to publicly
update or revise forward-looking statements, which may be made
to reflect events or circumstances after the date made or to
reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as
required by applicable securities laws.
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds we will receive from this
offering will be approximately $ ,
after deducting the placement agents and financial
advisors fees and estimated offering expenses and assuming
that we sell the maximum number of securities offered hereby.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the securities sold by us
in the offering for general corporate purposes, which may
include, but are not limited to, working capital and capital
expenditures. We do not have a current specific plan for use of
the proceeds, other than to fund operating losses.
Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, the
net proceeds of this offering will be deposited in interest
bearing accounts or invested in certificates of deposit, United
States government obligations or other short-term, high-quality
debt instruments selected at our discretion.
S-14
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock and warrants, you will
experience dilution to the extent of the difference between the
public offering price and the net tangible book value per share
of our common stock immediately after this offering. Our net
tangible book value as of September 30, 2006 was
approximately $53,936,000, or $0.52 per share of common
stock. Net tangible book value per share represents our total
tangible assets as of September 30, 2006 (which excludes
goodwill and other intangible assets), less our total
liabilities, as of September 30, 2006 divided by the
aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of
September 30, 2006.
After giving effect to the sale of
shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase
shares
of common stock in this offering, at an offering price of
$ per unit, and after
deducting placement agent and financial advisor fees and the
estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book
value as of
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200 would be approximately
$ million, or
$ per share. This
represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of
$ per share to
existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of
$ per share to new
investors. The following table illustrates this per share
dilution:
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Public offering price per unit
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$
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Net tangible book value per share
as of September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
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$
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0.52
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Increase in net tangible book
value per share attributable to new investors
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Net tangible book value per share
after this offering
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Dilution per share to new investors
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$
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The number of shares of common stock outstanding used for
existing stockholders in the table and calculations above is
based on 104,214,049 shares outstanding as of
September 30, 2006, and excludes:
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7,745,969 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise
of stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2006, with
a weighted-average exercise price of $2.32 per share;
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2,518,521 shares of common stock reserved for future awards
under our stock incentive plans and our employee stock purchase
plans as of September 30, 2006; and
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shares
of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants
issued hereunder.
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S-15
DESCRIPTION
OF WARRANTS
The warrants represent the right to purchase up to
shares
of common stock at an initial exercise price equal to
$ per share. Each
warrant may be exercised at any time and from time to time on or
after the original issue date and through and including
January , 2012.
Exercise. Holders of the warrants may exercise
their warrants to purchase shares of our common stock on or
before the expiration date by delivering (i) an exercise
notice, appropriately completed and duly signed, and
(ii) if such holder is not utilizing the cashless exercise
provisions, payment of the exercise price for the number of
shares with respect to which the warrant is being exercised.
Warrants may be exercised in whole or in part, but only for full
shares of common stock, and any portion of a warrant not
exercised prior to the expiration date shall be and become void
and of no value. We provide certain buy-in rights to a holder if
we fail to deliver the shares of common stock underlying the
warrants by the third business day after the date on which
delivery of such stock certificate is required by the warrant.
The buy-in rights apply if after such third business day, but
prior to cure by us, the holder purchases (in an open market
transaction or otherwise) shares of our common stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the holder of the warrant shares
that the holder anticipated receiving from us upon exercise of
the warrant. In this event, at the request of and in the
holders discretion, we will either:
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pay cash to the holder in an amount equal to the buy-in price,
meaning the holders total purchase price (including
brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of common stock so
purchased, at which point our obligation to deliver such stock
certificate (and to issue such shares of common stock underlying
the exercised warrants) terminates; or
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deliver to the holder a certificate or certificates representing
the shares of common stock underlying the exercised warrant and
pay cash to the holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any)
of the buy-in price over the product of (A) such number of
shares of common stock, times (B) the closing bid price on
the date of the event giving rise to the Companys
obligation to deliver such certificate.
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In addition, the warrant holders are entitled to a
cashless exercise option if, at any time of
exercise, there is no effective registration statement
registering, or no current prospectus available for, the
issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the exercised
warrants. This option entitles the warrant holder to elect to
receive fewer shares of common stock without paying the cash
exercise price. The number of shares to be issued would be
determined by a formula based on the total number of shares with
respect to which the warrant is being exercised, the closing
price of the common stock on the trading date immediately prior
to the date of exercise and the applicable exercise price of the
warrants.
The shares of common stock issuable on exercise of the warrants
will be, when issued in accordance with the warrants, duly and
validly authorized, issued and fully paid and non-assessable. We
will authorize and reserve at least that number of shares of
common stock equal to the number of shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of all outstanding warrants.
Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while
the warrant is outstanding, (1) we effect any merger or
consolidation with or into another person or entity after which
our shareholders as of immediately prior to the transaction own
less than a majority of the outstanding stock of the surviving
entity, (2) we effect any sale of all or substantially all
of our assets in one or a series of related transactions,
(3) any tender offer or exchange offer approved or
authorized by our board of directors is completed pursuant to
which holders of common stock are permitted to tender or
exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property, or
(4) we effect any reclassification of the common stock or
any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the common stock
is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities,
cash or property (in any such case, a Fundamental
Transaction), then the holder shall have the right
thereafter to receive, upon exercise of the warrant, the same
amount and kind of securities, cash or property as it would have
been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental
Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such
Fundamental Transaction, the holder of the number of warrant
shares then issuable upon exercise of the warrant (the
Alternate Consideration). We shall not effect any
such Fundamental Transaction unless prior to or simultaneously
with the consummation thereof, any successor to us, surviving
entity or the corporation
S-16
purchasing or otherwise acquiring such assets shall assume the
obligation to deliver to the holder such Alternate Consideration
as the Holder may be entitled to purchase, and the other
obligations under the warrant.
Delivery of Certificates. Upon the
holders exercise of a warrant, we will promptly, but in no
event later than three business days after the exercise date,
issue and deliver, or cause to be issued and delivered, a
certificate for the shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of the warrant, free of restrictive legends. In
addition, we will, if the holder provides the necessary
information to us, issue and deliver the shares electronically
through The Depository Trust Corporation through its Deposit
Withdrawal Agent Commission System or another established
clearing corporation performing similar functions.
Certain Adjustments. The exercise price and
the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the
exercise of the warrants are subject to adjustment upon the
occurrence of specific events, including stock dividends, stock
splits, and combinations of our common stock, and the issuance
of our equity securities under certain circumstances at less
than the exercise price of the warrants. If we make or issue a
dividend or other distribution payable in securities of the
company other than shares of common stock, or in cash or other
property, then each holders warrant will become the right
to receive, upon exercise of such warrant, in addition to the
number of shares of common stock issuable under the warrant, the
same kind and amount of securities, cash or other property as it
would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such
transaction, if the warrant had been exercised immediately prior
to such transaction. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the
warrants to the contrary, if a reduction in the exercise price
would require us to obtain stockholder approval pursuant to
Nasdaqs Marketplace Rule 4350(i) and such stockholder
approval has not been obtained, (i) the exercise price
shall be reduced to the maximum extent that would not require
stockholder approval under such rule, and (ii) we shall use
our commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such stockholder
approval as soon as reasonably practicable.
We will provide notice to holders of the warrants to provide
such holders with a practical opportunity to exercise their
warrants and hold common stock in order to participate in or
vote on the following corporate events:
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if we declare a dividend or distribution of cash, securities or
other property in respect of our common stock;
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we authorize, approve, or enter into any agreement contemplating
or soliciting approval for a merger, sale or similar transaction
pursuant to which common stock is converted or exchanged for
cash, securities or property; or
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if we authorize a voluntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up of our affairs.
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Limitations on Exercise. The number of warrant
shares that may be acquired by the holder upon any exercise of
the warrant shall be limited to the extent necessary to insure
that, following such exercise (or other issuance), the total
number of shares of common stock then beneficially owned by such
holder and its affiliates and any other persons whose beneficial
ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the
holders for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange
Act, does not exceed 9.999% of the total number of issued and
outstanding shares of common stock (including for such purpose
the shares of common stock issuable upon such exercise).
Additional Provisions. The above summary of
certain terms and provisions of the warrants is qualified in its
entirety by reference to the detailed provisions of the
warrants, the form of which will be filed as an exhibit to a
current report on
Form 8-K
that will be incorporated herein by reference. We are not
required to issue fractional shares upon the exercise of the
warrants. No holders of the warrants will possess any rights as
a shareholder under those warrants until the holder exercises
those warrants. The warrants may be transferred independent of
the common stock they were issued with, on a form of assignment,
subject to all applicable laws.
S-17
PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION
Pursuant to a placement agency agreement dated
January , 2007, we have
engaged A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. to act as our
exclusive placement agent in connection with an offering of our
shares of common stock and warrants pursuant to this prospectus
supplement and accompanying prospectus. Under the terms of the
placement agency agreement, the placement agent has agreed to be
our exclusive placement agent, on a best efforts basis, in
connection with the issuance and sale by us of our shares of
common stock and warrants in a proposed takedown from our shelf
registration statement. The terms of any such offering will be
subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the
placement agent and prospective purchasers. The placement agency
agreement provides that the obligations of the placement agent
are subject to certain conditions precedent, including the
absence of any material adverse change in our business and the
receipt of certain certificates, opinions and letters from us,
our counsel and our auditors. The placement agency agreement
does not give rise to any commitment by the placement agent to
purchase any of our shares of common stock and warrants, and the
placement agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of
the placement agency agreement. Further, the placement agent
does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in
any prospective offering.
We will enter into subscription agreements directly with
investors in connection with this offering, and we will only
sell to investors who have entered into subscription agreements.
Unless purchasers instruct us otherwise, we will deliver the
shares of common stock being issued to the purchasers
electronically upon receipt of purchaser funds for the purchase
of the shares of our common stock and warrants offered pursuant
to this prospectus supplement. The warrants will be issued in
registered physical form. We expect to deliver the shares of our
common stock and warrants being offered pursuant to this
prospectus supplement on or about
January , 2007.
We have agreed to pay the placement agent a total placement fee
equal to 4.8% of the gross proceeds of this offering (excluding
any proceeds from exercise of the warrants) and to reimburse the
placement agent all costs and expenses incurred by it in
connection with this offering, including the fees, disbursements
and other charges of counsel to the placement agent in an amount
not to exceed $125,000. In addition, for a period of two months
following this offering, we have granted the placement agent a
right of first refusal to participate in future offerings of
securities to certain identified investors.
We have also agreed to pay First Albany Capital a financial
advisory fee equal to 1.2% of the gross proceeds of this
offering.
In compliance with the guidelines of the National Association of
Securities Dealers, the maximum consideration or discount to be
received by any NASD member may not exceed 8.0% of the aggregate
amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus
supplement.
The placement agent has informed us that it will not engage in
over-allotment, stabilizing transactions or syndicate covering
transactions in connection with this offering.
In order to facilitate the closing, certain purchaser funds will
be deposited into a non-interest bearing escrow account and held
by the escrow agent until jointly released by us and the
placement agent in a written instruction to the escrow agent on
the date the securities are delivered to the purchasers. The
escrow agent will not accept any purchaser funds until the date
of this prospectus supplement.
We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent and specified
other persons against some civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and to
contribute to payments that the placement agent may be required
to make in respect of those liabilities.
We and each of our directors and executive officers have agreed
to certain restrictions on the ability to sell shares of our
common stock and other securities that they beneficially own,
including securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for our common stock, for a period of 90 days
following the date of this prospectus supplement. This means
that, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of
90 days following the date of this prospectus supplement,
we and such persons may not, directly or indirectly, offer,
S-18
pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell,
sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or
contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to
purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of our
common stock, without the prior written consent of the placement
agent. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (x) during the
last 17 days of such
90-day
period, we announce that we will release earnings results or
publicly announce other material news or a material event
relating to us occurs or (y) prior to the expiration of the
90-day
period, we announce that we will release earnings results during
the 16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
90-day
period, then in each case the
90-day
period will be extended until the expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the date of release of the earnings results
or the public announcement regarding the material news or the
occurrence of the material event, as applicable, unless the
placement agent waives, in writing, such extension. At any time
and without public notice, the placement agent may in its sole
discretion release all or some of the securities from these
lock-up
agreements.
The placement agency agreement with A.G. Edwards &
Sons, Inc. and the financial advisory agreement with First
Albany Capital will be included as exhibits to a Current Report
on
Form 8-K
that we will file with the SEC and that will be incorporated by
reference into the registration statement of which this
prospectus supplement forms a part.
The placement agent and financial advisor or their affiliates
may in the future provide investment banking, commercial banking
and/or other
services to us from time to time, for which they may in the
future receive customary fees and expenses.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Waller Lansden Dortch & Davis, LLP, Nashville,
Tennessee, has passed upon the validity of the shares of common
stock and warrants offered by this prospectus supplement on our
behalf. Lowenstein Sandler PC, New York, New York, will pass
upon certain legal matters in connection with this offering for
the placement agent.
WHERE YOU
CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any
materials we file with the SEC at the SECs Public
Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C.
20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy
and information statements and other information regarding
issuers that file electronically with the SEC at the SECs
website at http://www.sec.gov.
This prospectus supplement constitutes part of a registration
statement on
Form S-3
that we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act with respect
to the securities offered hereby. As permitted by the rules and
regulations of the SEC, this prospectus supplement omits some of
the information, exhibits and undertakings included in the
registration statement. You may read and copy the information
omitted from this prospectus supplement but contained in the
registration statement, as well as the periodic reports and
other information we file with the SEC, at the public reference
facilities maintained by the SEC in Washington, D.C.
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus
summarize material provisions of contracts and other documents
that we refer you to. Since this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus may not contain all the information that
you may find important, you should review the full text of those
documents. You should rely only on the information contained and
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus.
We make available free of charge through our website, which you
can find at http://www.capstoneturbine.com, our annual report on
Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q,
current reports on
Form 8-K,
and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such
material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
S-19
INCORPORATION
OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are incorporating by reference information we file with the
SEC, which means:
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incorporated documents are considered part of this prospectus
supplement;
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we can disclose important information to you by referring you to
those documents; and
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information that we file later with the SEC automatically will
update and supersede information contained in this prospectus
supplement.
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We are incorporating by reference the following documents, which
we have previously filed with the SEC:
(a) our Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, filed with the
SEC on June 14, 2006;
(b) our Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q
for the fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2006 and
September 30, 2006, filed with the SEC on August 9,
2006 and November 9, 2006;
(c) our Current Reports on
Form 8-K,
filed with the SEC on December 22, 2006, December 6,
2006, September 28, 2006, July 24, 2006, June 7,
2006, May 22, 2006, and April 21, 2006;
(d) Our Registration Statement on
Form 8-A
for our Common Stock, filed with the SEC on June 21, 2000;
(e) Our Registration Statement on
Form 8-A
for our Preferred Stock Purchase Rights, filed with the SEC on
July 8, 2005; and
(f) any future filings with the SEC under
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until
our offering is completed.
The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be a part
of this prospectus supplement, except for information
incorporated by reference that is superseded by information
contained in this prospectus supplement or any other document we
subsequently file with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to
be incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.
Likewise, any statement contained in this prospectus supplement,
the accompanying prospectus or in a document incorporated or
deemed to be incorporated by reference herein will be deemed to
have been modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus to the extent that
any statement contained in any document that we subsequently
file with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be
incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes the
statement.
You can obtain copies of the documents incorporated by reference
in this prospectus supplement but not delivered with this
prospectus supplement without charge through our website
(http://www.capstoneturbine.com) as soon as reasonably
practicable after we electronically file the material with, or
furnish it to, the SEC, or by requesting them in writing or by
telephone at the following address:
Capstone Turbine Corporation
21211 Nordhoff Street
Chatsworth, California 91311
Attention: Walter J. McBride
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
(818) 734-5300
S-20
PROSPECTUS
$150,000,000
Common Stock
Common Stock Warrants
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
We may from time to time offer, issue and sell, in one or more
series, together or separately, the following:
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shares of our common stock; |
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warrants to purchase shares of our common stock; |
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shares of our preferred stock; |
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debt securities, which may be either senior debt securities or
subordinated debt securities, in each case consisting of notes
or other evidence of indebtedness; or |
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any combination of these securities, individually or as units. |
We will offer such securities at an aggregate public offering
price of up to $150,000,000, or an equivalent amount in
U.S. dollars if any securities are denominated in a
currency other than U.S. dollars, on terms determined at
the time we offer such securities. We may offer such securities
separately or together, in separate classes or series, in
amounts, at prices and on terms set forth in an applicable
prospectus supplement to this prospectus.
The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain
information about any listing on a securities exchange of the
securities covered by such prospectus supplement.
We may sell these securities directly through agents designated
from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or
dealers, or through a combination of these methods. We reserve
the sole right to accept, and together with our agents, dealers
and underwriters reserve the right to reject, in whole or in
part, any proposed purchase of securities to be made directly or
through agents, dealers or underwriters. If any agents, dealers
or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the
securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee,
commission or discount arrangement between or among them, will
be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set
forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See Plan
of Distribution. Our estimated net proceeds from the sale
of securities also will be set forth in the relevant prospectus
supplement. No securities may be sold without delivery of the
applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms
of the offering of such securities.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under
the symbol CPST.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The date of this prospectus is September 14, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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You should rely only on the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not
authorized any person to provide you with information different
from or in addition to that contained in this prospectus. If
anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information,
you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell
these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is
not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing
in this prospectus or any other documents incorporated by
reference is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of
the applicable document. Our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects may have changed since that
date.
References in this prospectus to Capstone, the
Company, we, us and
our refer to Capstone Turbine Corporation, a
Delaware corporation, unless the context otherwise requires.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on
Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) using a shelf
registration process. Under this shelf process, we may, from
time to time, sell the securities described in this prospectus
in one or more offerings up to an aggregate offering price of
$150,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general
description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell
securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will
contain specific information about the terms of that offering.
The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change
information contained in this prospectus. You should read both
the prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the
additional information described under the heading Where
You Can Find More Information.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus (including the information incorporated by
reference) contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Forward-looking statements include statements concerning, among
other things, our future results of operations, research and
development activities, sales expectations, our ability to
develop markets for our products, sources for parts, federal,
state and local regulations, and general business, industry and
economic conditions applicable to us. When used in this
prospectus, the words estimates,
expects, anticipates,
projects, plans, intends,
believes, should, could,
may and variations of such words or similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements, including, without limitation,
our examination of historical operation trends, are based upon
our current expectations and various assumptions.
There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause
our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus. Factors that could
cause our actual results to differ materially from the
forward-looking statements include:
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Our operating history is characterized by net losses, and we
anticipate further losses and may never become profitable; |
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A sustainable market for microturbines may never develop or may
take longer to develop than we anticipate, which would adversely
affect our revenues and profitability; |
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We operate in a highly competitive market among competitors who
have significantly greater resources than we have and we may not
be able to compete effectively; |
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If we do not effectively implement our sales, marketing and
service plans, our sales will not grow and our profitability
will suffer; |
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We may not be able to retain or develop distributors in our
targeted markets, in which case our sales would not increase as
expected; |
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Over the past year, our largest customers performance as
it relates to engineering, installation and provision of
aftermarket services has been below our standards, and, if not
rectified, could have a significant impact on our reputation and
products; if this relationship is terminated, our near-term
sales, cash flow and profitability could be adversely affected; |
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Our largest customer, while important to us, has not and may not
achieve its forecasted sales growth, which could affect our
ability to meet our sales, cash flow and profitability targets; |
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We may not be able to develop sufficiently trained applications
engineering, installation and service support to serve our
targeted markets; |
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Changes in our product components may require us to replace
parts held at distributors and Authorized Service Companies; |
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We operate in a highly regulated business environment and
changes in regulation could impose costs on us or make our
products less economical, thereby affecting demand for our
microturbines; |
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Utility companies or governmental entities could place barriers
to our entry into the marketplace and we may not be able to
effectively sell our product; |
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Product quality expectations may not be met, causing slower
market acceptance or warranty cost exposure; |
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We depend upon the development of new products and enhancements
of existing products; |
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Operational restructuring may result in asset impairment or
other unanticipated charges; |
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We may not achieve production cost reductions necessary to
competitively price our product, which would impair our sales; |
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Commodity market factors impact our costs and availability of
materials; |
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Our suppliers may not supply us with a sufficient amount of
components or components of adequate quality, and we may not be
able to produce our product; |
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Our products involve a lengthy sales cycle and we may not
anticipate sales levels appropriately, which could impair our
potential profitability; |
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Potential intellectual property, stockholder or other litigation
may adversely impact our business; |
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We may be unable to fund our future operating requirements,
which could force us to curtail our operations; |
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We may not be able to effectively manage our growth, expand our
production capabilities or improve our operational, financial
and management information systems, which would impair our sales
and profitability; |
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Our success depends in significant part upon the service of
management and key employees; |
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We cannot be certain of the future effectiveness of our internal
controls over financial reporting or the impact thereof on our
operations or the market price of our common stock; |
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Our business is especially subject to the risk of
earthquake; and |
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We face potentially significant fluctuations in operating
results, and the market price of our common stock is highly
volatile and may change regardless of our operating performance. |
We caution you that these factors, as well as the risk factors
included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any
prospectus supplement, may not be exhaustive. Our actual
results, performance or achievements could differ materially
from the results expressed in, or implied by, these
forward-looking statements. We operate in a continually changing
business environment, and new risk factors emerge from time to
time. We cannot predict such new risk factors, nor can we assess
the impact, if any, of such new risk factors on our businesses
or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may
cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed
or implied by any forward-looking statements. You are advised to
review any further disclosures we make on related subjects in
reports we file with the SEC. All forward-looking statements
attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf apply only as
of the date of this prospectus and are expressly qualified in
their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this
prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or
revise forward-looking statements, which may be made to reflect
events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the
occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by
applicable securities laws.
THE COMPANY
We develop, manufacture, market and service microturbine
technology solutions for use in stationary distributed power
generation applications, such as cogeneration (combined heat and
power and combined
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cooling, heat and power), resource recovery, power reliability
and remote power. In addition, our microturbines can be used as
generators for hybrid electric vehicle applications.
Microturbines allow customers to produce power on-site. There
are several technologies which are used to provide on-site
power generation, also called distributed
generation such as reciprocating engines, solar power,
wind powered systems and fuel cells. For customers who do not
have access to the electric utility grid, microturbines can
provide clean, on-site power with lower scheduled maintenance
intervals and greater fuel flexibility than competing
technologies. For customers with access to the electric grid,
microturbines can provide an additional source of continuous
duty power, thereby providing additional reliability and in some
instances, cost savings. With our stand-alone feature, customers
can produce their own energy in the event of a power outage and
can use the microturbines as their primary source of power for
extended periods. Because our microturbines also produce clean,
usable heat energy, they can provide economic advantages to
customers who can benefit from the use of hot water, air
conditioning and direct hot air.
Our principal executive offices are located at 21211 Nordhoff
Street, Chatsworth, California 91311; our telephone number at
that address is: (818) 734-5300. Our web site address is
www.capstoneturbine.com. Information on our web site
is not part of this prospectus.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we indicate otherwise in an accompanying prospectus
supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of
the securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate
purposes, which may include, but are not limited to, working
capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and repurchases or
redemptions of securities. When particular series of securities
are offered, a prospectus supplement related to that offering
will set forth our intended use of the net proceeds received
from the sale of those securities. We will have significant
discretion in the use of any net proceeds. The net proceeds may
be invested temporarily in short-term marketable securities or
applied to repay indebtedness outstanding at that time until
they are used for their stated purpose.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table sets forth our consolidated ratio of
earnings to fixed charges for the periods indicated:
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Ratio of earnings to fixed
charges(1)
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
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N/A |
(1) |
Ratio of combined fixed charges and
preference dividends to earnings
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N/A |
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N/A |
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N/A |
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N/A |
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N/A |
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N/A |
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N/A |
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(1) |
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and
2002, the three months ended March 31, 2003, the fiscal
years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005 and the three months
ended June 30, 2005, our earnings were inadequate to cover
fixed charges. The coverage deficiencies were $31,868,000,
$46,859,000, $74,355,000, $7,635,000, $47,739,000, $39,451,000,
and $10,865,000, respectively. |
For purposes of calculating the ratios of earnings to fixed
charges, (i) fixed charges consist of interest expensed and
capitalized, amortized premiums, discounts and capitalized
expenses related to indebtedness, and an estimate of the
interest within rental expense; and (ii) earnings consist
of pre-tax loss from operations and fixed charges (excluding
capitalized interest).
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY SELL
We, directly or through agents, dealers or underwriters that we
may designate, may offer and sell, from time to time, up to
$150,000,000 (or the equivalent in one or more foreign currency
units) aggregate initial offering price of:
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shares of our common stock; |
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warrants to purchase shares of our common stock; |
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shares of our preferred stock; |
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debt securities, which may be senior debt securities or
subordinated debt securities; or |
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any combination of these securities, individually or as units. |
We may offer and sell these securities either separately or
together as units consisting of one or more of these securities,
each on terms to be determined at the time of the offering. We
may issue debt securities and/or preferred stock that are
exchangeable for and/or convertible into common stock or any of
the other securities that may be sold under this prospectus.
When particular securities are offered, a supplement to this
prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will
describe the terms of the offering and sale of the offered
securities.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 415,000,000 shares
of common stock, $0.001 par value. As of August 31,
2005, there were 85,268,726 shares of our common stock
outstanding.
This section summarizes the general terms of the common stock
that we may offer. A prospectus supplement relating to the
common stock offered will state the number of shares offered,
the initial offering price and the market price, dividend
information and any other relevant information. The summaries in
this section and the prospectus supplement do not describe every
aspect of the common stock. When evaluating the common stock,
you should also refer to our second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws
and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
(DGCL). Our second amended and restated certificate
of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are
incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
Terms of the Common Stock
The holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably,
from funds legally available for the payment thereof, dividends
when and as declared by resolution of our board of directors,
subject to any preferential dividend rights granted to the
holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock. We
currently intend to retain any earnings if and when we become
profitable for use in our business and, therefore, we do not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital
stock. In the future, the decision to pay any cash dividends
will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition
and capital expenditure plans, as well as such other factors as
our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may consider
relevant. In the event of our liquidation or dissolution,
holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in all
assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the
liquidation preference of any outstanding series of preferred
stock. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote
for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote
of the stockholders. Cumulative voting for directors is not
permitted, which means the holder or holders of more than
one-half of the shares voting for the election of directors can
elect all of the directors then being elected. Our board of
directors is not divided into classes. Our second amended and
restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws contain no provisions that would require greater than a
majority of stockholders to approve mergers, consolidations,
sales of a substantial amount of assets, or other similar
transactions. Our common stockholders do not have preemptive
rights to purchase shares of our common stock. The issued and
outstanding shares of our common stock are not subject to any
redemption provisions and are not
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convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. All
outstanding shares of our common stock are, and any shares of
common stock issued will be, upon payment therefor, fully paid
and nonassessable, which means that holders of our common stock
will have paid their purchase price in full and we may not
require them to pay additional funds. The rights, preferences
and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to
those of the holders of any preferred stock that we may issue in
the future.
Anti-Takeover Considerations and Special Provisions of
Delaware Law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws
On July 7, 2005, we entered into a rights agreement with
Mellon Investor Services LLC, as rights agent. In connection
with the rights agreement, our board of directors authorized and
declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase
right for each share of our common stock authorized and
outstanding at the close of business on July 18, 2005. Each
right entitles the registered holder to purchase from us a unit
consisting of one one-hundredth of a share of Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per
share, at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit, subject to
adjustment. The description and terms of the rights are set
forth in the rights agreement. Initially, the rights will be
attached to all common stock certificates representing shares
then outstanding, and no separate rights certificates will be
distributed. Subject to certain exceptions specified in the
rights agreement, the rights will separate from the common stock
and will be exercisable upon the earlier of
(i) 10 days following a public announcement that a
person or group of affiliated or associated persons has
acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership
of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock, other
than as a result of repurchases of stock by the Company or
certain inadvertent actions by institutional or certain other
stockholders, or (ii) 10 days (or such later date as
our board of directors shall determine) following the
commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer (other than
certain permitted offers described in the rights agreement) that
would result in a person or group beneficially owning 15% or
more of the outstanding shares of our common stock. The rights
expire on July 18, 2015, unless such date is extended or
the rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by us. The rights
are intended to protect our stockholders in the event of an
unfair or coercive offer to acquire the Company. The rights,
however, should not affect any prospective offeror willing to
make an offer at a fair price and otherwise in the best
interests of Capstone and its stockholders, as determined by the
board of directors. The rights should also not interfere with
any merger or other business combination approved by the board
of directors.
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Delaware Anti-Takeover Law |
We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the
DGCL, which regulates corporate takeovers. This section prevents
Delaware corporations, under certain circumstances, from
engaging in a business combination with:
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A stockholder who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting
stock (otherwise known as an interested stockholder); |
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An affiliate of an interested stockholder; or |
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An associate of an interested stockholder, |
for three years following the date that the stockholder became
an interested stockholder.
Section 203 of the DGCL defines business
combination to include:
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Any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the
interested stockholder; |
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Any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more
of the assets of the corporation involving the interested
stockholder; |
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Subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in
the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the
corporation to the interested stockholder; |
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Any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of
increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or
series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested
stockholder; or |
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The receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any
loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits
provided by or through the corporation. |
However, the above provisions of Section 203 do not apply
if:
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Our board of directors approves the transaction that made the
stockholder an interested stockholder, prior to the date of that
transaction; |
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Upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the
stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, that stockholder
owned at least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time
the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining
the voting stock outstanding shares owned by persons who are
directors and also officers; or |
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On or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business
combination is approved by our board of directors and authorized
at a meeting of our stockholders by an affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by
the interested stockholder. |
This statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other change in
control attempts, and thus may discourage attempts to acquire us.
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and
Amended and Restated Bylaws |
A number of provisions of our second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws
concern matters of corporate governance and the rights of our
stockholders. Provisions that grant our board of directors the
ability to issue shares of preferred stock and to set the voting
rights, preferences and other terms thereof may discourage
takeover attempts that are not first approved by our board of
directors, including takeovers that may be considered by some
stockholders to be in their best interests, such as those
attempts that might result in a premium over the market price
for the shares held by stockholders. Certain provisions could
delay or impede the removal of incumbent directors even if such
removal would be beneficial to our stockholders. These
provisions also could discourage or make more difficult a
merger, tender offer or proxy contest, even if they could be
favorable to the interests of stockholders, and could
potentially depress the market price of our common stock. Our
board of directors believes that these provisions are
appropriate to protect our interests and the interests of our
stockholders.
Meetings of and Actions by Stockholders. Our amended and
restated bylaws provide that annual meetings of our stockholders
may take place at the time and place designated by our board of
directors. A special meeting of our stockholders may be called
at any time by the chairman of the board of directors, or by a
majority of the directors or by a committee of the board of
directors that has been granted the power to call such meetings.
Stockholders may take action only at a regular or special
meeting of stockholders and not by written consent without a
meeting.
Cumulative Voting. Our amended and restated bylaws
expressly deny stockholders the right to cumulative voting in
the election of directors.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and
Director Nominations. Our amended and restated bylaws
provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before an
annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for
election as directors at an annual meeting of stockholders must
provide timely notice in writing. To be timely, a
stockholders notice must be delivered to our principal
executive offices not less than 120 days prior to the first
anniversary of the date Capstones proxy statement was
released to security holders in connection with the preceding
years annual meeting. If no annual meeting was held in the
previous year or the date of the annual meeting has been changed
by more than 30 days from the date contemplated at the time
of the previous years proxy statement, notice by the
stockholder in order to be timely must be received by Capstone
no later than the close of business on the tenth day following
the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
public announcement of the date the meeting was made, whichever
comes first. Our amended and restated bylaws also specify
requirements as to the form and
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content of a stockholders notice. These provisions may
preclude stockholders from bringing matters before an annual
meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors
at an annual meeting of stockholders.
Filling of Board Vacancies. Our second amended and
restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and
restated bylaws provide that vacancies in the board of directors
may be filled until the next annual meeting of stockholders by a
majority of the directors remaining in office, even though that
number may be less than a quorum of the board of directors, or
by a sole remaining director.
Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation. Our second
amended and restated certificate of incorporation may be
amended, altered, changed or repealed in the manner prescribed
by the DGCL. However, no amendment, alteration, change or repeal
may be made with respect to Article V (amendment of the
bylaws by the stockholders), Article VI (number of
directors), Article VII (term of office of directors after
an increase or decrease in the number of directors),
Article IX (action by stockholders), Article X
(calling of special meetings of the stockholders) or
Article XI (amending the second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation) without the affirmative vote of
the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent
(662/3%)
of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, voting
together as a single class.
Amendment of the Bylaws. Our amended and restated bylaws
may be rescinded, altered, amended or repealed, and new bylaws
may be made (i) by the board of directors, by vote of a
majority of the number of directors then in office as directors,
acting at any meeting of the board of directors, or (ii) by
the stockholders, by the affirmative vote of the holders of
sixty-six and two-thirds percent
(662/3%)
of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, voting
together as a single class, at any annual or special meeting of
stockholders, provided that notice of such proposed amendment,
modification, repeal or adoption is given in the notice of the
annual or special meeting. The bylaws can only be amended if
such amendment would not conflict with the certificate of
incorporation. Any bylaw made or altered by the requisite number
of stockholders may be altered or repealed by the board of
directors or by the requisite number of stockholders.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and
Directors
We have adopted provisions in our second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws
which require us, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL,
to indemnify all directors and officers of Capstone against any
liability and to advance indemnification expenses on behalf of
all directors and officers of Capstone. In addition, our amended
and restated bylaws provide that we may, at the discretion of
the board of directors, indemnify any person who is a party to
any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding
or threatened to be made such a party by reason of the fact that
such person is or was an employee or agent of Capstone or is or
was serving at Capstones request as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise. To the full extent permitted
by law, the indemnification provided under the amended and
restated bylaws shall include expenses (including
attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement, and, in the manner provided by law, any such
expenses may be paid by Capstone in advance of the final
disposition of such action, suit or proceeding. The
indemnification provided under the amended and restated bylaws
shall not be deemed to limit our right to indemnify any other
person for any such expenses to the full extent permitted by
law, nor shall it be deemed exclusive of any other rights to
which any person seeking indemnification from Capstone may be
entitled under any agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office.
The second amended and restated certificate of incorporation
further requires us to limit, to the fullest extent permitted by
the DGCL, the liability for monetary damages of directors of
Capstone for actions or inactions taken by them as directors.
Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated bylaws also empower us, to the fullest
extent permitted by the DGCL, to purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of any such person against any liability which may be
asserted.
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in
our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from
bringing a lawsuit
7
against directors for breaches of their fiduciary duty. They may
also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative
litigation against directors and officers, even though an action
of this kind, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our
stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholders investment may
be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of
settlement and damage awards against directors and officers
pursuant to these indemnification provisions. However, we
believe that these indemnification provisions are necessary to
attract and retain qualified directors and officers.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Mellon Investor Services LLC is the transfer agent and registrar
for our common stock.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK WARRANTS
We may issue common stock warrants for the purchase of common
stock. Common stock warrants may be issued independently or
together with any other securities pursuant to any prospectus
supplement and may be attached to or separate from such
securities. Each series of common stock warrants will be issued
under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us
and the warrant recipient or, if the recipients are numerous, a
warrant agent identified in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The warrant agent, if engaged, will act solely as
our agent in connection with the common stock warrants of such
series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of
agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of
common stock warrants. Further terms of the common stock
warrants and the applicable warrant agreements will be set forth
in the prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of
any common stock warrants in respect of which this prospectus is
being delivered, including, where applicable, the following:
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the title of such common stock warrants; |
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the aggregate number of such common stock warrants; |
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the price or prices at which such common stock warrants will be
issued; |
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the designation, number and terms of the shares of common stock
purchasable upon exercise of such common stock warrants; |
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the date, if any, on and after which such common stock warrants
and the related common stock will be separately transferable; |
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the price at which each share of common stock purchasable upon
exercise of such common stock warrants may be purchased; |
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the minimum or maximum amount of such common stock warrants that
may be exercised at any one time; |
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any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of shares
of common stock receivable upon exercise of the common stock
warrants or the exercise price of the common stock warrants; |
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the dates or periods during which the common stock warrants are
exercisable; |
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the designation and terms of any securities with which the
common stock warrants are issued; |
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the rights, if any, we have to redeem the common stock warrants; |
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if the exercise price is not payable in U.S. dollars, the
foreign currency, currency unit or composite currency in which
the exercise price is denominated; |
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any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the
transferability, exchange or exercise of the common stock
warrants; |
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the name of the warrant agent; |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; |
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a discussion of certain federal income tax considerations
applicable to the common stock warrants; and |
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any other material terms of such common stock warrants. |
Each common stock warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to
purchase the amount of common stock, at the exercise price
stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the
common stock warrants. Common stock warrants may be exercised at
any time up to the close of business on the expiration date
shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise
specified in such prospectus supplement. After the close of
business on the expiration date, unexercised common stock
warrants will become void. Common stock warrants may be
exercised as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes
and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office
of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in a
prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the
shares of common stock that the warrant holder has purchased. If
the warrant holder exercises the common stock warrant for less
than all of the common stock warrants represented by the warrant
certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the
remaining common stock warrants.
You should review the section captioned Description of
Common Stock for a general description of the common stock
that may be issued upon the exercise of the common stock
warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
General
We are authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, and no shares of preferred stock are currently issued and
outstanding. Our preferred stock may be issued from time to
time, in one or more series, each series to be appropriately
designated by a distinguishing letter or title, prior to the
issue of any shares of preferred stock.
The following description of preferred stock sets forth some of
the general terms and provisions of the preferred stock that may
be specified in any prospectus supplement. Certain other terms
of any series of preferred stock (which terms may be different
than those stated below) will be described in the prospectus
supplement to which such series relates. The statements below
describing the preferred stock are in all respects subject to
and qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable
provisions of the prospectus supplement, our second amended and
restated certificate of incorporation (including the amendment
describing the designations, rights, and preferences of each
series of preferred stock) and amended and restated bylaws.
Subject to limitations prescribed by the DGCL and our second
amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of
directors is authorized to fix or alter the dividend rights,
dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and
terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions, if any),
the redemption price or prices, the liquidation preferences, any
other designations, preferences and relative, participating,
optional or other special rights, and any qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of any series of preferred stock,
and the number of shares constituting any such series and the
designation thereof. The preferred stock will, when issued, be
fully paid and nonassessable and will have no preemptive rights.
The applicable prospectus supplement will contain the specific
terms relating to the preferred stock being offered, including:
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the title and stated value of such preferred stock; |
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the number of shares of such preferred stock offered, the
liquidation preference per share and the offering price of such
preferred stock; |
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the dividend rate or rate(s), period(s) or method of calculating
the rates and the dates on which dividends will be payable; |
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whether dividends will be cumulative or noncumulative, and, if
cumulative, the date from which dividends on such preferred
stock shall accumulate, if applicable; |
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the provision for a sinking fund, if any, and the provisions for
redemption, if applicable, of such preferred stock; |
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any listing of such preferred stock on any securities exchange; |
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such
preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock,
including the conversion price (or manner of calculating the
conversion price) and the conversion period; |
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the
preferred stock being offered will be exchangeable for debt
securities, including the exchange price, or the manner of
calculating the exchange price, and the exchange period; |
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the voting rights, if any, of the holders of shares of the
preferred stock being offered; |
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a discussion of certain federal income tax considerations
applicable to such preferred stock; |
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the relative ranking and preferences of such preferred stock as
to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution
or winding up of affairs; |
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any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred
stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such series of
preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of affairs; |
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any limitations on our ability to take certain actions without
the consent of a specified number of holders of preferred
stock; and |
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any other additional material terms, preferences, rights,
qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferred
stock. |
Ranking
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the
preferred stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights
upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, rank:
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senior to all existing and future classes or series of common
stock, and to all equity securities and any future series of
preferred stock ranking junior to such preferred stock; |
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on a parity with all equity securities the terms of which
specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a
parity with the preferred stock; and |
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junior to all equity securities the terms of which specifically
provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred
stock. |
Dividends
Holders of preferred stock of each series shall be entitled to
receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, out
of our assets legally available for payment, cash dividends (or
dividends in additional shares of preferred stock or in other
property if expressly permitted and described in the applicable
prospectus supplement) at the rates and on the dates set forth
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Dividend rates may be
fixed or variable or both. Different series of preferred stock
may be entitled to dividends at different dividend rates or
based upon different methods of determination. Each dividend
shall be payable to holders of record as they appear on our
stock transfer books on such record dates as shall be fixed by
the board of directors.
Dividends on any series of preferred stock may be cumulative or
non-cumulative, as provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Dividends, if cumulative, will be cumulative from
and after the date set forth in the prospectus supplement. If
the board of directors fails to declare a dividend payable on a
dividend
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payment date on any series of preferred stock for which
dividends are non-cumulative, then the holders of such series of
preferred stock will have no right to receive a dividend in
respect of the dividend period ending on such dividend payment
date, and we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued
for such period, whether or not dividends on such series are
declared payable on any future dividend payment date.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement, if any, preferred stock of any series is
outstanding, no full dividends shall be declared or paid or set
apart for payment on the preferred stock of any other series
ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the
preferred stock of such series for any period unless full
dividends (which include all unpaid dividends in the case of
cumulative dividend preferred stock) have been or
contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum
sufficient for the payment thereof set apart for such payment on
the preferred stock of such series.
When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for
such full payment is not so set apart) upon the preferred stock
of any series and the shares of any other series of preferred
stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the preferred
stock of such series, all dividends declared upon shares of
preferred stock of such series and any other series of preferred
stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with such preferred
stock shall be declared pro rata among the holders of such
series, so that the amount of dividends declared per share on
that series of preferred stock and on each other series of
preferred stock having the same rank as that series of preferred
stock will bear the same ratio to each other that accrued
dividends per share on that series of preferred stock and the
other series of preferred stock bear to each other. No interest,
or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect
of any dividend payment or payments on preferred stock of such
series which may be in arrears.
Until required dividends are paid, no dividends (other than in
common stock or other capital stock ranking junior to the
preferred stock of such series as to dividends and upon
liquidation) shall be declared or paid or set aside for payment
or other distribution shall be declared or made upon the common
stock or any other capital stock ranking junior to or on a
parity with the preferred stock of such series as to dividends
or upon liquidation shall be redeemed, purchased or otherwise
acquired for any consideration (or any moneys be paid to or made
available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any shares of
any such stock) by us (except by conversion into or exchange for
other capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock of
such series as to dividends and upon liquidation).
Any dividend payment made of a series of preferred stock shall
first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid
dividend due with respect to shares of preferred stock of such
series which remains payable.
Redemption
If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, any
series of preferred stock may be subject to mandatory redemption
or redemption at our option, as a whole or in part, in each case
upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set
forth in such prospectus supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred
stock that is subject to redemption will specify the number of
shares of such preferred stock that we shall redeem in each year
commencing after a date to be specified, at a redemption price
per share to be specified, together with an amount equal to all
accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (which shall not, if such
preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend, include any
accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend
periods) to the date of redemption. We may pay the redemption
price in cash, stock or other securities of third parties, or
other property, as specified in the prospectus supplement. If
the redemption price for preferred stock of any series is
payable only from the net proceeds of our issuance of capital
stock, the terms of such preferred stock may provide that, if no
such capital stock shall have been issued or to the extent the
net proceeds from any issuance are insufficient to pay in full
the aggregate redemption price then due, such preferred stock
shall automatically be converted into shares of the applicable
capital stock pursuant to conversion provisions specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
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So long as any dividends on any series of preferred stock
ranking on a parity as to dividends and distributions of assets
with such series of the preferred stock are in arrears, no
shares of any such series of the preferred stock will be
redeemed (whether by mandatory or optional redemption) unless
all such shares are simultaneously redeemed, and we will not
purchase or otherwise acquire any such shares. Unless the full
cumulative dividends on all outstanding shares of any cumulative
preferred stock of such series and any other stock of Capstone
ranking on a parity with such series as to dividends and upon
liquidation shall have been paid or contemporaneously are
declared and paid for all past dividend periods, we shall not
purchase or otherwise acquire directly or indirectly any
preferred stock of such series (except by conversion into or
exchange for stock ranking junior to the preferred stock of such
series as to dividends and upon liquidation). However, this will
not prevent the purchase or acquisition of such preferred stock
pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms
to holders of all outstanding shares of preferred stock of such
series.
If we are to redeem fewer than all of the outstanding preferred
stock of any series, whether by mandatory or optional
redemption, our board of directors will determine the number of
shares to be redeemed and the method for selecting shares to be
redeemed, which may be by lot or pro rata from the holders of
record of such shares in proportion to the number of such shares
held by such holders (with adjustments to avoid redemption of
fractional shares) or any other equitable method determined by
us that will not result in the issuance of any excess shares.
We will mail a notice of redemption at least 30 days but
not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each
holder of record of preferred stock of any series to be
redeemed. If notice of redemption of any preferred stock has
been given and we have set aside the funds necessary for such
redemption in trust for the benefit of the holders of any
preferred stock so called for redemption, then from and after
the redemption date, dividends will cease to accrue on shares of
preferred stock called for redemption, such preferred stock
shall no longer be deemed outstanding and all rights of the
holders of such shares will terminate, except the right to
receive the redemption price (without interest).
Liquidation Preference
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our affairs, after distributions or payment to
holders of any equity securities ranking senior to such series
of preferred stock, before any distribution or payment shall be
made to the holders of common stock, or any other class or
series of our capital stock ranking junior to a series of the
preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon any
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of such
series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive out of our
assets legally available for distribution to stockholders
liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation
preference per share (set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement), plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and
unpaid thereon (which shall not include any accumulation in
respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if such
preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend). After
payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to
which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will
have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. In the
event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, our legally available assets are
insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions
on all outstanding preferred stock and the corresponding amounts
payable on all shares of other classes or series of capital
stock ranking on a parity with the preferred stock in the
distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding
up, then the holders of the preferred stock and all other such
classes or series of capital stock shall share ratably in any
such distribution of assets in proportion to the full
liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be
respectively entitled.
If liquidating distributions have been made in full to all
holders of preferred stock, our remaining assets shall be
distributed among the holders of any other classes or series of
capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, according to their
respective rights and preferences and in each case according to
their respective number of shares. After the holders of each
series of preferred stock having the same rank are paid in full,
they will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets.
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Voting Rights
Holders of preferred stock may have voting rights as are set
forth below or as otherwise from time to time required by law or
as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, if we
issue full shares of any series of preferred stock, each share
will be entitled to one vote on matters on which holders of that
series of preferred stock are entitled to vote. The voting power
of that series will depend on the number of shares in that
series of preferred stock and not on the aggregate liquidation
preference or initial offering price of the shares of that
series. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement,
holders of our preferred stock do not vote on matters submitted
for a vote of our common shareholders.
Any series of preferred stock may provide that, so long as any
shares of such series remain outstanding, the holders of such
series may vote as a separate class on certain specified
matters, which may include changes in our capitalization,
amendments to our second amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and mergers and
dispositions. The foregoing voting provisions may not apply if,
at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such
vote would otherwise be required shall be effected, all
outstanding shares of such series of preferred stock shall have
been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice and
sufficient funds shall have been irrevocably deposited in trust
to effect such redemption.
The provisions of a series of preferred stock may provide for
additional rights, remedies, and privileges if dividends on such
series are in arrears for specified periods, which rights and
privileges will be described in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Conversion Rights
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any
series of preferred stock are convertible into common stock will
be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating thereto. Such
terms will include the number of shares of common stock or any
other series of preferred stock or other securities or property
into which the preferred stock is convertible, the conversion
price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period,
provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the
holders of the preferred stock or us, the events requiring an
adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting
conversion in the event of the redemption of such preferred
stock.
Permanent Global Preferred Securities
A series of preferred stock may be issued in whole or in part in
the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited
with a depositary or its nominee identified in the related
prospectus supplement. For most series of preferred stock, the
depositary will be The Depository Trust Company. A global
security may not be transferred except as a whole to the
depositary, a nominee of the depositary or their successors
unless it is exchanged in whole or in part for preferred stock
in individually certificated form. Any additional terms of the
depositary arrangement with respect to any series of preferred
stock and the rights of and limitations on owners of beneficial
interests in a global security representing a series of
preferred stock may be described in the related prospectus
supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue, from time to time, debt securities in one or more
series that will consist of either our senior debt or our
subordinated debt under one or more trust indentures to be
executed by us and a specified trustee. The terms of the debt
securities will include those stated in the indenture and those
made a part of the indenture (before any supplements) by
reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. The indentures
will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. Debt
securities, whether senior or subordinated, may be issued as
convertible debt securities or exchangeable debt securities.
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The following description sets forth certain anticipated general
terms and provisions of the debt securities to which any
prospectus supplement may relate. The particular terms of the
debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement (which
terms may be different than those stated below) and the extent,
if any, to which such general provisions may apply to the debt
securities so offered will be described in the prospectus
supplement relating to such debt securities. Accordingly, for a
description of the terms of a particular issue of debt
securities, investors should review both the prospectus
supplement relating thereto and the following description. Forms
of the senior indenture (as discussed herein) and the
subordinated indenture (as discussed herein) have been filed as
exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part.
General
The debt securities will be our direct obligations and may be
either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities.
The indebtedness represented by subordinated securities will be
subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of
our senior debt (as defined in the applicable indenture). Senior
securities and subordinated securities will be issued pursuant
to separate indentures (respectively, a senior indenture and a
subordinated indenture), in each case between us and a trustee.
Debt securities issued by us will be structurally subordinated
to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries,
except to the extent any such subsidiary guarantees or is
otherwise obligated to make payment on such debt securities.
Except as set forth in the applicable indenture and described in
a prospectus supplement relating thereto, the debt securities
may be issued without limit as to aggregate principal amount, in
one or more series, secured or unsecured, in each case as
established from time to time in or pursuant to authority
granted by a resolution of our board of directors or as
established in the applicable indenture. All debt securities of
one series need not be issued at the time and, unless otherwise
provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the
holders of the debt securities of such series, for issuance of
additional debt securities of such series. The indentures
provide that we may issue debt securities in any currency or
currency unit designated by us. Except for the limitations on
consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of
our assets contained in the indentures, the terms of the
indentures do not contain any covenants or other provisions
designed to afford holders of any debt securities protection
with respect to our operations, financial condition or
transactions involving us.
The prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt
securities being offered will contain the specific terms
thereof, including, without limitation:
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the title of such debt securities and whether such debt
securities are senior securities or subordinated securities and
the terms of any such subordination; |
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the aggregate principal amount of such debt securities and any
limit on such aggregate principal amount; |
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the percentage of the principal amount at which such debt
securities will be issued and, if other than the principal
amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
thereof, or (if applicable) the portion of the principal amount
of such debt securities which is convertible into common stock
or preferred stock, or the method by which any such portion
shall be determined; |
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the date or dates, or the method for determining the date or
dates, on which the principal of such debt securities will be
payable; |
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the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable), or the
method by which the rate or rates shall be determined, at which
such debt securities will bear interest, if any; |
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the date or dates, or the method for determining such date or
dates, from which any interest will accrue, the interest payment
dates on which any such interest will be payable, the regular
record dates for such interest payment dates, or the method by
which any such date shall be determined, the person to whom such
interest shall be payable, and the basis upon which interest
shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of
twelve 30-day months; |
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the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and
the duration of the extensions; |
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the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest, if any, on such debt securities will be payable,
such debt securities may be surrendered for conversion or
registration of transfer or exchange and notices or demands to
or upon us in respect of such debt securities and the applicable
indenture may be served; |
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the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which
and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities may
be redeemed, as a whole or in part, at our option, if we have
such an option; |
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our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase such debt
securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision
or at the option of a holder thereof, and the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and
conditions upon which such debt securities will be redeemed,
repaid or purchased, as a whole or in part, pursuant to such
obligation; |
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if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies in
which such debt securities are denominated and payable, which
may be a foreign currency or units of two or more foreign
currencies or a composite currency or currencies, and the terms
and conditions relating thereto; |
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whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if
any) or interest, if any, on such debt securities may be
determined with reference to an index, formula or other method
(which index, formula or method may, but need not be, based on a
currency, currencies, currency unit or units or composite
currencies) and the manner in which such amounts shall be
determined; |
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any additions to, modifications of or deletions from the terms
of such debt securities with respect to the events of default or
covenants set forth in the indenture; |
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any provisions for collateral security for repayment of such
debt securities; |
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whether such debt securities will be issued in certificated
and/or book-entry form; |
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whether such debt securities will be in registered or bearer
form and, if in registered form, the denominations thereof if
other than $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and, if in
bearer form, the denominations thereof and terms and conditions
relating thereto; |
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whether issued in the form of one or more global securities and
whether all or a portion of the principal amount of the debt
securities is represented thereby; |
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if other than the entire principal amount of the debt securities
when issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon
acceleration of maturity, and the terms and conditions of any
acceleration; |
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if applicable, covenants affording holders of debt protection
with respect to our operations, financial condition or
transactions involving us; |
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the applicability, if any, of defeasance and covenant defeasance
provisions of the applicable indenture; |
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the terms, if any, upon which such debt securities may be
convertible into our common stock or preferred stock and the
terms and conditions upon which such conversion will be
effected, including, without limitation, the initial conversion
price or rate and the conversion period; |
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if convertible, any applicable limitations on the ownership or
transferability of the common stock or preferred stock into
which such debt securities are convertible; |
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whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional
amounts as contemplated in the indenture on such debt securities
in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if
so, whether we will have the option to redeem such debt
securities in lieu of making such payment; and |
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any other material terms of such debt securities. |
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The debt securities may provide for less than the entire
principal amount thereof to be payable upon declaration of
acceleration of the maturity thereof. Special federal income
tax, accounting and other considerations applicable to these
original issue discount securities will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus
supplement will set forth material U.S. federal income tax
considerations for holders of any debt securities and the
securities exchange or quotation system on which any debt
securities are listed or quoted, if any.
The applicable indenture may contain provisions that would limit
our ability to incur indebtedness or that would afford holders
of debt securities protection in the event of a highly leveraged
or similar transaction involving us or in the event of a change
of control.
Senior Debt Securities
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
senior debt securities will rank on a parity with all of our
other senior unsecured and unsubordinated debt.
Subordinated Debt Securities
Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on
subordinated debt securities will be subordinated and junior in
right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our
senior debt. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement relating to any subordinated debt securities the
subordination terms of such securities as well as the aggregate
amount of outstanding indebtedness, as of the most recent
practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the
subordinated debt securities. We will also set forth in such
prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of
additional senior debt.
Merger, Consolidation or Sale
The applicable indenture will provide that we may consolidate
with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of our
assets to, or merge with or into, any other corporation,
provided that:
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either we shall be the continuing corporation, or the successor
corporation (if other than the Company) formed by or resulting
from any such consolidation or merger or which shall have
received the transfer of such assets shall expressly assume
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest
on, all of the applicable debt securities and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and
conditions contained in the applicable indenture; |
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immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
any indebtedness which becomes our obligation or an obligation
of one of our subsidiaries as a result thereof as having been
incurred by us or such subsidiary at the time of such
transaction, no event of default under the applicable indenture,
and no event which, after notice or the lapse of time, or both,
would become such an event of default, shall have occurred and
be continuing; and |
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an officers certificate and legal opinion covering such
conditions shall be delivered to the applicable trustee. |
Covenants
The applicable indenture will contain covenants requiring us to
take certain actions and prohibiting us from taking certain
actions. The covenants with respect to any series of debt
securities will be described in the prospectus supplement
relating thereto.
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Events of Default, Notice and Waiver
Each indenture will describe specific events of
default with respect to any series of debt securities
issued thereunder. Such events of default are likely
to include (with grace and cure periods):
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default in the payment of any installment of interest on any
debt security of such series; |
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default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any, on)
any debt security of such series at its maturity or upon any
redemption, by declaration or otherwise; |
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default in making any required sinking fund payment for any debt
security of such series; |
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default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or
warranty of the Company contained in the applicable indenture
(other than a covenant added to the indenture solely for the
benefit of a series of debt securities issued thereunder other
than such series), continued for a specified period of days
after written notice as provided in the applicable indenture; |
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default in the payment of specified amounts of indebtedness of
the Company or any mortgage, indenture or other instrument under
which such indebtedness is issued or by which such indebtedness
is secured, such default having occurred after the expiration of
any applicable grace period and having resulted in the
acceleration of the maturity of such indebtedness, but only if
such indebtedness is not discharged or such acceleration is not
rescinded or annulled; |
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certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, or
court appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of the
Company or any of our significant subsidiaries or their
property; and |
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any other event of default provided in the applicable resolution
of our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under
which we issue series of debt securities. |
An event of default for a particular series of debt securities
does not necessarily constitute an event of default for any
other series of debt securities issued under the indenture.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, if an event of default under any indenture with
respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding
occurs and is continuing, then the applicable trustee or the
holders of not less than a majority of the principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of that series may declare the
principal amount (or, if the debt securities of that series are
original issue discount securities or indexed securities, such
portion of the principal amounts may be specified in the terms
thereof) of all the debt securities of that series to be due and
payable immediately by written notice thereof to us (and to the
applicable trustee if given by the holders). However, at any
time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities then
outstanding under any indenture, as the case may be) has been
made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money
due has been obtained by the applicable trustee, the holders of
not less than a majority in principal amount of outstanding debt
securities of such series (or of all debt securities then
outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be)
may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:
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we shall have deposited with the applicable trustee all required
payments of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest
on the debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities
then outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may
be), plus certain fees, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the applicable trustee; and |
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all events of default, other than the non-payment of accelerated
principal (or specified portion thereof), with respect to debt
securities of such series (or of all debt securities then
outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be)
have been cured or waived as provided in such indenture. |
If an event of default relating to events of bankruptcy,
insolvency or reorganization of the Company occurs and is
continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt
securities outstanding, and any accrued interest, will
automatically become due and payable immediately, without any
declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder.
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Each indenture also will provide that the holders of not less
than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of any series (or of all debt securities then
outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be)
may waive any past default with respect to such series and its
consequences, except a default:
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in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on any debt security of such series; or |
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in respect of a covenant or provision contained in the
applicable indenture that cannot be modified or amended without
the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security
affected thereby. |
Each trustee will be required to give notice to the holders of
debt securities within 90 days of a default under the
applicable indenture unless such default shall have been cured
or waived; provided, however, that such trustee may withhold
notice to the holders of any series of debt securities of any
default with respect to such series (except a default in the
payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on
any debt security of such series or in the payment of any
sinking fund installment in respect of any debt security of such
series) if specified responsible officers of such trustee
consider such withholding to be in the interest of such holders.
Each indenture will provide that no holders of debt securities
of any series may institute any proceedings, judicial or
otherwise, with respect to such indenture or for any remedy
thereunder, except in the case of failure of the applicable
trustee, for 60 days, to act after it has received a
written request to institute proceedings in respect of an
ranking junior to or on a parity with the preferred stock of
such series as to dividends or upon liquidation. In addition, no
common stock or any other capital stock event of default from
the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of such series, as well as an
offer of indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it. This provision
will not prevent, however, any holder of debt securities from
instituting suit for the enforcement of payment of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities at
the respective due dates thereof.
Each indenture provides that in case an event of default shall
occur and be known to any trustee and not be cured, the trustee
must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would use
in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the
trustees power. Subject to provisions in each indenture
relating to its duties in case of default, no trustee will be
under any obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers
under an indenture at the request or direction of any holders of
any series of debt securities then outstanding under such
indenture, unless such holders shall have offered to the trustee
thereunder reasonable security or indemnity. The holders of not
less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of any series (or of all debt securities then
outstanding under an indenture, as the case may be) shall have
the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the applicable trustee,
or of exercising any trust or power conferred upon such trustee.
However, a trustee may refuse to follow any direction which is
in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture, which may
involve such trustee in personal liability or which may be
unduly prejudicial to the holders of debt securities of such
series not joining therein.
Within 120 days after the close of each fiscal year, we
will be required to deliver to each trustee a certificate,
signed by one of several specified officers, stating whether or
not such officer has knowledge of any default under the
applicable indenture and, if so, specifying each such default
and the nature and status thereof.
Modification of the Indenture
Each indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into
supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of
debt securities to:
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secure any debt securities; |
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evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our
obligations; |
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add covenants for the protection of the holders of debt
securities; |
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cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in the indenture; |
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establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any
series; and |
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evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a
successor trustee. |
It is anticipated that modifications and amendments of an
indenture may be made by us and the trustee, with the consent of
the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
each series of the outstanding debt securities issued under the
indenture that are affected by the modification or amendment,
provided that no such modification or amendment may, without the
consent of each holder of such debt securities affected thereby:
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change the stated maturity date of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or any installment of interest, if any, on any such debt
security; |
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reduce the principal amount of (or premium, if any) or the
interest, if any, on any such debt security or the principal
amount due upon acceleration of an original issue discount
security; |
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change the time or place or currency of payment of principal of
(or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any such debt
security; |
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impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any
such payment on or with respect to any such debt security; |
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reduce any amount payable on redemption; |
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modify any of the subordination provisions or the definition of
senior indebtedness applicable to any subordinated debt
securities in a manner adverse to the holders of those
securities; |
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reduce the above-stated percentage of holders of debt securities
necessary to modify or amend the indenture; or |
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modify the foregoing requirements or reduce the percentage of
outstanding debt securities necessary to waive compliance with
certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain
defaults. |
A record date may be set for any act of the holders with respect
to consenting to any amendment. The holders of not less than a
majority in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of
each series affected thereby will have the right to waive our
compliance with certain covenants in such indenture. Each
indenture will contain provisions for convening meetings of the
holders of debt securities of a series to take permitted action.
A prospectus supplement may set forth modifications or additions
to these provisions with respect to a particular series of debt
securities.
Conversion or Exchange Rights
A prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on
which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or
exchangeable for our common stock, preferred stock or other
securities. These terms will also include provisions as to
whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of
the holder or at our option. Such provisions will also include
the conversion or exchange price (or manner or calculation
thereof), the conversion or exchange period, the events
requiring an adjustment of the conversion or exchange price, and
provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of the
redemption of such series of debt securities.
Registered Global Securities
We may issue the debt securities of a series in whole or in part
in the form of one or more fully registered global securities
that we will deposit with a depositary or with a nominee for a
depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement
and registered in the name of such depositary or nominee. In
such case, we will issue one or more registered global
securities denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate
principal
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amount of all of the debt securities of the series to be issued
and represented by such registered global security or securities.
Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt
securities in definitive registered form, a registered global
security may not be transferred except as a whole:
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by the depositary for such registered global security to its
nominee; |
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by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another
nominee of the depositary; or |
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by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the
depositary or a nominee of the successor. |
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt
securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary
arrangement with respect to any portion of such series
represented by a registered global security. We anticipate that
the following provisions will apply to all depositary
arrangements for debt securities:
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ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global
security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the
depositary for the registered global security, those persons
being referred to as participants, or persons that
may hold interests through participants; |
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upon the issuance of a registered global security, the
depositary for the registered global security will credit, on
its book-entry registration and transfer system, the
participants accounts with the respective principal
amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered
global security beneficially owned by the participants; |
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any dealers, underwriters, or agents participating in the
distribution of the debt securities will designate the accounts
to be credited; and |
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ownership of any beneficial interest in the registered global
security will be shown on, and the transfer of any ownership
interest will be effected only through, records maintained by
the depositary for the registered global security (with respect
to interests of participants) and on the records of participants
(with respect to interests of persons holding through
participants). |
The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of the securities in
definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those
persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in
registered global securities.
So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or
its nominee, is the registered owner of the registered global
security, the depositary or the nominee, as the case may be,
will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt
securities represented by the registered global security for all
purposes under the indenture. Except as set forth below, owners
of beneficial interests in a registered global security:
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will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by
a registered global security registered in their names; |
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will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of
the debt securities in the definitive form; and |
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will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt
securities under the indenture. |
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a
registered global security must rely on the procedures of the
depositary for the registered global security and, if the person
is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through
which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a
holder under the indenture.
We understand that under existing industry practices, if we
request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial
interest in a registered global security desires to give or take
any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the
indenture, the depositary for the registered global security
would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial
interests to give or take the action, and those participants
would authorize beneficial owners owning through those
participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act
upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
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We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and
interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered
global security registered in the name of a depositary or its
nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as
the registered owners of the registered global security. None of
the Company, the trustee or any other agent of the Company or
the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the
records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial
ownership interests in the registered global security or for
maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to
the beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any debt securities
represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any
payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any,
in respect of the registered global security, will immediately
credit participants accounts with payments in amounts
proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the
registered global security as shown on the records of the
depositary. We also expect that standing customer instructions
and customary practices will govern payments by participants to
owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security
held through the participants, as is now the case with the
securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or
registered in street name. We also expect that any
of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.
If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a
registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to
continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible
successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible
successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt
securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered
global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole
discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a
series represented by one or more registered global securities.
In such event, we will issue debt securities of that series in a
definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global
securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will
register any debt securities issued in definitive form in
exchange for a registered global security in such name or names
as the depositary, based upon instructions from its
participants, shall instruct the trustee.
We may also issue bearer debt securities of a series in the form
of one or more global securities, referred to as bearer
global securities. We will deposit these bearer global
securities with a common depositary for Euroclear System and
Clearstream Bank Luxembourg, Societe Anonyme, or with a nominee
for the depositary identified in the prospectus supplement
relating to that series. The prospectus supplement relating to a
series of debt securities represented by a bearer global
security will describe the specific terms and procedures,
including the specific terms of the depositary arrangement and
any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in
definitive form in exchange for a bearer global security, with
respect to the position of the series represented by a bearer
global security.
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
We can discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture
as set forth below. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement, the subordination provisions applicable
to any subordinated debt securities will be expressly subject to
the discharge and defeasance provisions of the indenture.
We may discharge some of our obligations to holders of any
series of debt securities that have not already been delivered
to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due
and payable or are by their terms to become due and payable
within one year (or are scheduled for redemption within one
year). We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with
the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust
funds, in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay when due,
whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal
of, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities and any
mandatory sinking fund payments.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations
to holders of any series of debt securities at any time
(defeasance). We also may be released from the
obligations imposed by any covenants of any outstanding series
of debt securities and provisions of the indenture, and we may
omit to comply with those covenants without creating an event of
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default (covenant defeasance). We may effect
defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:
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we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or
U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount
certified to be sufficient to pay at maturity (or upon
redemption) the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all
outstanding debt securities of the series; and |
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we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a
nationally recognized law firm to the effect that the holders of
the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or
loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of
the defeasance or covenant defeasance and that defeasance or
covenant defeasance will not otherwise alter the holders
U.S. federal income tax treatment of principal, premium, if
any, and interest payments on the series of debt securities,
which opinion, in the case of legal defeasance, must be based on
a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued, or a change in
U.S. federal income tax law. |
Although we may discharge or defease our obligations under the
indenture as described in the two preceding paragraphs, we may
not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer
or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any
temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt
securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any
series of debt securities.
Redemption of Securities
Debt securities may also be subject to optional or mandatory
redemption on terms and conditions described in the applicable
prospectus supplement.
From and after notice has been given as provided in the
applicable indenture, if funds for the redemption of any debt
securities called for redemption shall have been made available
on such redemption date, such debt securities will cease to bear
interest on the date fixed for such redemption specified in such
notice, and the only right of the holders of the debt securities
will be to receive payment of the redemption price.
Notices
Holders of our debt securities will receive notices by mail at
their addresses as they appear in the security register.
Title
We may treat the person in whose name a debt security is
registered on the applicable record date as the owner of the
debt security for all purposes, whether or not it is overdue.
Governing Law
New York law will govern the indentures and the debt securities,
without regard to its conflicts of law principles.
Concerning the Trustee
Each indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee
under the indenture, each with respect to one or more series of
debt securities. If there are different trustees for different
series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a
trust under the indenture separate and apart from the trust
administered by any other trustee under the indenture. Except as
otherwise indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be
taken by such trustee only with respect to the one or more
series of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the
indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be
removed with respect to one or more series of debt securities.
All payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on,
and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication and
delivery (including authentication and delivery on original
issuance of the debt securities) of, the debt
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securities of a series will be effected by the trustee with
respect to that series at an office designated by the trustee in
New York, New York.
Each indenture contains limitations on the right of the trustee,
should it become a creditor of the Company, to obtain payment of
claims in some cases or to realize on certain property received
in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The
trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any
conflicting interest relating to any duties with respect to the
debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or
resign as trustee.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities to one or more underwriters for
public offering and sale by them, through agents or dealers,
directly to purchasers or through a combination of any of the
methods of sale. Any underwriter, agent or dealer involved in
the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the
applicable prospectus supplement. The distribution of securities
may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at
a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or from time to
time at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices
related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
We may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our
agents to offer and sell the securities upon the terms and
conditions set forth in any prospectus supplement. In connection
with the sale of the securities, underwriters may be deemed to
have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting
discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from
purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent. Any
underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents
in connection with the offering of the securities, and any
discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to
participating dealers, will be set forth in an applicable
prospectus supplement. If a dealer is utilized in the sale of
the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered,
we may sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The
dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying
prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.
Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the
distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters
under the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions
received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of
the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts,
concessions and commissions under the Securities Act.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled under
agreements with us to indemnification against and contribution
toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under
the Securities Act, and to reimbursement by us for certain
expenses.
If so indicated in an applicable prospectus supplement, we may
authorize dealers acting as our agents to solicit offers by
institutions to purchase the securities from us at the public
offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant
to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery
on the date or dates stated in the prospectus supplement. Each
delayed delivery contract will be for an amount not less than,
and the aggregate principal amount or offering price of the
securities sold pursuant to delayed delivery contracts will not
be less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the
prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom delayed delivery
contracts, when authorized, may be entered into include
commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension
funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions and other institutions, but will in all cases be
subject to approval by us. Contracts will not be subject to any
conditions except (1) the purchase by an institution of the
securities covered by its contracts will not at the time of
delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the
United States to which the institution is subject, and
(2) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we
will have sold to them the total principal amount of the
securities less the principal amount of the securities covered
by contracts. Agents and underwriters will have no
responsibility in respect of the delivery or performance of
contracts.
Direct sales to investors or our stockholders may be
accomplished through subscription offerings or through
stockholder purchase rights distributed to stockholders. In
connection with subscription offerings or the distribution of
stockholder purchase rights to stockholders, if all of the
underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may sell any
unsubscribed securities to third parties directly or through
underwriters or agents. In addition, whether or not all of the
underlying securities are subscribed for, we may concurrently
offer additional securities to third parties directly or through
underwriters or agents. If securities are to be sold
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through stockholder purchase rights, the stockholder purchase
rights will be distributed as a dividend to the stockholders for
which they will pay no separate consideration. The prospectus
supplement with respect to the offer of securities under
stockholder purchase rights will set forth the relevant terms of
the stockholder purchase rights, including:
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whether common stock for those securities will be offered under
the stockholder purchase rights; |
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the number of those securities or warrants that will be offered
under the stockholder purchase rights; |
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the period during which and the price at which the stockholder
purchase rights will be exercisable; |
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the number of stockholder purchase rights then outstanding; |
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any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise
price of the stockholder purchase rights, and |
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any other material terms of the stockholder purchase rights. |
The securities also may be offered and sold, if so indicated in
the prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon
their purchase, in accordance with a redemption or repayment
pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more firms
(remarketing firms), acting as principals for their
own accounts or as agents for us. Any remarketing firm will be
identified and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us will
be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection
with the securities remarketed thereby. Remarketing firms may be
entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to
indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or
sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties
in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable
prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those
derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by
this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement,
including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may
use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to
settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings
of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement
of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of
stock. The third parties in such sale transactions will be
underwriters and will be identified in the applicable prospectus
supplement (or a post-effective amendment).
Securities offered may be a new issue of securities with no
established trading market. Any underwriters to whom or agents
through whom these securities are sold by us for public offering
and sale may make a market in these securities, but such
underwriters or agents will not be obligated to do so and may
discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No
assurance can be given as to the liquidity of or the trading
market for any such securities.
To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons
participating in the offering may engage in transactions that
stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the price of the
securities. These may include over-allotment, stabilization,
syndicate short covering transactions and penalty bids.
Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size,
which creates a short position. Stabilizing transactions involve
bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the
stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Syndicate
short covering transactions involve purchases of securities in
the open market after the distribution has been completed in
order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit
the underwriters to reclaim selling concessions from dealers
when the securities originally sold by the dealers are purchased
in covering transactions to cover syndicate short positions.
These transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued by the
underwriters at any time.
During such time as we may be engaged in a distribution of the
securities covered by this prospectus we are required to comply
with Regulation M promulgated under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934. With certain exceptions, Regulation M
precludes us, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer
or other person who participates in such distributing from
bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to
bid for or purchase, any security which is the subject of the
distribution until the entire distribution is complete.
Regulation M also restricts bids or purchases made in order
to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the
distribution of that security.
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Some of the underwriters and their affiliates may engage in
transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary
course of business.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the validity of the
securities being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by
Waller Lansden Dortch & Davis, PLLC. If the validity of
any securities is also passed upon by counsel for the
underwriters of an offering of those securities, that counsel
will be named in the prospectus supplement relating to that
offering.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and managements
report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting incorporated by reference in this prospectus from the
Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K have been audited
by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered
public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are
incorporated herein by reference (which reports (1) express
an unqualified opinion on the consolidated financial statements,
(2) express an unqualified opinion on managements
assessment regarding the effectiveness of internal control over
financial reporting, and (3) express an adverse opinion on
the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over
financial reporting because of material weaknesses), and have
been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm
given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to
the securities offered hereby. This prospectus does not contain
all of the information set forth in the registration statement
and its exhibits. Statements made by us in this prospectus as to
the contents of any contract, agreement or other document
referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete. For
a more complete description of these contracts, agreements or
other documents, you should carefully read the exhibits to the
registration statement and the documents that we reference under
the caption Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any
materials we file with the SEC at the SECs Public
Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the
operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains
reports, proxy and information statements and other information
regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at the
SECs web site at http://www.sec.gov.
We make available free of charge through our web site, which you
can find at http://www.capstoneturbine.com, our annual report on
Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports filed
or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such
material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are incorporating by reference information we file with the
SEC, which means:
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incorporated documents are considered part of this prospectus; |
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we can disclose important information to you by referring you to
those documents; and |
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information that we file later with the SEC automatically will
update and supersede information contained in this prospectus. |
We are incorporating by reference the following documents, which
we have previously filed with the SEC:
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(a) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 2005, filed with the SEC on June 29,
2005; |
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(b) our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2005, filed with the SEC on
August 9, 2005; |
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(c) our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the
SEC on August 10, 2005, July 12, 2005, July 8,
2005 and July 6, 2005; |
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(d) our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A,
filed with the SEC on August 4, 2005; and |
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(e) any future filings with the SEC under
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until
all offerings of any securities registered hereby are completed;
provided that this prospectus will not incorporate any
information we may furnish to the SEC under Item 2.02 or
Item 7.01 of Form 8-K. |
Any statement contained in this prospectus or any prospectus
supplement or in a document incorporated or deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to
be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the
extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any
other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or
supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or
superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or
superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
You can obtain copies of the documents incorporated by reference
in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus
without charge through our web site
(http://www.capstoneturbine.com) as soon as reasonably
practicable after we electronically file the material with, or
furnish it to, the SEC, or by requesting them in writing or by
telephone at the following address:
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Capstone Turbine Corporation |
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21211 Nordhoff Street |
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Chatsworth, California 91311 |
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Attention: Walter J. McBride |
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Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
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(818) 734-5300 |
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