x	Preliminary Proxy Statement

o	Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

o	Definitive Proxy Statement

o	Definitive Additional Materials

o	Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-11(c) or §240.14a-12

x	No fee required.

o	Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

(1)	Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

(2)	Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

(3)	Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

(4)	Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

(5)	Total fee paid:

o	Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

o	Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.

(1)	Amount Previously Paid:

(2)	Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

(3)	Filing Party:

(4)	Date Filed:

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(1)	To approve the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Washington to the State of Delaware by merging the Company with and into a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary; and

(2)	To transact such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting and all adjournments and postponements thereof.

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(1)	approve the reincorporation of the Company from the State of Washington to the State of Delaware by merging the Company into a newly formed, wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary (“Proposal 1”); and

(2)	transact such other business as may properly come before the Special Meeting and all adjournments and postponements thereof (“Proposal 2”).

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•	In person. You may attend the Special Meeting and vote in person. To do so, please present your Certification at the door, together with proof of your identity.

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By mail or facsimile. An Italian proxy card accompanies this Proxy Statement. You may also print an Italian proxy card from our website at http://www.ctibiopharma.com. You may use such proxy card to vote by mail or facsimile. Please mark your votes on the Italian proxy card and return it and your Certification by mail to the address shown on the card or by facsimile to the facsimile number shown on the card by the deadline shown on the card. Your name as you write it on your Italian proxy card must exactly match your name as printed on your Certification. Italian privacy law prevents us from learning in advance the names of the persons holding Certifications. Thus, you must include your Certification (or a complete copy) in the same envelope as your Italian proxy card in order for your vote to be counted (that is, in order to prove to our inspector of election that you have the right to vote).

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By proxy. You may name another person as a substitute proxy by any means permitted by Washington law and our Bylaws. That substitute proxy may then attend the Special Meeting, provided that he or she provides your Certification or a complete copy thereof, together with your written authorization naming such person as your proxy, to our inspector of election at the Special Meeting in order to verify the authenticity of your proxy designation.

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Register as a Direct Record Holder: Contact your bank for more information on the procedures required for direct registration of your shares in your name, which would include, among other things, the submission of a registration request (together with a Certification) to our transfer agent, the removal of your shares from Monte Titoli’s account and the transfer of such shares to the U.S. directly in your name. Please note that registration in our shareholder books may require you to take additional steps if and when you decide to dispose of your shares.

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Transfer Shares to a U.S. Brokerage Account: Contact your bank and inform the bank that you would like to transfer your shares to a U.S. brokerage account (to be held in your name and for your account). Your bank can explain the procedure and costs associated with that transfer. Please note that you will be required by your bank to bear the costs relating to such a transfer, including those debited or claimed by the U.S. broker-dealer for the management of the account in the U.S.

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•	the office of the Company's Italian legal counsel, Legance Studio Legale Associato (contact person: Mr. Giorgio Vanzanelli), at Via Dante 7, 20123 Milan, Italy;

•	the office of any of the depository banks having our shares in their accounts, subject to their availability to provide a copy of the Proxy Statement and/or the proxy card;

•	the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov; or

•	our website at http://www.ctibiopharma.com.

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•	Delaware corporate law is highly developed and predictable;

•	the Company will have access to Delaware’s specialized courts for corporate law;

•	the Company’s ability to raise outside capital may be improved;

•	the reincorporation may reduce legal fees and administrative burdens;

•	the Company may find it easier to recruit future Board members and other leaders; and

•	the reincorporation will not impact the Company’s daily business operations, listing on the NASDAQ or require relocation of offices.

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•	U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

•	persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;

•	persons who are not U.S. holders

•	persons holding our Common Stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;

•	banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions;

•	brokers, dealers or traders in securities;

•	“controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;

•	partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);

•	tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;

•	persons who hold or receive our Common Stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; and

•	tax-qualified retirement plans.

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•	U.S. holders of Common Stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants will not recognize any gain or loss as a result of the consummation of the Merger;

•	the aggregate tax basis of shares of Newco common stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants received in the Merger will be equal to the aggregate tax basis of the shares of Common Stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants converted therefor;

•	the holding period of the shares of Newco common stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants received in the Merger will include the holding period of the shares of Common Stock, preferred stock or options, rights or warrants converted therefor; and

•	neither the Company nor Newco will recognize gain or loss as a result of the Merger.

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*	Less than 1%.

**	Denotes director of the Company or nominee.

(1)

Beneficial ownership generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities, and percentage ownership is calculated based on 42,970,377 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of November 6, 2017 and 23,450,000 shares of Aequus’ common stock outstanding as of November 6, 2017. This table is based upon information supplied by officers, directors and other investors including, as to our Common Stock, information from Schedules 13D, 13G and 13F and Forms 3 and 4 filed with the SEC. Shares of common stock subject to options, warrants or other securities convertible into common stock that are currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within sixty days of November 6, 2017 are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding the option, warrant or convertible security but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of stock beneficially owned.

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(2)	Shares subject to convertible securities included in this column reflect any options, warrants and convertible preferred stock held by the holder exercisable or convertible within sixty days after November 6, 2017. These shares are also included in the column titled “Number of Shares Beneficially Owned.”

(3)

Beneficial ownership is as of November 6, 2017 and is based on information contained in the Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on June 14, 2017 by BVF Partners L.P. The Schedule 13D/A states that BVF Partners L.P., including certain of its affiliates, beneficially owns 8,596,357 shares of our Common Stock, with shared voting and dispositive power over all such shares. The address of BVF Partners L.P. is 1 Sansome Street, 30th Floor, San Francisco, California 94104. The number of shares subject to convertible securities is based on 575 shares of Series N-3 Preferred Stock held by BVF Partners L.P. and certain of its affiliates, convertible into an aggregate of 383,333 shares of Common Stock.

(4)

Beneficial ownership is as of November 6, 2017 and is based on information contained in the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on June 15, 2017. The Schedule 13G states that OrbiMed Capital GP VI LLC (“GP VI”) is the sole general partner of OrbiMed Private Investments VI, LP, which holds 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock. The Schedule 13G also states that each of GP VI, OrbiMed Advisors LLC and Samuel D. Isalyhas have shared voting and dispositive power over 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock. The address of OrbiMed Private Investments VI, LP is 601 Lexington Avenue, 54th Floor, New York, NY 10022.

(5)

Beneficial ownership is as of November 6, 2017 and is based on information contained in the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on June 22, 2017. The Schedule 13G states that each of Stonepine Capital Management, LLC, Stonepine Capital L.P., Jon M. Plexico, and Timothy P. Lynch beneficially own 2,307,446 shares of our Common Stock, with sole voting and dispositive power over all such shares. The address of Stonepine Capital L.P. is 919 NW Bond Street, Suite 204, Bend, OR 97703. The Schedule 13G also states that Stonepine Capital, L.P. holds our Common Stock for the benefit of its investors and has the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of, our Common Stock.

(6)	The address of our current directors and executive officers listed is 3101 Western Avenue, Suite 800, Seattle, Washington 98121, U.S.A.

(7)	Number of shares beneficially owned includes 10,000 shares held by Mr. Seeley of unvested restricted stock.

(8)	Number of shares beneficially owned includes 10,000 shares of unvested restricted stock for all directors and executive officers as a group.

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(a)	each share of Washington Corporation Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of Delaware Corporation Common Stock, and all such shares of Washington Corporation Common Stock shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist;

(b)

each share of Washington Corporation Preferred Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be converted into one validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock, and all such shares of Washington Corporation Preferred Stock shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist; provided that, from and after the Effective Time, the holders of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock shall have the right to convert such shares of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock, in accordance with and to the extent set forth in the Certificate of Designations of the Delaware Corporation’s Series N Preferred Stock in the Delaware Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation; and

(c)	each share of capital stock of the Delaware Corporation issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to be outstanding following the consummation of the Merger.

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(a)

After the Effective Time, each holder of a certificate representing shares of Washington Corporation Common Stock may, at such stockholder’s option, surrender the same for cancellation to the transfer agent of the Delaware Corporation (the Agent), and each such holder shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock into which the shares formerly represented by the surrendered certificate were converted as herein provided. Until so surrendered, each certificate representing shares of Washington Corporation Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed for all purposes, from and after the Effective Time, to represent the number of shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock into which such shares of Washington Corporation Common Stock were converted in the Merger.

(b)

After the Effective Time, each holder of a certificate representing shares of Washington Corporation Preferred Stock may, at such stockholder’s option, surrender the same for cancellation to the Agent, and each such holder shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock into which the shares formerly represented by the surrendered certificate were converted as herein provided. Until so surrendered, each certificate representing shares of Washington Corporation Preferred Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be deemed for all purposes, from and after the Effective Time, to represent the number of shares of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock into which such shares of Washington Corporation Preferred Stock were converted in the Merger.

(c)

The registered owner on the books and records of the Delaware Corporation of any shares of stock represented by a certificate of Washington Corporation Common Stock or Washington Corporation Preferred Stock shall, until such certificate shall have been surrendered for transfer or conversion or otherwise accounted for to the Delaware Corporation or the Agent, have and be entitled to exercise any voting and other rights (including the right to receive dividends and other distributions) with

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(d)

Each certificate representing shares of Delaware Corporation Common Stock or shares of Delaware Corporation Preferred Stock so issued in the Merger shall bear the same legends, if any, with respect to the restrictions on transferability as the certificate of Washington Corporation Common Stock or Washington Corporation Preferred Stock, as applicable, so converted and given in exchange therefor, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors of the Delaware Corporation in compliance with applicable laws.

(a)	The Washington Corporation shall (i) file the Proxy Statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; (ii) duly give notice of, convene and hold the Special Meeting for the purpose of obtaining the Required Approval; and (iii) through its Board of Directors, recommend to its stockholders that they vote in favor of the adoption of this Agreement.

(b)	The Washington Corporation and the Delaware Corporation each will use reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective as promptly as practicable the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including to effect all necessary notifications and filings.

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4.1

Classes. The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is Eighty One Million Five Hundred Thirty-Three Thousand Three Hundred Thirty-Three (81,533,333), including Eighty One Million Five Hundred Thousand (81,500,000) shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the Common Stock), and Thirty-Three Thousand Three Hundred Thirty-Three (33,333) shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the Preferred Stock), of which 575 shall initially be designated as the Series N Preferred Stock (the Series N Preferred Stock) and 10,000 shall initially be designated as the Series ZZ Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock (the Series ZZ Preferred Stock). Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of any of the Common Stock or Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL, and no vote of the holders of any of the Common Stock or Preferred Stock voting separately as a class shall be required therefor.

4.2.	Common Stock. The terms of the Common Stock are as follows:

(a)	Ranking. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock of any series as may be designated by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the Board) upon any issuance of any series of Preferred Stock.

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(b)

Voting. Except as otherwise provided by law or this Certificate of Incorporation (as defined below), the holders of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election and removal of directors and for all other purposes. Except as otherwise required by law or this Certificate of Incorporation, each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one (1) vote, in person or by proxy, on each matter submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation (as amended from time to time, including the terms of any certificate of designations for any series of Preferred Stock, this Certificate of Incorporation) to the contrary, the holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL.

(c)	Dividends. Subject to the rights of the holders of Preferred Stock, holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and distributions and other distributions in cash, stock or property of the Corporation when, as and if declared thereon by the Board from time to time out of assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor.

(d)

Liquidation. Subject to the rights of the holders of Preferred Stock, shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the assets and funds of the Corporation available for distribution in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary. A liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, as such terms are used in this Section (d), shall not be deemed to be occasioned by or to include any consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other person or a sale, lease, exchange or conveyance of all or a part of its assets.

4.3	Preferred Stock. Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series.

(a)

General. The Board is hereby authorized to provide by resolution or resolutions from time to time for the issuance, out of the unissued shares of Preferred Stock, of one or more series of Preferred Stock, without stockholder approval, by filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable law of the State of Delaware, setting forth such resolution and, with respect to each such series, establishing the number of shares to be included in such series, and fixing the voting powers, full or limited, or no voting power of the shares of such series, and the designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, if any, of the shares of each such series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof including, without limitation, the dividend rate (and whether dividends are cumulative), conversion rights, if any, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions, if any), redemption price and liquidation preferences of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting any such series and the designation thereof, or any of them; and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issue of shares of that series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding.. The powers, designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding. Except as provided by the terms of any Preferred Stock, shares of Preferred Stock may be redeemed, purchased or acquired by the Corporation and may be reissued except as otherwise provided by law.

(b)	Series N Preferred Stock. The Series N Preferred Stock shall have: (i) the designation as indicated opposite “DESIGNATION” below, (ii) the number of shares as indicated opposite “NUMBER OF SHARES” below,

(i)	the Stated Value (as defined in Exhibit A-1 hereto) as indicated opposite “STATED VALUE” below, (iv) the Original Issue Date (as defined in Exhibit A-1 hereto) as indicated opposite “ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE” below, (v) the Conversion Price (as defined in Exhibit A-1 hereto) as indicated opposite “CONVERSION PRICE” below, and (vi) the Beneficial Ownership

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DESIGNATION:	Series N Preferred Stock

NUMBER OF SHARES:	575

STATED VALUE:	$2,000 per share

ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE:	June 8, 2017

CONVERSION PRICE:	$3.00

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP	19.99%

(c)

Series ZZ Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock. The Corporation has designated a series of preferred stock of the Corporation as the “Series ZZ Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock” (the Series ZZ Preferred Stock), which series shall have such rights, voting and other powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, of the shares of such series as set forth in Exhibit A-2 hereto, which is incorporated herein by reference and constitutes part of this Certificate of Incorporation.

5.1.	General. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board, except as otherwise provided by law.

5.2.

Number of Directors; Election of Directors. The total number of directors constituting the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be fixed in the manner set forth in the bylaws. Directors shall be elected annually for terms of one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation or removal from the Board of Directors. Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws shall so require, the election of directors of the Corporation need not be by written ballot. No cumulative voting for directors shall be permitted.

5.3.	The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.

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(a)

a replacement at one time or within a one-year period of more than one-half of the members of the Board which is not approved by a majority of those individuals who are members of the Board on the Original Issue Date (or by those individuals who are serving as members of the Board on any date whose nomination to the Board was approved by a majority of the members of the Board who are members on the Original Issue Date), or

(b)	the execution by the Corporation of an agreement to which the Corporation is a party or by which it is bound, providing for any of the events set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) herein.

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(a)

Dividends. Holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Corporation shall pay, dividends on outstanding shares of Series N Preferred Stock equal (on an as-if-converted- to-Common-Stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends (other than dividends in the form of Common Stock) actually paid on shares of the Common Stock or other Non- Senior Securities when, as and if such dividends (other than dividends in the form of Common Stock) are paid on shares of the Common Stock or other Non-Senior Securities. Other than as set forth in the previous sentence, no other dividends shall be paid on any shares of Series N Preferred Stock; and the Corporation shall pay no dividends (other than dividends in the form of Common Stock) on shares of the Common Stock or other Non-Senior Securities unless it simultaneously complies with the previous sentence. All declared but unpaid dividends on shares of Series N Preferred Stock, shall increase the Stated Value of Series N Preferred Stock then outstanding, but when such dividends are actually paid, any such increase in the Stated Value shall be rescinded.

(b)	So long as any shares of Series N Preferred Stock remain outstanding, neither the Corporation nor any subsidiary thereof shall redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire directly or indirectly any material amount of Non-Senior Securities except as expressly permitted by Section 8(b).

(a)	Conversions at Option of Holder.

(i)	With respect to shares of Series N Preferred Stock, each share shall be convertible at any time and from time to time from and after the Original Issue Date, at the option of the Holder thereof, into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share by the Conversion

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(ii)

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no shares of the Series N Preferred Stock shall be convertible by a Holder to the extent (but only to the extent) that such conversion would result in such Holder and its affiliates beneficially owning more than 19.99% of the Common Stock or such lower percentage set forth in the Certificate of Designations for the Series N Preferred Stock (the Beneficial Ownership Limitation Percentage), to be issued in respect of Series N Preferred Stock (the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent the Beneficial Ownership Limitation applies, the determination of whether the shares of Series N Preferred Stock held by such Holder shall be convertible (vis-à-vis other convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities owned by such Holder) shall, subject to such Beneficial Ownership Limitation, be determined on the basis of the first submission to the Corporation for conversion, exercise or exchange (as the case may be). No prior inability of a Holder to convert shares of Series N Preferred Stock pursuant to this paragraph shall have any effect on the applicability of the provisions of this paragraph with respect to any subsequent determination of convertibility or issuance (as the case may be). For purposes of this paragraph, beneficial ownership and all determinations and calculations (including, without limitation, with respect to calculations of percentage ownership) shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that in effecting any conversion, the Corporation shall be entitled to assume that no Holder, together with its affiliates, beneficially owns more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation Percentage unless written notice specifying the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially held by such Holder and its affiliates is sent to the Corporation by the Holder within the three Business Day period before the date of the automatic conversion. The provisions of this paragraph shall be implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this paragraph to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor Holder. The holders of Common Stock shall be third party beneficiaries of this paragraph and the Corporation may not waive this paragraph without the consent of holders of a majority of its Common Stock. For any reason at any time, upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Corporation shall within two Business Days confirm orally and in writing to such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding, including by virtue of any prior conversion or exercise of convertible or exercisable securities into Common Stock.

(b)	Automatic Conversion.

(i)

Except to the extent limited by the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, each outstanding share of Series N Preferred Stock shall automatically convert into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share by the Conversion Price (A) on the 30th day after the Original Issue Date, (B) on the date on which 5,000 or less shares of Series N Preferred Stock remain outstanding, or (C) immediately upon the adoption by the Board of a resolution that it intends to adopt an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation without stockholder approval to effect a reverse stock split of the outstanding Common Stock and the number of authorized shares of Common Stock in the same proportions in order to achieve compliance with the listing rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market or for other good-faith business reasons.

(ii)

Notwithstanding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, any outstanding shares of Series N Preferred Stock that are not converted pursuant to an automatic conversion pursuant to Section 6(b)(i) above shall automatically convert into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share by the Conversion Price on the earlier of (A) the date on which the conversion of Series N Preferred Stock would no longer result in beneficial ownership of more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation Percentage of the Common Stock by the particular Holder and its affiliates and (B) the 91st day after the Original Issue Date.

(iii)	Upon a Conversion Date, a Holder shall be required to forthwith surrender any certificate(s) representing such shares of Series N Preferred Stock to the Corporation electronically through DTC, another established clearing corporation performing similar functions or the records of the Corporation or a

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(c)	Conversion Price. The conversion price for any shares of Series N Preferred Stock shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation (the Conversion Price).

(d)	Mechanics of Conversion.

(i)

Delivery of Certificate upon Conversion. Not later than three Trading Days after each Conversion Date, whether pursuant to Section 6(a) or (b), the Corporation shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the converting Holder a certificate or certificates, which shall be free of restrictive legends and issuer- imposed trading restrictions (provided that a registration statement covering resales of the Conversion Shares is then in effect), representing the number of shares of Common Stock being acquired upon the conversion of shares of Series N Preferred Stock. The Corporation shall use its best efforts to, if the Holder is not an affiliate of the Corporation, deliver any certificate(s) of the Conversion Shares required to be delivered by the Corporation under this Section 6 electronically through DTC or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions (provided that a registration statement covering resales of the Conversion Shares is then in effect). If, in the case of any Notice of Conversion, such certificate(s) are not delivered to or as directed by the applicable Holder by the seventh Trading Day after the Conversion Date, then (without limiting the Holder’s other rights and remedies hereunder for the Corporation’s failure to comply with its obligations under the preceding portion of this paragraph) the applicable Holder shall be entitled to elect to rescind such Conversion Notice by written notice to the Corporation at any time on or before its receipt of such certificate(s), in which event the Corporation shall promptly return to such Holder any original Series N Preferred Stock certificate tendered for conversion delivered to the Corporation and such Holder shall promptly return any Common Stock certificates representing the shares of Series N Preferred Stock tendered for conversion to the Corporation.

(ii)

Obligation Absolute. The Corporation’s obligation to issue and deliver the Conversion Shares upon conversion of shares of Series N Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms hereof is absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by a Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by such Holder or any other person of any obligation to the Corporation or any violation or alleged violation of law by such Holder or any other person, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Corporation to such Holder in connection with the issuance of such Conversion Shares; provided, however, that such delivery shall not operate as a waiver by the Corporation of any such action that the Corporation may have against such Holder. In the event a Holder shall elect to convert any or all of the Stated Value of Series N Preferred Stock, the Corporation may not refuse conversion based on any claim that such Holder or anyone associated or affiliated with such Holder has been engaged in any violation of law, agreement or for any other reason, unless an injunction from a court, on notice to Holder, restraining and/or enjoining conversion of all or part of the Series N Preferred Stock of such Holder shall have been sought and obtained. In the absence of such an injunction, the Corporation shall issue Conversion Shares upon a properly noticed conversion. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue actual damages for the Corporation’s failure to deliver Conversion Shares within the period specified herein and such Holder shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief. The exercise of any such

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(iii)

Reservation of Shares Issuable upon Conversion. The Corporation covenants that it will at all times use reasonable best efforts to reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock, for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of any outstanding shares of Series N Preferred Stock, as herein provided, free from preemptive rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of persons other than the Holders of the Series N Preferred Stock, not less than such aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock as shall be issuable (taking into account the adjustments and restrictions of Section 7) upon the conversion of all outstanding shares of Series N Preferred Stock. The Corporation covenants that all shares of Common Stock that shall be so issuable shall, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

(iv)	Fractional Shares. Upon a conversion of Series N Preferred Stock hereunder, the Corporation shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock, but in lieu thereof each Holder who would otherwise have been entitled to a fraction of a share of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series N Preferred Stock shall be paid cash equal to such fraction times the Conversion Price.

(v)

Transfer Taxes. The issuance of certificates for shares of the Common Stock issued upon conversion of shares of Series N Preferred Stock shall be made without charge to any Holder for any documentary stamp, issuance or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such certificates, provided that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate upon conversion in a name other than that of the Holder of the shares of Series N Preferred Stock so converted and the Corporation shall not be required to issue or deliver such certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Corporation the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid.

(a)

Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Corporation, at any time while any of the Series N Preferred Stock is outstanding: (A) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock on shares of Common Stock or any other Common Stock Equivalents (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Corporation upon conversion of such shares of Series N Preferred Stock); (B) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; (C) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares; or (D) issues, in the event of a reclassification of shares of the Common Stock, any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, then the Conversion Price of such Series N Preferred Stock shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and any other adjustments to the Holders’ conversion rights necessary to reflect such event shall be made. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 7(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.

(b)

Subsequent Rights Offerings. If the Corporation, at any time while any Series N Preferred Stock is outstanding, shall issue rights, options or warrants to all holders of Common Stock (and not proportionately to the Holders) entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share that is lower than the VWAP on the record date for such issuance, and does not offer the same rights to the Holders, then the Conversion Price of Series N Preferred Stock shall be adjusted to reflect such rights, options or warrants offering by multiplying the Conversion Price by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding before the record date for such issuance plus the number of shares of Common Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Common Stock so offered (assuming delivery to the Corporation in full of all consideration payable upon exercise of such rights, options

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(c)

Pro Rata Distributions. If the Corporation, at any time while any Series N Preferred Stock is outstanding, distributes (other than as a dividend) to all holders of Common Stock (and not proportionately to the Holders) evidences of its indebtedness or assets or rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security (other than Common Stock, which shall be subject to Section 7(b)), then in each such case the Conversion Price of Series N Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Price in effect immediately before the record date fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to receive such distribution by a fraction of which the denominator shall be the VWAP determined as of the record date mentioned above, and of which the numerator shall be such VWAP on such record date less the then fair market value at such record date of the portion of such assets, evidence of indebtedness or rights or warrants so distributed applicable to one outstanding share of the Common Stock as determined by the Board in good faith. In either case the adjustments shall be described in a statement delivered to the Holders describing the portion of assets or evidences of indebtedness so distributed or such subscription rights applicable to one share of Common Stock. Such adjustment shall be made whenever any such distribution is made and shall become effective immediately after the record date mentioned above. For avoidance of doubt, distributions that are dividends shall be subject to Section 3(a) and not subject to this Section 7(c).

(d)

Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while any Series N Preferred Stock is outstanding, a Fundamental Transaction occurs, then, upon any subsequent conversion of Series N Preferred Stock, the Holders shall have the right to receive, for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately before the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately before such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of one share of Common Stock (the Alternate Consideration); and the Holders shall no longer have the right to receive Conversion Shares per se upon such conversion. For purposes of any such conversion, the determination of the Conversion Price of the Series N Preferred Stock shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Corporation shall apportion the Conversion Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holders shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of Series N Preferred Stock following such Fundamental Transaction. To the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the Corporation or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall adopt articles of incorporation or an amendment to its articles of incorporation with the same terms and conditions and issue to the Holders new preferred stock consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holders’ right to convert such preferred stock into Alternate Consideration. Unless the Corporation elects to treat such Fundamental Transaction as a Liquidation, the terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the provisions of this Section 7(d) and ensuring that the Series N Preferred Stock (or any such replacement security) will be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction.

(e)	Calculations. All calculations under this Section 7 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be.

(f)	Notice to the Holders.

(i)	Adjustment to Conversion Price. Whenever the Conversion Price of any Series N Preferred Stock is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 7, the Corporation shall promptly deliver to each

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(ii)

Notice to Allow Conversion by Holder. If (A) the Corporation shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Corporation shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Corporation shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Corporation shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Corporation is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, of any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Corporation shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, then, in each case, the Corporation shall cause to be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of Series N Preferred Stock, and shall cause to be delivered to each Holder at its last address as it shall appear upon the stock books of the Corporation, at least 20 calendar days before the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange, provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, the Corporation shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder is entitled to convert the Stated Value of its Series N Preferred Stock during the 20-day period commencing on the date of such notice through the effective date of the event triggering such notice.

(a)	amend this Certificate of Incorporation, its bylaws or other charter documents so as to materially, specifically and adversely affect any rights of any Holder with respect to the Series N Preferred Stock;

(b)

repay, repurchase or offer to repay, repurchase or otherwise acquire any material amount of its Junior Securities (other than securities described in clause (ii) of the definition of “Junior Securities”); provided, however, that this restriction shall not apply to the repurchase of up to 5,750,000 shares of Common Stock in any 12-month period (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the Original Issue Date) from employees, officers, directors, consultants or other persons performing services for the Corporation or any subsidiary pursuant to agreements approved by a majority of the Board or under which the Corporation has the option to repurchase such shares at cost or upon the occurrence of certain events, such as termination of employment;

(c)	authorize or create any class or series of stock ranking senior to the Series N Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or liquidation preference; or

(d)	enter into any agreement or understanding with respect to any of the foregoing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 8 shall not prohibit the issuance of additional series of preferred stock that do not rank senior to the Series N Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or liquidation preference.

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(a)

Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder, including, without limitation, any Notice of Conversion, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or by email, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Corporation, at ________, or such other street address, facsimile number or email address as the Corporation may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders delivered in accordance with this Section 10(a). Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Corporation hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile, by email or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number, email address or street address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Corporation, or if no such facsimile number, email address or street address appears on the books of the Corporation, at the principal place of business of the Holder. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email to the facsimile number or email address specified in this Section 10(a) before 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the date immediately following the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email to the facsimile number or email address specified in this Section 10(a) between 5:30 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (iii) the second Business Day following the date of dispatch, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.

(b)

Lost or Mutilated Series N Preferred Stock Certificate. If a Holder’s Series N Preferred Stock certificate shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Corporation shall execute and deliver, in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of a mutilated certificate, or in lieu of or in substitution for a lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, a new certificate for the shares of Series N Preferred Stock so mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, but only upon receipt of evidence of such loss, theft or destruction of such certificate, and of the ownership thereof reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation.

(c)	Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this instrument shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.

(d)

Waiver. Any waiver by the Corporation or a Holder of a breach of any provision of this instrument shall not operate as or be construed to be a waiver of any other breach of such provision or of any breach of any other provision of this instrument or a waiver by any other Holders. The failure of the Corporation or a Holder to insist upon strict adherence to any term of this instrument on one or more occasions shall not be considered a waiver or deprive that party (or any other Holder) of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this instrument. Any waiver by the Corporation or a Holder must be in writing.

(e)	Severability. If any provision of this Series N Certificate of Designations or Certificate of Designations is invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the balance of hereof or thereof shall remain in effect, and if any provision

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(f)	Next Business Day. Whenever any payment or other obligation hereunder shall be due on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be made on the next succeeding Business Day.

(g)	Headings. The headings contained herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Series N Certificate of Designations and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

(h)	Status of Converted or Redeemed Series N Preferred Stock. If any shares of Series N Preferred Stock are converted, redeemed or reacquired by the Corporation, such shares shall resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of Series N Preferred Stock.

(i)

Remedies, Characterizations, Other Obligations, Breaches and Injunctive Relief. The remedies provided herein shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available hereunder, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and no remedy contained herein shall be deemed a waiver of compliance with the provisions giving rise to such remedy. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Corporation to comply with the terms hereof. The Corporation covenants to each Holder that there shall be no characterization concerning this instrument other than as expressly provided herein. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by a Holder and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Corporation (or the performance thereof). The Corporation acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holders and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Corporation therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Holders shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

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(a)

(i)

Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of any class or series of preferred stock (or any similar stock) ranking prior and superior to the Series ZZ Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, in preference to the holders of shares of common stock and of any other class or series of stock ranking junior to the Series ZZ Preferred Stock, shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on the first day of March, June, September and December in each year (each such date being referred to herein as a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (a) $1.00 or (b) subject to the provisions for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 10,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 10,000 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions other than a dividend payable in shares of common stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of common stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the common stock since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series ZZ Preferred Stock. The multiple of cash and non-cash dividends declared on the common stock to which holders of the Series ZZ Preferred Stock are entitled, which shall be 10,000 initially but which shall be adjusted from time to time as hereinafter provided, is hereinafter referred to as the “Dividend Multiple.” In the event the Corporation shall at any time after January 7, 2010 (the Rights Declaration Date).

(ii)

declare or pay any dividend on common stock payable in shares of common stock, or (ii) effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of common stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of common stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of common stock, then in each such case the Dividend Multiple thereafter applicable to the determination of the amount of dividends which holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive shall be the Dividend Multiple applicable immediately prior to such event multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of common stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(iii)

Notwithstanding anything else contained in this paragraph (a), the Corporation shall, out of funds legally available for that purpose, declare a dividend or distribution on the Series ZZ Preferred Stock as provided in this paragraph (a) immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the common stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of common stock) and the Corporation shall pay such distribution of the Series ZZ Preferred Stock before the dividend or distribution declared on the common stock is paid or set apart; provided that, in the event no dividend or distribution shall have been declared on the common stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend of $1.00 per share on the Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date.

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(b)

Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix in accordance with applicable law a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more than such number of days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof as may be allowed by applicable law.

(a)

Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to 10,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. The number of votes which a holder of a share of Series ZZ Preferred Stock is entitled to cast, which shall initially be 10,000 but which may be adjusted from time to time as hereinafter provided, is hereinafter referred to as the “Vote Multiple.” In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare or pay any dividend on common stock payable in shares of common stock, or (ii) effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of common stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of common stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of common stock, then in each such case the Vote Multiple thereafter applicable to the determination of the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall be entitled shall be the Vote Multiple immediately prior to such event multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of common stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(b)	Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of common stock and the holders of shares of any other capital stock of this Corporation having general voting rights, shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation.

(c)

(i)

Whenever, at any time or times, dividends payable on any shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in an amount equal to at least six (6) full quarter dividends (whether or not declared and whether or not consecutive), the holders of record of the outstanding shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall have the exclusive right, voting separately as a single class, to elect two (2) directors of the Corporation at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation or at the Corporation’s next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders, as provided below.

(ii)

Upon the vesting of such right of the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, the maximum authorized number of members of the Board of Directors shall automatically be increased by two (2) and the two (2) vacancies so created shall be filled by vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock as hereinafter set forth. A special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation then entitled to vote shall be called by the President, the Board of Directors or, if requested in writing, by the holders of at least 10% of the shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock then outstanding. At such special meeting, or, if no such special meeting shall have been called, then at the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the holders of the shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall elect, voting as above provided, two (2) directors of the Corporation to fill the aforesaid vacancies created by the automatic increase in the number of members of the Board of Directors. At any and all such meetings for such election, the holders of a majority of the outstanding

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(iii)

The right of the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, voting separately as a class, to elect two (2) members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation as aforesaid shall continue until, and only until, such time as all arrears in dividends (whether or not declared) on the Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall have been paid or declared and set apart for payment, at which time such right shall terminate, except as herein or by law expressly provided subject to revesting in the event of each and every subsequent default of the character above-mentioned. Upon any termination of the right of the holders of the Series ZZ Preferred Stock as a class to vote for directors as herein provided, the term of office of all directors then in office elected by the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall terminate immediately. Whenever the term of office of the directors elected by the holders of shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall terminate and the special voting powers vested in the holders of the Series ZZ Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall have expired, the maximum number of members of this Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be such number as may be provided for in the Bylaws of the Corporation, irrespective of any increase made pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c). The voting rights granted by this Section 3(c) shall be in addition to any other voting rights granted to the holders of the Series ZZ Preferred Stock in this Section 3.

(d)	Except as otherwise required by applicable law or as set forth herein, holders of Series ZZ Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of common stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action.

(a)	Whenever dividends or distributions payable on the Series ZZ Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall not:

(i)	declare or pay dividends on, make any other distributions on, or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series ZZ Preferred Stock;

(ii)

declare or pay dividends on or make any other distributions on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series ZZ Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series ZZ Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled;

(iii)

except as permitted in subsection 4(a)(iv) below, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series ZZ Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such parity stock in exchange for shares of any stock of the Corporation

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(iv)

purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of Series ZZ Preferred Stock, or any shares of any stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series ZZ Preferred Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates and other relative rights and preferences of the respective Series ZZnd classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair and equitable treatment among the respective series or classes.

(b)	The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the Corporation unless the Corporation could, under subsection (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.

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1.1	Delaware Office. The Corporation shall have and maintain a registered office in the State of Delaware as required by law. The name and address of its registered agent in the State of Delaware is set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (the Certificate of Incorporation).

1.2	Other Offices. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the Board of Directors) may designate or as the business of the Corporation may from time to time require.

2.1

Meeting Place. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held, pursuant to proper notice as set forth in Section 2.4 of this Article II, at the principal executive office of the Corporation, or at such other place as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting may be held solely by means of remote communication, as authorized by Section 211(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the DGCL).

2.2

Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors, at the principal office of the Corporation, or such other place as fixed by the Board of Directors, for the purpose of electing directors and transacting such other business as may properly come before that meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by Section 211 of the DGCL.

2.3

Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose may be called at any time by the President, the Board of Directors or the holders of at least ten percent of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at such special meeting. Special meetings of the stockholders shall be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office or at such other place as shall be identified in the notice of such meeting. Only business within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice may be conducted at a special stockholders’ meeting.

2.4

Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, notice in writing or by electronic transmission of each stockholders’ meeting stating the date, time, place, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, for a special meeting, the purpose(s) for which the meeting is called, shall be given

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2.5

If mailed, notice shall be deemed given when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder's address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Any previously scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed by resolution of the Board of Directors, except that a meeting requested by the holders of record of shares of stock pursuant to Section 2.3 of these Bylaws may be postponed only by the holders of record that requested the meeting.

2.6

The Board of Directors or the chairperson at any meeting shall have the power to adjourn a meeting of stockholders. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place (if any) thereof and the means of remote communications (if any) by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board shall fix a new record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjournment meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.

2.7

Fixing of Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.

(a)	if no prior action by the Board of Directors is required under the DGCL, the record date shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation; and

(b)	if prior action by the Board of Directors is required under the DGCL, the record date shall be the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts a resolution taking such prior action.

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2.8

Stockholders’ List. The Corporation shall prepare, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then a list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be examined by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 2.8 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

2.9

Quorum and Adjourned Meetings. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise provided by law, a quorum at any annual or special meeting of stockholders shall consist of stockholders representing, either in person or by proxy, one-third of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. The chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, whether or not there is such a quorum. No notice of the time and place of adjourned meetings need be given except as provided in the last paragraph of Section 2.6 of these Bylaws.

2.10	Voting. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or by law, each outstanding share, regardless of class, is entitled to one vote on each matter voted on at a stockholders’ meeting.

2.11	Proxies. A stockholder may vote either in person or by granting a proxy in accordance with applicable law. An appointment of a proxy is valid for three years unless a longer period is expressly provided in the appointment form.

2.12

Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, only if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of all the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.

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(a)

Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Corporation’s common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, if any, nominations for the election of directors may be made by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder who is a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time the notice provided for in this Section 2.13 is delivered to the Corporation and who is entitled to vote in the election of directors generally at the applicable meeting of stockholders. However, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as directors at a meeting only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been received by the Corporation, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Corporation not later than (i) with respect to the election to be held at an annual meeting of stockholders, not less than ninety days nor more than one hundred twenty days prior to the date one year from the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty days before or after the date one year from the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders, or no annual meeting was held in the immediately preceding year, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received no later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which the public announcement is first made of the date of the annual meeting; and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting of stockholders for the election of directors, the close of business on the tenth day following the date on which the public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting. Each such notice shall be in writing and shall set forth: (A) the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (B) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; (C) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (D) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, had the nominee been nominated or intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors; and (E) the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation if so elected. This Section 2.13 of this Article II shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to submit nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors. The Chairperson of the meeting may in his or her discretion determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

(b)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by law, (i) no person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation pursuant to a stockholder nomination unless nominated in accordance with the procedures (including providing the required information) set forth in this Section 2.13 of this Article II, whether such proposed nominee is to be included in the Corporation’s proxy statement or presented to stockholders by means of an independently financed proxy solicitation and (ii) if the stockholder (or a qualified representative) giving the notice does not appear at the meeting to present the nomination, such nomination may be disregarded, irrespective of whether proxies concerning such nomination have been received by the Corporation.

2.14	Stockholder Proposals.

(a)

Any stockholder who is a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time the notice provided for in this Section 2.14 is delivered to the Corporation and who is entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may make any proposal at such meeting of stockholders and the same may be discussed and considered only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such proposal(s) has been received by the Corporation, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid,

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(b)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws: (i) no business shall be conducted at any meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 of this Article II (other than the nomination of a person for election as a director, which is governed by Section 2.13 of this Article II and any business brought by the Board of Directors), and (ii) unless otherwise required by law, if a stockholder intending to propose business at a meeting of stockholders does not comply with the procedures (including providing the required information) set forth in this Section 2.14 of this Article II or if such stockholder (or a qualified representative) does not appear at the meeting to present the proposed business, such business shall not be transacted, irrespective of whether proxies concerning such nomination have been received by the Corporation.

(c)

Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.14 of this Article II (and with respect to the nomination of a person for election as a director, Section 2.13 of this Article II), a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.14 of this Article II; provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or such rules and regulations are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this Section 2.14, and compliance with this Section 2.14 of this Article II shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the Corporation to omit a proposal from the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act, or (iii) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, if any, to the extent provided for under law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

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3.1	Issuance of Shares. Shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be issued in the manner and for such considered as may be provided by applicable law.

3.2

Certificated Shares. Certificates of stock, if any, shall be issued in numerical order, and each stockholder holding shares represented by certificates shall be entitled to a certificate signed in a manner that complies with Section 158 of the DGCL. If an officer who has signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon, such certificate ceases to be such officer before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the person were an officer on the date of issue.

3.3	Uncertificated Shares. The Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation.

3.4	Transfers.

(a)

Transfers of stock shall be made only upon the stock transfer records of the Corporation, which records shall be kept at the registered office of the Corporation or at its principal place of business, or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, open a share register in any state of the United States, and may employ an agent or agents to keep such register and to record transfers of shares therein.

(b)

Shares of certificated stock shall be transferred by delivery of the certificates therefor, accompanied either by an assignment in writing on the back of the certificate or an assignment separate from certificate, or by a written power of attorney to sell, assign and transfer the same, signed by the holder of said certificate. No shares of certificated stock shall be transferred on the records of the Corporation until the outstanding certificates therefor (or, in the case of a certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, any required affidavit of loss and bond) have been surrendered to the Corporation or to its transfer agent or registrar.

(c)	Shares of uncertificated stock shall be transferred upon receipt by the Corporation of a written request for transfer signed by the stockholder. Within a reasonable time after the transfer of shares without certificates, the Corporation shall provide the new stockholder a complete written statement of the information required on certificates as provided in Section 3.2 of this Article III.

4.1	Powers.     The management of all the affairs, property and interests of the Corporation shall be vested in a Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred upon it by these Bylaws and

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4.2

Number, Term.     The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than five and not more than twelve persons as fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Following the date hereof, Directors shall be elected annually for terms of one year, and until their successors are elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation or removal from the Board of Directors. Directors may serve for any number of consecutive terms. Unless a Director dies, resigns or is removed, he or she shall hold office for the term elected and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.

4.3	Change of Number. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, the total number of directors constituting the Board of Directors may at any time be increased or decreased by the Board of Directors; provided, that no decrease in the number of directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.

4.4

Chairperson of the Board of Directors. The Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall be a director and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors and in any employment agreement approved by the Board of Directors. The Chairperson shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors at which he or she is present. The Chairperson may sign deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, and other instruments, if such powers have been expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to the Chairperson, unless required by law to be signed by some other officer or in some other manner.

4.5

Vacancies. All vacancies in the Board of Directors, whether caused by resignation, death or otherwise, may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office until the next stockholders’ meeting at which directors are elected and until his or her successor is elected and qualified. Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of directors may be filled by the Board of Directors for a term of office continuing only until the next election of directors by the stockholders and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.

4.6	Resignation. A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the Board of Directors, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary. A resignation is effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

4.7	Removal of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, at a special meeting of stockholders called expressly for that purpose, the entire Board of Directors, or any member thereof, may be removed from office at any time, but only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.

4.8

Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee may be held without notice at the principal place of business of the Corporation or at such other place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, may from time to time designate. An annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately after adjournment of the annual meeting of stockholders at the same place at which such stockholders’ meeting was held.

4.9	Special Meetings.

(a)	Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the Chairperson, the Chief Executive Officer or by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, to be held at the principal place of business of the Corporation or at such other place as the Board of Directors or the person or persons calling such meeting may designate.

(b)	Special meetings of any committee of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by such person or persons and with such notice as shall be specified for such committee by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such specification, in the manner and with the notice required for special meetings of the Board of Directors.

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4.10

Notice of Meeting. Notice of the place, day, and time of any meeting of the Board of Directors for which notice is required shall be given, at least two days prior to the day on which the meeting is to be held, in any manner permitted by law, including orally. Notice shall be deemed to have been given as set forth in Article VII of these Bylaws. Such notice need not specify the business to be transacted at, or the purpose of, the meeting.

4.11

Waiver of Notice. A director may waive any notice required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws before or after the time stated for the meeting, and such waiver shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. Such waiver must be delivered by the director entitled to such notice and delivered to the Corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records, which waiver shall be set forth either (a) in an executed record or (b) if the Corporation has designated an address, location, or system to which the waiver may be electronically transmitted and the waiver has been electronically transmitted to the designated address, location, or system, in an executed electronically transmitted record. A director’s attendance at or participation in a meeting shall constitute a waiver of any required notice to the director of the meeting unless the director, at the beginning of the meeting or promptly upon the director’s arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.

4.12	Quorum. A majority of the full Board of Directors shall be necessary at all meetings to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the affirmative vote of a majority of directors present is the act of the Board of Directors.

4.13	Action by Directors Without a Meeting.

(a)

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors, or of a committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors, or committee.

(b)	Action taken under this Section 4.14 of this Article IV is effective when the last director signs the consent, unless the consent specifies a later effective date.

4.14	Participation. Any or all directors may participate in a regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors (or of a committee thereof) by, or may conduct the meeting through the use of, any means of communication by which all directors participating can hear each other during the meeting, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

4.15	Committees.

(a)	The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors, designate one or more committees of directors. Each committee must have one or more members.

(b)

Any such committee may fix its rules of procedure and fix the time and place, whether within or without the State of Delaware, of its meetings and specify what notice thereof, if any, shall be given, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise by resolution provide. The Board of Directors shall have the power to change the members of any such committee at any time, to fill vacancies therein and to discharge any such committee, either with or without cause, at any time.

(c)

Any such committee, unless otherwise provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority denied it by Section 141 of the DGCL.

(d)	Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request.

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5.1

Designations. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary and, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Treasurer, one or more Assistant Secretaries and/or Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers as may be deemed necessary. The officers of the Corporation that may from time to time be appointed by the Chief Executive Officer shall be the Vice Presidents and such additional officers and assistant officers of the Corporation as he may determine. Any two or more offices may be held by the same individual. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may elect a person from among its members to serve as Chairperson of the Board of Directors, who, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors, and who shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors may determine.

5.2	Appointment of Officers. The Board of Directors shall appoint the officers of the Corporation subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.

5.3	Powers and Duties. If the Board of Directors appoints persons to fill the following positions, such officers shall have the power and duties set forth below:

(a)

The Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer, subject to the direction and control of the Board of Directors, shall have general control and management of the business affairs and policies of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall act as liaison from and as spokesman for the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall participate in long-range planning for the Corporation and shall be available to the other officers of the Corporation for consultation. The Chief Executive Officer shall possess power to sign all certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation. Unless a Chairperson of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform all such other duties as are incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer or are properly required by the Board of Directors.

(b)

The President. The President shall report to the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or his inability to act, the President, if any, shall perform all duties of the Chief Executive Officer and when so acting shall have all the power of, and be subject to all restrictions upon, the Chief Executive Officer; provided that no such President shall assume the authority to preside as Chairperson of meetings of the Board of Directors unless such President is a member of the Board of Directors. In general, the President shall have such powers and discharge such duties as are incident to the office of President and such duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors.

(c)

Vice Presidents. Each Vice President shall have such powers and discharge such duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, as applicable. During the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer and the President, and if no Chairperson of the Board of Directors is appointed, the Executive or Senior Vice Presidents, if any, and the Vice Presidents, if any, in the order designated by the Board of Directors, shall exercise all the functions of the President.

(d)

The Secretary. The Secretary shall issue notices for all meetings, except for notices for special meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the directors which are called by the requisite percentage of stockholders or number of directors, shall have charge of the seal and the Corporation’s books, and shall make such reports and perform such other duties as are incident to the office of Secretary, or are properly required of him or her by the Board of Directors. The Secretary (or his or her designee) shall keep minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders. The Secretary shall keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder and director and attest certificates for shares of the Corporation, and shall maintain a stock ledger of the Corporation.

(e)	The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys and securities of the Corporation and shall keep regular books of account. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation

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5.4

Delegation. In the case of absence or inability to act of any officer of the Corporation and of any person herein authorized to act in such officer’s place, the Board of Directors (or, if such officer is one that has been appointed by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Executive Officer) may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer or other person whom it may in its sole discretion select.

5.6	Vacancies. Vacancies in any office arising from any cause may be filled by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.

5.7

Resignation. An officer may resign at any time by delivering notice to the Corporation. Such notice shall be effective when delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date. Unless otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation by the Corporation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any such resignation shall not affect the Corporation’s contract rights, if any, with the officer.

5.8

Removal. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. An officer empowered to appoint another officer or assistant officer also has the power with or without cause to remove any officer he or she would have the power to appoint whenever in his or her judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby.

5.9	Salaries and Contract Rights. The salaries, if any, of the officers appointed by the Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors or an applicable committee thereof. The appointment of an officer shall not of itself create contract rights.

5.10	Bonds. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, require any and all of the officers to give bonds to the Corporation, with sufficient surety or sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of their respective offices, and to comply with such other conditions as may from time to time be required by the Board of Directors.

6.1	Dividends.

6.2	Depositories. The monies of the Corporation shall be deposited in the name of the Corporation in such bank or banks or trust company or trust companies as the Board of Directors shall designate, and shall be drawn out only by check or other order for payment of money signed by such persons and in such manner as may be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

7.1	Written Notice. Written notice may be transmitted by mail, private carrier, or personal delivery; or telephone, wire, or wireless equipment that transmits a facsimile of the notice and provides the transmitter with an electronically generated receipt. Written notice to a director or the Corporation is effective upon receipt by

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7.2	Notice by Electronic Transmission. Notices to directors and stockholders from the Corporation may be in an electronic transmission given in accordance with applicable law.

7.3	Oral Notice. Any oral notice given to a director by personal communication over the telephone or otherwise may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who, the person giving the notice has reason to believe, will promptly communicate it to the director.

8.1	The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal which seal shall be in such form and bear such inscription as may be adopted by resolution of the Board of Directors.

9.1

Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative and whether or not brought by or in the right of the Corporation (a Proceeding) by reason of the fact that such person, or any other person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or while a director or officer of the Corporation is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans (an Indemnitee), against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys' fees) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful. The indemnification provided in this Section 9.1 and the advancement of expenses provided in Section 9.2 of these Bylaws shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors, continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent as aforesaid and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such Indemnitee. Any indemnification under this Section 9.1 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that the indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because such Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Section. Such determination shall be made, with respect to an Indemnitee who is a director or officer at the time of such determination, (1) by majority vote of the directors who are not party to such Proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (2) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.

9.2

Advancement of Expenses. The Corporation shall pay the expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by an Indemnitee in defending any Proceeding referred to in Section 9.1 of these Bylaws in advance of its final disposition; provided that the payment of expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of (i) a written affirmation of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the Indemnitee met the requisite standard of conduct and (ii) an undertaking by the Indemnitee to

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9.3

Claims. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article is not paid in full within sixty (60) days after a written claim therefore by the Indemnitee has been received by the Corporation, the Indemnitee may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the Indemnitee was not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses.

9.4

Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 9.1, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was unlawful, if such person's action is based on good faith reliance on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise.

9.5	Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Corporation may indemnify employees and agents of the Corporation pursuant to this Article IX to the same extent as an Indemnitee.

9.6

Non-exclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification under this Article IX for directors, officers, employees and agents shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have, or hereafter acquire, under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, other agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, insurance policy, principles of common law or equity, or otherwise.

9.7

Other Indemnification. The Corporation's obligation, if any, to indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such Indemnitee may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity.

9.8

Amendment or Repeal; Survival. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any Indemnitee in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article IX shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

9.9

Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of an individual who is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation, or who, while a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise, against liability asserted against or incurred by the individual in that capacity or arising from the individual’s status as a director, officer, employee, or agent, whether or not the Corporation would have power to indemnify the individual against the same liability under this Article IX.

9.10	Indemnification as a Witness. This Article IX does not limit a Corporation’s power to pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a director in connection with the director’s appearance as a witness in a proceeding at a time when the director has not been made a named defendant or respondent to the proceeding.

9.11

Interpretation. The provisions contained in this Article IX shall be interpreted and applied to provide indemnification to directors, officers, employees and agents of the Corporation to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, as such law may be amended, interpreted and applied from time to time. The obligations of the Corporation under this Article IX to indemnify, and advance expenses to, a person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation shall be considered a contract between the Corporation and such person, and no modification or repeal of any provision of this Article IX shall affect, to the detriment of such person,

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10.1

The Corporation shall maintain appropriate accounting records and shall keep as permanent records minutes of all meetings of its stockholders and Board of Directors, a record of all actions taken by the stockholders or the Board of Directors without a meeting and a record of all actions taken by a committee of the Board of Directors. In addition, the Corporation shall keep at its registered office or principal place of business, or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar, a record of its stockholders, giving the names and addresses of all stockholders in alphabetical order by class of shares showing the number and class of the shares held by each. Any books, records and minutes may be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time.

11.1	Execution of Corporate Instruments.

(a)

The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the Corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the Corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of the Corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the Corporation.

(b)	All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the Corporation or in special accounts of the Corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize to do so.

(c)	Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

11.2

Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation. All stock, equity interests and other securities of other entities owned or held by the Corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized to do so by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.

12.1	By Stockholders. These Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the stockholders in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.

12.2	By Directors. The Board of Directors shall have power to amend or repeal the Bylaws of, or adopt new Bylaws for, the Corporation.

12.3	Emergency Bylaws. The Board of Directors may adopt emergency Bylaws, subject to repeal or change by action of the stockholders, which shall be operative during any emergency in the conduct of the business of

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a.	Please sign and date this card in the space provided below.

b.	Please submit BOTH this signed proxy card AND the certification issued by the authorized intermediaries pursuant to Section 21 (and the following sections) of the Regulation enacted by the Bank of Italy and CONSOB on February 22, 2008 (or a complete copy) to the following address either by mail or by fax:

c.	You MUST include the certification issued by the authorized intermediaries pursuant to Section 21 (and the following sections) of the Regulation enacted by the Bank of Italy and CONSOB on February 22, 2008 (or a complete copy) together with this proxy card for your vote to be counted.

d.	Deadline: Your proxy card must be received at the above address (by mail or fax) prior to the adjournment of the Special Meeting on January 24, 2018. If you are depositing your vote in the mail after January 17, 2018, we recommend that you also submit the papers by fax to the above number.