Edgar Filing: Allegion plc

10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)



X	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



—	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-35971

ALLEGION PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Ireland		98-1108930
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Block D

Iveagh Court

Harcourt Road

Dublin 2, Ireland

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: +(353) (1) 2546200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares,		New York Stock Exchange
Par Value $0.01 per Share
5.875% Senior Notes due 2023		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES X NO

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES NO X

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES X NO

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:



Large accelerated filer X	Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer ___	Smaller reporting company
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES NO X

The aggregate market value of ordinary shares held by nonaffiliates on June 30, 2015 was approximately $7.6 billion based on the closing price of such stock on the New York Stock Exchange.

The number of ordinary shares outstanding as of February 22, 2016 was 96,097,400.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of the close of the registrant’s fiscal year in connection with the registrant’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held June 8, 2016 (the "Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference into Part II and Part III of this Form 10-K.

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ALLEGION PLC

Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS



			Page
Part I	Item 1.	Business	3

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11

	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	20

	Item 2.	Properties	20

	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	20

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	21

Part II	Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	22

	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	24

	Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	44

	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	46

	Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	47

	Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	47

	Item 9B.	Other Information	48

Part III	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	49

	Item 11.	Executive Compensation	49

	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	49

	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	49

	Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	49

Part IV	Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	50

	Signatures		55

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology generally intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements may relate to such matters as projections of revenue, margins, expenses, tax provisions, earnings, cash flows, benefit obligations, dividends, share purchases or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, including those relating to any statements concerning expected development, performance or market share relating to our products and services; any statements regarding future economic conditions or our performance; any statements regarding pending investigations, claims or disputes; any statements of expectation or belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are based on currently available information and our current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events. While we believe that our assumptions, expectations and projections are reasonable in view of the currently available information, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. You are advised to review any further disclosures we make on related subjects in materials we file with or furnish to the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and are not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to future events, risks and uncertainties - many of which are beyond our control - as well as potentially inaccurate assumptions, that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements.

Factors that might affect our forward-looking statements include, among other things:


•	economic, political and business conditions in the markets in which we operate;


•	the demand for our products and services;


•	competitive factors in the industry in which we compete;


•	the ability to protect and use intellectual property;


•	fluctuations in currency exchange rates;


•	the ability to complete and integrate any acquisitions;


•	our ability to operate efficiently and productively;


•	our ability to manage risks related to our information technology;


•	changes in tax requirements (including tax rate changes, new tax laws and revised tax law interpretations);


•	the outcome of any litigation, governmental investigations or proceedings;


•	interest rate fluctuations and other changes in borrowing costs;


•	other capital market conditions, including availability of funding sources and currency exchange rate fluctuations;


•	availability of and fluctuations in the prices of key commodities and the impact of higher energy prices;


•	potential further impairment of our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and/or our long-lived assets;


•	the possible effects on us of future legislation in the U.S. that may limit or eliminate potential U.S. tax benefits resulting from our incorporation in a non-U.S. jurisdiction, such as Ireland, or deny U.S. government contracts to us based upon our incorporation in such non-U.S. jurisdiction; and


•	the impact our substantial leverage may have on our business and operations

Some of the significant risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections are described more fully in Item 1A “Risk Factors.” You should read that information in conjunction with “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this report and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in Item 8 of this report. We note such information for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Allegion plc ("Allegion," "we," "us" or "the Company") is a leading global provider of security products and solutions that keep people safe, secure and productive. We make the world safer as a company of experts, securing the places where people thrive and we create peace of mind by pioneering safety and security. We offer an extensive and versatile portfolio of mechanical and electronic security products across a range of market-leading brands. Our experts across the globe deliver high-quality security products, services and systems and we use our deep expertise to serve as trusted partners to end-users who seek customized solutions to their security needs.



Allegion Principal Products
Door closers and controls	Door and door frames (steel)
Electronic security products	Electronic and biometric access control systems
Exit devices	Locks, locksets and key systems
Time, attendance and workforce productivity systems	Other accessories

Access control security products and solutions are critical elements in every building. Most door openings are custom-configured to maximize a room’s particular form and function while also meeting local and national building and safety code requirements and end-user security needs. Most buildings have multiple door openings, each serving its own purpose and requiring different specific access-control solutions. Each door must fit exactly within its frame, be prepared precisely for its hinges, synchronize with its specific lockset and corresponding latch and align with a specific key to secure the door. Moreover, security products are increasingly linked electronically, creating additional functionality and complexity.

We believe our ability to deliver a wide range of solutions that can be custom-configured to meet end-users’ security needs is a key driver of our success. We accomplish this with:


•	Our extensive and versatile product portfolio, combined with our deep expertise, which enables us to deliver the right products and solutions to meet diverse security and functional specifications;


•	Our consultative approach and expertise, which enables us to develop the most efficient and appropriate building security and access-control specifications to fulfill the unique needs of our end-users and their partners, including architects, contractors, home-builders and engineers; and


•	Our enterprise excellence capabilities, including our global manufacturing operations and agile supply chain, which facilitate our ability to deliver specific product and system configurations to end-users worldwide, quickly and efficiently.


•	stabilization of construction markets in key North American markets;


•	the convergence of mechanical and electronic security products;


•	heightened awareness of security requirements;


•	increased global urbanization; and


•	the shift to a digital, interconnected environment.

We believe slowly improving institutional and cautious growth in commercial industrial markets and continued recovery in residential markets in the United States and slight growth in Europe will offset unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates overseas. Additionally, we expect growth in the global electronic product categories we serve to outperform the security products industry as end-users adopt newer technologies in their facilities. Two of our acquisitions in 2015 (SimonsVoss Technologies GmbH and Milre Systek Co., Ltd.) were made to capitalize on this trend.

We operate in three geographic regions: Americas; Europe, Middle East, India and Africa ("EMEIA"); and Asia Pacific. We sell our products and solutions under the following brands:

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Allegion Brands
(listed alphabetically for each region)
Product Category	Americas	EMEIA	Asia Pacific
Locks/Locksets/Key Systems









Door Closers and Controls/Exit Devices

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Electronic Products and Access Control Systems, including Time, Attendance and Workforce Productivity







Product Category	Americas	EMEIA	Asia Pacific
Doors and Door Frames

Other Accessories

We sell a wide range of security products and solutions for end-users in commercial, institutional and residential facilities worldwide, including into the education, healthcare, government, hospitality, commercial office and single and multi-family residential markets. Our corporate brands are Schlage®, Von Duprin®, LCN®, CISA®, Interflex® and SimonsVoss®. We believe Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN hold the No. 1 position in their primary product categories in North America and CISA and Interflex hold the No.1 or No. 2 position in their primary product categories in certain European markets.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we generated revenues of $2,068.1 million and operating income of $358.6 million.

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Revenue By Geographic Destination		Revenue By Product Category

History and Developments

Allegion plc was incorporated in Ireland on May 9, 2013, to hold the commercial and residential security businesses of Ingersoll Rand plc ("Ingersoll Rand"). On December 1, 2013, Allegion became a stand-alone public company after Ingersoll Rand completed the separation of these businesses from the rest of Ingersoll Rand via the transfer of these businesses from Ingersoll Rand to Allegion and the issuance by Allegion of ordinary shares directly to Ingersoll Rand’s shareholders (the "Spin-off"). Our security businesses have long and distinguished operating histories. Several of our brands were established more than 75 years ago and many of our brands originally created their categories:


•	Von Duprin, established in 1908, was awarded the first exit device patent;


•	Schlage, established in 1920, was awarded the first patents granted for the cylindrical lock and the push button lock;


•	LCN, established in 1926, created the first door closure;


•	CISA, established in 1926, devised the first electronically controlled lock; and


•	Steelcraft Doors, established in 1927, developed the first mass-produced hollow metal door in 1942.

We have built upon these founding legacies since our entry into the security products market through the acquisition of Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN in 1974. Today, we continue to develop and introduce innovative and market-leading products. Recent examples of successful product launches are illustrated in the table below:



Product launch		Year	Innovation
	Schlage NDE Series wireless commercial lock	2014	Designed to be easy to install, connect, manage and use with ENGAGE connectivity platform
	Schlage Touch, Connect, Sense	2014/2015	New residential electronic locking platforms that provide for keyless entry (Touch), connected locking (Connect) and integration with the Apple HomeKit platform (Sense)
	AX Platform	2014	The first exit device that meets California's stringent maximum force requirements
	CISA eSigno Platform	2013	Allows hotel owners to choose easily between different product types compatible with a single modular platform
	aptiQ Mobile Platform	2013	A new generation of access control that allows users to replace wallets, keys and cards with smartphone based credentials

Industry and Competition

Based on third party sources, we estimate that the size of the global markets we serve was approximately $30 billion in revenue in 2015 with compound annual growth of about 2 to 4% per year over the past three years. This growth rate primarily reflects cyclical challenges in the commercial, institutional and residential construction markets throughout North America and Europe as certain developing economies experienced higher growth rates during this period. Additionally, growth in electronic security products and solutions continues to outperform the industry as a whole as end-users adopt newer technologies in their facilities.

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We expect the security products industry will benefit from favorable long-term demographic trends such as continued urbanization of the global population, increased concerns about safety and security and technology-driven innovation.

The security products markets are highly competitive and fragmented throughout the world, with a number of large multi-national companies and thousands of smaller regional and local companies. This high fragmentation primarily reflects local regulatory requirements and highly variable end-user needs. We believe our principal global competitors are Assa Abloy AB, dorma+kaba Group, and Stanley Black & Decker Inc. We also face competition in various markets and product categories throughout the world, including from Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc. in the North American residential market. As we move into more technologically-advanced product categories, we may also compete against smaller, more specialized competitors.

Our success depends on a variety of factors, including brand and reputation, product breadth, quality and delivery capabilities, price and service capabilities. As many of our businesses sell through wholesale distribution, our success also depends on building and partnering with a strong channel network. Although price often serves as an important customer decision criterion, we also compete based on the breadth and quality of our products and solutions, our ability to custom-configure solutions to meet individual end-user requirements and our global supply chain.

Our Reporting Segments

We manufacture and sell mechanical and electronic security products and solutions in approximately 130 countries. Approximately 95% of our 2015 revenues were to customers in the North America, Western Europe and the Asia-Pacific regions.

The following table presents the relative percentages of total segment revenue attributable to each reporting segment for each of the last three fiscal years. See Note 23, “Business Segment Information,” to our annual consolidated financial statements for information regarding net revenues, operating income, and total assets by reportable segment:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2015	2014	2013
Americas	75%	74%	73%
EMEIA	19%	18%	19%
Asia Pacific	6%	8%	8%

Our Americas segment provides security products and solutions in approximately 30 countries throughout North America and South America. The segment offers a broad range of products and solutions including locks, locksets, key systems, door closers, exit devices, doors and door frames, electronic product and access control systems to end-users in the commercial, institutional and residential markets, including into the education, healthcare, government, commercial office and single and multi-family residential markets. This segment’s primary brands are Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN.

Our EMEIA segment provides security products and solutions in approximately 85 countries throughout Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa. The segment offers the same portfolio of products as the Americas segment, as well as time and attendance and workforce productivity solutions. This segment’s primary brands are Bricard, CISA, Interflex and SimonsVoss. This segment also resells Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN products, primarily in the Middle East.

Our Asia Pacific segment provides security products and solutions in approximately 14 countries throughout Asia Pacific. The segment offers the same portfolio of products as the Americas segment. This segment’s primary brands are Milre, Schlage, CISA, Von Duprin and LCN.

Products and Services

We offer an extensive and versatile portfolio of mechanical and electronic security products across a range of market-leading brands:


•	Locks, locksets and key systems: A broad array of cylindrical, tubular and mortise door locksets, security levers, and master key systems that are used to protect and control access. We also offer a range of portable security products, including bicycle, small vehicle and travel locks.


•	Door closers and exit devices: An extensive portfolio of life-safety products generally installed on fire doors and facility entrances and exits. Door closers are devices that automatically close doors after they are opened. Exit devices are generally horizontal attachments to doors and enable rapid exit from the premises.

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•	Electronic Security Products and Access Control Systems: A broad range of electrified locks, access control systems, biometric hand reader systems, key card and reader systems and accessories.


•	Time, Attendance and Workforce Productivity Systems: Products and services designed to help business customers manage and monitor workforce access control parameters, attendance and employee scheduling. We offer ongoing aftermarket services in addition to design and installation offerings.


•	Doors and Door Frames: A portfolio of hollow metal doors and door frames. In select geographies, we also provide installation and service maintenance services.


•	Other Accessories: A variety of additional security and product components, including hinges, door levers, door stops, lites, louvers and other accessories, as well as certain bathroom fittings products.

Customers

We sell most of our products and solutions through distribution and retail channels, ranging from specialty distribution to wholesalers. We have built a network of channel partners that help our customers choose the right solution to meet their security needs and help commercial and institutional end-users fulfill and install orders. We also sell through a variety of retail channels, ranging from large do-it-yourself home improvement centers to small, specialty showroom outlets. We work with our retail partners on developing marketing and merchandising strategies to maximize their sales per square foot of shelf space. Through our Interflex business, we provide products and solutions directly to end-users.

Our 10 largest customers represented approximately 24% of our total revenues in 2015. No single customer represented 10% or more of our total revenues in 2015.

Sales and Marketing

In markets where we sell through commercial and institutional distribution channels, we employ sales professionals around the world who work with a combination of end-users, security professionals, architects, contractors, engineers and distribution partners to develop specific custom-configured solutions for our end-users’ needs. Our field sales professionals are assisted by specification writers who work with architects, engineers and consultants to help design door openings and security systems to meet end-users’ functional, aesthetic and regulatory requirements. Both groups are supported by dedicated customer care and technical sales-support specialists worldwide. We also support our sales efforts with a variety of marketing efforts, including trade-specific advertising, cooperative distributor merchandising, digital marketing, and marketing at a variety of industry trade shows.

In markets in which we sell through retail and home-builder distribution channels, we have teams of sales, merchandising and marketing professionals who help drive brand and product awareness through our channel partners and to consumers. We utilize a variety of advertising and marketing strategies, including traditional consumer media, retail merchandising, digital marketing, retail promotions, and builder and consumer trade shows, to support these teams.

We also work actively with several regulatory bodies around the world to help promote effective and consistent safety and security standards. For example, we are members of Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, Security Industry Association, Smart Card Alliance, American Society of Healthcare Engineering, American Institute of Architects, Construction Specification Institute, ASSOFERMA (Italy), BHE (Germany) and UNIQ (France). We also have established the Safety and Security Institute in China, which helps to educate government officials, architects and builders and advocates for consistent building codes and standards that address end-users’ safety and security.

Production and Distribution

We manufacture our products in our geographic markets around the world. We operate 27 production facilities, including twelve in the Americas region, ten in EMEIA and five in Asia Pacific. We own 13 of these facilities and lease the others. Our strategy is to produce in the region of use, wherever appropriate, to allow us to be closer to the end-user and increase efficiency and timely product delivery.

In managing our network of production facilities, we focus on eliminating excess capacity, reducing cycle time through productivity, and harmonizing production practices and safety procedures.

We distribute our products through a broad network of channel partners. In addition, third-party logistics providers perform storage and distribution services for us to support certain parts of our distribution network.

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Raw Materials

We support our region-of-use production strategy with corresponding region-of-use supplier partners, where available. Our global and regional commodity teams work with production leadership, product management and materials management teams to ensure adequate materials are available for production.

We purchase a wide range of raw materials, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous metals, to support our production facilities. Where appropriate, we may enter into fixed-cost contracts to lower overall costs. We do not believe the loss of any particular supplier would be material to our business.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property, inclusive of certain patents, trademarks, copyrights, know-how, trade secrets and other proprietary rights, is important to our business. We create, protect and enforce our intellectual property investments in a variety of ways. We work actively in the U.S. and internationally to try to ensure the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property rights. We use trademarks on nearly all of our products and believe that such distinctive marks are an important factor in creating a market for our goods, in identifying us and in distinguishing our products from others. We consider our Schlage, Von Duprin, CISA and other associated trademarks to be among our most valuable assets, and we have registered these trademarks in a number of countries. Although certain proprietary intellectual property rights are important to our success, we do not believe we are materially dependent on any particular patent or license, or any particular group of patents or licenses.

Facilities

We operate through a broad network of sales offices, 27 production facilities and several distribution centers throughout the world. Our active properties represent approximately 5.5 million square feet, of which approximately 45% is leased.

The following table shows the location of our worldwide production facilities:



Production Facilities
Americas	EMEIA	Asia Pacific
Blue Ash, Ohio	Clamecy, France	Auckland, New Zealand
Bogota, Colombia	Durchhausen, Germany	Bucheon, South Korea
Bronx, New York	Duzce, Turkey	Jinshan, China
Burgaw, North Carolina	Faenza, Italy	Melbourne, Australia
Chino, California	Feuquieres, France	Sydney, Australia
Ensenada, Mexico	Monsampolo, Italy
Indianapolis, Indiana	Osterfeld, Germany
Middlefield, Ohio	Renchen, Germany
Princeton, Illinois	Siewierz, Poland
Security, Colorado	Veenendaal, Netherlands
Tecate, Mexico
Tijuana, Mexico

Research and Development

We are committed to investing in highly productive research and development capabilities, particularly in electro-mechanical systems. Our research and development ("R&D") expenditures were approximately $45.2 million, $43.3 million and $39.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

We concentrate on developing technology innovations that will deliver growth through the introduction of new products and solutions, and also on driving continuous improvements in product cost, quality, safety and sustainability.

We manage our R&D team as a global group with an emphasis on a global collaborative approach to identify and develop new technologies and worldwide product platforms. We are organized on a regional basis to leverage expertise in local standards and configurations. In addition to regional engineering centers in each geographic region, we also operate a global engineering center of excellence in Bangalore, India.

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Seasonality

Our business experiences seasonality that varies by product line. Because more construction and do-it-yourself projects occur during the second and third calendar quarters of each year in the Northern Hemisphere, our security product sales, typically, are higher in those quarters than in the first and fourth calendar quarters. However, our Interflex business typically experiences higher sales in the fourth calendar quarter due to project timing. Revenue by quarter for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:



	First Quarter	Second Quarter	Third Quarter	Fourth Quarter
2015	22%	25%	26%	27%
2014	22%	25%	26%	27%
2013	23%	26%	26%	25%

2015 fourth quarter revenue includes the full-quarter impact of the acquisitions of SimonsVoss, AXA and Milre.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had more than 9,400 employees, approximately 26% of whom have the terms of their employment covered under collective bargaining agreements. This includes non-management European employees who are represented by national and local works councils.

Environmental Regulation

We have a dedicated environmental program that is designed to reduce the utilization and generation of hazardous materials during the manufacturing process as well as to remediate identified environmental concerns. As to the latter, we are currently engaged in site investigations and remediation activities to address environmental cleanup from past operations at current and former manufacturing facilities.

We are sometimes a party to environmental lawsuits and claims and have received notices of potential violations of environmental laws and regulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") and similar state authorities. We have also been identified as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") for cleanup costs associated with off-site waste disposal at federal Superfund and state remediation sites. For all such sites, there are other PRPs and, in most instances, our involvement is minimal.

In estimating our liability, we have assumed that we will not bear the entire cost of remediation of any site to the exclusion of other PRPs who may be jointly and severally liable. The ability of other PRPs to participate has been taken into account, based on our understanding of the parties’ financial condition and probable contributions on a per site basis. Additional lawsuits and claims involving environmental matters are likely to arise from time to time in the future.

We incurred $4.4 million, $2.9 million, and $2.1 million of expenses during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, for environmental remediation at sites presently or formerly owned or leased by us. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we have recorded reserves for environmental matters of $15.2 million and $8.8 million. Of these amounts $2.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, relate to remediation of sites previously disposed by us. Given the evolving nature of environmental laws, regulations and technology, the ultimate cost of future compliance is uncertain.

Available Information

We are required to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The public may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that are filed by us at http://www.sec.gov.

In addition, this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as future quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to all of the foregoing reports, are made available free of charge on our Internet website (http://www.allegion.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference in this report.

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks below, together with all the other information included in this Form 10-K, in evaluating us and our ordinary shares. If any of the risks below actually occurs, our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. Any such adverse effect may cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to decline, and as a result, you could lose all or part of your investment in us. Our business may also be adversely affected by risks and uncertainties not known to us or risks that we currently believe to be immaterial.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our global operations subject us to economic risks.

We are incorporated in Ireland and operate in countries worldwide. Our global operations depend on products manufactured, purchased and sold in the U.S. and internationally, including in Australia, China, Europe, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and Turkey. Accordingly, we are subject to risks that are inherent in operating globally, including:


•	changes in laws and regulations or imposition of currency restrictions and other restraints in various jurisdictions;


•	limitation of ownership rights, including expropriation of assets by a local government, and limitation on the ability to repatriate earnings;


•	sovereign debt crises and currency instability in developed and developing countries;


•	imposition of burdensome tariffs and quotas;


•	difficulty in staffing and managing global operations;


•	difficulty in enforcing agreements, collecting receivables and protecting assets through non-U.S. legal systems;


•	national and international conflict, including war, civil disturbances and terrorist acts; and


•	economic downturns and social and political instability.

These risks could increase our cost of doing business internationally, increase our counterparty risk, disrupt our operations, disrupt the ability of suppliers and customers to fulfill their obligations and limit our ability to sell products in certain markets.

Our business relies on the commercial and residential construction and remodeling markets.

We primarily rely on the commercial and residential construction and remodeling markets, which are marked by cyclicality based on overall economic conditions. Weakness or instability in these markets may cause current and potential customers to delay or choose not to make purchases, which could negatively impact the demand for our products and services.

We operate in highly competitive markets.

The markets in which we operate include a large number of participants, including multi-national companies, regional companies and small local companies. We primarily compete on the basis of quality, innovation, expertise, breadth of product offering and price. We may be unable to effectively compete on all these bases. If we are unable to anticipate evolving trends in the market or the timing and scale of our competitors’ activities and initiatives, the demand for our products and services could be negatively impacted.

In addition, we compete in a market that is experiencing the convergence of the mechanical and electronic products. This may lead to increased competition, including with companies with greater financial and other resources than we have. To remain competitive, we must develop new products and respond to new technologies in a timely manner.

Our growth is dependent, in part, on the development, commercialization and acceptance of new products and services.

We must develop and commercialize new products and services in order to remain competitive in our current and future markets and in order to continue to grow our business. We cannot provide any assurance that any new product or service will be successfully commercialized in a timely manner, if ever, or, if commercialized, will result in returns greater than our investment. Investment in a product or service could divert our attention and resources from other projects that become more commercially viable in the market. We also cannot provide any assurance that any new product or service will be accepted by the market.

Changes in customer preferences and the inability to maintain beneficial relationships with large customers could adversely affect our business.

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We have significant customers, particularly major retailers, although no one customer represented 10% or more of our total revenues in any of the past three fiscal years. The loss or material reduction of business, the lack of success of sales initiatives or changes in customer preferences or loyalties for our products related to any such significant customer could have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, major customers who are volume purchasers are much larger than us and have strong bargaining power with suppliers. This limits our ability to recover cost increases through higher selling prices. Furthermore, unanticipated inventory adjustments by these customers can have a negative impact on sales.

Our brands are important assets of our businesses and violation of our trademark rights by imitators could negatively impact revenues and brand reputation.

Our brands and trademarks enjoy a reputation for quality and value and are important to our success and competitive position. Unauthorized use of our trademarks may not only erode sales of our products, but may also cause significant damage to our brand name and reputation, interfere with relationships with our customers and increase litigation costs. There can be no assurance that our on-going effort to protect our brand and trademark rights will prevent all violations.

Currency exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect our results.

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in currency exchange rates. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk.”

Approximately 30% of our 2015 net revenues were derived outside the U.S., and we expect sales to non-U.S. customers to continue to represent a significant portion of our consolidated net revenues. Although we may enter into currency exchange contracts to reduce our risk related to currency exchange fluctuations, changes in the relative fair values of currencies occur from time to time and may, in some instances, have a material impact on our results of operations. Because we do not hedge against all of our currency exposure our business will continue to be susceptible to currency fluctuations.

We also translate assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies into U.S. dollars for our consolidated financial statements based on applicable exchange rates. Consequently, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to other currencies will have a material impact on the value of these items in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency.

Our business strategy includes making acquisitions and investments that complement our existing business. These acquisitions and investments could be unsuccessful or consume significant resources, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We will continue to analyze and evaluate the acquisition of strategic businesses or product lines with the potential to strengthen our industry position or enhance our existing set of products and services offerings. We cannot assure you that we will identify or successfully complete transactions with suitable acquisition candidates in the future, nor can we assure you that completed acquisitions will be successful.

Acquisitions and investments may involve significant cash expenditures, debt incurrence, operating losses and expenses. Acquisitions involve numerous other risks, including:


•	diversion of management time and attention from daily operations;


•	difficulties integrating acquired businesses, technologies and personnel into our business;


•	difficulties in obtaining and verifying the financial statements and other business information of acquired businesses;


•	inability to obtain regulatory approvals and/or required financing on favorable terms;


•	potential loss of key employees, key contractual relationships or key customers of acquired companies or of us;


•	assumption of the liabilities and exposure to unforeseen liabilities of acquired companies; and


•	dilution of interests of holders of our ordinary shares through the issuance of equity securities or equity-linked securities.

We may also expand through acquisitions or investments into international markets in which we may have limited experience or are required to rely on business partners. In addition to the risks outlined above, expansion into international markets may require us to compete with local businesses with greater knowledge of the market, including the tastes and preferences of customers, and businesses with dominant market shares.

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It may be difficult for us to complete transactions quickly, integrate acquired operations efficiently into our current business operations or effectively compete in new markets we enter. Any acquisitions or investments may ultimately harm our business or financial condition, as such acquisitions may not be successful and may ultimately result in impairment charges.

Our enterprise excellence efforts may not achieve the improvements we expect.

We utilize a number of tools to improve operational efficiency and productivity. Implementation of new processes to our operations could cause disruptions and there is no assurance that all of our planned enterprise excellence projects will be fully implemented, or if implemented will realize the expected improvements.

Our EMEIA restructuring plans may not be successful.

We have implemented a plan to restructure our EMEIA segment to improve efficiencies and regional cost structure. If we are unable to successfully implement our restructuring plan, we may not be able to improve profitability or effectively compete in the region. In addition, our restructuring plans could result in significant restructuring charges and impairment charges.

Material adverse legal judgments, fines, penalties or settlements could adversely affect our business.

We are currently and may in the future become involved in legal proceedings and disputes incidental to the operation of our business. Our business may be adversely affected by the outcome of these proceedings and other contingencies (including, without limitation, environmental matters) that cannot be predicted with certainty. As required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), we establish reserves based on our assessment of contingencies. Subsequent developments in legal proceedings and other contingencies may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingency recorded as a reserve and we may be required to make additional material payments.

Allegations that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of third parties could negatively affect us.

We may be subject to claims of infringement of intellectual property rights by third parties. In particular, we often compete in areas having extensive intellectual property rights owned by others and we have become subject to claims alleging infringement of intellectual property rights of others. In general, if it is determined that one or more of our technologies, products or services infringes the intellectual property rights owned by others, we may be required to cease marketing those services, to obtain licenses from the holders of the intellectual property at a material cost or to take other actions to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights. The litigation process is costly and subject to inherent uncertainties, and we may not prevail in litigation matters regardless of the merits of our position. Adverse intellectual property litigation or claims of infringement against us may become extremely disruptive if the plaintiffs succeed in blocking the trade of our products and services and may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our reputation, ability to do business and results of operations could be impaired by improper conduct by any of our employees, agents or business partners.

We are subject to regulation under a variety of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies including laws related to anti-corruption, export and import compliance, anti-trust and money laundering, due to our global operations. We cannot provide assurance our internal controls will always protect us from the improper conduct of our employees, agents and business partners. Any improper conduct could damage our reputation and subject us to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties, material fines, equitable remedies (including profit disgorgement and injunctions on future conduct), securities litigation and a general loss of investor confidence.

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We may be subject to risks relating to our information technology systems.

We rely extensively on information technology systems to manage and operate our business. There can be no assurance that our current information technology systems will function properly. We have invested and will continue to invest in improving our information technology systems. Some of these investments are significant and impact many important operational processes and procedures. There is no assurance that any newly implemented information technology systems will improve our current systems, will improve our operations, or will yield the expected returns on the investments. In addition, the implementation of new information technology systems may cause disruptions in our operations and, if not properly implemented, negatively impact our business. If our information technology systems cease to function properly or if these systems do not provide the anticipated benefits, our ability to manage our operations could be impaired.

We currently rely on a single vendor for many of the critical elements of our global information technology infrastructure and its failure to provide effective support for such infrastructure could negatively impact our business and financial results.

We have outsourced many of the critical elements of our global information technology infrastructure to a third-party service provider in order to achieve efficiencies. If the service provider does not perform or does not perform effectively, we may not be able to achieve the expected efficiencies and may have to incur additional costs to address failures in providing service by the service provider. Depending on the function involved, such non-performance, ineffective performance or failures of service may lead to business disruptions, processing inefficiencies or security breaches.

Our information technology infrastructure is important to our business and data security breaches or disruptions of such infrastructure could negatively impact our business and financial results.

Our information technology infrastructure is subject to cyber-attacks and unauthorized security intrusions. Despite instituting security policies and business continuity plans, our systems and networks may be vulnerable to system damage, malicious attacks from hackers, employee errors or misconduct, viruses, power and utility outages, and other catastrophic events that could cause significant harm to our business by negatively impacting our business operations, compromising the security of our proprietary information and exposing us to litigation that could adversely affect our reputation.

Commodity shortages and price increases could negatively affect our financial results.

We rely on suppliers to secure commodities, including steel, zinc, brass and other non-ferrous metals, required for the manufacture of our products. A disruption of deliveries from our suppliers or decreased availability of commodities could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. We believe that available sources of supply will generally be sufficient for our needs for the foreseeable future. Nonetheless, the unavailability of some commodities could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Volatility in the prices of these commodities could increase the costs of our products and services, and we may not be able to pass on these costs to our customers. We do not currently use financial derivatives to hedge against this volatility, however, we utilize firm purchase commitments to mitigate risk. The pricing of some commodities we use is based on market prices. To mitigate this exposure, we may use annual price contracts to minimize the impact of inflation and to benefit from deflation.

We may be required to recognize impairment charges for our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets.

At December 31, 2015, the net carrying value of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled approximately $714.1 million and $62.1 million. In accordance with GAAP, we periodically assess these assets to determine whether they are impaired. Negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, unexpected changes or planned changes in use of assets, divestitures and market capitalization declines may result in recognition of impairment charges.

Successful sales and marketing efforts depend on our ability to recruit and retain qualified employees.

Our ability to successfully grow our business depends on the contributions and abilities of key executives, our sales force and other personnel, including the ability of our sales force to adapt to any changes made in the sales organization and achieve adequate customer coverage. We must therefore continue to recruit, retain and motivate management, sales and other personnel sufficiently to maintain our current business and support our projected growth. A shortage of these key employees might jeopardize our ability to grow and expand our business.

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Our operations are subject to regulatory risks.

Our U.S. and non-U.S. operations are subject to a number of laws and regulations, including fire and building codes and standards, environmental and health and safety. We have incurred, and will be required to continue to incur, significant expenditures to comply with these laws and regulations. Changes to, or changes in interpretations of, current laws and regulations could require us to increase our compliance expenditures, cause us to significantly alter or discontinue offering existing products and services or cause us to develop new products and services. Altering current products and services or developing new products and services to comply with changes in the applicable laws and regulations could require significant research and development investments, increase the cost of providing the products and services and adversely affect the demand for our products and services.

We may not have been, or we may not at all times be, in full compliance with these laws and regulations. In the event a regulatory authority concludes that we are not or have not at all times been in full compliance with these laws, we could be fined, criminally charged or otherwise sanctioned.

Certain environmental laws assess liability on current or previous owners of real property or operators of manufacturing facilities for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances or materials at such properties or at properties at which parties have disposed of hazardous substances. Liability for investigative, removal and remedial costs under certain U.S. federal and state laws and certain non-U.S. laws are retroactive, strict and joint and several. In addition to cleanup actions brought by governmental authorities, private parties could bring personal injury or other claims due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances. We have received notification from U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies, including the EPA and similar state environmental agencies, that conditions at a number of current and formerly owned sites where we and others have disposed of hazardous substances require investigation, cleanup and other possible remedial action. These agencies may require that we reimburse the government for its costs incurred at these sites or otherwise pay for the costs of investigation and cleanup of these sites, including by providing compensation for natural resource damage claims from such sites. For more information, see “Business - Environmental Regulation.”

While we have planned for future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with environmental laws and have accrued for costs related to current remedial efforts, our costs of compliance, or our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposures to, hazardous substances may exceed our estimates. We may also be subject to additional environmental claims for personal injury or cost recovery actions for remediation of facilities in the future based on our past, present or future business activities.

The capital and credit markets are important to our business.

Instability in U.S. and global capital and credit markets, including market disruptions, limited liquidity and interest rate volatility, or reductions in the credit ratings assigned to us by independent ratings agencies could reduce our access to capital markets or increase the cost of funding our short and long term credit requirements. In particular, if we are unable to access capital and credit markets on terms that are acceptable to us, we may not be able to make certain investments or fully execute our business plans and strategy.

Our suppliers and customers are also dependent upon the capital and credit markets. Limitations on the ability of customers, suppliers or financial counterparties to access credit could lead to insolvencies of key suppliers and customers, limit or prevent customers from obtaining credit to finance purchases of our products and services and cause delays in the delivery of key products from suppliers.

We may not be able to sustain a competitive worldwide effective corporate tax rate.

We cannot give any assurance as to what our effective tax rate will be in future years, because of, among other things, uncertainty regarding the geographic mix of income and the tax policies of the jurisdictions where we operate. Our actual effective tax rate may vary from our expectation and that variance may be material. Additionally, the tax laws of Ireland and other jurisdictions could change in the future, and such changes could cause a material change in our effective tax rate.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our substantial leverage could harm our business by limiting our available cash and our access to additional capital and, to the extent of our variable rate indebtedness, exposing us to interest rate risk.

We have approximately $1.5 billion of outstanding indebtedness at December 31, 2015. In addition, we have a senior secured revolving credit facility that permits borrowings of up to an additional $500 million. Volatility in the credit markets could adversely

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impact our ability to obtain favorable terms on financing in the future. In addition, a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations is dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness and will not be available for other purposes, including our operations, capital expenditures, payment of dividends, share repurchase programs and future business opportunities. We may be more vulnerable than a less leveraged company to a downturn in the general economic conditions or in our business, or we may be unable to carry out capital spending that is important to our growth. We may be vulnerable to interest rate increases, as certain of our borrowings, including those under our senior secured credit facilities, are at variable rates.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which actions may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flow from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness. For more information see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, reduce or eliminate the payment of dividends, sell assets, seek additional capital or seek to restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to sell material assets or operations to attempt to meet our debt service and other obligations. The terms of the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes contain customary financial covenants that may restrict our ability to use the proceeds from asset sales and therefore may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.

Despite our levels of indebtedness, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial leverage.

We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although the terms of the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes contain customary restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. In addition, our senior secured revolving credit facility permits borrowings of up to $500 million. If we incur additional debt above the levels we currently have, the risks associated with our leverage, including those described above, would increase.

The terms of our debt covenants could limit how we conduct our business and our ability to raise additional funds.

The terms of the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes may restrict us from taking certain actions that we may think are in the best interests of our shareholders. A breach of the covenants or restrictions could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:


•	limited in how we conduct our business;


•	limited in our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our shareholders;


•	unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or


•	unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.

These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our plans.

These covenants and restrictions could affect our ability to operate our business, and may limit our ability to react to market conditions or take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. Additionally, our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including general economic and credit conditions and industry downturns, and the other factors described in these “risk factors.”

Our variable rate indebtedness may expose us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt costs to increase significantly.

A portion of our borrowings at December 31, 2015 include a term loan with a variable rate of interest which exposes us to interest rate risk. We are exposed to the risk of rising interest rates to the extent that we fund our operations with short-term or variable-rate borrowings. At December 31, 2015, we have approximately $1.5 billion of aggregate debt outstanding, and this amount includes $927 million of floating-rate term loans and $600 million of our fixed-rate senior notes. We have the ability to incur up

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to $500 million of additional floating-rate debt under our senior secured revolving credit facility. We entered into forward starting interest rate swaps for $300.0 million of our floating-rate term loans to manage our interest rate risk. A 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would have resulted in incremental 2015 interest expense of approximately $6.5 million. If the LIBOR or other applicable base rates under our senior secured credit facilities increase in the future then the floating-rate debt could have a material effect on our interest expense.

Risks Relating to the Spin-off

In connection with the Spin-off, Ingersoll Rand indemnified us for certain liabilities and we indemnified Ingersoll Rand for certain liabilities. If we are required to act on these indemnities to Ingersoll Rand, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations and our financial results could be negatively impacted. The Ingersoll Rand indemnity may not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of liabilities for which it will be allocated responsibility, and Ingersoll Rand may not be able to satisfy its indemnification obligations in the future.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement and the Tax Matters Agreement with Ingersoll Rand, Ingersoll Rand agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we agreed to indemnify Ingersoll Rand for certain liabilities, in each case for uncapped amounts. Such indemnities may be significant and could negatively impact our business, particularly indemnities relating to our actions that could impact the tax-free nature of the Spin-off. Third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that Ingersoll Rand retained. Further, the indemnity from Ingersoll Rand may not be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, and Ingersoll Rand may not be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Ingersoll Rand any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves.

If the distribution or certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the spin-off are determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we, our shareholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax and/or Ingersoll Rand could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify Ingersoll Rand for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement.

Ingersoll Rand has received an IRS ruling substantially to the effect that, among other things, the distribution of our ordinary shares, together with certain related transactions, qualify under Sections 355 and 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code ("the Code"), with the result that Ingersoll Rand and Ingersoll Rand’s shareholders will not recognize any taxable income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Spin-off, except to the extent of cash received in lieu of fractional shares (the "IRS Ruling"). The IRS Ruling also provided that certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the distribution qualify for favorable treatment under the Code. In addition to obtaining the IRS Ruling, Ingersoll Rand received opinions from the law firm of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP substantially to the effect that certain requirements, including certain requirements that the IRS did not rule on, necessary to obtain tax-free treatment have been satisfied, such that the distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes and certain other matters relating to the distribution, including certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the distribution, received tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code. The receipt and effectiveness of the IRS Ruling and the opinions were conditions to the distribution that were satisfied or waived by Ingersoll Rand. The IRS Ruling and the opinions rely on certain facts and assumptions and certain representations and undertakings from us and Ingersoll Rand regarding the past and future conduct of our respective businesses and other matters. Notwithstanding the IRS Ruling and the opinions, the IRS could determine on audit that the distribution or the internal transactions should be treated as taxable transactions if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings is not correct or has been violated, or that the distribution or the internal transactions should be taxable for other reasons, including as a result of significant changes in shares or asset ownership after the distribution. A legal opinion represents the tax adviser’s best legal judgment, is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the opinion. In addition, the opinion will be based on current law, and cannot be relied upon if current law changes with retroactive effect. If the distribution is determined to be taxable, the distribution could be treated as a taxable dividend or capital gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and our shareholders could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. In addition, we or Ingersoll Rand could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities if it is ultimately determined that certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the distribution are taxable.

In addition, under the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, in the event the distribution or the internal transactions were determined to be taxable as a result of actions taken after the distribution by us or Ingersoll Rand, the party responsible for such failure would be responsible for all taxes imposed on us or Ingersoll Rand as a result thereof. If such failure is not the result of actions taken after the distribution by us or Ingersoll Rand, then we would be responsible for any taxes imposed on us or Ingersoll Rand as a result of such determination. Such tax amounts could be significant.

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If the distribution is determined to be taxable for Irish tax purposes, significant Irish tax liabilities may arise.

Ingersoll Rand has received an opinion of the Irish Revenue regarding the Irish tax consequences of the distribution to the effect that certain reliefs and exemptions for corporate reorganizations apply. In addition to obtaining the opinion from Irish Revenue, Ingersoll Rand received an opinion from the law firm of Arthur Cox confirming the applicability of the relevant exemptions and reliefs to the distribution and that certain internal transactions will not trigger tax costs. These opinions rely on certain facts and assumptions and certain representations and undertakings from us and Ingersoll Rand regarding the past and future conduct of our respective businesses and other matters. Notwithstanding the opinions, Irish Revenue could determine on audit that the distribution or the internal transactions do not qualify for the relevant exemptions or reliefs if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings is not correct or has been violated. A legal opinion represents the tax adviser’s best legal judgment, is not binding on Irish Revenue or the courts and Irish Revenue or the courts may not agree with the legal opinion. In addition, the legal opinion was based on current law, and cannot be relied upon if current law changes with retroactive effect. If the distribution ultimately is determined not to fall within certain exemptions or reliefs, the distribution could result in our shareholders having an Irish tax liability as a result of the distribution (if a shareholder is an Irish resident or holds shares in Ingersoll Rand in an Irish branch or agency), or we or Ingersoll Rand could incur Irish tax liabilities.

In addition, under the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, in the event the distribution does not qualify for certain reliefs or exemptions, then we would be responsible for any taxes imposed on us or Ingersoll Rand as a result of such determination. Such tax amounts could be significant.

Risks Related to Our Incorporation in Ireland

Irish law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and may afford less protection to holders of our securities.

The United States currently does not have a treaty with Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. As such, there is some uncertainty as to whether the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers based on U.S. federal or state civil liability laws, including the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws, or hear actions against us or those persons based on those laws.

As an Irish company, we are governed by the Irish Companies Act, which differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including, among others, differences relating to interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits. Likewise, the duties of directors and officers of an Irish company generally are owed to the company only. Shareholders of Irish companies generally do not have a personal right of action against directors or officers of the company and may exercise such rights of action on behalf of the company only in limited circumstances. Accordingly, holders of our securities may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would holders of securities of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the United States.

In addition, Irish law allows shareholders to authorize share capital which then can be issued by a board of directors without shareholder approval. Also, subject to specified exceptions, Irish law grants statutory preemptive rights to existing shareholders to subscribe for new issuances of shares for cash. However, we have opted out of these preemption rights in our Articles of Association as permitted under Irish company law. Irish law provides that this opt-out expires after five years unless renewed by a special resolution of the shareholders. These authorizations must be renewed by the shareholders every five years and we cannot guarantee that these authorizations will always be approved.

Changes in tax laws, regulations or treaties, changes in our status under the tax laws of many jurisdictions or adverse determinations by taxing authorities could increase our tax burden or otherwise affect our financial condition or operating results, as well as subject our shareholders to additional taxes.

The realization of any tax benefit related to our incorporation and tax residence in Ireland could be impacted by changes in tax laws, tax treaties or tax regulations or the interpretation or enforcement thereof by the tax authorities of many jurisdictions. From time to time, proposals have been made and/or legislation has been introduced to change the tax laws of various jurisdictions or limit tax treaty benefits that if enacted could materially increase our tax burden and/or effective tax rate. For instance, recent U.S. legislative proposals could modify or eliminate the tax deductibility of various currently deductible payments, which could materially and adversely affect our effective tax rate and cash tax position. Moreover, other U.S. legislative proposals could have a material adverse impact on us by overriding certain tax treaties and limiting the treaty benefits on certain payments by our U.S. subsidiaries to our non-U.S. affiliates, which could increase our tax liability. We cannot predict the outcome of any specific legislation in any jurisdiction.

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While we monitor proposals that would materially impact our tax burden and/or effective tax rate and investigate our options, we could still be subject to increased taxation on a going forward basis no matter what action we undertake if certain legislative proposals are enacted, certain tax treaties are amended and/or our interpretation of applicable tax law is challenged and determined to be incorrect. In particular, any changes and/or differing interpretations of applicable tax law that have the effect of disregarding our incorporation in Ireland, limiting our ability to take advantage of tax treaties between jurisdictions, modifying or eliminating the deductibility of various currently deductible payments, or increasing the tax burden of operating or being resident in a particular country, could subject us to increased taxation.

Dividends received by our shareholders may be subject to Irish dividend withholding tax.

In certain circumstances, we are required to deduct Irish dividend withholding tax (currently at the rate of 20%) from dividends paid to our shareholders. In the majority of cases, shareholders resident in the United States will not be subject to Irish withholding tax, and shareholders resident in a number of other countries will not be subject to Irish withholding tax provided that they complete certain Irish dividend withholding tax forms. However, some shareholders may be subject to withholding tax, which could discourage the investment in our stock and adversely impact on the price of our shares.

Dividends received by our shareholders could be subject to Irish income tax.

Dividends paid in respect of our shares generally are not subject to Irish income tax where the beneficial owner of these dividends is exempt from Irish dividend withholding tax, unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with Ireland other than his or her shareholding in Allegion.

Our shareholders who receive their dividends subject to Irish dividend withholding tax will generally have no further liability to Irish income tax on the dividends unless the beneficial owner of the dividend has some connection with Ireland other than his or her shareholding in Allegion.

Certain provisions in our Articles of Association, among other things, could prevent or delay an acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price of our ordinary shares.

Our Memorandum and Articles of Association contain provisions to deter takeover practices, inadequate takeover bids and unsolicited offers. These provisions include, amongst others:

•

a provision of our Articles of Association which generally prohibits us from engaging in a business combination with an interested shareholder (being (i) the beneficial owner of the relevant percentage of our voting shares or (ii) an affiliate or associate of us that has at any time within the last five years been the beneficial owner of the relevant percentage of our voting shares), subject to certain exceptions;


•	rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings;


•	the right of our Board of Directors to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval in certain circumstances, subject to applicable law; and


•	the ability of our Board of Directors to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors in certain circumstances.

We believe these provisions will provide some protection to our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors determines is in our best interests and our shareholders' best interests. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.

In addition, several mandatory provisions of Irish law could prevent or delay an acquisition of us. For example, Irish law does not permit shareholders of an Irish public limited company to take action by written consent with less than unanimous consent. We also will be subject to various provisions of Irish law relating to mandatory bids, voluntary bids, requirements to make a cash offer and minimum price requirements, as well as substantial acquisition rules and rules requiring the disclosure of interests in our shares in certain circumstances. Also, Irish companies, including us, may alter their Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association only with the approval of at least 75% of the votes of the company’s shareholders cast in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the company.

The agreements that we entered into with Ingersoll Rand in connection with the spin-off generally require Ingersoll Rand’s consent to any assignment by us of our rights and obligations under the agreements. The consent and termination rights set forth in these agreements might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that shareholders may consider favorable.

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Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

We operate through a broad network of sales offices, 27 production facilities and several distribution centers throughout the world. Our active properties represent about 5.5 million square feet, of which approximately 45% is leased.

The majority of our plant facilities are owned by us with the remainder under long-term lease arrangements. We believe that our plants have been well maintained, are generally in good condition and are suitable for the conduct of our business.

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, including commercial and contract disputes, employment matters, product liability claims, environmental liabilities, intellectual property disputes, and tax-related matters. In our opinion, pending legal matters are not expected to have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity or cash flows.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following is a list of executive officers of the Company as of February 26, 2016.

David D. Petratis, age 58, is our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Petratis served as the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Quanex Building Products Corporation (a manufacturer of engineered material and components for the building products markets) from 2008 to July 2013.

Patrick S. Shannon, age 53, is our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Shannon served as the Vice President and Treasurer of Ingersoll-Rand plc (a global diversified company) from August 2012 to August 2013. Mr. Shannon previously served as Ingersoll Rand’s Vice President, Audit Services from February 2010 to August 2012.

Jeffrey N. Braun, age 56, is our Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Mr. Braun served as our Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer from September 2013 to June 2014. Mr. Braun previously served as General Counsel of General Motors China, a subsidiary of General Motors Company (a global automotive company) from April 2010 to June 2013.

Timothy P. Eckersley, age 54, is our Senior Vice President - Americas. Mr. Eckersley served as Ingersoll Rand’s President, Security Technologies - Americas from November 2007 to November 2013.

Todd V. Graves, age 49, is our Senior Vice President - Technology and Engineering. Mr. Graves served as our Vice President - Technology and Engineering from December 2013 to January 2016. Mr. Graves served as Ingersoll Rand's Vice President - Technology and Engineering, Security Technologies, from February 2012 to December 2013. He also served as Vice President of ClearEdge Power (a fuel cell manufacturer) from May 2011 to January 2012 and as Division Vice President of Textron Inc. (a multi-industry manufacturer) from December 2008 to February 2011.

Tracy L. Kemp, age 47, is our Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer. Ms. Kemp served as our Vice President and Chief Information Officer from December 2013 to February 2015. Prior to that, Ms. Kemp served as Ingersoll Rand’s Vice President - Chief Information Officer, Security Technologies and Residential Solutions sectors from September 2011 to December 2013 and Vice President - Chief Information Officer, Residential Solutions sector from 2009 to September 2011.

Raymond H. Lewis Jr., age 51, is our Senior Vice President - Human Resources and Communications. Mr. Lewis served as Ingersoll Rand’s Vice President - Human Resources and Communications, Industrial Technologies from October 2010 to October 2013.

Lucia Veiga Moretti, age 51, is our Senior Vice President-EMEIA. Ms. Moretti previously served as Senior Vice President and President, Delphi Product and Service Solutions for Delphi Automotive (a supplier of automotive technologies) from August 2011 to February 2014 and Vice President, Global Independent Aftermarket from December 2010 to July 2011.

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Chris E. Muhlenkamp, age 58, is our Senior Vice President - Global Operations and Integrated Supply Chain. Mr. Muhlenkamp served as our Vice President - Global operations and Integrated Supply Chain from December 2013 to February 2014. Mr. Muhlenkamp served as Ingersoll Rand's Vice President - Operations and Global Integrated Supply Chain, Security Technologies, from March 2011 to December 2013 and served as General Director, Global Supply Management and Production Control and Logistics of Delphi Automotive (a vehicle components manufacturer) from January 2009 to March 2011.

Douglas P. Ranck, age 57, is our Vice President and Controller. Mr. Ranck served as Ingersoll Rand’s Global Controller and Financial Planning and Analysis Leader - Climate Solutions from June 2008 to October 2013.

Feng (William) Yu, age 51, is our Senior Vice President - Asia Pacific. Mr. Yu served as Ingersoll Rand’s President, Security Technologies - Asia Pacific from February 2011 to November 2013. Mr. Yu previously served as Ingersoll Rand's Vice President, Thermo King - Asia Pacific from 2008 to February 2011.

No family relationship exists between any of the above-listed executive officers of the Company. All officers are elected to hold office for one year or until their successors are elected and qualified.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Information regarding the principal market for our ordinary shares and related shareholder matters is as follows:

Our ordinary shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol ALLE. As of February 22, 2016, the number of record holders of ordinary shares was 3,447. The high and low sales price per share and the dividend declared per share for the following periods were as follows:



	Ordinary shares
2015	High		Low		Dividend
First quarter	$	61.91	$	52.79	$	0.10
Second quarter	63.18		59.10		0.10
Third quarter	64.68		56.07		0.10
Fourth quarter	68.03		58.08		0.10
2014	High		Low		Dividend
First quarter	$	55.35	$	43.65	$	0.08
Second quarter	57.62		48.29		0.08
Third quarter	57.37		47.64		0.08
Fourth quarter	55.91		45.06		0.08

Information regarding equity compensation plans required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement.

Dividend Policy

Our Board of Directors declared dividends of $0.10 per ordinary share on March 31, 2015, June 30, 2015, September 30, 2015 and December 30, 2015. On February 4, 2016 our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.12 per ordinary share payable on March 31, 2016. We paid a total of $38.3 million in cash for dividends to ordinary shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2015. Future dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements and surplus, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant, as well as our ability to pay dividends in compliance with the Irish Companies Act. Under the Irish Companies Act, dividends and distributions may only be made from distributable reserves. Distributable reserves, broadly, means the accumulated realized profits of Allegion plc (ALLE-Ireland). In addition, no distribution or dividend may be made unless the net assets of ALLE-Ireland are equal to, or in excess of, the aggregate of ALLE-Ireland’s called up share capital plus undistributable reserves and the distribution does not reduce ALLE-Ireland’s net assets below such aggregate.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our ordinary shares during the fourth quarter of 2015. In February 2014, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million of our ordinary shares. We paid a total of $30.0 million to repurchase 0.5 million ordinary shares during the year ended December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015 we have approximately $120 million available under the authorized share repurchase plan.

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Performance Graph

The annual changes for the period shown November 18, 2013 (when our ordinary shares began trading in the "when-issued" market) to December 31, 2015 in the graph on this page are based on the assumption that $100 had been invested in Allegion plc ordinary shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500") and the Standard & Poor's 400 Capital Goods Index ("S&P 400 Capital Goods") on November 18, 2013, and that all quarterly dividends were reinvested. The total cumulative dollar returns shown on the graph represent the value that such investments would have had on December 31, 2015.



	November 18, 2013	December 31, 2013	December 31, 2014	December 31, 2015
Allegion plc	100.00	91.16	115.11	137.71
S&P 500	100.00	103.44	117.59	119.22
S&P 400 Capital Goods	100.00	105.46	105.72	99.90

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Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

In millions, except per share amounts:



At and for the years ended December 31,	2015				2014				2013				2012			2011

Net revenues	$	2,068.1			$	2,118.3			$	2,069.6			$	2,023.3		$	1,998.3

Net earnings (loss) attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Continuing operations (d)	154.3			(a)	186.3			(b)	35.9			(c)	224.3			231.6
Discontinued operations	(0.4		)		(11.1		)		(3.6		)		(4.2		)	(6.3		)

Total assets	2,285.3				2,015.9				2,000.6				2,003.2			2,055.2

Total debt	1,545.4				1,264.6				1,343.9				5.0			4.9

Total Allegion plc shareholders’ equity (deficit)	25.6				(4.8		)		(66.1		)		1,362.6			1,432.8

Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Basic:
Continuing operations	$	1.61			$	1.94			$	0.37			$	2.34		$	2.41
Discontinued operations	(0.01		)		(0.12		)		(0.03		)		(0.04		)	(0.07		)

Diluted:
Continuing operations	$	1.59			$	1.92			$	0.37			$	2.34		$	2.41
Discontinued operations	—				(0.12		)		(0.03		)		(0.04		)	(0.07		)

Dividends declared per ordinary share	$	0.40			$	0.32			$	—			$	—		$	—


(a)	Net earnings from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes $104.2 million of losses related to the divestitures of our Venezuelan operations and our majority stake in Bocom Wincent Technologies Co., Ltd. ("Bocom").


(b)	Net earnings from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2014 includes an after-tax, non-cash inventory impairment charge of $18.7 million and a $9.1 million after-tax, non-cash charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar.

(c)

Net earnings from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 includes an after-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $131.2 million and $44.8 million of discrete tax adjustments consisting of $31.5 million of expense related to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets that are no longer expected to be utilized and $13.3 million of net tax expense resulting primarily from transactions occurring to effect the Spin-off.


(d)	Net earnings from continuing operations includes $174.5 million, $176.7 million and $160.5 million of centrally managed service costs and corporate allocations from Ingersoll Rand for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.

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Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which appears elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Overview

Organization

We are a leading global provider of security products and solutions operating in three geographic regions: Americas; EMEIA; and Asia Pacific. We sell a wide range of security products and solutions for end-users in commercial, institutional and residential markets worldwide, including into the education, healthcare, government, commercial office and single and multi-family residential markets. Our corporate brands include Schlage, Von Duprin, LCN, CISA, Interflex and SimonsVoss.

Trends and Economic Events

Current market conditions, including challenges in international markets, continue to impact our financial results. Uneven global commercial new construction activity is negatively impacting our results, however U.S. residential and consumer markets have begun to improve, and we are seeing improvements in the U.S. new builder and replacement markets.

Based on third party sources, we estimate that the size of the global markets we serve was approximately $30 billion in revenue in 2015 with compound annual growth of about 2 to 4% per year over the past three years. We believe that the security products industry will benefit from several global macroeconomic and long-term demographic trends, which include heightened awareness of security requirements, increased global urbanization and the shift to a digital, interconnected environment.We believe slowly improving institutional and cautious growth in commercial industrial markets and continued recovery in residential markets in the United States and slight growth in Europe will offset unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates overseas. Additionally, we expect growth in the global electronic product categories we serve to outperform the security products industry as end-users adopt newer technologies in their facilities. Two of our acquisitions in 2015 (SimonsVoss Technologies GmbH and Milre Systek Co., Ltd.) were made to capitalize on this trend.

The economic conditions discussed above and a number of other challenges and uncertainties that could affect our business are described under “Risk Factors.”

2015 Significant Events

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we completed six acquisitions or investments:



Business	Month	Primary business segment	Description of business
iDevices	February	Americas	A brand and development partner in the Internet of Things industry. The investment is accounted for using the equity method.
Zero	April	Americas	Manufactures door and window products for commercial spaces and products include sealing systems, such as sound control, fire and smoke protection, threshold applications, lites, door louvers, intumescent products, photo-luminescent and flood barrier for doors.
Brio	May	Asia-Pacific	Designs and manufactures sliding and folding door hardware for commercial and residential spaces.
Milre	July	Asia-Pacific	Produces high-quality and innovative electronic door locks.
SimonsVoss	September	EMEIA	Designs and manufactures electronic locks.
AXA	September	EMEIA	Manufactures and sells a branded portfolio of portable locks and lights as well as a wide variety of window and door hardware.

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Total consideration paid for these acquisitions was $511.3 million (net of cash acquired), paid through cash on hand and borrowings under our Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility ("Revolver").

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred $17.9 million of costs related to these acquisitions.

Divestitures

In the third quarter of 2015, we sold our majority ownership in our Venezuelan operation to Venezuelan investors. As a result of the sale, we recorded a non-cash charge of $26.1 million, which primarily represents cumulative currency translation adjustments that were deferred in equity and were reclassified to a loss in our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Prior to the divestiture, we recorded charges totaling $7.0 million (before tax and non-controlling interest) in 2015 related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar. The charges included remeasurement of net monetary assets ($2.8 million) and a non-cash impairment charge to adjust Venezuelan inventory balances ($4.2 million). As a result of the divestiture, we no longer have foreign currency exposures in Venezuela. The assets and liabilities of the Venezuela operation were reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale within the Consolidated Balance Sheets for prior periods.

We completed the sale of our majority stake of Bocom in the fourth quarter of 2015. Bocom operates a security system integration business exclusively in China. Under the terms of the transaction, we may receive up to $75 million based on future performance and additional payments of approximately $8.3 million related to working capital transferred with the sale. Additionally, we will retain 15% of the shares of Bocom. We estimate the fair value of the consideration to be $75.3 million. We currently estimate payment to be completed in approximately 2 years; however repayment may be delayed depending on the timing of future cash collections. We may incur additional charges if it is determined that future cash collections will no longer occur.

As a result of the sale, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $78.1 million ($82.4 million after tax charges) during the year ended December 31, 2015 to write the carrying value of Bocom’s assets and liabilities down to their estimated fair value less costs to complete the transaction. Bocom's assets and liabilities were reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale within the Consolidated Balance Sheets for prior periods.

2015 Dividends

We paid quarterly dividends of $0.10 per ordinary share to shareholders on March 31, 2015, June 30, 2015, September 30, 2015, and December 30, 2015. We paid a total of $38.3 million in cash for dividends to ordinary shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Restructuring charges

In the second quarter of 2015, management committed to a restructuring plan in Italy to improve our competitive position, ensure long-term viability and enhance customer experience. In conjunction with this plan, we incurred severance and other restructuring charges of $14.7 million and other charges of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Financing activities

In September 2015, we issued $300.0 million of Senior Notes due 2023 (the "2023 Senior Notes"). We used the net proceeds of the offering to repay a portion of the borrowings under our Revolver that were used to fund the acquisitions of SimonsVoss and AXA. The 2023 Senior Notes accrue interest at the rate of 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning March 15, 2016. The 2023 Senior Notes mature on September 15, 2023.

In September 2015, we completed the Second Amendment and Restatement Agreement to our Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment and Restatement, among other things, reduced the applicable margin for LIBOR rate borrowings to range from 1.375% to 1.875% (from 1.50% to 2.00%) and the applicable margin for base rate borrowings to range from 0.375% to 0.875% (from 0.50% to 1.00%) and extended the maturity date of the Revolver and the Term Loan Facility due in 2020 (the "Term Loan A Facility") from October 15, 2019 to October 15, 2020.

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Results of Operations - For the years ended December 31



Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data	2015			% of Revenues		2014			% of Revenues		2013			% of Revenues
Net revenues	$	2,068.1				$	2,118.3				$	2,069.6
Cost of goods sold	1,199.0			58.0	%	1,264.6			59.7	%	1,208.1			58.4	%
Selling and administrative expenses	510.5			24.7	%	527.4			24.9	%	483.1			23.3	%
Asset impairment	—			—	%	—			—	%	137.6			6.6	%
Operating income	358.6			17.3	%	326.3			15.4	%	240.8			11.6	%
Interest expense	52.9					53.8					10.2
Loss on divestitures	104.2					—					—
Other expense (income), net	(7.8		)			4.6					7.2
Earnings before income taxes	209.3					267.9					223.4
Provision for income taxes	54.6					84.2					175.0
Earnings from continuing operations	154.7					183.7					48.4
Discontinued operations, net of tax	(0.4		)			(11.1		)			(3.6		)
Net earnings	154.3					172.6					44.8
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	0.4					(2.6		)			12.5
Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc	$	153.9				$	175.2				$	32.3
Diluted net earnings per ordinary share attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Continuing operations	$	1.59				$	1.92				$	0.37
Discontinued operations	—					(0.12		)			(0.03		)
Net earnings	$	1.59				$	1.80				$	0.34

Net Revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by 2.4% ($50.2 million) compared to the same period in 2014 due to the following:



Pricing	0.6	%
Volume	4.8	%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	(1.0	)%
Currency exchange rates	(6.8	)%
Total	(2.4	)%

The decrease in net revenues was primarily driven by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements due to the strengthening of the US dollar against currencies in Canada, EMEIA and Asia-Pacific, the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the divestitures of our Venezuelan operations and Bocom. These decreases were partially offset by higher volumes and improved pricing in our Americas and EMEIA segments and revenue from the acquisitions discussed above.

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Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by 2.4% ($48.7 million) compared to the same period in 2013 due to the following:



Pricing	2.2	%
Volume	2.8	%
Acquisitions	0.4	%
Impact of consolidated Asia joint venture order flow change	(2.5	)%
Currency exchange rates	(0.5	)%
Total	2.4	%

The increase in net revenues was primarily driven by higher volumes, improved pricing and the impact of acquisitions in 2014. The pricing improvements were primarily driven by our consolidated joint venture in Venezuela and were largely offset by material inflation and other inflation in Venezuela. These increases were partially offset by the impact of the change in order flow through our consolidated joint venture in Asia in 2013.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the year ended December 31, 2015, cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue decreased to 58.0% from 59.7% due to the following:



Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	(1.1	)%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	(0.6	)%
Investment spending	0.3	%
Currency exchange rates	0.2	%
Non-cash inventory impairment	(1.4	)%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs / acquisition expenses	0.9	%
Total	(1.7	)%

Costs of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased primarily due to a $4.2 million non-cash inventory impairment charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar in the current year compared to a $33.3 million charge in the prior year, productivity benefits in excess of inflation and the divestitures of our Venezuelan operations and Bocom. These decreases were offset by increased restructuring costs primarily in our EMEIA segment, increased investment spending, the impact of the acquisitions discussed above and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue increased to 59.7% from 58.4% due to the following:



Productivity in excess of inflation	(0.6	)%
Volume/product mix	0.3	%
Investment spending	0.2	%
Currency exchange rates	(0.2	)%
Non-cash inventory impairment	1.6	%
Total	1.3	%

Costs of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased primarily due to a $33.3 million non-cash inventory impairment charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar, unfavorable channel/region mix offset by volume and increased investments/other items. These increases were partially offset by productivity benefits in excess of inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements.

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Selling and Administrative Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2015, selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 24.7% from 24.9% due to the following:



Other inflation in excess of productivity	0.1	%
Volume leverage	(1.2	)%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	1.0	%
Investment spending	0.7	%
Currency exchange rates	0.2	%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs / acquisition expenses	(1.0	)%
Total	(0.2	)%

Selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015 improved primarily due to favorable leverage due to increased volume, lower restructuring costs compared to the prior year and spin-related costs in the prior year that did not recur in the current year. These decreases were offset by increased costs related to the acquisitions in the current year, increased investment spending, unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and other inflation in excess of productivity.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 24.9% from 23.3% due to the following:



Restructuring / Spin-off costs	1.4	%
Investment spending	1.0	%
Impact of consolidated Asia joint venture order flow change	0.8	%
Productivity in excess of other inflation	(0.8	)%
Volume leverage	(0.9	)%
Currency exchange rates	0.1	%
Total	1.6	%

Selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014 was negatively impacted by increased restructuring charges, separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off, increased investment spending and the impact of the change in the order flow through our consolidated joint venture in Asia. These increases were partially offset by favorable leverage due to increased volume and productivity in excess of other inflation.

Operating Income/Margin

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $32.3 million from the same period in 2014 and operating margin increased to 17.3% from 15.4% for the same period in 2014 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2014	$	326.3		15.4	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	22.2			1.0	%
Volume/product mix	40.1			1.1	%
Non-cash inventory impairment	29.1			1.4	%
Currency exchange rates	(29.8		)	(0.4	)%
Investment spending and other items	(19.7		)	(0.9	)%
Acquisitions / divestitures	(12.1		)	(0.4	)%
Restructuring / spin costs / acquisition costs	2.5			0.1	%
December 31, 2015	$	358.6		17.3	%

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Operating income and operating margin increased primarily due to favorable volume/product mix primarily in our Americas segment, lower inventory impairment charges in Venezuela in the current year, pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation, the impact of acquisitions in the current year and Spin-off related costs in the prior year that did not recur in the current year. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, the divestitures of our Venezuelan operations and Bocom, increased investment spending primarily for new product development and channel development, higher restructuring costs compared to the prior year and costs incurred related to acquisitions in the current year.

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $85.5 million and operating margin increased to 15.4% from 11.6% for the same period in 2013 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2013	$	240.8		11.6	%
2013 goodwill impairment charge	137.6			6.7	%
2013 gain on sale of property	(21.5		)	(0.8	)%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	36.9			1.5	%
Volume/product mix	17.1			0.5	%
Non-cash inventory impairment	(33.3		)	(1.6	)%
Restructuring / spin costs	(24.8		)	(1.2	)%
Investment spending and other items	(26.5		)	(1.3	)%
December 31, 2014	$	326.3		15.4	%

Operating income and operating margin in 2013 included a $137.6 million goodwill impairment charge as well as a $21.5 million gain on the sale of property in China. Neither of these items recurred in 2014. Operating income in 2014 included a $33.3 million non-cash inventory impairment related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar. The remaining increase in operating income and operating margin was primarily due to pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation and favorable volume/product mix. These increases were partially offset by increased restructuring charges and non-recurring separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off and increased investments and other items.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $0.9 million compared to the same period in 2014. Interest expense in 2014 included a non-cash charge of approximately $4.5 million for the write-off of unamortized Term Loan B Facility debt issuance costs. Excluding this charge, interest expense increased primarily due to issuing the 2023 Senior Notes, partially offset by the impact of refinancing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities in the fourth quarter of 2014 and third quarter of 2015.

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $43.6 million compared with the same period of 2013 as a result of the full year impact resulting from entering into $1.0 billion Senior Secured Credit Facilities, issuing $300 million of senior notes in the fourth quarter of 2013 in conjunction with the Spin-off a non-cash charge of approximately $4.5 million for the write-off of unamortized Term Loan B Facility debt issuance costs.

Other (income) expense, net

The components of Other expense, net, for the year ended December 31 were as follows:



In millions	2015			2014			2013
Interest income	$	(1.5	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(0.8	)
Exchange loss	4.9			7.6			8.0
Other	(11.2		)	(1.9		)	—
Other (income) expense, net	$	(7.8	)	$	4.6		$	7.2

For the year ended December 31, 2015, Other (income) expense, net increased by $12.4 million compared to the same period in 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2015 we recorded gains from the sale of marketable securities of $11.0 million, which is included within Other in the table above. These gains were partially offset by a $2.8 million loss related to the write down of our Venezuelan bolivar-denominated net monetary assets to reflect the SIMADI rate recorded in the first quarter of 2015. This

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loss is within Exchange loss in the table above. The remaining decrease in Other (income) expense, net was primarily due to unfavorable currency impacts.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, Other expense, net decreased by $2.6 million compared with the same period in 2013. In the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a $12.1 million loss related to write down our Venezuelan bolivar-denominated net monetary assets. This loss is reflected as Exchange loss in the table above. In the prior year, we recorded a $6.2 million loss resulting from the official devaluation of the bolivar from 4.3 bolivars per U.S. dollar to 6.3 bolivars per U.S. dollar. The remaining decrease in Other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2014 was primarily due to other foreign currency gains in 2014.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2015, our effective tax rate decreased to 26.1% from 31.4% for the year ended December 31, 2014. The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was negatively impacted by $111.3 million ($115.0 million after-tax) of charges related to the divestiture of Bocom, the divestiture of our business in Venezuela and the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar. Excluding these charges, the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased primarily due to favorable changes in the mix of income earned in lower rate jurisdictions, the favorable resolution of uncertain tax positions in 2015 and the continued execution of our tax strategies.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, our effective tax rate was 31.4% compared to 78.3% for the year ended December 31, 2013. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2013 included the impact of a non-cash pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $137.6 million ($131.2 million after-tax). Additionally, the effective tax rate included $44.8 million of discrete tax adjustments consisting of $31.5 million of expense related to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets that are no longer expected to be utilized and $13.3 million of net tax expense resulting primarily from transactions occurring to effect the Spin-off. Excluding these items, the effective tax rate was 37.8%. The decrease in our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to favorable changes in the mix of pre-tax income earned in lower rate jurisdictions as well as favorable discrete tax benefits.

Our 2013 tax rate was above the U.S. statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to U.S. state and local taxes and net increases in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits partially offset by earnings in non-U.S. jurisdictions, which, in aggregate, had a lower effective rate.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations recognized a loss of $0.4 million, $11.1 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These losses were mainly related to the sale of the United Kingdom (UK) Door Business in the third quarter of 2014 in addition to non-cancelable lease expense and other miscellaneous expenses from previously sold businesses.

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Review of Business Segments

We operate in and report financial results for three segments: Americas, EMEIA, and Asia Pacific. These segments represent the level at which our chief operating decision maker reviews company financial performance and makes operating decisions.

Segment operating income is the measure of profit and loss that our chief operating decision maker uses to evaluate the financial performance of the business and as the basis for resource allocation, performance reviews, and compensation. For these reasons, we believe that Segment operating income represents the most relevant measure of segment profit and loss. Our chief operating decision maker may exclude certain charges or gains, such as corporate charges and other special charges, from Operating income to arrive at a Segment operating income that is a more meaningful measure of profit and loss upon which to base our operating decisions. We define Segment operating margin as Segment operating income as a percentage of Net revenues.

The segment discussions that follow describe the significant factors contributing to the changes in results for each segment included in continuing operations.

Segment Results of Operations - For the years ended December 31



in millions	2015			2014			% Change		2014			2013			% Change
Net revenues
Americas	$	1,558.4		$	1,560.0		(0.1	)%	$	1,560.0		$	1,514.7		3.0	%
EMEIA	386.3			393.4			(1.8	)%	393.4			401.4			(2.0	)%
Asia Pacific	123.4			164.9			(25.2	)%	164.9			153.5			7.4	%
Total	$	2,068.1		$	2,118.3				$	2,118.3		$	2,069.6

Segment operating income (loss)
Americas	$	418.0		$	387.3		7.9	%	$	387.3		$	392.1		(1.2	)%
EMEIA	8.6			4.9			75.5	%	4.9			(0.3		)	(1,733.3	)%
Asia Pacific	(3.4		)	2.3			(247.8	)%	2.3			25.4			(90.9	)%
Total	$	423.2		$	394.5				$	394.5		$	417.2

Segment operating margin
Americas	26.8		%	24.8		%			24.8		%	25.9		%
EMEIA	2.2		%	1.2		%			1.2		%	(0.1		)%
Asia Pacific	(2.8		)%	1.4		%			1.4		%	16.5		%

Americas

Our Americas segment is a leading provider of security products and solutions in approximately 30 countries throughout North America and South America. The segment sells a broad range of products and solutions including, locks, locksets, key systems, door closers, exit devices, doors and door frames, electronic product and access control systems to end-users in commercial, institutional and residential facilities, including into the education, healthcare, government, commercial office and single and multi-family residential markets. This segment’s primary brands are Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN.

2015 vs 2014

Net revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by 0.1% ($1.6 million) compared to the same period in 2014 due to the following:



Pricing	0.5	%
Volume	6.6	%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	(2.2	)%
Currency exchange rates	(5.0	)%
Total	(0.1	)%

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The decrease in revenues was primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and the divestiture of our Venezuelan operation, partially offset by higher volumes, improved pricing and revenue from acquisitions in the current year. Net revenues from non-residential products for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased mid-single digits compared to the same period in the prior year due to new market growth, product launches and channel initiatives. Net revenues from residential products for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased upper single digits compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to domestic market growth.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $30.7 million and segment operating margin increased to 26.8% from 24.8% compared to the same period in 2014 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2014	$	387.3		24.8	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	9.1			0.4	%
Volume/product mix	40.8			0.9	%
Non-cash inventory impairment	29.1			1.9	%
Currency exchange rates	(21.4		)	(0.1	)%
Investment spending	(13.0		)	(0.8	)%
Acquisitions / divestitures	(13.8		)	(0.3	)%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs / acquisition expenses	(0.1		)	—	%
December 31, 2015	$	418.0		26.8	%

The increase was primarily due to favorable volume/product mix, lower inventory impairment charges in Venezuela in the current year and pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, the divestiture of our Venezuelan operations and increased investment spending primarily for new product development and channel development.

2014 vs 2013

Net revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by 3.0% ($45.3 million) compared to the same period in 2013 due to the following:



Pricing	2.7	%
Volume	3.5	%
Acquisitions	0.8	%
Impact of consolidated joint venture order flow change	(3.4	)%
Currency exchange rates/other	(0.6	)%
Total	3.0	%

The increase in revenues was primarily due to increased residential and commercial volumes as well as new products, acquisitions in 2014 and price increases in Venezuela, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and the impact of the change in order flow through our consolidated joint venture in Asia in 2013.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $4.8 million and segment operating margin decreased to 24.8% from 25.9% compared to the same period in 2013 due to the following:

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in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2013	$	392.1		25.9	%
Impact of consolidated joint venture order flow change	—			0.9	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	23.2			0.8	%
Volume/product mix	17.0			(0.1	)%
Non-cash inventory impairment	(33.3		)	(2.1	)%
Currency exchange rates	1.4			0.3	%
Investment spending	(13.1		)	(0.9	)%
December 31, 2014	$	387.3		24.8	%

The decrease was primarily due to the $33.3 million non-cash inventory impairment charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar , increased investment spending primarily for new product development and the impact of the change in order flow through our consolidated joint venture in Asia. These decreases were partially offset by pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation, favorable volume/product mix and favorable foreign currency exchange rate movements.

EMEIA

Our EMEIA segment provides security products and solutions in approximately 85 countries throughout Europe, the Middle East, India and Africa. The segment offers end-users a broad range of products, services and solutions including, locks, locksets, key systems, door closers, exit devices, doors and door frames, electronic product and access control systems, as well as time and attendance and workforce productivity solutions. This segment’s primary brands are Bricard, CISA, Interflex and SimonsVoss. This segment also resells Schlage, Von Duprin and LCN products, primarily in the Middle East.

Effective September 1, 2014 we sold our United Kingdom (UK) Door businesses to an unrelated third party. Historical results of the component have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $137.6 million, which has been excluded from these results.

2015 vs 2014

Net revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by 1.8% ($7.1 million) compared to the same period in 2014 due to the following:



Pricing	1.1	%
Volume	0.3	%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	11.8	%
Currency exchange rates	(15.0	)%
Total	(1.8	)%

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, partially offset by revenue from acquisitions in the current year, improved pricing and slightly higher volumes.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $3.7 million and operating margin increased to 2.2% from 1.2% compared to the same period in 2014 due to the following:

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in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2014	$	4.9		1.2	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	16.3			4.5	%
Volume/product mix	(0.7		)	(0.2	)%
Currency exchange rates	(6.2		)	(1.6	)%
Investment spending and other items	(2.2		)	(0.5	)%
Acquisitions / divestitures	7.1			1.5	%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs / acquisition expenses	(10.6		)	(2.7	)%
December 31, 2015	$	8.6		2.2	%

The increase was primarily due to pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation and the impact of acquisitions in the current year. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, increased investment spending, unfavorable volume/product mix and the year-over-year change in restructuring charges, acquisition expenses and separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off.

2014 vs 2013

Net revenue

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased by 2.0% ($8.0 million) compared to the same period in 2013 due to following:



Volume/product mix	(1.3	)%
Pricing	1.0	%
Currency exchange rates	0.1	%
Restructuring actions	(1.8	)%
Total	(2.0	)%

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to decreased volumes due to economic weakness in certain markets as well as lower revenue as a result of managements' actions to exit unprofitable businesses. These decreases were partially offset by improved pricing and favorable foreign currency exchange rate movements.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $5.2 million and operating margin increased to 1.2% from (0.1)% compared to the same period in 2013 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2013	$	(0.3	)	(0.1	)%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	14.4			3.6	%
Volume/product mix	(3.7		)	(0.9	)%
Investment spending	(3.0		)	(0.8	)%
Currency exchange rates	0.5			0.2	%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs	(3.0		)	(0.8	)%
December 31, 2014	$	4.9		1.2	%

The increase was primarily due to pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation and favorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and other items. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable volume/product mix, increased investment spending and the year-over-year change in restructuring charges and separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off.

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Asia Pacific

Our Asia Pacific segment provides security products and solutions in approximately 14 countries throughout the Asia Pacific region. The segment offers end-users a broad range of products, services and solutions including, locks, locksets, key systems, door closers, exit devices, electronic product and access control systems. This segment’s primary brands are Milre, Schlage, CISA, Von Duprin and LCN.

2015 vs 2014

Net revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased by 25.2% ($41.5 million) compared to the same period in 2014, due to the following:



Pricing	0.2	%
Volume	(1.5	)%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	(19.6	)%
Currency exchange rates	(4.3	)%
Total	(25.2	)%

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the divestiture of Bocom, unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements, and lower volume partially offset by improved pricing and revenue from acquisitions. Bocom historically generated the majority of its revenue in the fourth quarter and, as a result of the sale in November 2015, revenue was lower by approximately $51.3 million compared to 2014. This decrease is reflected in the Acquisitions / Divestitures line above. Bocom also experienced a decline in revenue prior to the sale compared to the prior year, which is reflected in the Volume line above. The decline in volume due to Bocom was partially offset by increased volume in our remaining business.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $5.7 million and segment operating margin decreased to (2.8)% from 1.4% compared with the same period in 2014 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2014	$	2.3		1.4	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	2.4			1.2	%
Adjustment to allowance for doubtful accounts	1.2			0.7	%
Currency exchange rates	(2.2		)	(1.3	)%
Investment spending and other items	(0.2		)	(0.1	)%
Acquisitions / Divestitures	(5.5		)	(3.8	)%
Restructuring / Spin-off costs / acquisition expenses	(1.4		)	(0.9	)%
December 31, 2015	$	(3.4	)	(2.8	)%

The decrease was primarily related to the divestiture of Bocom, unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and the year-over-year change in restructuring charges, acquisition expenses and separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off . These decreases were partially offset by the impact of the acquisitions discussed above, pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation. Additionally, operating income in the prior year included a $2.5 million charge to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts compared to a $1.3 million charge in the current year.

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2014 vs 2013

Net revenues

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased by 7.4%, ($11.4 million) compared with the same period of 2013, which primarily resulted from the following:



Pricing	5.6	%
Volume	0.3	%
Acquisitions	2.8	%
Currency exchange rates	(1.3	)%
Total	7.4	%

The increase in revenues was mainly due to improved pricing, revenue from acquisitions in 2014 and favorable volume, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements.

Operating income/margin

Segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $23.1 million and segment operating margin decreased to 1.4% from 16.5% compared with the same period in 2013 due to the following:



in millions	Operating Income			Operating Margin
December 31, 2013	$	25.4		16.5	%
2013 non-recurring items	(25.4		)	(16.3	)%
2014 increase to allowance for doubtful accounts	(2.5		)	(1.6	)%
Investment spending and Spin-off costs	(2.2		)	(1.4	)%
Currency exchange rates	(0.7		)	(0.5	)%
Volume/product mix	3.7			2.2	%
Pricing and productivity in excess of inflation	2.6			1.7	%
Acquisitions	1.4			0.8	%
December 31, 2014	$	2.3		1.4	%

The decrease was primarily related to the $25.4 million of items in 2013 that did not recur in 2014 including a $21.5 million gain on the sale of a property in China, a $1.9 million one-time benefit related to the closure of our Asia joint venture manufacturing facility, and $2.0 million of non-recurring favorable items in 2013. The decrease was also due to a $2.5 million charge to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts in the second quarter of 2014, increased investment spending, unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate movements and increased separation costs incurred in connection with the Spin-off. These decreases were partially offset by favorable volume/product mix, pricing improvements and productivity in excess of inflation and revenue from acquisitions in 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and uses of liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity is cash provided by operating activities. Cash provided by operating activities is used to invest in new product development, fund capital expenditures and fund working capital requirements and is expected to be adequate to service any future debt, pay any declared dividends and potentially fund acquisitions and share repurchases. Our ability to fund these capital needs depends on our ongoing ability to generate cash provided by operating activities, and to access our borrowing facilities (including unused availability under our Revolver) and capital markets. We believe that our future cash provided by operating activities, availability under our Revolver and access to funds on hand and capital markets, will provide adequate resources to fund our operating and financing needs.

The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows for the years ended December 31. For additional details, please see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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In millions	2015			2014			2013
Cash provided by continuing operating activities	$	257.4		$	259.0		$	229.3
Cash used in investing activities	(533.8		)	(34.8		)	(18.7		)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities	195.0			(150.0		)	(292.4		)

Operating activities

Net cash provided by continuing operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased $1.6 million compared to the same period in 2014. Operating cash flows for 2015 reflect lower earnings from continuing operations compared to the same period in the prior year as well as increased use of working capital.

Net cash provided by continuing operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $29.7 million compared to the same period in 2013. Operating cash flows for 2014 reflect higher earnings from continuing operations compared to the same period in 2013 as well as lower working capital.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $499.0 million compared to the same period in the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we paid $511.3 million of cash for the acquisitions described above. This was offset by a decrease in capital expenditures and cash received from the sale of marketable securities.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased $16.1 million compared to the same period in 2013. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 included $51.5 million of capital expenditures, an increase of $31.3 million from 2013, as we invested in information technology systems, new product development and manufacturing plant investments to support our growth initiatives. In addition, we spent $25.2 million of cash for acquisitions in 2014.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $345.0 million compared to the same period in the prior year. We borrowed $400.0 million under the Revolver to partially finance the purchases of Simons Voss and AXA in the third quarter of 2015. Net proceeds from the issuance of our $300.0 million 2023 Senior Notes were used to repay a portion of the borrowings under the Revolver and the remaining borrowings were repaid with cash on-hand by December 31, 2015. Net repayments of other debt totaled $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily associated with required amortization payments of our Term Loan A facility. Cash used in other financing activities increased $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to higher dividend payments and higher debt issuance costs partially offset by lower repurchases of our ordinary shares.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2014 decreased $142.4 million compared to the same period in 2013. In the 2013, $1,300.0 million of proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes and the Senior Secured Credit facilities as well as additional cash generated throughout the year were distributed to Ingersoll Rand in connection with the Spin-off, net of debt issuance costs. In 2014, we made $37.2 million, net repayments on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and $40.8 million of repayments of other borrowings, we paid $30.0 million of dividends to our ordinary shareholders and we repurchased $50.3 million of our ordinary shares.

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Capitalization

Borrowings at December 31 consisted of the following:



In millions	2015		2014
Term Loan A Facility	$	926.7	$	962.8
5.75% Senior Notes due 2021	300.0		300.0
5.875% Senior Notes due 2023	300.0		—
Other debt, including capital leases, maturing in various amounts through 2016	18.7		1.8
Total debt	$	1,545.4	$	1,264.6
Less current portion of long term debt	65.6		49.6
Total long-term debt	$	1,479.8	$	1,215.0

The Term Loan Facility amortizes in quarterly installments, at the following rates per year: 5% in 2016, 5% in 2017, 5% in 2018, and 10% in each year thereafter, with the final installment due on October 15, 2020. We repaid $36.1 million on the Term Loan Facility as of the year ended December 31, 2015. The 2021 Senior Notes are due in full on October 1, 2021 and the 2023 Senior Notes are due in full on September 15, 2023.

We have a 5-year, $500.0 million revolving credit facility maturing on October 15, 2020. During August 2015, we borrowed $400.0 million under the Revolver and repaid the borrowed amount in full as of the year ended December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any borrowings outstanding under the Revolver. We had $26.6 million and $28.5 million of letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which reduce availability under the Revolver.

We are required to comply with certain covenants under our Senior Secured Credit Facility. We are required to comply with a maximum leverage ratio of 4.00 to 1.00 based on a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness, net of unrestricted cash up to $150 million, to consolidated EBITDA. Additionally, we are required to have a minimum interest expense coverage ratio of 4.00 to 1.00 based on a ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense, net of interest income. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with these covenants. The indentures to our senior notes and the senior secured credit facilities contain affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict our ability to enter into certain transactions. For further details on these covenants, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The majority of our earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested in jurisdictions where we have made, and intend to continue to make, substantial investments to support the ongoing development and growth of our global operations. Accordingly, applicable income taxes have not been accrued on the portion of our earnings that is considered to be permanently reinvested. At December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $199.7 million. Approximately 62% of our cash and cash equivalents was located outside the U.S.

Pension Plans

Our investment objective in managing defined benefit plan assets is to ensure that all present and future benefit obligations are met as they come due. We seek to achieve this goal while trying to mitigate volatility in plan funded status, contribution and expense by better matching the characteristics of the plan assets to that of the plan liabilities. Global asset allocation decisions are based on a dynamic approach whereby a plan's allocation to fixed income assets as the funded status increases. We monitor plan funded status and asset allocation regularly in addition to investment manager performance.

We monitor the impact of market conditions on our defined benefit plans on a regular basis. In December 31, 2015, the funded status of our qualified pension plan for U.S. employees declined to 70.9% from 77.6% at December 31, 2014 primarily due to benefit accruals in excess of contributions. The funded status for our non-U.S. pension plans decreased to 91.6% at December 31, 2015 from 95.8% at December 31, 2014. The decrease in funded status for the non-U.S. was primarily due to benefit accruals in excess of contributions. Funded status for all of our pension plans at December 31, 2015 decreased to 81.7% from 87.2% at December 31, 2014. For further details on pension plan activity, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations by required payment periods, in millions:



	Less than 1 year		1 - 3 years		3 - 5 years		More than 5 years		Total
Short-term debt	$	65.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	65.6
Long-term debt	—		93.8		786.0		600.0		1,479.8
Interest payments on long-term debt	56.3		106.2		95.3		61.4		319.2
Purchase obligations	125.1		—		—		—		125.1
Operating leases	18.7		22.8		10.8		2.8		55.1
Total contractual cash obligations	$	265.7	$	222.8	$	892.1	$	664.2	$	2,044.8

Future expected obligations under our pension and postretirement benefit plans, income taxes, environmental and product liability matters have not been included in the contractual cash obligations table above.

Pensions

At December 31, 2015, we had net pension liabilities of $119.3 million, which consist of pension plan assets of $533.1 million and pension plan obligations of $652.4 million. It is our objective to contribute to the pension plans to ensure adequate funds are available in the plans to make benefit payments to plan participants and beneficiaries when required. We currently project that we will contribute approximately $10.8 million to our plans worldwide in 2016. Because the timing and amounts of long-term funding requirements for pension obligations are uncertain, they have been excluded from the preceding table. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions

At December 31, 2015, we had postretirement benefit obligations of $12.9 million. We fund postretirement benefit costs principally on a pay-as-you-go basis as medical costs are incurred by covered retiree populations. Benefit payments, which are net of expected plan participant contributions and Medicare Part D subsidy, are expected to be approximately $1.1 million in 2016. Because the timing and amounts of long-term funding requirements for postretirement obligations are uncertain, they have been excluded from the preceding table. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Income Taxes

At December 31, 2015, we have total unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions of $23.8 million and $5.3 million of related accrued interest and penalties, net of tax. The liability has been excluded from the preceding table as we are unable to reasonably estimate the amount and period in which these liabilities might be paid. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding matters relating to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits and tax authority disputes.

Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various litigations, claims and administrative proceedings, including those related to environmental, asbestos-related, and product liability matters. We believe that these liabilities are subject to the uncertainties inherent in estimating future costs for contingent liabilities, and will likely be resolved over an extended period of time. Because the timing and amounts of potential future cash flows are uncertain, they have been excluded from the preceding table. See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with those accounting principles requires management to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions based on the relevant information available at the end of each period. These estimates and assumptions have a significant effect on reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities because they result primarily from the need to make estimates and assumptions on matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from estimates. If updated information or actual amounts are different from previous estimates, the revisions are included in our results for the period in which they become known.

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The following is a summary of certain accounting estimates and assumptions made by management that we consider critical.


•	Allowance for doubtful accounts – We have provided an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, which represents our best estimate of probable loss inherent in our accounts receivable portfolio. This estimate is based upon our policy, derived from our knowledge of our end markets, customer base and products.

•

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets – We have significant goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on our balance sheet related to acquisitions. Our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested and reviewed annually during the fourth quarter for impairment or when there is a significant change in events or circumstances that indicate that the fair value of an asset is more likely than not less than the carrying amount of the asset.

Recoverability of goodwill is measured at the reporting unit level and begins with a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test prescribed by GAAP. For those reporting units where it is required, the first step compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not necessary. To the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a second step is performed, wherein the reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill is compared to the implied fair value of goodwill. To the extent that the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value, impairment exists and must be recognized.

As quoted market prices are not available for our reporting units, the calculation of their estimated fair value in step one is based on two valuation techniques, a discounted cash flow model (income approach) and a market adjusted multiple of earnings and revenues (market approach), with each method being weighted in the calculation. The income approach relies on the Company’s estimates of future cash flows and explicitly addresses factors such as timing, growth and margins, with due consideration given to forecasting risk. The market approach reflects the market’s expectations for future growth and risk, with adjustments to account for differences between the guideline publicly-traded companies and the subject reporting units.

In step 2, the implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step of the goodwill impairment test, was the price paid to acquire that reporting unit.

Recoverability of other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives is determined on a relief from royalty methodology (income approach), which is based on the implied royalty paid, at an appropriate discount rate, to license the use of an asset rather than owning the asset. The present value of the after-tax cost savings (i.e. royalty relief) indicates the estimated fair value of the asset. Any excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment loss equal to that excess.

The determination of the estimated fair value and the implied fair value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets requires us to make assumptions about estimated cash flows including profit margins, long-term forecasts, discount rates and terminal growth rates. We developed these assumptions based on the market and geographic risks unique to each reporting unit.

The estimated fair values for each of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values by more than 10% for the 2015 goodwill impairment test. Additionally, a 1% increase in the discount rate used or a 1% decrease in the terminal growth rate would not result in any reporting unit failing step 1.

Assessing the fair value of goodwill includes, among other things, making key assumptions for estimating future cash flows and appropriate market multiples. These assumptions are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. We make every effort to estimate future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information available at the time the forecast is developed. However, changes in assumptions and estimates may affect the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, and could result in impairment charges in future periods. Factors that have the potential to create variances in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit include but are not limited to the following:


•	Decreases in estimated market sizes or market growth rates due to greater-than-expected declines in volumes, pricing pressures or disruptive technology;


•	Declines in our market share and penetration assumptions due to increased competition or an inability to develop or launch new products;

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•	The impacts of the market volatility, including greater-than-expected declines in pricing, reductions in volumes, or fluctuations in foreign exchange rates;


•	The level of success of on-going and future research and development efforts, including those related to recent acquisitions, and increases in the research and development costs necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and launch new products;


•	Increase in the price or decrease in the availability of key commodities and the impact of higher energy prices; and


•	Increases in our market-participant risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital;

2013 Goodwill Impairment Test - In the third quarter of 2013, we determined that we were required to complete the first step of the two-step impairment test. The results of our impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value of our EMEIA reporting unit was less than its carrying value; consequently, we performed the second step of the impairment test to quantify the amount of the non-cash, goodwill impairment charge. In the third quarter of 2013 we recorded a non-cash pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $137.6 million ($131.2 million after-tax). This charge had no impact on our cash flows or our compliance with debt covenants. For our annual goodwill impairment test performed during the fourth quarter of 2013, the fair value of our EMEIA reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 24%.

During 2013, we renegotiated a significant joint venture contract within our Asia Pacific - Other reporting unit and moved the related product line to our Americas segment. As a result of these business changes, we completed the first step of the two-step impairment test.

Other Indefinite-lived intangible assets - We performed our annual indefinite-lived intangible impairment testing in 2015 and determined our indefinite-lived intangible assets were not impaired. All indefinite-lived intangible assets had a fair value that exceeded their carrying value by more than 15%.

A significant increase in the discount rate, decrease in the long-term growth rate, decrease in the royalty rate or substantial reductions in our end markets and volume assumptions could have a negative impact on the estimated fair values of any of our trade names. The estimates of fair value are based on the best information available as of the date of the assessment, which primarily incorporates management assumptions about expected future cash flows.

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Long-lived assets and finite-lived intangibles – Long-lived assets and finite-lived intangibles are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. Assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows can be generated. Impairment in the carrying value of an asset could be recognized whenever anticipated future undiscounted cash flows from an asset are less than its carrying value. The impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset as determined by an estimate of discounted cash flows. We believe that our use of estimates and assumptions are reasonable and comply with generally accepted accounting principles. Changes in business conditions could potentially require future adjustments to these valuations.

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Loss contingencies – Liabilities are recorded for various contingencies arising in the normal course of business, including litigation and administrative proceedings, environmental and asbestos matters and product liability, product warranty, worker’s compensation and other claims. We have recorded reserves in the consolidated financial statements related to these matters, which are developed using input derived from actuarial estimates and historical and anticipated experience data depending on the nature of the reserve, and in certain instances with consultation of legal counsel, internal and external consultants and engineers. Subject to the uncertainties inherent in estimating future costs for these types of liabilities, we believe our estimated reserves are reasonable and do not believe the final determination of the liabilities with respect to these matters would have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or cash flows for any year.

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Revenue recognition – Revenue is recognized and earned when all of the following criteria are satisfied: (a) persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists; (b) the price is fixed or determinable; (c) collectability is reasonably assured; and (d) delivery has occurred or service has been rendered. Delivery generally occurs when the title and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer. Both the persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement and fixed or determinable price criteria are deemed to be satisfied upon receipt of an executed and legally binding sales agreement or contract that clearly defines the terms and conditions of the transaction including the respective obligations of the parties. If the defined terms and conditions allow variability in all or a component of the price, revenue is not recognized until such time that the price becomes fixed or determinable. At the point of sale, we validate that existence of an enforceable claim that requires payment within a reasonable amount of time and assesses the collectability of that claim. If collectability is not deemed to be reasonably assured, then revenue recognition is deferred until such time that collectability becomes probable or cash is

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received. Delivery is not considered to have occurred until the customer has taken title and assumed the risks and rewards of ownership. Service and installation revenue are recognized when earned. In some instances, customer acceptance provisions are included in sales arrangements to give the buyer the ability to ensure the delivered product or service meets the criteria established in the order. In these instances, revenue recognition is deferred until the acceptance terms specified in the arrangement are fulfilled through customer acceptance or a demonstration that established criteria have been satisfied. If uncertainty exists about customer acceptance, revenue is not recognized until acceptance has occurred.

We offer various sales incentive programs to our customers, dealers, and distributors. Sales incentive programs do not preclude revenue recognition, but do require an accrual for our best estimate of expected activity. Examples of the sales incentives that are accrued for as a contra receivable and sales deduction at the point of sale include, but are not limited to, discounts (i.e. net 30 type), coupons, and rebates where the customer does not have to provide any additional requirements to receive the discount. Sales returns and customer disputes involving a question of quantity or price are also accounted for as a reduction in revenue and a contra receivable. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had a customer claim accrual (contra receivable) of $24.5 million and $23.5 million, respectively. All other incentives or incentive programs where the customer is required to reach a certain sales level, remain a customer for a certain period, provide a rebate form or is subject to additional requirements are accounted for as a reduction of revenue and establishment of a liability. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had a sales incentive accrual of $26.6 million and $23.2 million, respectively. Each of these accruals represents our best estimate we expect to pay related to previously sold units based on historical claim experience. These estimates are reviewed regularly for accuracy. If updated information or actual amounts are different from previous estimates, the revisions are included in our results for the period in which they become known. Historically, the aggregate differences, if any, between our estimates and actual amounts in any year have not had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Income taxes – Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We recognize future tax benefits, such as net operating losses and non-U.S. tax credits, to the extent that realizing these benefits is considered in our judgment to be more likely than not. We regularly review the recoverability of our deferred tax assets considering our historic profitability, projected future taxable income, timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and the feasibility of our tax planning strategies. Where appropriate, we record a valuation allowance with respect to a future tax benefit.

The provision for income taxes involves a significant amount of management judgment regarding interpretation of relevant facts and laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Future changes in applicable laws, projected levels of taxable income, and tax planning could change the effective tax rate and tax balances recorded by us. In addition, tax authorities periodically review income tax returns filed by us and can raise issues regarding our filing positions, timing and amount of income or deductions, and the allocation of income among the jurisdictions in which we operate. A significant period of time may elapse between the filing of an income tax return and the ultimate resolution of an issue raised by a revenue authority with respect to that return. We believe that we have adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable resolution of these matters. We will adjust our estimate if significant events so dictate. To the extent that the ultimate results differ from our original or adjusted estimates, the effect will be recorded in the provision for income taxes in the period that the matter is finally resolved.

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Employee benefit plans – We provide a range of benefits to eligible employees and retirees, including pensions, postretirement and postemployment benefits. Determining the cost associated with such benefits is dependent on various actuarial assumptions including discount rates, expected return on plan assets, compensation increases, employee mortality, turnover rates and healthcare cost trend rates. Actuarial valuations are performed to determine expense in accordance with GAAP. Actual results may differ from the actuarial assumptions and are generally accumulated and amortized into earnings over future periods.

We review our actuarial assumptions at each measurement date and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends, if appropriate. The discount rate, the rate of compensation increase and the expected long-term rates of return on plan assets are determined as of each measurement date. A discount rate reflects a rate at which pension benefits could be effectively settled. Discount rates for all plans are established using hypothetical yield curves based on the yields of corporate bonds rated AA quality. Spot rates are developed from the yield curve and used to discount future benefit payments. The rate of compensation increase is dependent on expected future compensation levels. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of returns expected on the funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on what is achievable given the plan’s investment policy, the types of assets held and the target asset allocation. The expected long-term rate of return is determined as of each measurement date.

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We believe that the assumptions utilized in recording our obligations under our plans are reasonable based on input from our actuaries, outside investment advisors and information as to assumptions used by plan sponsors.

Changes in any of the assumptions can have an impact on the net periodic pension cost or postretirement benefit cost. Estimated sensitivities to the expected 2015 net periodic pension cost of a 0.25% rate decline in the two basic assumptions are as follows: the decline in the discount rate would increase expense by approximately $0.7 million and the decline in the estimated return on assets would increase expense by approximately $0.5 million. A 1.0% increase in the healthcare cost trend rate would have no impact on expense as we have capped the annual maximum amount we will pay for retiree healthcare costs, therefore any additional costs would be assumed by the retiree.

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Business combinations – The fair value of the consideration paid in a business combination is allocated to tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets, liabilities assumed and goodwill. The accounting for acquisitions involves a considerable amount of judgment and estimate, including the fair value of acquired intangible assets involving projections of future revenues and cash flows that are either discounted at an estimated discount rate or measured at an estimated royalty rate; fair value of other acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. The assumptions used are determined at the time of the acquisition in accordance with accepted valuation models. Projections are developed using internal forecasts, available industry and market data and estimates of long-term growth rates. The impact of prior or future acquisitions on our financial condition or results of operations may be materially impacted by the change in or initial selection of assumptions and estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 15 herein for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices which could impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Foreign Currency Exposures

We have operations throughout the world that manufacture and sell products in various international markets. As a result, we are exposed to movements in exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar as well as against other currencies throughout the world. We actively manage material currency exposures that are associated with purchases and sales and other assets and liabilities at the legal entity level, however we do not hedge currency translation risk. We attempt to hedge exposures that cannot be naturally offset to an insignificant amount with foreign currency derivatives. Derivative instruments utilized by us in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools, involve little complexity and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. To minimize the risk of counter party non-performance, derivative instrument agreements are made only through major financial institutions with significant experience in such derivative instruments.

We evaluate our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates on our foreign currency derivatives using a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis is a measurement of the potential loss in fair value based on a percentage change in exchange rates. Based on the firmly committed currency derivative instruments in place at December 31, 2015, a hypothetical change in fair value of those derivative instruments assuming a 10% adverse change in exchange rates would result in an additional unrealized loss of approximately $15.9 million. This amount, when realized, would be partially offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying transactions.

Commodity Price Exposures

We are exposed to volatility in the prices of commodities used in some of our products and we use fixed price contracts to manage this exposure. We do not have committed commodity derivative instruments in place at December 31, 2015.

Interest Rate Exposure

Outstanding borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities accrue interest at variable rates and expose us to interest rate risks. A 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would have resulted in incremental 2015 interest expense of approximately $6.5 million.

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In June 2014, we entered into forward starting interest rate swaps for $300.0 million of our variable rate Term Loan A Facility. Swaps with notional amounts totaling $275.0 million effective January 2015 expire in September 2017 and swaps with notional amounts totaling $25.0 million effective January 2015 expire in December 2016. If the base interest rate in our credit facilities increases in the future then the floating-rate debt could have a material effect on our interest expense.

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Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA


(a)	The following Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules and the report thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP dated February 26, 2016, are presented following Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Report of independent registered public accounting firm

Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:

Consolidated statements of equity

Consolidated statements of cash flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule:

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013


(b)	The unaudited selected quarterly financial data for the two years ended December 31, is as follows:



In millions, except per share amounts	2015
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter			Fourth Quarter
Net revenues	$	458.7	$	519.5	$	544.5		$	545.4
Cost of goods sold	271.6		297.7		304.5			325.2
Operating income	71.0		95.7		110.4			81.5
Net earnings (loss)	43.7		65.0		(26.4		)	72.0
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Allegion plc	45.4		63.9		(27.3		)	71.9
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Basic	$	0.47	$	0.67	$	(0.28	)	$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.47	$	0.66	$	(0.28	)	$	0.74


In millions, except per share amounts	2014
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter			Fourth Quarter
Net revenues	$	466.6	$	531.5	$	546.7		$	573.5
Cost of goods sold	274.4		305.5		310.1			374.6
Operating income	67.8		89.4		106.1			63.0
Net earnings	37.7		46.7		66.0			22.2
Net earnings attributable to Allegion plc	35.9		43.2		60.7			35.4
Earnings per share attributable to Allegion plc ordinary shareholders:
Basic	$	0.37	$	0.45	$	0.63		$	0.37
Diluted	$	0.37	$	0.44	$	0.63		$	0.37

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Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL

DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES



(a)	Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of December 31, 2015, that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act has been recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms, and that such information has been accumulated and communicated to the Company's management including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.



(b)	Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:


•	pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets;


•	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and


•	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). We concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

We have excluded Zero International, Inc., Brio, Milre Systek Co.,Ltd., SimonsVoss Technologies GmbH, and AXA Stenman Holding from our assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 because they were acquired by us in purchase business combinations in 2015. Zero International, Inc., Brio, Milre Systek Co.,Ltd., SimonsVoss Technologies GmbH, and AXA Stenman Holding are wholly-owned subsidiaries whose total assets and total revenues represent 5% and 4%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. We are currently integrating these entities into our compliance programs and internal control processes.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report herein.

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(c)	Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the exceptions noted above, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information regarding our executive officers is included in Part I under the caption “Executive Officers of Registrant.”

The other information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the headings “Item 1. Election of Directors”, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and “Corporate Governance” in Proxy Statement.

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The other information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information contained under the headings “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in our Proxy Statement.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELAT