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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 2, 2009
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period to
OR
¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
Commission file number 1-10277
KABUSHIKI KAISHA MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Japan
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8330
Japan
(Address of principal executive offices)
Takeaki Ishii, +81-3-3240-8111, +81-3-3240-7520, address is same as above
(Name, Telephone, Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common stock, without par value |
New York Stock Exchange (1) | |
| American depositary shares, each of which represents one share of common stock |
New York Stock Exchange |
| (1) | The listing of the registrant’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange is for technical purposes only and without trading privileges. |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
$2,300,000,000 Fixed/Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Securities of MUFG Capital Finance 1 Limited, and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.’s Guarantee thereof
€750,000,000 Fixed/Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Securities of MUFG Capital Finance 2 Limited, and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.’s Guarantee thereof
¥120,000,000,000 Fixed/Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Securities of MUFG Capital Finance 3 Limited, and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.’s Guarantee thereof
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
At March 31, 2009, (1) 11,648,360,720 shares of common stock (including 9,080,212 shares of common stock held by the registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries as treasury stock), (2) 100,000,000 shares of first series of class 3 preferred stock, (3) 156,000,000 shares of first series of class 5 preferred stock, and (4) 1,000 share of class 11 preferred stock.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes x No ¨
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ¨ No x
Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such short period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer x |
Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| U.S. GAAP x |
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ¨ |
Other ¨ |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No x
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For purposes of this Annual Report, we have presented our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or US GAAP, except for risk-adjusted capital ratios, business segment financial information and some other specifically identified information. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, all amounts in our financial statements are expressed in Japanese yen.
When we refer in this Annual Report to “MUFG,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Group,” we generally mean Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, but from time to time as the context requires, we mean Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. as an individual legal entity. Similarly, references to “MTFG” and “UFJ Holdings” are to Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. and to UFJ Holdings, Inc., respectively, as well as to MTFG and UFJ Holdings and their respective consolidated subsidiaries, as the context requires. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report to the financial results or business of the “MTFG group” and the “UFJ group” refer to those of MTFG and UFJ Holdings and their respective consolidated subsidiaries. In addition, our “major banking subsidiaries” refers to The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation. References in this Annual Report to “yen” or “¥” are to Japanese yen and references to “US dollars,” “US dollar,” “dollars,” “US$” or “$” are to United States dollars. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each year. References to years not specified as being fiscal years are to calendar years.
We usually hold the ordinary general meeting of shareholders of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. in June of each year in Tokyo.
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We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in documents filed with or submitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including this Annual Report, and other reports to shareholders and other communications.
The US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking information to encourage companies to provide prospective information about themselves. We rely on this safe harbor in making these forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report and include statements regarding our intent, business plan, targets, belief or current expectations or the current belief or current expectations of our management with respect to our results of operations and financial condition, including, among other matters, our problem loans and loan losses. In many, but not all cases, we use words such as “anticipate,” “aim,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “probability,” “risk,” “will,” “may” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those which are aimed, anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned, or otherwise stated.
Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. We identify in this Annual Report in “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors,” “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and elsewhere, some, but not necessarily all, of the important factors that could cause these differences.
We do not intend to update our forward-looking statements. We are under no obligation, and disclaim any obligation, to update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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PART I
| Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors. |
Not applicable.
| Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable. |
Not applicable.
| Item 3. | Key Information. |
A. Selected Financial Data
The selected statement of operations data and selected balance sheet data set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc., or MTFG, merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc. with MTFG being the surviving entity. Upon consummation of the merger, MTFG changed its name to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., or MUFG. The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. Therefore, numbers as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 reflect the financial position and results of MTFG and its subsidiaries only. Numbers as of March 31, 2006 reflect the financial position of MUFG while numbers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 comprise the results of MTFG and its subsidiaries for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the results of MUFG from October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 reflect the financial position and results of MUFG.
Except for risk-adjusted capital ratios, which are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, or Japanese GAAP, and the average balance information, the selected financial data set forth below are derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP.
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You should read the selected financial data set forth below in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and other financial data included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. These data are qualified in their entirety by reference to all of that information.
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share data and number of shares) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Statement of operations data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income |
¥ | 1,438,701 | ¥ | 2,530,682 | ¥ | 3,915,729 | ¥ | 4,366,811 | ¥ | 3,895,794 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense |
469,606 | 882,069 | 1,585,963 | 2,087,094 | 1,599,389 | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income |
969,095 | 1,648,613 | 2,329,766 | 2,279,717 | 2,296,405 | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
108,338 | 110,167 | 358,603 | 385,740 | 626,947 | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for credit losses |
860,757 | 1,538,446 | 1,971,163 | 1,893,977 | 1,669,458 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-interest income |
986,810 | 1,067,352 | 1,947,936 | 1,778,114 | 175,099 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-interest expense |
1,129,173 | 2,076,125 | 2,784,168 | 3,659,736 | 3,572,525 | |||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
718,394 | 529,673 | 1,134,931 | 12,355 | (1,727,968 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) |
303,755 | 165,473 | 552,826 | 553,045 | (259,928 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
414,639 | 364,200 | 582,105 | (540,690 | ) | (1,468,040 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net |
1,493 | 8,973 | (817 | ) | (1,746 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax(1) |
(977 | ) | (9,662 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 415,155 | ¥ | 363,511 | ¥ | 581,288 | ¥ | (542,436 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
¥ | 408,318 | ¥ | 156,842 | ¥ | 300,227 | ¥ | (557,014 | ) | ¥ | (1,491,593 | ) | ||||||||
| Amounts per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
¥ | 62.64 | ¥ | 19.40 | ¥ | 29.94 | ¥ | (53.88 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
62.72 | 19.31 | 29.86 | (54.05 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle |
62.40 | 19.04 | 29.76 | (53.88 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
62.48 | 18.95 | 29.68 | (54.05 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Number of shares used to calculate basic earnings (loss) per common share (in thousands) |
6,510,461 | 8,120,732 | 10,053,408 | 10,305,911 | 10,821,091 | |||||||||||||||
| Number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in thousands) |
6,516,375 | (2) | 8,120,733 | (3) | 10,053,409 | (3) | 10,305,911 | 10,821,091 | ||||||||||||
| Cash dividends per share declared during the fiscal year: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| — Common stock |
¥ | 6.00 | ¥ | 9.00 | ¥ | 9.00 | ¥ | 13.00 | ¥ | 14.00 | ||||||||||
| $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.14 | |||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 1) |
¥ | 82.50 | ¥ | 41.25 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.37 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 2) |
¥ | 8.10 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 0.07 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 3) |
— | ¥ | 37.07 | ¥ | 60.00 | ¥ | 60.00 | ¥ | 60.00 | |||||||||||
| — | $ | 0.31 | $ | 0.52 | $ | 0.51 | $ | 0.61 | ||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 8) |
— | — | ¥ | 23.85 | ¥ | 15.90 | ¥ | 7.95 | ||||||||||||
| — | — | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.07 | |||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 9) |
— | — | ¥ | 18.60 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| — | — | $ | 0.16 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 10) |
— | — | ¥ | 19.40 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| — | — | $ | 0.17 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 11) |
— | — | ¥ | 7.95 | ¥ | 5.30 | ¥ | 5.30 | ||||||||||||
| — | — | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.05 | |||||||||||||
| — Preferred stock (Class 12) |
— | — | ¥ | 17.25 | ¥ | 11.50 | ¥ | 11.50 | ||||||||||||
| — | — | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.12 | |||||||||||||
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| At March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||
| Balance sheet data: |
|||||||||||||||
| Total assets(5) |
¥ | 110,159,923 | ¥ | 188,749,117 | ¥ | 188,929,469 | ¥ | 195,766,083 | ¥ | 193,499,417 | |||||
| Loans, net of allowance for credit losses |
50,164,144 | 94,494,608 | 94,210,391 | 97,867,139 | 99,153,703 | ||||||||||
| Total liabilities(5) |
105,786,826 | 179,080,964 | 178,496,157 | 187,275,968 | 187,264,522 | ||||||||||
| Deposits |
71,143,099 | 126,639,931 | 126,587,009 | 129,240,128 | 128,331,052 | ||||||||||
| Long-term debt |
5,981,747 | 13,889,525 | 14,389,930 | 13,675,250 | 13,273,288 | ||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
4,373,097 | 9,668,153 | 10,433,312 | 8,490,115 | 6,234,895 | ||||||||||
| Capital stock(4) |
1,084,708 | 1,084,708 | 1,084,708 | 1,084,708 | 1,127,552 | ||||||||||
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other financial data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Average balances: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets |
¥ | 99,282,143 | ¥ | 135,385,329 | ¥ | 168,767,341 | ¥ | 172,467,323 | ¥ | 173,242,745 | ||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities |
92,226,818 | 118,120,185 | 146,796,013 | 156,151,982 | 156,084,859 | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets(5) |
112,635,733 | 161,481,516 | 188,311,147 | 197,946,692 | 196,214,390 | |||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
3,880,044 | 7,106,910 | 9,823,404 | 9,957,382 | 7,974,628 | |||||||||||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Return on equity and assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders as a percentage of total average assets(5) |
0.36 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.16 | % | (0.28 | )% | (0.76 | )% | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders as a percentage of total average shareholders’ equity |
10.52 | % | 2.21 | % | 3.06 | % | (5.59 | )% | (18.70 | )% | ||||||||||
| Dividends per common share as a percentage of basic earnings per common share |
9.57 | % | 46.60 | % | 30.14 | % | — | (6) | — | (6) | ||||||||||
| Total average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of total average assets(5) |
3.44 | % | 4.40 | % | 5.22 | % | 5.03 | % | 4.06 | % | ||||||||||
| Net interest income as a percentage of total average interest-earning assets |
0.98 | % | 1.22 | % | 1.38 | % | 1.32 | % | 1.33 | % | ||||||||||
| Credit quality data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses |
¥ | 739,872 | ¥ | 1,012,227 | ¥ | 1,112,453 | ¥ | 1,134,940 | ¥ | 1,156,638 | ||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans |
1.45 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | ||||||||||
| Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more |
¥ | 1,285,204 | ¥ | 2,044,678 | ¥ | 1,699,500 | ¥ | 1,679,672 | ¥ | 1,792,597 | ||||||||||
| Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as a percentage of loans |
2.52 | % | 2.14 | % | 1.78 | % | 1.70 | % | 1.79 | % | ||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more |
57.57 | % | 49.51 | % | 65.46 | % | 67.57 | % | 64.52 | % | ||||||||||
| Net loan charge-offs |
¥ | 260,622 | ¥ | 136,135 | ¥ | 262,695 | ¥ | 355,892 | ¥ | 576,852 | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average loans |
0.51 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.27 | % | 0.37 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||
| Average interest rate spread |
0.94 | % | 1.12 | % | 1.24 | % | 1.19 | % | 1.23 | % | ||||||||||
| Risk-adjusted capital ratio calculated under Japanese GAAP(7) |
11.76 | % | 12.20 | % | 12.54 | % | 11.19 | % | 11.77 | % | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| (1) | Effective April 1, 2004, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation, or FIN, No. 46 (revised December 2003), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51.” Effective March 31, 2006, we adopted FIN No. 47, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143.” |
| (2) | Includes the common shares potentially issuable by conversion of the Class 2 Preferred Stock. |
| (3) | Includes the common shares potentially issuable by conversion of the Class 11 Preferred Stock. |
| (4) | Amounts include common shares and convertible Class 2 Preferred Stock. Redeemable Class 1 and Class 3 Preferred Stock are excluded. |
| (5) | Effective April 1, 2008, we discontinued netting out derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and we now present them on a gross basis. See Note 1 “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail. We have restated average balances, as well as year-end balances, of “Total assets” and “Total liabilities” in the previous periods from 2005 to 2008. Accordingly “Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder as a percentage of total average assets” and “Total average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of total average assets” have been restated. |
| (6) | Percentages of basic loss per common share have not been presented because such information is not meaningful. |
| (7) | Risk-adjusted capital ratios have been calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations, based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP. |
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Exchange Rate Information
The tables below set forth, for each period indicated, the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Japanese yen as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00. On August 18, 2009, the noon buying rate was ¥94.72 to US$1.00 and the inverse noon buying rate was US$1.06 to ¥100.00.
| Year 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||
| March | April | May | June | July | August(1) | |||||||||||||
| High |
¥ | 99.34 | ¥ | 100.71 | ¥ | 99.24 | ¥ | 98.56 | ¥ | 96.41 | ¥ | 97.65 | ||||||
| Low |
¥ | 93.85 | ¥ | 96.49 | ¥ | 94.45 | ¥ | 95.19 | ¥ | 92.33 | ¥ | 94.33 | ||||||
Note:
| (1) | Period from August 1, 2009 to August 18, 2009. |
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| Average (of month-end rates) |
¥ | 107.28 | ¥ | 113.67 | ¥ | 116.55 | ¥ | 113.61 | ¥ | 100.85 | |||||
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below as well as all the other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk” and “Selected Statistical Data.”
Our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by any of the factors discussed below. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these factors. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to Our Business
We have experienced and may continue to experience difficulty integrating our operations with those of the UFJ group and, as a result, may have difficulty achieving the benefits expected from the integration.
Since our merger with UFJ Holdings in October 2005, we have been implementing a business integration plan that is complex, time-consuming and costly. Achieving the targeted revenue synergies and cost savings is dependent on the successful implementation of our ongoing integration process. We may not succeed in addressing the risks or other problems encountered in the ongoing integration process. In particular, there may be delays or other difficulties in coordinating, consolidating and integrating the branch and subsidiary networks, and customer products and services of the two groups as planned. These and other problems in the ongoing integration process may cause us to incur significant unanticipated additional costs, preventing us from achieving the previously announced cost reduction targets as scheduled. In addition, the two groups’ previous relationships with their respective customers, employees and strategic partners could be impaired in future periods. Those
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problems could also damage our reputation. In addition, previously expected revenue synergies may not materialize in the expected time period if we fail to address any problems that arise in the ongoing integration process. If we are unable to resolve smoothly any problems that arise in the ongoing integration process, our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price may be materially and adversely affected.
We may have difficulty achieving the benefits expected from the recently completed and planned mergers and other business combinations.
In line with our ongoing strategic effort to create a leading comprehensive financial group that offers a broad range of financial products and services, we have recently completed or are planning to complete mergers and other business combinations, including transactions with some of our subsidiaries and equity method investees. For example, in August 2008, we acquired, through a share exchange transaction, all the shares of our consolidated subsidiary, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd., not owned by us, and sold a minority stake in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS to The Norinchukin Bank. In November 2008, our consolidated subsidiary, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, completed the acquisition of all of the shares of common stock of UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, not owned by us. In March 2009, we signed a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to form a securities joint venture combining our consolidated subsidiary, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., or MUS, and Morgan Stanley Japan Securities Co., Ltd., by March 2010, subject to regulatory approval. We intend to own a 60% interest in the joint venture. In addition, we regularly review opportunities to pursue new acquisitions or business combinations.
If a planned merger or business combination fails, we may be subject to various material risks. For example, our growth strategies in Japan and globally may not be implemented as planned. In addition, the price of our stock may decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that any pending transaction will be completed. Furthermore, our costs related to any planned transaction, including legal, accounting and certain financial adviser fees, must be paid even if the transaction is not completed. Our reputation may also be harmed due to our failure to complete an announced transaction. Even after a transaction is completed, there are various risks that could adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives, including:
| • | The growth opportunities and other expected benefits of these business combinations or acquisitions may not be realized in the expected time period and unanticipated problems could arise in the integration process, including unanticipated expenses related to the integration process as well as delays or other difficulties in coordinating, consolidating and integrating personnel, information and management systems, and customer products and services; |
| • | We may be unable to cross-sell our products and services as effectively as anticipated and we may lose customers and business as some of the operations are reorganized, consolidated with other businesses and, in some cases, rebranded; |
| • | We may have difficulty in coordinating the operations of our subsidiaries and affiliates as planned due to legal restrictions, internal conflict or market resistance; |
| • | The diversion of management and key employees’ attention may detract from our ability to increase revenues and minimize costs; and |
| • | We may encounter difficulties in penetrating certain markets due to adverse reactions to our newly acquired ownership in, or closer affiliation with, other financial institutions or businesses. |
Any of the foregoing and other risks may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price. For a more detailed discussion of recently completed and planned mergers and other business combinations involving our subsidiaries and affiliates, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”
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Our recently completed and planned investments may increase our exposure to market fluctuations and other factors over which we have little or no control.
In line with our ongoing strategic effort to create a leading comprehensive financial group that offers a broad range of financial products and services, we have recently agreed to enter into, and have entered into, several business combinations and strategic business alliances. For example,
| • | on October 2, 2008, we acquired 9.9% of the issued shares of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC, or Aberdeen, and intend to increase our holdings but not to a level that exceeds 19.9%, subject to receiving the required regulatory approvals; |
| • | on October 13, 2008, we purchased approximately $9 billion of convertible and non convertible shares of Morgan Stanley preferred stock, which provided us with an approximately 21% interest in Morgan Stanley on a fully diluted basis at the time of our purchase, which interest decreased to approximately 20% on a fully diluted basis as a result of the US Department of the Treasury’s subsequent purchase of a warrant to purchase up to 65,245,759 shares of common stock. Since this initial investment, we have acquired 46,553,055 additional shares of common stock for a total of approximately $1,176 million and sold back to Morgan Stanley $705 million of the non convertible preferred stock. As a result of these transactions, our interest in Morgan Stanley remains approximately 20% on a fully diluted basis. We have also signed a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to form a securities joint venture in Japan and a memorandum of understanding to expand the scope of our strategic alliance into new geographies and businesses; and |
| • | on October 21, 2008, we completed a tender offer for outstanding shares of ACOM CO., LTD., common stock raising our stake in ACOM to approximately 40%. |
The fair value of our investments in those financial institutions may be impaired if their business results are adversely affected by current or future financial market instability or otherwise, resulting in a decline in the fair value of their securities that is other than temporary. Any significant impairment of the fair value of our investments could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Changes in economic policies of governments and central banks, laws and regulations, including capital adequacy requirements for financial institutions, and applicable accounting rules implemented in response to current and future market fluctuations, may have a greater impact on our results of operations and financial condition because of our recent investments.
In addition, the most significant investments we have made or announced in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 involve companies in industries undergoing significant change or restructuring. As a result, it may be difficult to evaluate the prospects of such investments based on historical results, and our results of operations may be subject to greater uncertainty.
In cases where we hold a minority interest in the investees, we typically cannot control the operations and assets of these investees or make major decisions without the consent of other shareholders or participants. In some cases, increasing our shareholding to a controlling stake could also trigger additional regulatory approvals and subject us to significantly increased regulatory supervision. If our investees encounter financial or other business difficulties, if their strategic objectives change or if they no longer perceive us to be an attractive alliance partner, they may no longer desire or be able to participate in alliances with us. Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if we are unable to continue with one or more strategic business alliances.
For a more detailed discussion of recently completed and planned investments, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”
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If the Japanese stock market or other global markets decline in the future, we may incur losses on our securities portfolio and our capital ratios will be adversely affected. We may also need to reduce our strategic shareholdings which could affect our relationship with customers.
We hold large amounts of marketable equity securities, of which a significant portion are securities of Japanese issuers. The market values of these securities are inherently volatile. We have recently experienced impairment losses on our marketable equity securities as a result of a decline in Japanese stock prices. The Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, declined from ¥12,656.42 at April 1, 2008 to ¥8,109.53 at March 31, 2009. The Nikkei Stock Average was ¥10,284.96 on August 18, 2009. The Tokyo Stock Price Index, or TOPIX, a composite index of all stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, declined from 1,230.49 at April 1, 2008 to 789.54 at March 31, 2009. The TOPIX was 949.66 on August 18, 2009. If the Japanese stock market or other global markets further decline or do not improve, we may incur additional losses on our securities portfolio. Further declines in the Japanese stock market or other global markets may also materially and adversely affect our capital ratios, results of operations and financial condition. For a detailed discussion of our holdings of marketable equity securities and the effect of market declines on our capital ratios, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Adequacy” and “Selected Statistical Data—Investment Portfolio.”
In addition, like many Japanese financial institutions, a substantial portion of our equity securities portfolio is held for strategic and business relationship purposes. The sale of equity securities, whether to reduce our risk exposure to fluctuations in equity security prices, or otherwise, will reduce our strategic shareholdings, which may have an adverse effect on relationships with our customers. Our plans to further reduce our strategic shareholdings may also encourage some of our customers to sell their shares of our common stock, which may have a negative impact on our stock price.
Our trading and investment activities as well as our international operations expose us to interest rate, exchange rate and other risks.
We undertake extensive trading and investment activities involving a variety of financial instruments, including derivatives. We also have significant business operations abroad, including operations of UNBC, in the United States and elsewhere. Our income from these activities as well as our foreign assets and liabilities resulting from our international operations are subject to volatility caused by, among other things, changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity and debt prices. For example:
| • | increases in interest rates may have an adverse effect on the value of our fixed income securities portfolio, as discussed in “—Changes in interest rate policy, particularly unexpected or sudden increases in interest rates, could adversely affect the value of our bond and financial derivatives portfolios, problem loans and results of operations” below; and |
| • | fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the Japanese yen may adversely affect our financial condition, including our capital ratios, to the extent that our foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities are not matched in the same currency or appropriately hedged, and will create foreign currency translation gains or losses, as described in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Effect of the Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation.” |
In addition, downgrades of the credit ratings of some of the securities in our portfolio could negatively affect our results of operations. Our trading and investment activities in financial instruments may also be adversely affected by regulatory measures taken by government agencies. Our results of operations and financial condition are exposed to the risks of loss associated with these activities. For a discussion of our investment portfolio and related risks see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Investment Portfolio” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”
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We may suffer additional credit-related losses in the future due to problem loans.
When we loan money or commit to loan money, we incur credit risk, or the risk of losses if our borrowers do not repay their loans. We may incur credit losses or have to provide for additional allowance for credit losses if:
| • | large borrowers become insolvent or must be restructured; |
| • | domestic or global economic conditions, either generally or in particular industries in which large borrowers operate, deteriorate; |
| • | the value of the collateral we hold, such as real estate or securities, declines; or |
| • | we are adversely affected by other factors, including corporate credibility issues among our borrowers, to an extent that is worse than anticipated. |
If actual credit losses are higher than currently expected, the current allowances for credit losses will be insufficient. Our allowance for credit losses in our loan portfolio is based on evaluations, assumptions and estimates about customers, the value of collateral we hold and the economy as a whole. Our loan losses could prove to be materially different from the estimates and could materially exceed these allowances. In addition, the standards for establishing allowances may change, causing us to change some of the evaluations, assumptions and estimates used in determining the allowances. As a result, we may need to provide for additional allowances for credit losses. For example, as a result of recent deteriorating economic conditions, declines in real estate values and securities price levels, and worsening operations of borrowers, we experienced increases in the amount of problem loans and provision for credit losses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Credit losses may also increase if we elect, or are forced by economic or other considerations, to sell or write off our problem loans at a larger discount, in a larger amount or in a different time or manner than we may otherwise want. We may not be able to realize the value of the collateral we hold or enforce our rights against defaulting customers because of the difficulty of foreclosing on collateral in Japan, the illiquidity of and depressed values in the Japanese real estate market, or other reasons.
Although we from time to time enter into credit derivative transactions, including credit default swap contracts, to manage our credit risk exposure, such transactions may not provide the protection against credit defaults that we intended due to counter-party defaults or otherwise. In addition, negative changes in financial market conditions may restrict the availability and liquidity of credit default swaps. For more information on our credit derivative transactions, see Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
In addition, we may provide additional loans, equity capital or other forms of support to troubled borrowers in order to facilitate their restructuring and revitalization efforts. We may forbear from exercising some or all of our rights as a creditor against them, and we may forgive loans to them in conjunction with their debt restructuring. These practices may substantially increase our exposure to troubled borrowers and increase our losses. An increase in loan losses would adversely affect our results of operations, weaken our financial condition and erode our capital base.
We may be adversely affected if economic conditions in Japan or elsewhere worsen.
Our performance is affected by general economic conditions of the countries in which we operate, particularly Japan where we primarily conduct our business. General economic conditions that could affect us include interest rates, inflation, investor sentiment, the availability and cost of credit, the liquidity of the global financial markets, the level and volatility of debt and equity capital markets, the levels of corporate capital investments and individual consumption, and raw material prices. Any of these economic conditions, currently existing or occurring in the future, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For a discussion of the current economic environment in Japan and certain other countries, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Business Environment.”
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Our business may be adversely affected by negative developments with respect to other financial institutions, both directly and through the effect they may have on the overall banking environment and on their borrowers.
Some domestic and foreign financial institutions, including banks, non-bank lending and credit institutions, securities companies and insurance companies, have experienced declining asset quality and capital adequacy and other financial problems. This may lead to severe liquidity and solvency problems, which have in the past resulted in the liquidation, government control or restructuring of affected institutions. For example, the deterioration of the asset-backed securitization products market and residential mortgage market in the United States resulted in Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filing a petition under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code. Other banks, securities companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions, especially US institutions, continue to be under significant pressure due to declining asset quality as a result of the continuing deterioration of the global financial markets. These developments may continue to adversely affect our financial results. Other financial difficulties relating to financial institutions could adversely affect us because:
| • | we have extended loans, some of which may need to be classified as nonaccrual and restructured loans, to banks, securities companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries; |
| • | we may be requested to participate in providing assistance to support distressed financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries; |
| • | we are a shareholder of some other banks and financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries; |
| • | the government may elect to provide regulatory, tax, funding or other benefits to those financial institutions to strengthen their capital, facilitate their sale or otherwise, which in turn may increase their competitiveness against us; |
| • | deposit insurance premiums could rise if deposit insurance funds prove to be inadequate; |
| • | bankruptcies or government support or control of financial institutions could generally undermine confidence in financial institutions or adversely affect the overall banking environment; and |
| • | negative media coverage of the financial industry, regardless of its accuracy and applicability to us, could affect customer or investor sentiment, harm our reputation and have a materially adverse effect on our business or the price of our securities. |
Changes in interest rate policy, particularly unexpected or sudden increases in interest rates, could adversely affect the value of our bond and financial derivative portfolios, problem loans and results of operations.
We hold a significant amount of Japanese government bonds and foreign bonds, including US Treasury bonds. We also hold a large financial derivative portfolio, consisting primarily of interest-rate futures, swaps and options, for our asset liability management. An increase in relevant interest rates, particularly if such increase is unexpected or sudden, may negatively affect the value of our bond portfolio and reduce the so called “spread,” which is the difference between the rate of interest earned and the rate of interest paid. In addition, an increase in relevant interest rates may increase losses on our derivative portfolio and increase our problem loans as some of our borrowers may not be able to meet the increased interest payment requirements, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations and financial condition. For a detailed discussion of our bond portfolio, see “Selected Statistical Data—Investment Portfolio.”
A downgrade of our credit ratings could have a negative effect on our business.
A downgrade of our credit ratings by one or more of the credit rating agencies could have a negative effect on our treasury operations and other aspects of our business. In the event of a downgrade of our credit ratings, our treasury business unit may have to accept less favorable terms in our transactions with counterparties, including capital raising activities, or may be unable to enter into some transactions. This could have a negative impact on the profitability of our treasury and other operations and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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We are exposed to new or increased risks as we expand the range of our products and services and the geographic scope of our business.
We currently plan to pursue various business strategies to improve our profitability. In addition to the risks associated with investments, business combinations and mergers described above, there are various other risks which could adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives. For example, as we expand the range of our products and services beyond our traditional banking and trust businesses and as the sophistication of financial products and management systems grows, we will be exposed to new and increasingly complex risks. We may have only limited experience with the risks related to the expanded range of these products and services. In addition, we may have difficulty developing and operating the necessary information systems. As a result, we may not be able to foresee certain risks, and new products and services we introduce may not gain acceptance among customers. Moreover, some of the activities that our subsidiaries are expected to engage in, such as derivatives and foreign currency trading, present substantial risks. As we expand the geographic scope of our business, we will also be exposed to risks that are unique to particular jurisdictions or markets. Our risk management systems may prove to be inadequate and may not work in all cases or to the degree required. As a result, we are subject to substantial market, credit and other risks in relation to the expanding scope of our products, services and trading activities or expanding our business beyond our traditional markets, which could result in us incurring substantial losses. In addition, our efforts to offer new services and products or penetrate new markets may not succeed if product or market opportunities develop more slowly than expected or if the profitability of opportunities is undermined by competitive pressures. If we fail to achieve some or all of the goals of our business strategies, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. For a detailed discussion of our risk management systems, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”
We are exposed to substantial credit and market risks in emerging market countries.
We are active in countries in Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe and other emerging market countries through a network of branches and subsidiaries and are thus exposed to a variety of credit and market risks associated with these countries. These risks will increase if the global financial crisis and recession continue or worsen. For example, a decline in the value of local currencies of these countries could adversely affect the creditworthiness of some of our borrowers in these countries. The loans we have made to borrowers and banks in these countries are often denominated in US dollars, Euro or other foreign currencies. These borrowers often do not hedge the loans to protect against fluctuations in the values of local currencies. A devaluation of the local currency would make it more difficult for a borrower earning income in that currency to pay its debts to us and other foreign lenders. In addition, some countries in which we operate may attempt to support the value of their currencies by raising domestic interest rates. If this happens, the borrowers in these countries would have to devote more of their resources to repaying their domestic obligations, which may adversely affect their ability to repay their debts to us and other foreign lenders. The limited credit availability resulting from these and related conditions may adversely affect economic conditions in some countries. This could cause a further deterioration of the credit quality of borrowers and banks in those countries and cause us to incur further losses.
In addition, we are active in other countries and regions that expose us to risks similar to the risks described above and also risks specific to those countries and regions, which may cause us to incur losses or suffer other adverse effects.
Any adverse changes in Union Bank’s business could significantly affect our results of operations.
Union Bank, N.A., or Union Bank, is UNBC’s primary subsidiary. Union Bank contributes to a significant portion of our net income. Any adverse change in the business or operations of Union Bank could significantly affect our results of operations. Factors that could negatively affect Union Bank’s results include adverse economic conditions in California, including the downturn in the real estate and housing industries in California, substantial competition in the California banking market, uncertainty over the US economy due to deteriorating economic conditions in the United States, the threat of terrorist attacks, fluctuating oil prices and rising interest
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rates, negative trends in debt ratings, and additional costs and other adverse consequences which may arise from enterprise-wide compliance, or failure to comply, with applicable laws and regulations, such as the US Bank Secrecy Act and related amendments under the USA PATRIOT Act. Compared to prior years, any adverse developments which could arise at Union Bank will have a greater negative impact on our results of operation and financial condition, since Union Bank became, through UNBC, our wholly owned subsidiary in November 2008 compared with approximately 65% ownership in prior years.
Changes in the business environment for consumer finance companies in Japan have adversely affected our recent financial results, and may further adversely affect our future financial results.
We have a large loan portfolio in the consumer lending industry as well as large shareholdings in subsidiaries and equity method investees in the consumer finance industry. The Japanese government has been implementing regulatory reforms affecting the consumer lending industry in recent years. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Law Concerning Acceptance of Investment, Cash, Deposit and Interest Rate, etc., which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. The reduction in the maximum permissible interest rate will be implemented before mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits (15-20% per annum) imposed by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel, or has already compelled, lending institutions to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.
Currently and until the reduction in the maximum permissible interest rate as described above takes effect, consumer finance companies are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, provided that they satisfy certain conditions set forth in the Law Concerning Lending Business. Accordingly, our consumer finance subsidiaries and equity method investees offer loans at interest rates above the Interest Rate Restriction Law. As a result of recent decisions by the Supreme Court of Japan, consumer finance companies experienced a significant increase in borrowers’ claims for reimbursement of previously collected interest payments in excess of the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law. New regulations that are scheduled to be effective before mid-2010 may also have a negative impact on the business of consumer finance companies as those new regulations are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies to review the repayment capability of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers.
These and other related developments have adversely affected, and may further adversely affect, the operations and financial condition of our subsidiaries and borrowers which are engaged in consumer lending, which in turn may affect the value of our related shareholdings and loan portfolio.
We may have to compensate for losses in our loan trusts and money in trusts.
Our trust bank subsidiary may have to compensate for losses of principal of all loan trusts and some money in trusts. Funds in those guaranteed trusts are generally invested in loans and securities. If the amount of assets and reserves held in the guaranteed trusts falls below the principal as a result of loan losses, losses in the investment portfolio or otherwise, it would adversely affect our results of operations.
Our results of operations may be negatively affected by the global financial crisis and recession triggered by disruptions in the financial markets in the United States.
The recent global financial crisis and recession may continue to adversely affect our loan and investment portfolios, which includes securitization products, such as asset-backed securities. For example, some of our investment securities have been, and may continue to be, marked at a significantly lower price because the market for those securities is inactive. We have also been, and may continue to be, affected by credit market deterioration caused by defaults on these higher risk residential mortgages. Specifically, the availability of credit has become, and may continue to be, limited causing some of our counterparties to default, or some of our credit
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derivative transactions may also be negatively affected. Moreover, the negative developments in the US credit markets have caused, and may continue to cause, significant fluctuations in global stock markets and foreign currency exchange rates, which in turn affect our results of operations. If credit market conditions continue to deteriorate, our capital funding structure may need to be adjusted, our funding costs may increase, or our credit-related losses may increase, all of which could have a material impact on our financial results and financial condition.
Our information systems and other aspects of our business and operations are exposed to various system, political and social risks.
As a major financial institution, our information systems and other aspects of our business and operations are exposed to various system, political and social risks beyond our control. Incidents such as disruptions of the Internet and other information networks due to major virus outbreaks, major terrorist activity, serious political instability and major health epidemics have the potential to directly affect our business and operations by disrupting our operational infrastructure or internal systems. Such incidents may also negatively impact the economic conditions, political regimes and social infrastructure of countries and regions in which we operate, and possibly the global economy as a whole. Our risk management policies and procedures may be insufficient to address these and other large-scale unanticipated risks.
In particular, the capacity and reliability of our electronic information technology systems are critical to our day-to-day operations and a failure or disruption of these systems would adversely affect our capacity to conduct our business. In addition to our own internal information systems, we also provide our customers with access to our services and products through the Internet and ATMs. These systems as well as our hardware and software are subject to malfunction or incapacitation due to human error, accidents, power loss, sabotage, hacking, computer viruses and similar events, as well as the loss of support services from third parties such as telephone and Internet service providers.
Additionally, as with other Japanese companies, our offices and other facilities are subject to the risk of earthquakes and other natural disasters. Our redundancy and backup measures may not be sufficient to avoid a material disruption in our operations, and our contingency plans may not address all eventualities that may occur in the event of a material disruption.
These various factors, the threat of such risks or related countermeasures, or a failure to address such risks, may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business may be adversely affected by competitive pressures, which have partly increased due to regulatory changes and recent market changes in the financial industry domestically and globally.
In recent years, the Japanese financial system has been increasingly deregulated and barriers to competition have been reduced. The privatization of the Japanese postal savings system and the establishment of Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd. in October 2007, as well as the establishment of Japan Finance Corporation, a public corporation wholly owned by the Japanese government, in October 2008, could also substantially increase competition within the financial services industry. In addition, there has been significant consolidation and convergence among financial institutions domestically and globally, and this trend may continue in the future and further increase competition in the market. A number of large commercial banks and other broad-based financial services firms have merged or formed strategic alliances with, or have acquired, other financial institutions both in Japan and overseas. If we are unable to compete effectively in this more competitive and deregulated business environment, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. For a more detailed discussion of our competition in Japan, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition—Japan.”
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We are subject to increased regulatory requirements and supervision in the United States as a financial holding company.
In October 2008, MUFG, BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB, and UNBC, which is a subsidiary of BTMU, elected to become financial holding companies respectively under the US Bank Holding Company Act. As a financial holding company, we are authorized to engage in an expanded list of activities in the United States, including merchant banking, insurance underwriting, and a full range of securities activities.
Under our financial holding company status, we are also subject to additional regulatory requirements. For example, each of our banking subsidiaries with operations in the United States, comprising Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A.) and Union Bank, which are our US domestic depository institutions, as well as BTMU and MUTB, must be “well capitalized,” meaning a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6% and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%. Our US banking operations must also be “well managed,” including that they maintain examination ratings that are at least satisfactory. Failure to comply with such requirements would require us to prepare a remediation plan and we would not be able to undertake new business activities or acquisitions based on our status as a financial holding company during any period of noncompliance, and as a result, it may negatively affect our future financial results.
In June 2009, the US government released a regulatory reform proposal called “Financial Regulatory Reform, A New Foundation: Rebuilding Financial Supervision and Regulation.” This proposal includes, among other things, sweeping financial regulatory reforms designed to promote enhanced supervision and regulation of financial firms, establish comprehensive supervision of financial markets, protect consumers and investors from financial abuse, provide government with the tools needed to manage a financial crisis, and raise international regulatory standards and improve international cooperation. This reform, if enacted, could have a significant impact on our regulatory and financial compliance systems and practices, possibly requiring us to incur a significant amount of resources to implement measures to come into compliance with the reform and manage them on an ongoing basis.
We have recently been subject to several regulatory actions for non-compliance with legal requirements. These regulatory matters and any future regulatory matters or regulatory changes could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
We conduct our business subject to ongoing regulation and associated regulatory risks, including the effects of changes in laws, regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice and interpretations in Japan and other markets where we operate. Our compliance risk management systems and programs may not be fully effective in preventing all violations of laws, regulations and rules.
The Financial Services Agency of Japan and regulatory authorities in the United States and elsewhere also have the authority to conduct, at any time, inspections to review banks’ accounts, including those of our banking subsidiaries. Some of our other financial services businesses, such as our securities business, are also subject to regulations set by, and inspections conducted by, various self-regulatory organizations, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority in the United States. In recent years, we have been subject to several regulatory actions by, among others, the Financial Services Agency of Japan, the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission of Japan and various US banking regulators.
Our failure or inability to comply fully with applicable laws and regulations could lead to fines, public reprimands, damage to reputation, enforced suspension of operations or, in extreme cases, withdrawal of authorization to operate, adversely affecting our business and results of operations. Regulatory matters may also adversely affect our ability to obtain regulatory approvals for future strategic initiatives. Furthermore, failure to take necessary corrective action, or the discovery of violations of law in the process of further review of any of the matters mentioned above or in the process of implementing any corrective measures, could result in further regulatory action.
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In addition, future developments or changes in laws, regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice and their effects are unpredictable and beyond our control. For example, new regulations to be enacted before mid-2010 are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies in Japan to review the repayment capabilities of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers, which in turn may negatively affect our future financial results.
Transactions with counterparties in countries designated by the US Department of State as state sponsors of terrorism may lead some potential customers and investors in the United States and other countries to avoid doing business with us or investing in our shares.
We, through our banking subsidiaries, engage in operations with entities in or affiliated with Iran and Syria, including transactions with entities owned or controlled by the Iranian or Syrian governments, and the banking subsidiary has a representative office in Iran. The US Department of State has designated Iran, Syria and other countries as “state sponsors of terrorism,” and US law generally prohibits US persons from doing business with such countries. Our activities with counterparties in or affiliated with Iran, Syria and other countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism are conducted in compliance in all material respects with both applicable Japanese and US regulations.
Our operations with entities in Iran consist primarily of loans to Iranian financial institutions in the form of financing for petroleum projects and trade financing for general commercial purposes, as well as letters of credit and foreign exchange services. Our operations relating to Syria are primarily foreign exchange services. We do not believe our operations relating to Iran and Syria are material to our business or financial condition. As of March 31, 2009, the loans outstanding to borrowers in or affiliated with Iran and Syria were approximately $151.7 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. These represented less than 0.1% of our total assets as of March 31, 2009. In addition, we receive deposits or hold assets on behalf of several individuals resident in Japan who are citizens of countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism.
We are aware of initiatives by US governmental entities and US institutional investors, such as pension funds, to adopt or consider adopting laws, regulations or policies prohibiting transactions with or investment in, or requiring divestment from, entities doing business with Iran, Syria and other countries identified as state sponsors of terrorism. It is possible that such initiatives may result in our being unable to gain or retain entities subject to such prohibitions as customers or as investors in our shares. In addition, depending on socio-political developments our reputation may suffer due to our association with these countries. The above circumstances could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We may not be able to maintain our capital ratios above minimum required levels, which could result in the suspension of some or all of our operations.
We, as a holding company, and our Japanese banking subsidiaries are required to maintain risk-weighted capital ratios above the levels specified in the capital adequacy guidelines of the Financial Services Agency of Japan. The capital ratios are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from the relevant entity’s financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP. Our subsidiaries in California, UNBC and Union Bank are subject to similar US capital adequacy guidelines. We or our banking subsidiaries may be unable to continue to satisfy the capital adequacy requirements because of:
| • | increases in credit risk assets and expected losses we or our banking subsidiaries may incur due to fluctuations in our or our banking subsidiaries’ loan and securities portfolios as a result of deteriorations in the credit of our borrowers and the issuers of equity and debt securities; |
| • | increases in credit costs we or our banking subsidiaries may incur as we or our banking subsidiaries dispose of problem loans or as a result of deteriorations in the credit of our borrowers; |
| • | declines in the value of our or our banking subsidiaries’ securities portfolio; |
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| • | changes in the capital ratio requirements or in the guidelines regarding the calculation of bank holding companies’ or banks’ capital ratios or changes in the regulatory capital requirements for securities firms; |
| • | a reduction in the value of our or our banking subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets; |
| • | adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and |
| • | other adverse developments discussed in these risk factors. |
Our capital ratios may also be adversely affected if we or our banking subsidiaries fail to refinance our subordinated debt obligations with equally subordinated debt. As of March 31, 2009, subordinated debt accounted for approximately 32.9% of our total regulatory capital, 35.7% of BTMU’s total regulatory capital, and 23.7% of total regulatory capital of MUTB, in each case, as calculated under Japanese GAAP. The failure to refinance these subordinated debt obligations with equally subordinated debt may reduce our total regulatory capital and, as a result, negatively affect our capital ratios.
If our capital ratios fall below required levels, the Financial Services Agency could require us to take a variety of corrective actions, including withdrawal from all international operations or suspension of all or part of our business operations. For a discussion of our capital ratios and the related regulatory guidelines, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Japan—Capital Adequacy” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Adequacy.”
The valuation of certain financial instruments may change due to market price fluctuations, changes in accounting standards or otherwise.
A substantial portion of the assets on our consolidated balance sheets includes financial instruments that we carry at fair value. Generally, in order to establish the fair value of these instruments, we rely on quoted market prices. If the value of these financial instruments declines, a corresponding write-down may be recognized in our consolidated statement of operations. As the global financial markets became unstable following concerns of increased defaults of higher risk mortgages in the United States, there have been increasing circumstances where quoted market prices for securities became significantly depressed or were not properly quoted. Specifically, due to the reduction in liquidity of certain debt securities resulting from the global financial market instability in the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we observed that the market for collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) backed by general corporate loans became significantly inactive compared with normal market activity. In light of such circumstances, we concluded that the unadjusted non-binding quotes from broker-dealers became less reflective of the fair value as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” with respect to such CLOs. Consequently, we changed the estimation method for estimating the fair value of such CLOs from the method adopting unadjusted quotes from independent broker-dealers to the estimation method weighting the internal model valuation and the non-binding broker-dealer quotes during the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Additional fluctuations in the market or instabilities in the market could have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the financial instruments that we hold.
In response to the recent instabilities in financial markets, several international organizations which set accounting standards announced new or revised rules for estimating the fair value for certain financial instruments. Accounting standards applicable to these financial instruments remain subject to further debate and revision by international organizations which set accounting standards. If the current accounting standards change in the future, the reported values of some of our financial instruments may need to be modified, and such modification could have a significant impact on our financial results or financial condition. Specifically, changes in accounting standards applicable to some of our financial instruments could have a significant negative impact on our capital ratios. For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Estimates.”
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Losses relating to our pension plans and a decline in returns on our plan assets may negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The fair value of our pension plan assets has declined and our investment return has decreased under the current market circumstances. If the fair value of our pension plan assets decline or our investment return decreases further, or if there is a change in the actuarial assumptions on which the calculations of the projected pension obligations or pension plan assets are based, such as a decline in the discount rate or the expected rate of return on plan assets, we may incur additional losses. Changes in the interest rate environment and other factors may also adversely affect the amount of unfunded pension obligations and the resulting annual amortization expense. In addition, we may have to record expenses relating to the amortization of previously unrecognized prior service costs if our pension plans are amended.
If the goodwill recorded in connection with our acquisitions becomes impaired, we may be required to record impairment charges, which may adversely affect our financial results and the price of our securities.
In accordance with US GAAP, we have accounted for our acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. We recorded the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired companies as goodwill. US GAAP requires us to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is tested by initially estimating fair value and then comparing it against the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we are required to record an impairment loss. The amount of impairment and the remaining amount of goodwill, if any, is determined by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit as of the test date against the fair value of the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit as of the same date.
The global financial crisis and recession led to the decline in our market capitalization and negatively affected the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. As a result, we recorded ¥845.8 billion of goodwill impairment charges for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, in addition to having recorded ¥893.7 billion of goodwill impairment charges for the previous fiscal year. As of March 31, 2009, the balance of goodwill was ¥379.4 billion.
We may be required to record additional impairment charges relating to goodwill in future periods if the fair value of any of our reporting units declines below the fair value of related assets net of liabilities. Any additional impairment charges will negatively affect our financial results, and the price of our securities could be adversely affected. For a detailed discussion of the goodwill recorded and our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects— Critical Accounting Estimates—Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Goodwill.”
We may incur significant additional costs for implementing effective internal controls.
In order to operate as a global financial institution, it is essential for us to have effective internal controls, corporate compliance functions, and accounting systems to manage our assets and operations. Moreover, under the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which applies by reason of our status as an SEC reporting company, we are required to establish internal control over our financial reporting, and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclose whether such internal control is effective. Our independent auditors must also conduct an audit to evaluate and then render an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We are also subject to regulations on internal control over financial reporting under Japanese law from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Designing and implementing an effective system of internal control capable of monitoring and managing our business and operations requires significant management and human resources and considerable costs. If we identify any material weaknesses in our internal control system, we may incur significant additional costs for
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remediating such weaknesses. In addition, if we adopt a new accounting system, we may be required to incur significant additional costs for establishing and implementing effective internal controls, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our risk management policies, procedures and methods may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks, which could lead to material losses.
We have devoted significant resources to developing and implementing our risk management policies, procedures and assessment methods and intend to continue to do so in the future. Our risk management policies, procedures and methods, however, may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposures in all economic or market environments or against all types of risk, including risks that we fail to identify or anticipate.
Some of our risk management policies, procedures and methods may not be fully effective in forecasting, identifying and managing our future risks because these risk management policies, procedures and methods are based primarily on our experiences. If our risk management policies, procedures or methods prove ineffective, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
We may be subject to liability and regulatory action if we are unable to protect personal and other confidential information.
There have been many cases where personal information and records in the possession of corporations and institutions were leaked or improperly accessed. In the event that personal information in our possession about our customers or employees is leaked or improperly accessed and subsequently misused, we may be subject to liability and regulatory action. As an institution in possession of personal information, we are required to treat personal and other confidential information as required by the Personal Information Protection Law of Japan, as well as the Banking Law and the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan. We may have to provide compensation for economic loss and emotional distress arising out of a failure to protect such information. In addition, such incidents could create a negative public perception of our operations, systems or brand, which may in turn decrease customer and market confidence and materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
For example, in March 2009, MUS discovered that an employee had illegally stolen and sold customer information to information vendors. In June 2009, MUS received from the Financial Services Agency of Japan an order to improve business operations under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and a recommendation under the Personal Information Protection Law requiring MUS, among other things, to enhance its information security controls so as to prevent any recurrence of similar incidents and to submit a report on MUS’s progress on adopting and implementing remedial and preventive measures.
Damage to our reputation could harm our business.
We are one of the largest and most influential financial institutions in Japan by virtue of our market share and the size of our operations and customer base. Our reputation is critical in maintaining our relationships with clients, investors, regulators and the general public. Our reputation could be damaged by numerous causes, including, among others, system troubles, employee misconduct, failure to properly address potential conflicts of interest, litigation, compliance failures, the activities of customers and counterparties over which we have limited or no control, and exacting scrutiny from regulatory authorities and customers regarding our trade practices and potential abuses of our dominant bargaining position in our dealings with customers. If we are unable to prevent or properly address these causes, we could lose existing or prospective customers and investors, in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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Our businesses may be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees.
Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Competition for qualified employees in the banking, securities and financial services industries is intense. Our continued ability to compete effectively in our businesses depends on our ability to attract new employees as necessary and to retain and motivate our existing employees. If we are not successful in attracting and retaining sufficient skilled employees through our hiring efforts and training programs aimed to maintain and enhance the skills and expertise of our employees, our competitiveness and performance could be negatively affected, and consequently, our business, operating results and financial condition may also be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Owning Our Shares
Rights of shareholders under Japanese law may be different from those under the laws of jurisdictions within the United States and other countries.
Our Articles of Incorporation, the regulations of our board of directors and the Company Law of Japan, or the Company Law (also known as the Corporation Act), govern our corporate affairs. Legal principles relating to such matters as the validity of corporate procedures, directors’ and officers’ fiduciary duties and shareholder rights are different from those that would apply if we were not a Japanese corporation. Shareholder rights under Japanese law are different in some respects from shareholder rights under the laws of jurisdictions within the United States and other countries. You may have more difficulty in asserting your rights as a shareholder than you would as a shareholder of a corporation organized in a jurisdiction outside of Japan. For a detailed discussion of the relevant provisions under the Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation, see “Item 10.B. Additional Information—Memorandum and Articles of Association.”
It may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or our directors, corporate auditors or other management members, or to enforce against us or those persons judgments obtained in US courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States.
We are a joint stock company incorporated under the laws of Japan. Almost all of our directors, corporate auditors or other management members reside outside the United States. Many of our assets and the assets of these persons are located in Japan and elsewhere outside the United States. It may not be possible, therefore, for US investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons or to enforce, against us or these persons, judgments obtained in the US courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. We believe that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Japan, in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of US courts, of claims predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States.
Risks Related to Owning Our ADSs
As a holder of ADSs, you have fewer rights than a shareholder and you must act through the depositary to exercise these rights.
The rights of our shareholders under Japanese law to take actions such as voting, receiving dividends and distributions, bringing derivative actions, examining our accounting books and records and exercising appraisal rights are available only to shareholders of record. Because the depositary, through its custodian, is the record holder of the shares underlying the American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, a holder of ADSs may not be entitled to the same rights as a shareholder. In your capacity as an ADS holder, you are not able to bring a derivative action, examine our accounting books and records or exercise appraisal rights, except through the depositary.
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Foreign exchange rate fluctuations may affect the US dollar value of our ADSs and dividends payable to holders of our ADSs.
Market prices for our ADSs may fall if the value of the yen declines against the US dollar. In addition, the US dollar amount of cash dividends and other cash payments made to holders of our ADSs would be reduced if the value of the yen declines against the US dollar.
| Item 4. | Information on the Company. |
A. History and Development of the Company
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.
MUFG is a bank holding company incorporated as a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) under the Company Law of Japan. We are the holding company for The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB, and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., or MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd., or Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, and other companies engaged in a wide range of financial businesses.
On April 2, 2001, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation, or Mitsubishi Trust Bank, and Nippon Trust Bank Limited established MTFG to be a holding company for the three entities. Before that, each of the banks had been a publicly held company. On April 2, 2001, through a stock-for-stock exchange, they became wholly owned subsidiaries of MTFG, and the former shareholders of the three banks became shareholders of MTFG. Nippon Trust Bank Limited was later merged into Mitsubishi Trust Bank.
On April 1, 2004, we implemented a new integrated business group system, which currently integrates the operations of BTMU, MUTB and MUS into the following three areas—Retail, Corporate, and Trust Assets. Although this new measure did not change the legal entities of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS, it is intended to enhance synergies by promoting more effective and efficient collaboration between our subsidiaries.
On July 1, 2005, MTFG made Mitsubishi Securities Co., Ltd. a directly held subsidiary by acquiring all of the shares of Mitsubishi Securities common stock held by Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and Mitsubishi Trust Bank.
On June 29, 2005, the merger agreement between MTFG and UFJ Holdings was approved at the general shareholders meetings of MTFG and UFJ Holdings. As the surviving entity, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. was renamed “Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” The merger of the two bank holding companies was completed on October 1, 2005.
On September 30, 2007, MUS became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG through a share exchange transaction.
On August 1, 2008, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG through a share exchange transaction. On the same day, we entered into a share transfer agreement with The Norinchukin Bank, or Norinchukin, under which we sold some of our shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock to Norinchukin. Currently, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is a consolidated subsidiary of MUFG.
On October 13, 2008, we made an investment in Morgan Stanley as part of a global strategic alliance. We beneficially own approximately 20% of the common stock of Morgan Stanley (assuming full conversion of the convertible preferred stock of Morgan Stanley we currently own), and are pursuing a variety of business opportunities in Japan and abroad.
On October 21, 2008, we completed a tender offer for outstanding shares of ACOM CO., LTD. common stock, raising our ownership in ACOM to approximately 40%.
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On November 4, 2008, BTMU completed the acquisition of all of the shares of common stock of UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, not owned by BTMU and, as a result, UNBC became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of MUFG.
Our registered address is 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8330, Japan, and our telephone number is 81-3-3240-8111.
For a discussion of recent developments, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”
The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.
BTMU is a major commercial banking organization in Japan that provides a broad range of domestic and international banking services from its offices in Japan and around the world. BTMU’s registered head office is located at 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8388, Japan, and its telephone number is 81-3-3240-1111. BTMU is a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Company Law.
BTMU was formed through the merger, on January 1, 2006, of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and UFJ Bank Limited after their respective parent companies, MTFG and UFJ Holdings, merged to form MUFG on October 1, 2005.
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi was formed through the merger, on April 1, 1996, of The Mitsubishi Bank, Limited and The Bank of Tokyo, Ltd.
The origins of Mitsubishi Bank can be traced to the Mitsubishi Exchange Office, a money exchange house established in 1880 by Yataro Iwasaki, the founder of the Mitsubishi industrial, commercial and financial group. In 1895, the Mitsubishi Exchange Office was succeeded by the Banking Division of the Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha, the holding company of the “Mitsubishi group” of companies. Mitsubishi Bank had been a principal bank to many of the Mitsubishi group companies but broadened its relationships to cover a wide range of Japanese industries, small and medium-sized companies and individuals.
Bank of Tokyo was established in 1946 as a successor to The Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd., a special foreign exchange bank established in 1880. When the government of Japan promulgated the Foreign Exchange Bank Law in 1954, Bank of Tokyo became the only bank licensed under that law. Because of its license, Bank of Tokyo received special consideration from the Ministry of Finance in establishing its offices abroad and in many other aspects relating to foreign exchange and international finance.
UFJ Bank was formed through the merger, on January 15, 2002, of The Sanwa Bank, Limited and The Tokai Bank, Limited.
Sanwa Bank was established in 1933 when the three Osaka-based banks, the Konoike Bank, the Yamaguchi Bank, and the Sanjyushi Bank merged. Sanwa Bank was known as a city bank having the longest history in Japan, since the foundation of Konoike Bank can be traced back to the Konoike Exchange Office established in 1656. The origin of Yamaguchi Bank was also a money exchange house, established in 1863. Sanjyushi Bank was founded by influential fiber wholesalers in 1878. The corporate philosophy of Sanwa Bank had been the creation of the premier banking services especially for small and medium-sized companies and individuals.
Tokai Bank was established in 1941 when the three Nagoya-based banks, the Aichi Bank, the Ito Bank, and the Nagoya Bank merged. In 1896, Aichi Bank took over businesses of the Jyuichi Bank established by wholesalers in 1877 and the Hyakusanjyushi Bank established in 1878. Ito Bank and Nagoya Bank were established in 1881 and 1882, respectively. Tokai Bank had expanded the commercial banking business to contribute to economic growth mainly of the Chubu area in Japan, which is known for the manufacturing industry, especially automobiles.
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Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation
MUTB is a major trust bank in Japan, providing trust and banking services to meet the financing and investment needs of clients in Japan and the rest of Asia, as well as in the United States and Europe. MUTB’s registered head office is located at 4-5, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8212, Japan, and its telephone number is 81-3-3212-1211. MUTB is a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Company Law.
MUTB was formed on October 1, 2005 through the merger of Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation, or Mitsubishi Trust Bank, and UFJ Trust Bank Limited. As the surviving entity, Mitsubishi Trust Bank was renamed “Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation.”
Mitsubishi Trust Bank traces its history to The Mitsubishi Trust Company, Limited, which was founded by the leading members of the Mitsubishi group companies in 1927. The Japanese banking and financial industry was reconstructed after World War II and, in 1948, Mitsubishi Trust Bank was authorized to engage in the commercial banking business, in addition to its trust business, under the new name Asahi Trust & Banking Corporation. In 1952, the bank changed its name again, to “The Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation.”
Nippon Trust Bank and The Tokyo Trust Bank, Ltd., which were previously subsidiaries of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, were merged into Mitsubishi Trust Bank on October 1, 2001.
UFJ Trust Bank was founded in 1959 as The Toyo Trust & Banking Company, Limited, or Toyo Trust Bank. The Sanwa Trust & Banking Company, Limited, which was a subsidiary of Sanwa Bank, was merged into Toyo Trust Bank on October 1, 1999. The Tokai Trust & Banking Company, Limited, which was a subsidiary of Tokai Bank, was merged into Toyo Trust Bank on July 1, 2001. Toyo Trust Bank was renamed “UFJ Trust Bank Limited” on January 15, 2002.
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd.
MUS was formed through the merger between Mitsubishi Securities Co., Ltd. and UFJ Tsubasa Securities Co., Ltd. on October 1, 2005. As the surviving entity, Mitsubishi Securities was renamed “Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd.” MUS is a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG. MUS’s registered head office is located at 4-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6317, Japan, and its telephone number is 81-3-6213-8500. MUS is a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Company Law.
MUS functions as the core of our securities and investment banking business, including underwriting and brokerage of securities, mergers and acquisitions, derivatives, corporate advisory and securitization operations. In addition to its own independent branches, MUS serves individual customers of BTMU and MUTB through a network of MUFG Plazas, which provide individual customers with one-stop access to services and products offered by MUS, BTMU and MUTB.
In the securities business, MUS offers its customers a wide range of investment products. The equity sales staff members provide services to clients ranging from individual investors to institutional investors in Japan and abroad. Through derivative products, MUS provides solutions to meet customers’ risk management needs. MUS also offers structured bonds utilizing various types of derivatives in response to customers’ investment needs. In the investment trust business, MUS provides its retail and corporate customers a wide variety of products. MUS also offers investment banking services in such areas as bond underwriting, equity underwriting, initial public offerings, support for IR activities, securitization of assets and mergers and acquisitions. MUS has research functions and provides in-depth company and strategy reports. To strengthen and enhance our global securities business network, MUS has major overseas subsidiaries in London, New York, Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai and Geneva.
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In March 2009, we signed a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to form a securities joint venture in Japan by combining MUS and Morgan Stanley Japan Securities Co., Ltd. by March 2010, subject to regulatory approval. For more information on our strategic alliance with Morgan Stanley, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”
Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is a major credit card company in Japan that issues credit cards, including those issued under the MUFG, NICOS, UFJ and DC brands, and provides a broad range of credit card and other related services for its card members in Japan. Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is a consolidated subsidiary of MUFG. Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS’s registered head office is located at 33-5, Hongo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8411, Japan, and its telephone number is 81-3-3811-3111. Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Company Law.
Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS was formed through the merger, on April 1, 2007, of UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. and DC Card Co., Ltd. As the surviving entity, UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. was renamed “Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.”
UFJ NICOS was formed through the merger, on October 1, 2005, of Nippon Shinpan Co., Ltd. and UFJ Card Co., Ltd. Originally founded in 1951 and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1961, Nippon Shinpan was a leading company in the consumer credit business in Japan. Nippon Shinpan became a subsidiary of MUFG at the time of the merger with UFJ Card.
Prior to the merger between MTFG and UFJ Holdings in October 2005, DC Card was a subsidiary of MTFG while UFJ Card was a subsidiary of UFJ Holdings.
B. Business Overview
We are one of the world’s largest and most diversified financial groups with total assets of ¥193 trillion as of March 31, 2009. The Group is comprised of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and other subsidiaries and affiliates. Our services include commercial banking, trust banking, securities, credit cards, consumer finance, asset management, leasing and many more fields of financial services. The Group has the largest overseas network among the Japanese banks, comprised of offices and subsidiaries, including Union Bank, N.A., or Union Bank, in more than 40 countries.
While maintaining the corporate cultures and core competencies of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, we, as the holding company, seek to work with them to find ways to:
| • | establish a more diversified financial services group operating across business sectors; |
| • | leverage the flexibility afforded by our organizational structure to expand our business; |
| • | benefit from the collective expertise of BTMU, MUTB, MUS and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS; |
| • | achieve operational efficiencies and economies of scale; and |
| • | enhance the sophistication and comprehensiveness of the Group’s risk management expertise. |
In order to further enhance our operations and increase profits, in April 2004 we introduced an integrated business group system comprising three core business areas: Retail, Corporate, and Trust Assets. These three businesses serve as the Group’s core sources of net operating profit. Our remaining business areas are grouped into Global Markets and Other. In addition, MUFG’s role as the holding company has expanded from strategic coordination to integrated strategic management. Group-wide strategies are determined by the holding company and executed by the banking subsidiaries and other subsidiaries.
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MUFG Management Philosophy
MUFG’s management philosophy serves as the basic policy in conducting its business activities, and provides guidelines for all group activities. It is also the foundation for management decisions, including the formulation of management strategies and management plans, and serves as the core value for all employees. BTMU, MUTB, MUS and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS adopted the MUFG’s management philosophy as their own respective management philosophy, and the entire group strives to comply with this philosophy. The details of the MUFG’s management philosophy are set forth below:
| • | We will respond promptly and accurately to the diverse needs of our customers around the world and seek to inspire their trust and confidence; |
| • | We will offer innovative and high-quality financial services by actively pursuing the cultivation of new business areas and developing new technologies; |
| • | We will comply strictly with all laws and regulations and conduct our business in a fair and transparent manner to gain the public’s trust and confidence; |
| • | We will seek to inspire the trust of our shareholders by enhancing corporate value through continuous business development and appropriate risk management, and by disclosing corporate information in a timely and appropriate manner; |
| • | We will contribute to progress toward a sustainable society by assisting with development in the areas in which we operate and conducting our business activities with consideration for the environment; and |
| • | We will provide the opportunities and work environment necessary for all employees to enhance their expertise and make full use of their abilities. |
We have declared our message to the world as “Quality for You,” with management’s emphasis on quality. “Quality for You” means that by providing high-quality services, we aspire to help improve the quality of the lives of individual customers, and the quality of each corporate customer. The “You” expresses the basic stance of MUFG that we seek to contribute not only to the development of our individual customers but also communities and society. We believe that delivering superior quality services, reliability, and global coverage will result in more profound and enduring contributions to society.
Integrated Retail Banking Business Group
The Integrated Retail Banking Business Group covers all domestic retail businesses, including commercial banking, trust banking and securities businesses, and enables us to offer a full range of banking products and services, including financial consulting services, to retail customers in Japan. This business group integrates the retail business of BTMU, MUTB and MUS as well as retail product development, promotion and marketing in a single management structure. Many of our retail services are offered through our network of MUFG Plazas providing individual customers with one-stop access to our comprehensive financial product offerings of integrated commercial banking, trust banking and securities services.
Deposits and retail asset management services. We offer a full range of bank deposit products including a non-interest-bearing deposit account that is redeemable on demand and intended primarily for payment and settlement functions, and is fully insured without a maximum amount limitation.
We also offer a variety of asset management and asset administration services to individuals, including savings instruments such as current accounts, ordinary deposits, time deposits, deposits at notice and other deposit facilities. We also offer trust products, such as loan trusts and money trusts, and other investment products, such as investment trusts, performance-based money trusts and foreign currency deposits.
We create portfolios tailored to customer needs by combining savings instruments and investment products. We also provide a range of asset management and asset administration products as well as customized trust products for high net worth individuals, as well as advisory services relating to, among other things, the purchase and disposal of real estate and effective land utilization, and testamentary trusts.
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Investment trusts. We provide a varied lineup of investment trust products allowing our customers to choose products according to their investment needs through BTMU, MUTB and MUS as well as kabu.com Securities, which specializes in online financial services. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, BTMU introduced a total of six new investment trusts. As of the end of March 2009, BTMU offered our clients a total of 72 investment trusts. Moreover, BTMU has placed significant importance on ensuring that aftercare is provided to all of our customers who have purchased our investment trust products.
Insurance. Since the Japanese government lifted the prohibition against sales of annuity insurance products by banks in October 2002, we have been actively offering insurance products to meet the needs of our customers. Our current lineup of insurance products consists of investment-type individual annuities, foreign currency-denominated insurance annuities and yen-denominated fixed-amount annuity insurance. Additionally, since January 2005, we have been offering single premium term insurance. BTMU has been offering life, medical and cancer insurance since December 2007 and care insurance since April 2008. Since the regulatory changes in December 2007 eliminated the restrictions on over-the-counter sales of life insurance products by banks, BTMU has introduced seven varieties of life insurance products (four life insurance, two medical insurance and one cancer insurance products). Between December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2009, the number of branches through which BTMU offers insurance products increased from 173 to 377. Professional insurance sales representatives, called “Insurance Planners,” have been assigned to each branch where these insurance products are sold in order to ensure that the branch responds to our customers’ needs. MUTB also offers whole term life insurance and medical insurance at all of its branches.
Financial products intermediation services. Our banking subsidiaries entered the securities industry following the lifting of the ban on securities intermediation by banks in Japan in December 2004. We offer stocks including public offerings, foreign and domestic investment trusts, Japanese government bonds, foreign bonds and various other products through BTMU and MUTB with MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ Merrill Lynch PB Securities Co., Ltd. and kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. acting as agents. As of the end of March 31, 2009, BTMU employed approximately 470 employees seconded from MUS, of whom around 280 were assigned to branches in Japan as sales representatives, while 90 employees were employed in the capacity of Retail Money Desk, or RMD, representatives to assist the branch sales force. They are sales professionals mostly seconded from MUS with strong sales skills and a sophisticated understanding of compliance.
Loans. We offer housing loans, card loans, and other loans to individuals. With respect to housing loans, in addition to ultra-long term fixed rate housing loans and housing loans incorporating health insurance for seven major illnesses, BTMU began offering in June 2009 preferential interest rates under its “Environmentally Friendly Support” program to customers who purchase “environment-conscious” houses (houses with solar electric systems) which meet specific criteria in response to increasing public interest in environmental issues. Since November 2007, BTMU has been offering a card loan service called “BANQUIC” through which loan applications are accepted and approved for customers who meet certain criteria immediately upon submission. In January 2009, under this service, BTMU began accepting loan applications through mobile phones as a new channel in addition to telephone, internet, postal mail and facsimile. In June 2009, BTMU also started accepting loan applications through the “Video Counters” that allow face-to-face style contact with operators through the use of a video conferencing system. BTMU continues to strive to meet a wide variety of customer needs by enhancing our product offerings and increasing customers’ ease of access to our services.
Credit cards. In October 2004, BTMU began to issue multi-functional “IC cards,” which combine ATM card, credit card and electronic money functions that enhance customer’s ease of access to our services. For example, BTMU has been offering an “alliance credit card,” which is an integrated IC commuter pass compatible with the ticketing systems of Japanese railway companies, including East Japan Railway Company since February 2007, Kintetsu Corporation since February 2008, and Tokyu Corporation since April 2009.
We strive to improve the quality of our products, aiming to enhance the convenience for our customers. As part of such efforts, in April 2009, BTMU transferred its guarantee service operations for card loans to
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Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS. In August 2008, we acquired, through a share exchange transaction, all the shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS not owned by us, and sold a minority stake in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS to The Norinchukin Bank. As a result, our current ownership interest in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is approximately 85%.
Domestic Network. We offer products and services through a wide range of channels, including branches, ATMs (including convenience store ATMs shared by multiple banks), Mitsubishi-Tokyo UFJ Direct (telephone, internet and mobile phone banking), the Video Counter and postal mail.
We offer integrated financial services combining our banking, trust banking and securities services at MUFG Plazas. These Plazas provide retail customers with integrated and flexible suite of services at one-stop outlets. As of March 31 2009, we provided those services through 48 MUFG Plazas.
To provide exclusive membership services to high net worth customers, private banking offices have been established since December 2006 featuring lounges and private rooms where customers can receive wealth management advice and other services in a relaxing and comfortable setting. As of March 31, 2009, we had 21 private banking offices in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Nagoya and Osaka.
To improve customer convenience, BTMU has enhanced its ATM network and ATM related services. BTMU has also ceased to charge ATM transaction fees from customers of BTMU and MUTB for certain transactions. In addition, BTMU has reduced commissions for transactions conducted through ATMs located in convenience stores.
“Jibun Bank Corporation,” a joint venture between BTMU and KDDI CORPORATION, started its banking business in July 2008. The bank offers comprehensive retail banking services through mobile phone networks.
Trust agency operations. As of the end of March 2009, BTMU engaged in eight businesses as the trust banking agent for MUTB: testamentary trusts, inheritance management, asset succession planning, inheritance management agency operations, business management financial consulting, lifetime gift trusts, share disposal trusts, and marketable securities administration trusts. In October 2006, BTMU accepted approximately 30 financial consultants (sales managers specializing in inheritance business) from MUTB. Because of Japan’s aging society, customer demand for inheritance-related advice is increasing and we aim to significantly strengthen our ability to cross-sell the inheritance business to our existing customers.
Strategic alliances. In July 2008, BTMU acquired 49.375% of the issued shares of JALCARD, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd. As a result, JALCARD, Inc. became an equity method affiliate of MUFG and BTMU. Through this alliance, we aim to improve our profitability and customer services by capitalizing on the broader customer base, jointly developed products and services, and the brands of MUFG and the Japan Airlines group. For example, we currently plan to introduce a jointly developed program through which our customers who apply for a JALCARD, a frequent flyer program membership card with the functionality of a credit card, will be entitled to preferential terms and services.
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group
The Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group covers all domestic and overseas corporate businesses, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and securities businesses as well as UNBC. UNBC is a wholly owned subsidiary of BTMU and a US bank holding company with Union Bank, being its primary subsidiary. On December 18, 2008, Union Bank changed its name to the current name from Union Bank of California, N.A. Through the integration of these business lines, diverse financial products and services are provided to our corporate clients, from large corporations to medium-sized and small businesses. The business group has clarified strategic domains, sales channels and methods to match the different growth stages and financial needs of our corporate customers.
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CIB (Corporate and Investment Banking)
Corporate management/financial strategies. We provide advisory services to customers concerning mergers and acquisitions, inheritance-related business transfers and stock listings. We also help customers develop financial strategies to restructure their balance sheets. These strategies include the use of credit lines, factoring services and securitization of real estate.
Capital Markets. We manage the underwriting of debt and equity instruments for mainly large corporations. We also provide arrangement services relating to private placements primarily for medium-sized enterprise issuers and institutional investors.
Commercial Banking
Corporate financing and fund management. We advise on financing methods to meet various financing needs, including loans with derivatives, corporate bonds, commercial paper, asset-backed securities, securitization programs and syndicated loans. We also offer a wide range of products to meet fund management needs, such as deposits with derivatives, government bonds, debenture notes and investment funds.
Risk management. We offer swaps, options and other risk-hedge programs to customers seeking to reduce various business risks such as those relating to interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations.
Transaction Banking
We provide online banking services that allow customers to make domestic and overseas remittances electronically. Settlement and cash management services include global settlement services, such as Global Cash Management Services, a global pooling/netting service, and a fund management system for group companies, such as the Treasury Station system.
Trust Banking
MUTB’s experience and know-how in the asset management business, real estate brokerage and appraisal services, and stock transfer agency service also enable us to offer services tailored to the financial strategies of each client, including securitization of real estate, receivables and other assets.
Global Businesses
Overseas business support. We provide a full range of services to support customers’ overseas activities, including loans, deposits, assistance with mergers and acquisitions and cash management services. We also provide advisory services to help customers develop financial strategies, such as arranging the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper, providing credit commitments and securitizing real estate in Japan.
Advice on business expansion overseas. We provide advisory services to clients launching businesses overseas, particularly Japanese companies expanding into other Asian countries.
Union Bank. In November 2008, BTMU completed the acquisition of all of the shares of UNBC’s common stock not owned by BTMU and, as a result, UNBC became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of MUFG. UNBC is a US bank holding company with Union Bank being its primary subsidiary. Union Bank is one of the largest commercial banks in California by both total assets and total deposits. Union Bank provides a wide range of financial services to consumers, small businesses, middle market companies and major corporations, primarily in California, Oregon, and Washington, as well as nationally and internationally.
Global Strategic Alliance with Morgan Stanley. We made a $9.0 billion preferred equity investment in Morgan Stanley in October 2008 as part of a global strategic alliance between Morgan Stanley and us. Since this
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initial investment, we have acquired a total of $705 million of shares of Morgan Stanley common stock and sold back to Morgan Stanley $705 million of the preferred securities in May 2008, and we have acquired a total of $471 million of additional shares of Morgan Stanley common stock in June 2009. We beneficially own approximately 20% of the common stock of Morgan Stanley (assuming full conversion of the convertible preferred stock of Morgan Stanley we currently own). In addition, Nobuyuki Hirano, a member of our senior management, has been appointed to serve on the board of directors of Morgan Stanley.
We have reached an agreement with Morgan Stanley on a number of initiatives in connection with the Global Strategic Alliance. In March 2009, we signed a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to form a securities joint venture in Japan by combining MUS and Morgan Stanley Japan Securities Co., Ltd. by March 2010, subject to regulatory approval. The proposed joint venture is expected to become a new industry leader in Japan offering a large domestic retail brokerage network, a full range of institutional businesses, and significant global reach. The memorandum of understanding provides that we will own a 60% interest of the joint venture while Morgan Stanley will own the remaining 40% interest.
On June 30, 2009, the scope of the Global Strategic Alliance was expanded into new geographies and businesses, including (1) a loan marketing joint venture that will provide clients in the Americas with access to expanded, world-class lending and capital markets services from both companies, (2) agreements to establish business referral arrangements in Asia and in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, covering capital markets, loans, fixed income sales and other businesses, (3) a global commodities referral agreement whereby BTMU and its affiliates will refer clients in need of commodities-related hedging solutions to certain affiliates of Morgan Stanley, and (4) an employee secondment program to share best practices and expertise in a wide range of business areas.
For a more detailed discussion on the business alliance, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”
Integrated Trust Assets Business Group
The Integrated Trust Assets Business Group covers asset management and administration services for products such as pension trusts and security trusts by integrating the trust banking expertise of MUTB and the international strengths of BTMU. The business group provides a full range of services to corporate and pension funds, including stable and secure pension fund management and administration, advice on pension schemes, and payment of benefits to scheme members. Our Integrated Trust Assets Business Group combines MUTB’s trust assets business, comprising trust assets management services, asset administration and custodial services, and the businesses of Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody S.A., Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd. and KOKUSAI Asset Management Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody, which was established on April 11, 1974 and was formerly named Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Luxembourg) S.A., provides global custody services, administration services for investment funds and fiduciary and trust accounts, and other related services to institutional investors.
Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management and KOKUSAI Asset Management provide asset management and trust products and services mainly to high net worth individuals, branch customers and corporate clients in Japan.
Global Markets
Global Markets consists of the treasury operations of BTMU and MUTB. Global Markets also conducts asset liability management and liquidity management and provides various financial operations such as money markets, foreign exchange operations and securities investments.
Other
Other mainly consists of the corporate centers of the holding company, BTMU, MUTB and MUS.
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Competition
We face strong competition in all of our principal areas of operation. The deregulation of the Japanese financial markets as well as structural reforms in the regulation of the financial industry have resulted in dramatic changes in the Japanese financial system. Structural reforms have prompted Japanese banks to merge or reorganize their operations, thus changing the nature of the competition from other financial institutions as well as from other types of businesses.
Japan
Deregulation. Competition in Japan has intensified as a result of the relaxation of regulations relating to Japanese financial institutions. Most of the restrictions that served to limit competition were lifted before the year 2000. Deregulation has eliminated barriers between different types of Japanese financial institutions, which are now able to compete directly against one another. Deregulation and market factors have also facilitated the entry of various large foreign financial institutions into the Japanese domestic market.
The Banking Law, as amended, now permits banks to engage in certain types of securities business, including retail sales of investment funds and government and municipal bonds, and, through a domestic and overseas securities subsidiary, all types of securities business, with appropriate registration with or approval of the Financial Services Agency, an agency of the Cabinet Office. The Banking Law was amended in December 2008 to expand the scope of permissible activities of banks, permitting banks to engage in emissions trading and, through their subsidiaries and certain affiliates, Islamic financing. Further increases in competition among financial institutions are expected in these new areas of permissible activities.
In terms of recent market entrants, other financial institutions, such as Orix Corporation, and non-financial companies, such as the Seven & i Holdings group and Sony Corporation, have also begun to offer various banking services, often through non-traditional distribution channels. Also, in recent years, various large foreign financial institutions have entered the Japanese domestic market. Citigroup Inc., for example, has expanded its banking operations in Japan through a locally incorporated banking subsidiary. The privatization of Japan Post, a government-run public services corporation that is the world’s largest holder of deposits, and the establishment of the Japan Post Group companies, including Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd., as part of the continuing privatization process, as well as the privatization of other governmental financial institutions, could also substantially increase competition within the financial services industry.
In the corporate banking sector, the principal effect of these reforms has been the increase in competition as two structural features of Japan’s highly specialized and segmented financial system have eroded:
| • | the separation of banking and securities businesses in Japan; and |
| • | the distinctions among the permissible activities of Japan’s two principal types of private banking institutions. For a discussion of the two principal types of private banking institutions, see “—The Japanese Financial System.” |
In addition, as foreign exchange controls have been generally eliminated, customers can now have direct access to foreign financial institutions, with which we must also compete.
In the consumer banking sector, deregulation has enabled banks to offer customers an increasingly attractive and diversified range of products. For example, banks are permitted to sell investment trusts and all types of insurance products. Recently, competition has increased due to the development of new products and distribution channels. For example, Japanese banks have started competing with one another by developing innovative proprietary computer technologies that allow them to deliver basic banking services in a more efficient manner, such as internet banking services, and to create sophisticated new products in response to customer demand.
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The trust assets business is a promising growth area that is competitive and becoming more so because of changes in the industry. In addition, there is growing corporate demand for change in the trust regulatory environment, such as reform of the pension system and related accounting regulations under Japanese GAAP. However, competition may increase in the future as regulatory barriers to entry are lowered. The current trust business law came into effect on December 30, 2004. Among other things, the trust business law has expanded the types of property that can be entrusted and allows non-financial companies to conduct trust business upon approval. The law has also adopted a type of registration for companies that wish to conduct only the administration type trust business. The Trust Business Law was further amended in December 2006 in order to cope with new types of trusts and to amend the duties imposed on the trustee in accordance with the sweeping amendment to the Law. As these regulatory developments have facilitated the expansion of the trust business, the competition in this area has also intensified.
Integration. Since their formation in 2000 and 2001, the so-called Japanese “mega bank” groups, including us, the Mizuho Financial Group, and the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group have continued to expand their businesses and financial group capabilities. Heightened competition among the mega bank groups is currently expected in the securities sector as they have recently announced plans to expand, or have expanded, their respective securities businesses. In March 2009, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to establish a joint venture combining MUS and Morgan Stanley Japan Securities. In May 2009, Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. acquired Shinko Securities Co., Ltd., and the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group entered into an agreement to acquire Nikko Cordial Securities Inc. and other businesses from Citigroup Inc. In July 2009, The Sumitomo Trust and Banking Co., Ltd. entered into an agreement to acquire Nikko Asset Management Co., Ltd. from Citigroup Inc. The mega bank groups are also expected to face heightened competition with other financial groups. For example, the Nomura Group acquired Lehman Brothers Holding, Inc.’s franchise in the Asia-Pacific region and investment banking businesses in Europe and the Middle East in October 2008.
Foreign
In the United States, we face substantial competition in all aspects of our business. We face competition from other large US and foreign-owned money-center banks, as well as from similar institutions that provide financial services. Through Union Bank, we currently compete principally with US and foreign-owned money-center and regional banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, asset management companies, investment advisory companies, consumer finance companies, credit unions and other financial institutions.
In other international markets, we face competition from commercial banks and similar financial institutions, particularly major international banks and the leading domestic banks in the local financial markets in which we conduct business. In addition, we may face further competition as a result of recent investments, mergers and other business tie-ups among global financial institutions.
The Japanese Financial System
Japanese financial institutions may be categorized into three types:
| • | the central bank, namely the Bank of Japan; |
| • | private banking institutions; and |
| • | government financial institutions. |
The Bank of Japan
The Bank of Japan’s role is to maintain price stability and the stability of the financial system to ensure a solid foundation for sound economic development.
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Private Banking Institutions
Private banking institutions in Japan are commonly classified into two categories (the following numbers are based on information published by the Financial Services Agency available as of August 18, 2009):
| • | ordinary banks (129 ordinary banks and 60 foreign commercial banks with ordinary banking operations); and |
| • | trust banks (19 trust banks, including four Japanese subsidiaries of foreign financial institutions). |
Ordinary banks in turn are classified as city banks, of which there are five, including BTMU, and regional banks, of which there are 109 and other banks, of which there are 15. In general, the operations of ordinary banks correspond to commercial banking operations in the United States. City banks and regional banks are distinguished based on head office location as well as the size and scope of their operations.
The city banks are generally considered to constitute the largest and most influential group of banks in Japan. Generally, these banks are based in large cities, such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, and operate nationally through networks of branch offices. City banks have traditionally emphasized their business with large corporate clients, including the major industrial companies in Japan. However, in light of deregulation and other competitive factors, many of these banks, including BTMU, in recent years have increased their emphasis on other markets, such as small and medium-sized companies and retail banking.
With some exceptions, the regional banks tend to be much smaller in terms of total assets than the city banks. Each of the regional banks is based in one of the Japanese prefectures and extends its operations into neighboring prefectures. Their clients are mostly regional enterprises and local public utilities, although the regional banks also lend to large corporations. In line with the recent trend among financial institutions toward mergers or business tie-ups, various regional banks have announced or are currently negotiating or pursuing integration transactions.
Trust banks, including MUTB, provide various trust services relating to money trusts, pension trusts and investment trusts and offer other services relating to real estate, stock transfer agency and testamentary services as well as banking services.
In recent years, almost all of the city banks have consolidated with other city banks and also, in some cases, with trust banks. Integration among these banks was achieved, in most cases, through the use of a bank holding company.
In addition to ordinary banks and trust banks, other private financial institutions in Japan, including shinkin banks or credit associations, and credit cooperatives, are engaged primarily in making loans to small businesses and individuals.
Government Financial Institutions
Since World War II, a number of government financial institutions have been established. These corporations are wholly owned by the government and operate under its supervision. Their funds are provided mainly from government sources. Certain types of operations undertaken by these institutions have been or are planned to be assumed by, or integrated with the operations of, private corporations, through privatization and other measures.
Among them are the following:
| • | The Development Bank of Japan, which was established for the purpose of contributing to the economic development of Japan by extending long-term loans, mainly to primary and secondary sector industries, and which was reorganized as a joint stock company in October 2008 as part of its ongoing privatization process; |
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| • | Japan Finance Corporation, which was formed in October 2008, through the merger of the International Financial Operations of the former Japan Bank for International Cooperation, National Life Finance Corporation, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Finance Corporation, and Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprise, the primary purposes of which are to supplement and encourage the private financing of exports, imports, overseas investments and overseas economic cooperation, and to supplement private financing to the general public, small and medium enterprises and those engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery; |
| • | Japan Housing Finance Agency, which was originally established in June 1950 as the Government Housing Loan Corporation for the purpose of providing housing loans to the general public, was reorganized as an incorporated administrative agency and became specialized in securitization of housing loans in April 2007; and |
| • | The Postal Service Agency, which was reorganized in April 2003 into Japan Post, a government-run public services corporation, which is currently undergoing a privatization process and, as part of the process, was privatized into the Japan Post Group companies in October 2007. |
Supervision and Regulation
Japan
Supervision. The Financial Services Agency, an agency of the Cabinet Office, or FSA, is responsible for supervising and overseeing financial institutions, making policy for the overall Japanese financial system and conducting insolvency proceedings with respect to financial institutions. The Bank of Japan, as the central bank for financial institutions, also has supervisory authority over banks in Japan, based primarily on its contractual agreements and transactions with the banks.
The Banking Law. Among the various laws that regulate financial institutions, the Banking Law and its subordinated orders and ordinances are regarded as the fundamental law for ordinary banks and other private financial institutions. The Banking Law addresses bank holding companies, capital adequacy, inspections and reporting, as well as the scope of business activities, disclosure, accounting, limitation on granting credit and standards for arm’s length transactions. In addition, the amendment to the Banking Law which came into effect in April 2006 relaxed the standards relating to bank-agent eligibility, which encourages banks to expand their operations through the use of bank agents. As a result of the amendment to the Banking Law and Financial Instruments and Exchange Law effective as of June 2009, firewall regulations that separate bank holding companies/banks from affiliated securities companies have become less stringent, and instead, bank holding companies, banks and other financial institutions are now expressly required to establish an appropriate system to cope with conflicts of interest that may arise from their business operations.
Bank holding company regulations. A bank holding company is prohibited from carrying on any business other than the management of its subsidiaries and other incidental businesses. A bank holding company may have any of the following as a subsidiary: a bank, a securities company, an insurance company and a foreign subsidiary that is engaged in the banking, securities or insurance business. In addition, a bank holding company may have as a subsidiary, any company that is engaged in a finance-related business, such as a credit card company, a leasing company or an investment advisory company. Certain companies that are designated by a ministerial ordinance as those that cultivate new business fields may also become the subsidiary of a bank holding company.
Capital adequacy. The capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the FSA that are applicable to Japanese bank holding companies and banks with international operations closely follow the risk-weighted approach introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank for International Settlements, or BIS. In June 2004, the Basel Committee released revised standards called “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” or Basel II, which has become applicable to Japanese banks since the end of March 2007. Basel II has three core elements, or “pillars”: requiring minimum regulatory capital, the self-regulation
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of financial institutions based on supervisory review, and market discipline through the disclosure of information. Basel II is based on the belief that these three “pillars” will collectively ensure the stability and soundness of financial systems. Although these amendments do not change the minimum capital requirements applicable to internationally active banks, they reflect the nature of risks at each bank more closely.
Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for measuring risks and determining the capital requirements. As a result, Basel II also reflects the nature of risks at each bank more closely. Under Basel II, we and our banking subsidiaries shifted from the Foundation Internal Ratings-Based Approach, or the FIRB approach, to the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approach, or the AIRB approach, to calculate capital requirements for credit risk as of the end of March 2009. The Standardized Approach is used for some subsidiaries that are considered to be immaterial to the overall MUFG capital requirements and a few subsidiaries adopted a phased rollout of the internal ratings-based approach. We and our banking subsidiaries adopted the Standardized Approach to calculate capital requirements for operational risk. As for market risk, we and our banking subsidiaries adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk.
The capital adequacy guidelines are in accordance with the standards of the BIS for a target minimum standard ratio of capital to modified risk-weighted assets of 8.0% on both consolidated and non-consolidated bases for banks with international operations, including BTMU and MUTB, or on a consolidated basis for bank holding companies with international operations, such as MUFG. Modified risk-weighted assets is the sum of risk-weighted assets compiled for credit risk purposes, market risk equivalent amount divided by 8% and operational risk equivalent amount divided by 8%. The capital adequacy guidelines place considerable emphasis on tangible common shareholders’ equity as the core element of the capital base, with appropriate recognition of other components of capital.
Capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III. Tier I capital generally consists of shareholders’ equity items, including common stock, preferred stock, capital surplus, retained earnings (which includes deferred tax assets) and minority interests, but recorded goodwill and other items, such as treasury stock, are deducted from Tier I capital. Tier II capital generally consists of:
| • | The amount (up to a maximum of 0.6% of credit risk-weighted assets) by which eligible reserves for credit losses exceed expected losses in the internal ratings-based approach, and general reserves for credit losses, subject to a limit of 1.25% of modified risk-weighted assets determined by the partial use of the Standardized Approach (including a phased rollout of the internal ratings-based approach); |
| • | 45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities classified as “securities available for sale” under Japanese accounting rules; |
| • | 45% of the land revaluation excess; |
| • | the balance of perpetual subordinated debt; and |
| • | the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years and preferred stock with a maturity up to 50% of Tier I capital. |
Tier III capital generally consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years and which is subject to a “lock-in” provision, which stipulates that neither interest nor principal may be paid if such payment would cause the bank’s overall capital amount to be less than its minimum capital requirement. At least 50% of the minimum total capital requirements must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.
Amendments to the capital adequacy guidelines limiting the portion of Tier I capital consisting of deferred tax assets became effective on March 31, 2006. The restrictions are targeted at major Japanese banks and their holding companies, which include MUFG and its banking subsidiaries. The cap was set at 20% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The banks subject to the restrictions will not be able to reflect in their capital adequacy ratios any deferred tax assets that exceed the relevant limit.
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Inspection and reporting. By evaluating banks’ systems of self-assessment, auditing their accounts and reviewing their compliance with laws and regulations, the FSA monitors the financial soundness of banks, including the status and performance of their control systems for business activities. The FSA implemented the Financial Inspection Rating System (“FIRST”) for deposit-taking financial institutions which has become applicable to major banks since April 1, 2007. By providing inspection results in the form of graded evaluations (i.e., ratings), the FSA expects this rating system to motivate financial institutions to voluntarily improve their management and operations. Additionally, the FSA currently takes the “better regulation” approach in its financial regulation and supervision. This consists of four pillars: optimal combination of rules-based and principles-based supervisory approaches; timely recognition of priority issues and effective response; encouraging voluntary efforts by financial firms and placing greater emphasis on providing them with incentives; improving the transparency and predictability of regulatory actions, in pursuit of improvement of the quality of financial regulation and supervision.
The FSA, if necessary to secure the sound and appropriate operation of a bank’s business, may request the submission of reports or materials from, or conduct an on-site inspection of, the bank or the bank holding company. If a bank’s capital adequacy ratio falls below a specified level, the FSA may request the bank to submit an improvement plan and may restrict or suspend the bank’s operations when it determines that action is necessary.
In addition, the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission inspects banks in connection with their securities business as well as financial instruments business operators, such as securities firms.
The Bank of Japan also conducts inspections of banks similar to those undertaken by the FSA. The Bank of Japan Law provides that the Bank of Japan and financial institutions may agree as to the form of inspection to be conducted by the Bank of Japan.
Laws limiting shareholdings of banks. The provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law that prohibit a bank from holding more than 5% of another company’s voting rights do not apply to a bank holding company. However, the Banking Law prohibits a bank holding company and its subsidiaries from holding, on an aggregated basis, more than 15% of the voting rights of companies other than those which can legally become subsidiaries of bank holding companies.
On September 30, 2006, a law which imposes a limitation on a bank’s shareholding of up to the amount equivalent to its Tier I capital took effect.
Financial Instruments and Exchange Law. The Financial Instruments and Exchange Law amending and replacing the Securities and Exchange Law became effective on September 30, 2007. The new law not only preserves the basic concepts of the Securities and Exchange Law, but is also intended to further protect investors. The new law also regulates sales of a wide range of financial instruments and services, requiring financial institutions to revise their sales rules and strengthen compliance frameworks and procedures accordingly. Among the instruments that the Japanese banks deal with, derivatives, foreign currency-denominated deposits, and variable insurance and annuity products are subject to regulations covered by sales-related rules of conduct.
Article 33 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law generally prohibits banks from engaging in securities transactions. However, bank holding companies and banks may, through a domestic or overseas securities subsidiary, conduct all types of securities business, with appropriate approval from the FSA. Similarly, registered banks are permitted to provide securities intermediation services and engage in certain other similar types of securities related transactions, including retail sales of investment funds and government and municipal bonds.
Anti-money laundering laws. Under the Law for Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, banks and other financial institutions are required to report to responsible ministers, in the case of banks, the Commissioner of the FSA, any assets which they receive while conducting their businesses that are suspected of being illicit profits from criminal activity.
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Law concerning trust business conducted by financial institutions. Under the Trust Business Law, joint stock companies that are licensed by the Prime Minister as trust companies are allowed to conduct trust business. In addition, under the Law Concerning Concurrent Operation for Trust Business by Financial Institutions, banks and other financial institutions, as permitted by the Prime Minister, are able to conduct trust business. The Trust Business Law was amended in December 2004 to expand the types of property that can be entrusted, to allow non-financial companies to conduct trust business and to allow a new type of registration for trustees who conduct only administration type trust business. The Trust Business Law was further amended in December 2006 in order to cope with new types of trust and to amend the duties imposed on the trustee in accordance with the sweeping amendment to the Trust Law.
Deposit insurance system and government measures for troubled financial institutions. The Deposit Insurance Law is intended to protect depositors if a financial institution fails to meet its obligations. The Deposit Insurance Corporation was established in accordance with that law.
City banks (including BTMU), regional banks, trust banks (including MUTB), and various other credit institutions participate in the deposit insurance system on a compulsory basis.
Under the Deposit Insurance Law, the maximum amount of protection is ¥10 million per customer within one bank. Since April 1, 2005, all deposits are subject to the ¥10 million maximum, except for non-interest bearing deposits that are redeemable on demand and used by the depositor primarily for payment and settlement functions (the “settlement accounts”). Such deposit accounts are fully protected without a maximum amount limitation. Certain types of deposits are not covered by the deposit insurance system, such as foreign currency deposits and negotiable certificates of deposit. Currently, the Deposit Insurance Corporation charges insurance premiums equal to 0.107% on the deposits in the settlement accounts, which are fully protected as mentioned above, and premiums equal to 0.081% on the deposits in other accounts.
Since 1998, the failure of a number of large-scale financial institutions has led to the introduction of various measures with a view to stabilizing Japan’s financial system, including financial support from the national budget.
Under the Deposit Insurance Law, a Financial Reorganization Administrator can be appointed by the Prime Minister if a bank is unable to fully perform its obligations with its assets or may suspend or has suspended repayment of deposits. The Financial Reorganization Administrator will take control of the assets of the troubled bank, dispose of the assets and search for another institution willing to take over its business. The troubled bank’s business may also be transferred to a “bridge bank” established by the Deposit Insurance Corporation for the purpose of the temporary maintenance and continuation of operations of the troubled bank, and the bridge bank will seek to transfer the troubled bank’s assets to another financial institution or dissolve the troubled bank. The Deposit Insurance Corporation protects deposits, as described above, either by providing financial aid for costs incurred by the financial institution succeeding the insolvent bank or by paying insurance money directly to depositors. The financial aid, provided by the Deposit Insurance Corporation, may take the form of a monetary grant, loan or deposit of funds, purchase of assets, guarantee or assumption of debts, subscription of preferred stock, or loss sharing. The Deposit Insurance Law also provides for exceptional measures to cope with systemic risk in the financial industry.
Further, against the background of the global financial crisis, in December 2008 the Law Concerning Special Measures for Strengthening of Financial Function was amended in order to enable the Japanese government to take special measures in order to strengthen the capital of financial institutions. Under the law, banks and other financial institutions may apply to receive capital injections from the Deposit Insurance Corporation, subject to government approval, which will be granted subject to the fulfillment of certain requirements, including, among other things, the improvement of profitability and efficiency, facilitation of financing to mid-small business enterprises in the local communities, and that the financial institution is not insolvent. The application deadline is March 31, 2012.
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Personal Information Protection Law. With regards to protection of personal information, the Personal Information Protection Law became fully effective on April 1, 2005. Among other matters, the law requires Japanese banking institutions to limit the use of personal information to the stated purpose and to properly manage the personal information in their possession, and forbids them from providing personal information to third parties without consent. If a bank violates certain provisions of the law, the FSA may advise or order the bank to take proper action. The FSA announced related guidelines for the financial services sector in December 2004. In addition, the Banking Law and the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law provide certain provisions with respect to appropriate handling of customer information.
Law concerning Protection of Depositors from Illegal Withdrawals Made by Counterfeit or Stolen Cards. This law became effective in February 2006 and requires financial institutions to establish internal systems to prevent illegal withdrawals of deposits made using counterfeit or stolen bank cards. The law also requires financial institutions to compensate depositors for any amount illegally withdrawn using counterfeit bank cards, unless the financial institution can verify that it acted in good faith without negligence, and there is gross negligence on the part of the relevant account holder.
Recent Regulatory Actions. In February 2007, BTMU received an administrative order from the FSA in respect of compliance management at certain of its operations regarding the occurrence of certain inappropriate transactions. The administrative order required, among other things, temporary suspensions of credit extensions to new corporate customers, training of all staff and directors regarding compliance, temporary suspension of the establishment of new domestic corporate business locations, strengthening of the management and internal control framework, presentation and implementation of a business improvement plan, and reports on the progress of such business improvement plan. Further, in June 2007, BTMU received separate administrative orders from the FSA in respect of its overseas business and its investment trust sales and related business. The administrative orders required, among other things, BTMU to make improvements of its compliance structure and related internal control functions in its overseas business and its domestic investment trust sales and related business, presentation and implementation of a business improvement plan, and reports on the progress of such business improvement plan.
Also, in January 2007, MUS received a business improvement order from the FSA following a recommendation by the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission of Japan regarding securities transactions conducted by MUS for its proprietary account. In June 2009, MUS further received from the FSA an order to improve business operations pursuant to Section 51 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and a recommendation pursuant to the first paragraph of Section 34 of the Personal Information Protection Law in connection with the incident where data including customer information were fraudulently stolen.
In July 2009, kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd., a consolidated subsidiary, received an order to improve business operations from the FSA in connection with a former employee’s trading activities in violation of Japanese insider trading regulations.
Proposed government reforms to restrict maximum interest rates on consumer lending business. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Law Concerning Acceptance of Investment, Cash Deposit and Interest Rate etc., which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. Currently, consumer finance companies are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law provided that they satisfy certain conditions set forth in the Law Concerning Lending Business. This so-called “gray-zone interest” will be abolished as well. Such reduction in the maximum permissible interest rate will be implemented before mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits (15-20% per annum) imposed by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel, or has already compelled, lending institutions, including our consumer finance subsidiaries and equity method investees, to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.
In addition, the Supreme Court of Japan recently passed decisions concerning interest exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, and the business environment for consumer finance companies in
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Japan has been altered in favor of borrowers. Due to such changes, borrowers’ demands for reimbursement of such excess interest that they have paid to the consumer finance companies have significantly increased and are still holding at high levels.
Furthermore, new regulations that are scheduled to be effective before mid-2010 are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies to review the repayment capability of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers.
United States
As a result of our operations in the United States, we are subject to extensive US federal and state supervision and regulation.
Overall supervision and regulation. We are subject to supervision, regulation and examination with respect to our US operations by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Reserve Board, pursuant to the US Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or the BHCA, and the International Banking Act of 1978, as amended, or the IBA, because we are a bank holding company and a foreign banking organization, respectively, as defined pursuant to those statutes. The Federal Reserve Board functions as our “umbrella” supervisor under amendments to the BHCA effected by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which among other things:
| • | prohibited further expansion of the types of activities in which bank holding companies, acting directly or through nonbank subsidiaries, may engage; |
| • | authorized qualifying bank holding companies to opt to become “financial holding companies,” and thereby acquire the authority to engage in an expanded list of activities; and |
| • | modified the role of the Federal Reserve Board by specifying new relationships between the Federal Reserve Board and the functional regulators of nonbank subsidiaries of both bank holding companies and financial holding companies. |
The BHCA generally prohibits each of a bank holding company and a foreign banking organization that maintains branches or agencies in the United States from, directly or indirectly, acquiring more than 5% of the voting shares of any company engaged in nonbanking activities in the United States unless the bank holding company or foreign banking organization has elected to become a financial holding company, as discussed above, or the Federal Reserve Board has determined, by order or regulation, that such activities are so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto and has granted its approval to the bank holding company or foreign banking organization for such an acquisition. The BHCA also requires a bank holding company or foreign banking organization that maintains branches or agencies in the United States to obtain the prior approval of an appropriate federal banking authority before acquiring, directly or indirectly, the ownership of more than 5% of the voting shares or control of any US bank or bank holding company. In addition, under the BHCA, a US bank or a US branch or agency of a foreign bank is prohibited from engaging in various tying arrangements involving it or its affiliates in connection with any extension of credit, sale or lease of any property or provision of any services.
On October 6, 2008, we became a financial holding company. At the same time, BTMU, MUTB, and UNBC, which are also bank holding companies, elected to become financial holding companies. As noted above, as a financial holding company we are authorized to engage in an expanded list of activities. These activities include those deemed to be financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity, including among other things merchant banking, insurance underwriting, and a full range of securities activities. In addition, we are permitted to engage in certain specified nonbanking activities deemed to be closely related to banking, without prior notice to or approval from the Federal Reserve Board. To date, we have utilized this expanded authority by electing to engage in certain securities activities, including securities underwriting, indirectly through certain of our securities subsidiaries. In order to maintain our status as a financial holding company that allows us to
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expand our activities, we must continue to meet certain standards established by the Federal Reserve Board. Those standards require that we exceed the minimum standards applicable to bank holding companies that have not elected to become financial holding companies. These higher standards include meeting the “well capitalized” and “well managed” standards for financial holding companies as defined in the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board. In addition, as a financial holding company, we must ensure that our US banking subsidiaries identified below meet certain minimum standards under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. At this time, we continue to comply with these standards.
US branches and agencies of subsidiary Japanese banks. Under the authority of the IBA, our banking subsidiaries , BTMU and MUTB, operate seven branches, two agencies and five representative offices in the United States. BTMU operates branches in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California; Chicago, Illinois; New York, New York; Portland, Oregon; and Seattle, Washington; agencies in Atlanta, Georgia and Houston, Texas; and representative offices in Washington, D.C; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Dallas, Texas; Jersey City, New Jersey; and Florence, Kentucky. MUTB operates a branch in New York, New York.
The IBA provides, among other things, that the Federal Reserve Board may examine US branches and agencies of foreign banks, and that each such branch and agency shall be subject to on-site examination by the appropriate federal or state bank supervisor as frequently as would a US bank. The IBA also provides that if the Federal Reserve Board determines that a foreign bank is not subject to comprehensive supervision or regulation on a consolidated basis by the appropriate authorities in its home country, or if there is reasonable cause to believe that the foreign bank or its affiliate has committed a violation of law or engaged in an unsafe or unsound banking practice in the United States, the Federal Reserve Board may order the foreign bank to terminate activities conducted at a branch or agency in the United States.
US branches and agencies of foreign banks must be licensed, and are also supervised and regulated, by a state or by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the OCC, the federal regulator of national banks. All of the branches and agencies of BTMU and MUTB in the United States are state-licensed. Under US federal banking laws, state-licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks may engage only in activities that would be permissible for their federally-licensed counterparts, unless the Federal Reserve Board determines that the additional activity is consistent with sound practices. US federal banking laws also subject state-licensed branches and agencies to the single-borrower lending limits that apply to federal branches and agencies, which generally are the same as the lending limits applicable to national banks, but are based on the capital of the entire foreign bank.
As an example of state supervision, the branches of BTMU and MUTB in New York are licensed by the New York State Superintendent of Banks, or the Superintendent, pursuant to the New York Banking Law. Under the New York Banking Law and the Superintendent’s Regulations, each of BTMU and MUTB must maintain with banks in the State of New York eligible assets as defined and in amounts determined by the Superintendent. These New York branches must also submit written reports concerning their assets and liabilities and other matters, to the extent required by the Superintendent, and are examined at periodic intervals by the New York State Banking Department. In addition, the Superintendent is authorized to take possession of the business and property of BTMU and MUTB located in New York whenever events specified in the New York Banking Law occur.
US banking subsidiaries. We indirectly own and control three US banks:
| • | Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company, New York, New York (through BTMU, a registered bank holding company), |
| • | Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A.), New York, New York (through MUTB, a registered bank holding company), and |
| • | Union Bank (through BTMU and its subsidiary, UNBC, a registered bank holding company). |
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company and Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A.) are chartered by the State of New York and are subject to the supervision, examination and regulatory authority
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of the Superintendent pursuant to the New York Banking Law. Union Bank is a national bank subject to the supervision, examination and regulatory authority of the OCC pursuant to the National Bank Act.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC, is the primary federal agency responsible for the supervision, examination and regulation of the two New York-chartered banks referred to above. The FDIC may take enforcement action, including the issuance of prohibitive and affirmative orders, if it determines that a financial institution under its supervision has engaged in unsafe or unsound banking practices, or has committed violations of applicable laws and regulations. The FDIC insures the deposits of all three US banking subsidiaries up to legally specified maximum amounts. In the event of the failure of an FDIC-insured bank, the FDIC is virtually certain to be appointed as receiver, and would resolve the failure under provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. An FDIC-insured institution that is affiliated with a failed or failing FDIC-insured institution can be required to indemnify the FDIC for losses resulting from the insolvency of the failed institution, even if this causes the affiliated institution also to become insolvent. In the liquidation or other resolution of a failed FDIC-insured depository institution, deposits in its US offices and other claims for administrative expenses and employee compensation are afforded priority over other general unsecured claims, including deposits in offices outside the United States, non-deposit claims in all offices and claims of a parent company. Moreover, under longstanding Federal Reserve Board policy, a bank holding company is expected to act as a source of financial strength for its banking subsidiaries and to commit resources to support such banks.
Bank capital requirements and capital distributions. Our US banking subsidiaries are subject to applicable risk-based and leverage capital guidelines issued by US regulators for banks and bank holding companies. In addition, BTMU and MUTB, as foreign banking organizations that have US branches and agencies and that are controlled by us as a financial holding company, are subject to the Federal Reserve’s requirements that they be “well-capitalized based on Japan’s risk based capital standards, as well as “well managed”. All of our US banking subsidiaries and BTMU, MUTB, and UNBC are “well capitalized” as defined under, and otherwise comply with, all US regulatory capital requirements applicable to them. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, or FDICIA, provides, among other things, for expanded regulation of insured depository institutions, including banks, and their parent holding companies. As required by FDICIA, the federal banking agencies have established five capital tiers ranging from “well capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized” for insured depository institutions. As an institution’s capital position deteriorates, the federal banking regulators may take progressively stronger actions, such as further restricting affiliate transactions, activities, asset growth or interest payments. In addition, FDICIA generally prohibits an insured depository institution from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, or the payment of any management fee to its holding company, if the insured depository institution would subsequently become undercapitalized.
The availability of dividends from insured depository institutions in the United States is limited by various other statutes and regulations. The National Bank Act and other federal laws prohibit the payment of dividends by a national bank under various circumstances and limit the amount a national bank can pay without the prior approval of the OCC. In addition, state-chartered banking institutions are subject to dividend limitations imposed by applicable federal and state laws.
Other regulated US subsidiaries. Our nonbank subsidiaries that engage in securities-related activities in the United States are regulated by appropriate functional regulators, such as the SEC, any self-regulatory organizations of which they are members, and the appropriate state regulatory agencies. These nonbank subsidiaries are required to meet separate minimum capital standards as imposed by those regulatory authorities.
Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives and the USA PATRIOT Act. A major focus of US governmental policy relating to financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at preventing money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 substantially broadened the scope of US anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations, creating new crimes and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States. The US Department of the Treasury has issued a number of implementing regulations that impose obligations on financial institutions to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist
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financing, and to verify the identity of their customers. In addition, the bank regulatory agencies carefully scrutinize the adequacy of an institution’s policies, procedures and controls. As a result, there has been an increased number of regulatory sanctions and law enforcement authorities have been taking a more active role. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate policies, procedures and controls to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing could in some cases have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution, including the incurring of expenses to enhance the relevant programs, the imposition of limitations on the scope of their operations and the imposition of fines and other monetary penalties.
Recent Regulatory Actions. In December 2006, we and BTMU entered into a written agreement with the Federal Reserve Banks of San Francisco and New York and the New York State Banking Department, and Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company, or BTMUT, a subsidiary of BTMU, consented to an Order to Cease and Desist issued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the New York State Banking Department, to strengthen the compliance framework and operations of BTMU, the New York Branch of BTMU and BTMUT, respectively, for preventing money laundering. As a result of the written agreement and the consent to the Order to Cease and Desist, we were required, among other things, to implement corrective measures and submit periodic progress reports to the authorities. The terms of each of the written agreement and the Order to Cease and Desist were deemed to be complied with and each was formally terminated by the respective supervisory parties thereto on September 29, 2008.
Separately, on September 14, 2007, Union Bank (then known as Union Bank of California, N.A.) agreed to a consent order and payment of a civil money penalty of $10.0 million assessed concurrently by the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC, and the US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, relating to the Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering compliance controls and processes of Union Bank. On September 17, 2007, Union Bank also entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the US Department of Justice under which Union Bank agreed to a payment of $21.6 million and the government agreed to defer prosecution of a Bank Secrecy Act Program violation primarily related to the discontinued international banking business of Union Bank and dismiss prosecution if Union Bank met the conditions of the deferred prosecution agreement, including complying with the OCC consent order for one year. Union Bank was deemed to be in compliance with the consent order and the consent order was formally terminated by the supervisory parties thereto on September 25, 2008. The conditions of the deferred prosecution agreement were deemed to be met and the deferred prosecution agreement was formally terminated on October 1, 2008.
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C. Organizational Structure
The following chart presents our corporate structure summary as at March 31, 2009:
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Set forth below is a list of our principal consolidated subsidiaries at March 31, 2009:
| Name |
Country of Incorporation |
Proportion of Ownership Interest (%) |
Proportion of Voting Interest(1) (%) |
|||||
| The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| The Senshu Bank, Ltd. |
Japan | 67.47 | % | 67.59 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Merrill Lynch PB Securities Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 50.98 | % | 50.98 | % | |||
| kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 54.86 | % | 54.86 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 84.98 | % | 84.98 | % | |||
| Tokyo Credit Services, Ltd. |
Japan | 74.00 | % | 74.00 | % | |||
| Ryoshin DC Card Company, Ltd. |
Japan | 75.20 | % | 75.20 | % | |||
| Tokyo Associates Finance Corp. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| NBL Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 89.74 | % | 89.74 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Factors Limited |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| MU Frontier Servicer Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 94.44 | % | 94.44 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Capital Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 40.26 | % | 40.26 | % | |||
| MU Hands-on Capital Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 50.00 | % | 50.00 | % | |||
| Defined Contribution Plan Consulting of Japan Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 77.49 | % | 77.49 | % | |||
| KOKUSAI Asset Management Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 53.35 | % | 53.41 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| MU Investments Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Real Estate Services Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Personal Financial Advisers Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 73.69 | % | 73.69 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Ltd. |
Japan | 69.45 | % | 69.45 | % | |||
| MU Business Engineering, Ltd. |
Japan | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Japan Shareholder Services Ltd. |
Japan | 50.00 | % | 50.00 | % | |||
| BOT Lease Co., Ltd. |
Japan | 22.57 | % | 22.57 | % | |||
| UnionBanCal Corporation |
USA | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A.) |
USA | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody S.A. |
Luxembourg | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Wealth Management Bank (Switzerland), Ltd. |
Switzerland | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities International plc |
UK | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc. |
USA | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Trust International Limited |
UK | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (HK) Holdings, Limited |
Peoples’ Republic of China |
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (Singapore), Limited |
Singapore | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| BTMU Capital Corporation |
USA | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| BTMU Leasing & Finance, Inc. |
USA | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| PT U Finance Indonesia |
Indonesia | 95.00 | % | 95.00 | % | |||
| PT. BTMU-BRI Finance |
Indonesia | 55.00 | % | 55.00 | % | |||
| BTMU Lease (Deutschland) GmbH |
Germany | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| BTMU Participation (Thailand) Co., Ltd. |
Thailand | 24.49 | % | 24.49 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Baillie Gifford Asset Management Limited |
UK | 51.00 | % | 51.00 | % | |||
| MU Trust Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. |
Peoples’ Republic of China |
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | |||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (India) Private Limited |
India | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % |
Note:
| (1) | Includes shares held in trading accounts, custody accounts and others. |
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D. Property, Plants and Equipment
Premises and equipment at March 31, 2008 and 2009 consisted of the following:
| At March 31, | ||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Land |
¥ | 430,968 | ¥ | 413,257 | ||
| Buildings |
585,196 | 566,310 | ||||
| Equipment and furniture |
639,228 | 653,211 | ||||
| Leasehold improvements |
355,484 | 356,985 | ||||
| Construction in progress |
6,679 | 16,290 | ||||
| Total |
2,017,555 | 2,006,053 | ||||
| Less accumulated depreciation |
941,749 | 962,637 | ||||
| Premises and equipment—net |
¥ | 1,075,806 | ¥ | 1,043,416 | ||
Our registered address is 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. At March 31, 2009, we and our subsidiaries conducted our operations either in the premises we owned or in the properties we leased.
The following table presents the areas and book values of our material offices and other properties at March 31, 2009:
| Area | Book value | ||||
| (in thousands of square feet) | (in millions) | ||||
| Owned land |
40,646 | ¥ | 413,257 | ||
| Leased land |
9,321 | — | |||
| Owned buildings. |
30,103 | 238,216 | |||
| Leased buildings |
17,493 | — | |||
The buildings and land we own are primarily used by us and our subsidiaries as offices and branches. Most of the buildings and land we own are free from material encumbrances.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we invested approximately ¥154.6 billion in our subsidiaries primarily for office renovations and relocation.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
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| Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. |
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Item 3.A. Key Information—Selected Financial Data,” “Selected Statistical Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| Page | ||||
| Roadmap to Reading the Discussion of Our Operating and Financial Review and Prospects |
||||
| Introduction | 47 | |||
| Recent Developments | 50 | |||
| Business Environment | 55 | |||
| Critical Accounting Estimates | 60 | |||
| Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | 66 | |||
| A. | 67 | |||
| Results of Operations | 67 | |||
| Business Segment Analysis | 78 | |||
| Geographic Segment Analysis | 82 | |||
| Effect of Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation | 83 | |||
| B. | 84 | |||
| Financial Condition | 84 | |||
| Capital Adequacy | 96 | |||
| Non-exchange Traded Contracts Accounted for at Fair Value | 100 | |||
| C. | 100 | |||
| D. | 100 | |||
| E. | 101 | |||
| F. | 107 | |||
| G. | 107 | |||
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We are a holding company for The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., or MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd., or Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, and other subsidiaries. Through our subsidiaries and affiliated companies, we engage in a broad range of financial businesses and services, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and asset management services, securities businesses, and credit card businesses, and provide related services to individual and corporate customers.
Key Financial Figures
The following are some key figures prepared in accordance with US GAAP relating to our business.
Effective April 1, 2008, we discontinued netting our derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and recorded them on a gross basis. To provide a consistent presentation, we restated average balances, as well as period-end balances, of total assets for prior periods. Accordingly, all of the percentages to total assets or total average assets included elsewhere in this Annual Report have been restated. See “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for details.
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||||||
| Net interest income |
¥ | 2,329.8 | ¥ | 2,279.7 | ¥ | 2,296.4 | |||||
| Provision for credit losses |
358.6 | 385.7 | 626.9 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income |
1,947.9 | 1,778.1 | 175.1 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense |
2,784.2 | 3,659.7 | 3,572.5 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
581.3 | (542.4 | ) | (1,468.0 | ) | ||||||
| Total assets (at end of period) |
188,929.5 | 195,766.1 | 193,499.4 | ||||||||
Our revenues consist of net interest income and non-interest income.
Net interest income is a function of:
| • | the amount of interest-earning assets, |
| • | the amount of interest-bearing funds, |
| • | the general level of interest rates, |
| • | the so-called “spread,” or the difference between the rate of interest earned on interest-earning assets and the rate of interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and |
| • | the proportion of interest-earning assets financed by non-interest-bearing liabilities and equity. |
Non-interest income consists of:
| • | fees and commissions, including |
| • | trust fees, |
| • | fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections, |
| • | fees and commissions on international business, |
| • | fees and commissions on credit card business, |
| • | service charges on deposits, |
| • | fees and commissions on securities business, |
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| • | fees on real estate business, |
| • | insurance commissions, |
| • | fees and commissions on stock transfer agency services, |
| • | guarantee fees, |
| • | fees on investment funds business, and |
| • | other fees and commissions; |
| • | foreign exchange gains (losses)—net, which primarily include net gains (losses) on currency derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes and transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies; |
| • | trading account profits (losses)—net, which primarily include net profits (losses) on trading account securities and interest rate derivative contracts entered into for trading purposes; |
| • | investment securities gains (losses)—net, which primarily include net gains (losses) on sales and impairment losses on securities available for sale; |
| • | equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees; |
| • | gains on sales of loans; and |
| • | other non-interest income. |
Provision for credit losses is charged to operations to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level deemed appropriate by management.
Core Business Areas
We operate our main businesses under an integrated business group system, which integrates the operations of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and other subsidiaries in the following three areas—Retail, Corporate and Trust Assets. These three businesses serve as the core sources of our revenue. Operations that are not covered under the integrated business group system are classified under Global Markets and Other.
Our business segment information is based on financial information prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, as adjusted in accordance with internal management accounting rules and practice and is not consistent with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The following chart illustrates the relative contributions to operating profit for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 of the three core business areas and the other business areas based on our business segment information:
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Establishment of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group
In October 2005, MTFG merged with UFJ Holdings to form MUFG. At the same time, our respective trust banking and securities companies merged to form MUTB and MUS. Subsequently, our subsidiary commercial banks merged to form BTMU in January 2006, and our credit card subsidiaries merged to form Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS in April 2007.
The merger marked the creation of a comprehensive financial group with a broad and balanced domestic and international network, and a diverse range of services provided by group companies, complemented by one of the largest customer bases in Japan.
As part of our integration process, we successfully completed a significant project to fully integrate the IT systems of the merged commercial bank subsidiaries and the merged trust bank subsidiaries respectively in December 2008.
The merger of MTFG and UFJ Holdings was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. The purchase price of UFJ Holdings amounted to ¥4,406.1 billion, of which ¥4,403.2 billion was recorded in capital surplus relating to the merger with UFJ Holdings and the direct acquisition costs of ¥2.9 billion were included in the purchase price. The total fair value of UFJ Holdings’ net assets acquired was ¥2,673.0 billion and the goodwill relating to the merger with UFJ Holdings was ¥1,733.1 billion.
We test goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we recorded ¥845.8 billion of impairment related to goodwill, including the goodwill recorded in connection with our acquisitions other than the merger with UFJ Holdings, due to the global financial crisis and recession that negatively affected the fair value of certain of our reporting units for the purposes of our impairment testing, compared to ¥893.7 billion of impairment related to goodwill recorded in the previous fiscal year. For further information, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—If the goodwill recorded in connection with our acquisitions becomes impaired, we may be required to record impairment charges, which may adversely affect our financial results and price of our securities,” and Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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Strategic Global Alliance with Morgan Stanley
On October 13, 2008, we acquired approximately $7,839.2 million of perpetual non-cumulative convertible preferred stock without voting rights and approximately $1,160.8 million of perpetual non-cumulative non-convertible preferred stock without voting rights issued by Morgan Stanley. The acquisition was made pursuant to an agreement with Morgan Stanley to enter into a strategic capital alliance originally executed on September 29, 2008, and subsequently modified on October 3, October 8 and October 13, 2008.
The acquired shares of the convertible preferred stock are convertible to 310,464,033 shares of common stock (at a conversion price of $25.25 per share). One half of the convertible preferred stock will be converted to common stock one year after our investment if the price of Morgan Stanley’s common stock exceeds $37.875 for 20 or more days out of 30 consecutive trading days. The remainder of the convertible preferred stock will be converted to common stock two years after our investment if the same conditions are satisfied. The non-convertible preferred stock is redeemable at Morgan Stanley’s option on or after three years of our investment for an aggregate redemption price of approximately $1,276.9 million. The shares of the convertible and non-convertible preferred stock have a fixed non-cumulative annual dividend of 10%. The convertible shares provided us with an aggregate of approximately 21% of the voting rights of Morgan Stanley on a fully diluted basis at the time of our acquisition. The conversion terms contained in the convertible preferred stock were approved by Morgan Stanley’s shareholders on February 9, 2009.
We have the right to maintain 20% of the voting rights in Morgan Stanley on a fully diluted basis and the right to appoint one director and one observer to its board as long as we hold a voting right ratio of 10% or more in Morgan Stanley on a fully diluted basis. Beginning one year after our investment, we also have the right to demand that Morgan Stanley register, under the US Securities Act of 1933, the shares of common stock issued or issuable by Morgan Stanley that we request to be so registered on up to five occasions, subject to certain conditions. Effective March 10, 2009, Mr. Nobuyuki Hirano, a director of MUFG, was appointed as a member of the board of directors of Morgan Stanley.
In a separate transaction, on October 28, 2008, the US Department of the Treasury purchased for an aggregate purchase price of $10,000,000,000, (1) 10,000,000 shares of fixed rate cumulative perpetual preferred stock, and (2) a warrant to purchase up to 65,245,759 shares of common stock, of Morgan Stanley. The purchase was transacted pursuant to the “Capital Purchase Program,” announced on October 14, 2008, through which the US Department of the Treasury invests in various US financial institutions. As a result of this purchase, our voting right ratio in Morgan Stanley decreased to approximately 20% on a fully diluted basis.
Since this initial investment, we have acquired 29,375,000 additional shares of Morgan Stanley common stock for a total of $705 million and sold back to Morgan Stanley $705 million of the perpetual non-cumulative non-convertible preferred stock on May 22, 2009, and we have also acquired 17,178,055 additional shares of Morgan Stanley common stock for a total of approximately $471 million on June 11, 2009, in each case at the time of public offerings of common stock by Morgan Stanley. We beneficially own approximately 20% of the common stock of Morgan Stanley (assuming full conversion of the convertible preferred stock of Morgan Stanley we currently own).
Through our capital alliance with Morgan Stanley, we plan to pursue a global strategic alliance in corporate and investment banking, retail, investment management and other businesses. On March 26, 2009, we signed a memorandum of understanding with Morgan Stanley to form a securities joint venture combining MUS and Morgan Stanley Japan Securities Co., Ltd. by March 2010. The proposed joint venture is expected to become a new industry leader in Japan offering a large domestic retail brokerage network, a full range of institutional businesses and significant global reach. MUFG will own a 60% interest of the joint venture while Morgan Stanley will own a 40% interest. On June 30, 2009, the scope of the strategic alliance was expanded into new geographies and businesses. These include:
| • | A global alliance in corporate and investment banking consisting of the creation of Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC., a loan marketing joint venture that will be focused on generating attractive |
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| credit opportunities for both companies and provide clients in the United States, Canada and Latin America (subject to clearance of any regulatory requirement in each jurisdiction) with access to expanded, world-class lending and capital markets services from both companies; |
| • | Business referral arrangements in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, which are intended to cover a number of products and services, including capital markets, loans, fixed income sales and other ancillary businesses; |
| • | A commodities-specific initiative, in the form of a referral agreement for commodities transactions executed outside of Japan, which will enable BTMU to refer its clients to the Morgan Stanley Capital Group for commodity transactions and receive referral fees upon completion of any deals; and |
| • | Secondment of personnel to share best practices and expertise, through which the secondees will be able to share knowledge and help maximize the benefits of the strategic alliance across a variety of business areas. |
Completion of Tender Offer and Merger to Acquire All the Outstanding Shares of UNBC
In September 2008, we and BTMU completed a cash tender offer for approximately $3.5 billion to purchase all of the outstanding shares of UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, that we and our affiliates did not already own. As of the close of the offer, shares representing approximately 33% of the outstanding shares of UNBC had been validly tendered or guaranteed to be delivered. When added to our and our affiliates’ 64% stake at the time, the amount represented approximately 97% of UNBC’s total outstanding shares. All shareholders who tendered shares were paid $73.50 per share in cash. In November 2008, BTMU and UNBC completed a second-step merger as a result of which UNBC became a wholly owned subsidiary of BTMU.
Completion of Tender Offer to Acquire Additional Shares of ACOM
In October 2008, we completed a tender offer and acquired, for ¥4,000 per share in cash, 38,140,009 shares of common stock of ACOM CO., LTD., an equity method investee engaged in the consumer loan business in which we owned approximately 15% of the voting rights. As a result, we increased our voting rights to approximately 40%. Although ACOM remains an equity method investee under US GAAP, our increased ownership in ACOM complements our related efforts to increase the competitiveness of our consumer finance operations, which include a business and capital alliance among JACCS Co., Ltd., another equity method investee, BTMU and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS centering on credit card related operations, installment credit sales, settlement operations and housing loan related operations, as described below.
Strategic Business and Capital Alliance between MUTB and Aberdeen
In October 2008, MUTB and Aberdeen Asset Management PLC, or Aberdeen, entered into a strategic business and capital alliance. Aberdeen is an asset management company based in Scotland and manages a wide range of investment products, including emerging market equities, global equities, and global fixed income. Under the business alliance, MUTB has an exclusive right to access Aberdeen’s services on behalf of domestic institutional investors, such as pension funds, in Japan. We believe the alliance will enable MUTB to meet its clients’ demands for global investment products.
As part of the capital alliance, MUTB initially acquired 9.9% of Aberdeen’s issued share capital for approximately ¥20 billion in October 2008. As of December 8, 2008, MUTB owned 11.0% of Aberdeen’s issued share capital. Subject to receiving the required regulatory approvals, MUTB intends to increase its holdings but not to a level that exceeds 19.9%. MUTB may appoint a representative as a nonexecutive director to the board of Aberdeen if MUTB’s holding reaches 15% or more of Aberdeen’s issued share capital. MUTB has agreed that, until April 2, 2010, it will not raise its holding in Aberdeen’s shares beyond 19.9%, subject to some exceptions.
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MUTB and Aberdeen plan to continue to work towards further strengthening their strategic alliance by collaborating in marketing and product development.
Agreement on Integration between Bank of Ikeda and Senshu Bank
In May 2008, BTMU signed a basic agreement with The Senshu Bank, Ltd., or Senshu Bank, a regional bank subsidiary of BTMU headquartered in Osaka, and The Bank of Ikeda Ltd., or Bank of Ikeda, another regional bank headquartered in Osaka, concerning the planned business integration between the two regional banks.
On May 25, 2009, Bank of Ikeda and Senshu Bank entered into an agreement concerning their business integration (the “Business Integration”), with BTMU, which had agreed to the planned Business Integration. The new integrated company, to be incorporated on October 1, 2009, is expected to be an equity method affiliate of BTMU. As a leading independent financial group in the Osaka region, the new integrated company will not only contribute to the development of the regional society and economy, but will also aim for the improvement of its enterprise value. In order to respect the business independence of the new financial group consisting of Bank of Ikeda, Senshu Bank and the new integrated company, BTMU plans to divest a part of its common stock in the new integrated company and intends to exclude the new integrated company from an equity method affiliate of MUFG by September 30, 2014 at the latest. However, BTMU also intends to continuously and appropriately support the formation and development of the new financial group and Nobuo Kuroyanagi, the Chairman of BTMU as well as the President and CEO of MUFG, will be seconded as an outside director to the new integrated company upon its incorporation. As of March 31, 2009, BTMU owned 3.45% of the outstanding common stock and ¥30.0 billion of non-convertible preferred stock of Bank of Ikeda. BTMU’s voting right ratio in Bank of Ikeda increased to approximately 22% on June 26, 2009 following the terms and conditions of the non-convertible preferred stock of Bank of Ikeda.
MUTB’s Agreement to Acquire NikkoCiti Trust and Banking and Subsequent Rescission of the Agreement
In December 2008, MUTB entered into an agreement with Nikko Citi Holdings Inc. and Citigroup International LLC under which MUTB will purchase all of the issued shares of NikkoCiti Trust and Banking Corporation for ¥25 billion in cash, subject to certain purchase price adjustments as well as pending regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. However, on May 14, 2009, MUTB agreed with Nikko Citi Holdings Inc. to terminate the transaction due to the changes in its business environment and strategy.
Effects of Challenging Business Environment in Recent Periods
The global financial market crisis and recession initially triggered by disruptions in the US residential mortgage market and negative trends in the global economy has continued in recent months. Japan is also experiencing a difficult business environment with the Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and which was ¥8,109.53 as of March 31, 2009 declined from ¥12,525.54 as of March 31, 2008. The Nikkei Stock Average was ¥10,284.96 as of August 18, 2009.
The difficult business environment in Japan and globally has adversely affected our business and financial results in recent periods, and we expect the severe business conditions, resulting from the global financial market crisis and the recession in Japan and globally, to continue in the near term. As a result, we expect, among other things, increased credit costs resulting mainly from deteriorating business conditions for our borrowers, lower fees from investment products in retail business and derivative transactions in our corporate banking business, lower trading income, and increased impairment losses on equity securities resulting from the continuing decline in equity security prices in Japan generally.
The financial markets and overall economy, both in Japan and globally, may not improve in the near term. In fact, business conditions in Japan and globally could become even more challenging than we currently anticipate.
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Permission to Operate as Financial Holding Companies in the United States
We, BTMU, MUTB and UNBC have received notification from the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System that our elections to become financial holding companies under the US Bank Holding Company Act became effective as of October 6, 2008. This change in status means that we are able to engage in a broader range of financial activities in the United States without prior regulatory approval. More specifically, we will be able to engage in financial activities including a full range of securities and insurance businesses, as well as merchant banking activities.
Under our financial holding company status, we are also subject to additional regulatory requirements. For example, each of our banking subsidiaries with operations in the United States must be “well capitalized,” meaning a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6% and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%. Our US banking operations must also be “well managed,” including that they maintain examination ratings that are at least satisfactory. Failure to comply with such requirements would require us to prepare a remediation plan and we would not be able to undertake new business activities or acquisitions based on our status as a financial holding company during any period of noncompliance.
Completion of Global Offering of Common Stock
In December 2008, we completed the sale of 934,800,000 shares of common stock in public offerings in the United States and Japan as well as private placements in other countries. On January 14, 2009, we completed the sale of additional 65,200,000 shares of common stock through a third-party allotment pursuant to the over-allotment option granted in connection with the Japanese offering. We sold 700 million newly issued shares of common stock and 300 million shares of treasury stock in the global offering. The proceeds from the global offering after underwriting discounts and commissions were ¥399.8 per share. The total net proceeds from the global offering after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses were approximately ¥398.7 billion.
The total net proceeds from the global offering after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses were used to make an equity investment in BTMU to strengthen our overall group capital base.
Issuance of Preferred Stock in Japan
In November 2008, we issued and sold 156,000,000 shares of non-convertible preferred stock, First Series Class 5 Preferred Stock, through a third-party allotment to Japanese institutional investors in order to further strengthen our financial base for our group’s future growth. A dividend of ¥43 per share of preferred stock was paid for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 and a dividend of ¥115 per share of preferred stock will be paid annually, subject to certain conditions, in priority to the common stock. We received approximately ¥388.6 billion in net cash proceeds from the third-party allotment. We used the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the preferred stock to invest in our consolidated subsidiaries.
Issuance of Preferred Securities by Special Purpose Companies
In September 2008, MUFG Capital Finance 7 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, issued ¥222 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities in order to enhance the flexibility of our capital management. The securities have a fixed dividend rate of 3.60% per annum until January 2019 and a floating dividend rate after January 2019, and were sold primarily to Japanese institutional investors.
In March 2009, MUFG Capital Finance 8 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, issued ¥90 billion in series A non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities to enhance the flexibility of our capital management. The securities have a fixed dividend rate of 4.88% per annum until July 2019 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after July 2019. MUFG Capital Finance 8 Limited also issued ¥7.4 billion in series B non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.55% per annum until July 2014 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after July 2014. These offerings were targeted towards Japanese institutional investors.
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The proceeds from the sale of these preferred securities were reflected in our Tier I capital as of March 31, 2009 under the BIS capital adequacy requirements, which is calculated primarily from our Japanese GAAP financial information pursuant to the regulations promulgated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan, or the FSA. However, for accounting purposes under US GAAP, because those special purpose companies are not consolidated entities, the loans, which are made to us from the proceeds from the sale of these preferred securities issued by the special purpose companies, are presented as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2009.
In July 2009, MUFG Capital Finance 9 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, issued ¥130 billion in series A non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.52% per annum until January 2020 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after January 2020, ¥110 billion in series B non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.02% per annum until January 2020 and a step up floating dividend rate after January 2020, and ¥130 billion in series C non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.02% per annum until January 2015 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after January 2015. These offerings were targeted towards Japanese institutional investors. The preferred securities will also be reflected in our Tier I capital.
Redemption of Preferred Securities issued by a Special Purpose Company
In July 2009, Sanwa Capital Finance 2 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, redeemed a total of ¥130 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities. These preferred securities were previously reflected as part of our Tier I capital.
Allotment of Stock Compensation Type Stock Options (Stock Acquisition Rights)
In July 2009, we allotted stock compensation type stock options, or stock acquisition rights, to the directors, corporate auditors and executive officers of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS to acquire an aggregate amount of 5,655,800 shares of MUFG’s common stock. The stock acquisition rights have an exercise price of ¥1 per share of common stock and are exercisable until July 13, 2039. The purpose of issuing the stock acquisition rights is to further motivate the directors and executive officers to contribute to the improvement of stock prices and profits of MUFG and, with respect to the corporate auditors, to improve their audits and investigations aiming to increase the corporate value of MUFG. For more information on the stock acquisition rights, see “Item 6.B. Compensation” and Note 31 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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We engage, through our subsidiaries and affiliated companies, in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and asset management services, securities businesses and credit card businesses, and provide related services to individuals primarily in Japan and the United States and to corporate customers around the world. Our results of operations and financial condition are exposed to changes in various external economic factors, including:
| • | general economic conditions; |
| • | interest rates; |
| • | currency exchange rates; and |
| • | stock and real estate prices. |
Economic Environment in Japan
The environment surrounding the Japanese economy has continued to be severe, but signs of recovery have been increasing. Exports, which had continued to decline significantly since last fall, increased in March and April 2009, exceeding the previous month’s level, led by exports to Asia, especially to China. Production activity has begun to recover in response to the recovery of exports and expectations that the peak levels of inventory adjustments may have subsided. However, economic activity has significantly weakened relative to the past several years and remains severely low, although its rapid decline has slowed. It may take considerable time until economic activity recovers to the average level of the past few years and confidence of an economic recovery returns generally. Under these circumstances, profitability of Japanese corporations has substantially worsened. Net profits of corporations for the January-March 2009 period decreased by 69% compared to the same quarter of the last year, which was the largest decrease in Japan’s history, due to falling sales reflecting the plunge in exports since last fall and sluggish demand. Although the employment and income situation remain severe, there are signs of a recovery in private consumption as a result of improvement in Japanese stock prices since March 2009 and the effects of economic stimulus measures implemented by the Japanese government. However, private consumption may also lose momentum due to the continuing deterioration in employment and personal income.
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The Bank of Japan lowered its uncollateralized overnight call rate target to 0.1% from 0.5% during the period between October 2008 and December 2008 as the economy further decelerated and the environment for corporate finance deteriorated. Long-term interest rates have also been on a downward trend with some fluctuations under the circumstances described above. As of early August 2009, the uncollateralized overnight call rate target was around 0.1%, and the yield on ten-year Japanese government bonds was around 1.4%. The following chart shows the interest rate trends in Japan since April 2007:
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Regarding the Japanese stock market, the closing price of the Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, declined from ¥12,525.54 at March 31, 2008 to ¥8,109.53 at March 31, 2009, and the closing price of the Tokyo Stock Price Index, or TOPIX, a composite index of all stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, declined from 1,212.96 at March 31, 2008 to 773.66 at March 31, 2009, mainly due to the global financial market crisis and recession of both Japanese and overseas economies. On October 27, 2008, the closing price of the Nikkei Stock Average reached a 26-year low of ¥7,162.90 due to the market turmoil triggered by the financial crisis in the United States including the filing of a bankruptcy petition by Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. As of August 18, 2009, the closing price of the Nikkei Stock Average was ¥10,284.96 and that of TOPIX was 949.66. The following chart shows the daily closing price of the Nikkei Stock Average since April 2007.
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In the foreign exchange markets, the Japanese yen/US dollar foreign exchange rate was approximately ¥100 to US$1 at the beginning of April 2008, depreciating to approximately ¥110 to US$1 as of mid-August 2008. By January 2009, the Japanese yen had appreciated to approximately ¥88 to US$1. As of March 31, 2009, the Japanese yen/US dollar foreign exchange rate was ¥98.31 to US$1. Thereafter, the Japanese yen continued to be volatile, fluctuating between ¥92 to ¥101 to US$1. As of August 18, 2009, the Japanese yen/US dollar foreign exchange rate was ¥95.10 to US$1. Against the euro, the Japanese yen traded in a range of approximately ¥115 and ¥169 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. As of August 18, 2009, the Japanese yen/euro foreign exchange rate was ¥134.35 to the euro. The following chart shows the foreign exchange rates expressed in Japanese yen per US dollar since April 2007:
For the first time in the past three years, the average price for both residential and commercial real estate experienced significant declines. Based on a survey by the Japanese government, the average residential land price in Japan declined by 3.2% between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009. The average commercial land price in Japan also declined by 4.7% during the same period. In the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, the average residential land price declined by 3.5% between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009, while the average commercial land price declined by 5.4% during the same period. Between January 1, 2007 and January 1, 2008, the average residential land price rose by 4.3%, and the average commercial land price rose by 10.4%, in the same metropolitan areas. Looking into the local regions of Japan, which consist of regions other than the major metropolitan areas, the average residential and commercial land prices continued to decline for the fifth consecutive year with the rates of decline between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2009, being 2.8% and 4.2%, respectively.
According to Teikoku Databank, a Japanese research institution, the number of companies who filed for legal bankruptcy in Japan from April 2008 to March 2009 was approximately 13,200, an increase of approximately 17% from the previous year, mainly due to an increase in bankruptcies of small sized companies, especially in the transportation and communications, real estate, and wholesale industries. Similarly, the aggregate amount of liabilities subject to bankruptcy filings for the same period was approximately ¥13.7 trillion, an increase of approximately 147% from the previous fiscal year, caused by an increase in the number of bankruptcy filings and large-scale bankruptcies in financial and real estate industries.
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International Financial Markets
With respect to the international financial and economic environment, the US economy rapidly worsened due to the intensified financial crisis during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Private consumption in the United States rapidly stalled in reaction to the significant deterioration of employment. The financial crisis also impacted Western Europe and parts of emerging Europe, triggered by the collapse of US investment banks in mid-September 2008.
Signs of recovery in the US economy have been increasing in recent months, but it may take considerable time until economic activities recover to the level of past years. In the corporate sector, production continues its downward trend due to higher inventory levels. Although disposable income of the household sector has been increasing due to the effects of economic stimulus measures and tax cuts by the US government, consumer sentiment is still weak because of low stock prices and high employment rates. In the European Union, or EU, the economic situation has also improved in recent months. However, there is no strong sign of recovery due to the high employment rates and increasing loan defaults experienced in the financial sector.
In the United States, the target for the federal funds rate was lowered to the range of zero to 0.25% in response to the deteriorating market conditions. In the EU, the European Central Bank coordinated an emergency rate cut in October 2008, followed by another substantial rate cut in November 2008 and thereafter took further actions. Currently, the European Central Bank’s interest rate policy has been established at 1.0%, which is the lowest level in the EU’s history.
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Our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with US GAAP. Many of the accounting policies require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments regarding the valuation of assets and liabilities. The accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our operating and financial review and prospects. The notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report provide a summary of our significant accounting policies. The following is a summary of the critical accounting estimates:
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses in our loan portfolio. The evaluation process, including credit-ratings and self-assessments, involves a number of estimates and judgments. The allowance is based on two principles of accounting: (1) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and can be estimated; and (2) SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan” and SFAS No. 118, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan—Income Recognition and Disclosures,” which require that losses be accrued based on the difference between the loan balance, on the one hand, and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate and the fair value of collateral or the loan’s observable market value, on the other hand.
Our allowance for credit losses consists of an allocated allowance and an unallocated allowance. The allocated allowance comprises (a) the allowance for specifically identified problem loans, (b) the allowance for large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, (c) the allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk and (d) the formula allowance. Both the allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk and the formula allowance are provided for performing loans that are not subject to either the allowance for specifically identified problem loans or the allowance for large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans. The allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk covers transfer risk which is not specifically covered by other types of allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates that can and do change when actual events occur.
The allowance for specifically identified problem loans, which represent large-balance, non-homogeneous loans that have been individually determined to be impaired, is calculated by using various techniques to arrive at an estimate of loss. Historical loss information, discounted cash flows, fair value of collateral and secondary market information are all used to estimate those losses.
Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, and the allowance for such loans is established through a process that begins with estimates of probable losses inherent in the portfolio. These estimates are based upon various analyses, including historical delinquency and credit loss experience.
The allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk is based on an estimate of probable losses relating to our exposure to countries that we identify as having a high degree of transfer risk. We use a country risk grading system that assigns risk ratings to individual countries. To determine the risk rating, we consider the instability of foreign currency and difficulties regarding our borrowers’ ability to service their debt.
The formula allowance uses a model based on historical losses as an indicator of future probable losses. However, the use of historical losses is inherently uncertain and as a result could differ from losses incurred in the future. However, since this history is updated with the most recent loss information, the differences that might otherwise occur are mitigated.
Our actual losses could be more or less than the estimates. The unallocated allowance captures losses that are attributable to various economic events, industry or geographic sectors whose impact on the portfolio have
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occurred but have yet to be recognized in the allocated allowance. For further information regarding our allowance for credit losses, see “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans.”
In addition to the allowance for credit losses on our loan portfolio, we maintain an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments to extend credit, a variety of guarantees and standby letters of credit and other financial instruments. Such allowance is included in other liabilities. With regard to the allocated allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance, we apply the same methodology that we use in determining the allowance for loan credit losses.
Determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment and the use of estimates, such as those discussed above. To the extent that actual losses differ from management’s estimates, additional provisions for credit losses may be required that would adversely impact our operating results and financial condition in future periods.
Impairment of Investment Securities
US GAAP requires the recognition in earnings of an impairment loss on investment securities for a decline in fair value that is other than temporary. Determination of whether a decline is other than temporary often involves estimating the outcome of future events. Management judgment is required in determining whether factors exist that indicate that an impairment loss has been incurred at the balance sheet date. These judgments are based on subjective as well as objective factors. We conduct a review semi-annually to identify and evaluate investment securities that have indications of possible impairment. The assessment of other than temporary impairment requires judgment and therefore can have an impact on the results of operations. Impairment is evaluated considering various factors, and their significance varies from case to case.
Debt and marketable equity securities. In determining whether a decline in fair value below cost is other than temporary for a particular security, we generally consider factors such as the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In addition, indicators of an other than temporary decline for both debt and marketable equity securities include, but are not limited to, the extent of decline in fair value below cost and the length of time that the decline in fair value below cost has continued. If a decline in fair value below cost is 20% or more or has continued for six months or more, we generally deem such decline as an indicator of an other than temporary decline. We also consider the current financial condition and near-term prospects of issuers primarily based on the credit standing of the issuers as determined by our credit rating system.
Certain securities held by BTMU, MUTB and certain other subsidiaries, which primarily consist of debt securities issued by the Japanese national government and generally considered to be of minimal credit risk, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of the respective subsidiary’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity.
The determination of other than temporary impairment for certain securities held by UNBC, our US subsidiary, which primarily consist of securities backed by the full faith and credit of the US government and corporate asset-backed and debt securities, are made on the basis of a cash flow analysis of securities and/or the ability of UNBC to hold such securities to maturity.
Nonmarketable equity securities. Nonmarketable equity securities are equity securities of companies that are not publicly traded or are thinly traded. Such securities are primarily held at cost less other than temporary impairment if applicable. For the securities carried at cost, we consider factors such as the credit standing of issuers and the extent of decline in net assets of issuers to determine whether the decline is other than temporary. When we determine that the decline is other than temporary, nonmarketable equity securities are written down to the estimated fair value, determined based on such factors as the ratio of our investment in the issuer to the
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issuer’s net assets and the latest transaction price if applicable. When the decline is other than temporary, certain nonmarketable equity securities issued by public companies, such as preferred stock convertible to marketable common stock in the future, are written down to fair value estimated by commonly accepted valuation models, such as option pricing models based on a number of factors, including the quoted market price of the underlying marketable common stock, volatility and dividend payments as appropriate.
The markets for equity securities and debt securities are inherently volatile, and the values of both types of securities have fluctuated significantly in recent years. Accordingly, our assessment of potential impairment involves risks and uncertainties depending on market conditions that are global or regional in nature and the condition of specific issuers or industries, as well as management’s subjective assessment of the estimated future performance of investments. If we later conclude that a decline is other than temporary, the impairment loss may significantly affect our operating results and financial condition in future periods.
For further information on the amount of the impairment losses and the aggregate amount of unrealized gross losses on investment securities, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Income Taxes
Valuation of deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Future realization of the tax benefit of existing deductible temporary differences or carryforwards ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods.
In determining a valuation allowance, we perform a review of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards) and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Future taxable income is developed from forecasted operating results, based on recent historical trends and approved business plans, the eligible carryforward periods and other relevant factors. For certain subsidiaries where strong negative evidence exists, such as the existence of significant amounts of operating loss carryforwards, cumulative losses and the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards in recent years, a valuation allowance is recognized against the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized.
Among other factors, forecasted operating results, which serve as the basis of our estimation of future taxable income, have a significant effect on the amount of the valuation allowance. In developing forecasted operating results, we assume that our operating performance is stable for certain entities where strong positive evidence exists, including core earnings based on past performance over a certain period of time. The actual results may be adversely affected by unexpected or sudden changes in interest rates as well as an increase in credit-related expenses due to the deterioration of economic conditions in Japan and material declines in the Japanese stock market to the extent that such impacts exceed our original forecast. In addition, near-term taxable income is also influential on the amount of the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards since the Japanese corporate tax law permits operating losses to be deducted for a predetermined period generally no longer than seven years. For further information on the amount of operating loss carryforwards and the expiration dates, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Because the establishment of the valuation allowance is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates as discussed above, the currently established allowance may not be sufficient. If the estimated allowance is not sufficient, we will incur additional deferred tax expenses, which could materially affect our operating results and financial condition in future periods.
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Tax reserves. We provide reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as required under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation, or FIN, No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” In applying the standards of the Interpretation, we consider the relative risks and merits of positions taken in tax returns filed and to be filed, considering statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance applicable to those positions. The Interpretation requires us to make assumptions and judgments about potential outcomes that lie outside management’s control. To the extent the tax authorities disagree with our conclusions, and depending on the final resolution of those disagreements, our effective tax rate may be materially affected in the period of final settlement with tax authorities.
Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets
US GAAP requires us to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired, using a two-step process that begins with an estimation of the fair value of a reporting unit of our business, which is to be compared with the carrying amount of the unit, to identify potential impairment of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or component of an operating segment that constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by management. The fair value of a reporting unit is defined as the amount at which the unit as a whole could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. For a reporting unit for which an observable quoted market price is available, the price is used for the fair value and control premium is also considered. For a reporting unit for which an observable quoted market price is not available, the fair value is determined using an income approach. In the income approach, discounted cash flows are calculated by taking the net present value based on each reporting unit’s internal forecasts. Cash flows are discounted using a discount rate approximating the weighted average cost of capital, and the discount rate reflects current market capitalization. A control premium factor is also considered in relation to market capitalization.
If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss recorded in income. This test requires comparison of the implied fair value of the unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The estimate of the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill requires us to allocate the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, including unrecognized intangible assets, if any, since the implied fair value is determined as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the net amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities in the allocation. Accordingly, the second step of the impairment test also requires an estimate of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets that belong to that unit. A change in the estimation could have an impact on impairment recognition since it is driven by hypothetical assumptions, such as customer behavior and interest rate forecasts. The estimation is based on information available to management at the time the estimation is made.
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless they have indefinite useful lives. Amortization for intangible assets is computed in a manner that best reflects the economic benefits of the intangible assets. Intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are subject to annual impairment tests. An impairment exists if the carrying value of an indefinite-lived asset exceeds its fair value. For other intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset.
Accrued Severance Indemnities and Pension Liabilities
We have defined retirement benefit plans, including lump-sum severance indemnities and pension plans, which cover substantially all of our employees. Severance indemnities and pension costs are calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on our plan assets and rates of increase in future compensation levels. In accordance with US GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods, and affect our recognized net periodic pension costs and accrued severance indemnities and pension obligations in future periods. Differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect our financial condition and operating results in future periods.
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The discount rates for the domestic plans are set to reflect the interest rates of high-quality fixed-rate instruments with maturities that correspond to the timing of future benefit payments.
In developing our assumptions for expected long-term rates of return, we refer to the historical average returns earned by the plan assets and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment of existing plan assets, which reflect recent changes in trends and economic conditions, including market price. We also evaluate input from our actuaries, as well as their reviews of asset class return expectations.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
In accordance with SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurement”, we measure the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, including trading securities, trading derivatives and investment securities. In addition, certain other financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, including held for sale loans which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, collateral dependent loans under SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of Loans”, and nonmarketable equity securities subject to impairment. In accordance with FSP SFAS No. 157-2, we did not apply the provision of SFAS No.157 to the nonrecurring nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities which included premises and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill measured at fair value for impairment. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
In accordance with SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities— Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”, we have elected the fair value option for certain foreign securities classified as available for sale, whose unrealized gains and losses are reported in income.
We have an established and documented process for determining fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157. To determine fair value, we use quoted market prices which include those provided from pricing vendors, where available. We generally obtain one price or quote per instrument and do not adjust it to determine fair value of the instrument. Certain asset-backed securities are valued based on non-binding quotes provided by independent broker-dealers where no or few observable inputs are available to measure fair value. We do not adjust such broker-dealer quotes to the extent that there is no evidence that would indicate that the quotes are not indicative of the fair values of the securities. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the quotes provided from the independent broker-dealers are reasonable. Such verification procedures include analytical review of periodic price changes, comparison analysis between periodic price changes and changes of indices such as a credit default swap index, or inquiries of underlying inputs and assumptions used by the broker-dealers such as probability of default, prepayment rate and discount margin. These verification procedures are periodically performed by independent risk management departments. For collateralized loan obligations, or CLOs, backed by general corporate loans, the fair value is determined by weighting the internal model valuation and the non-binding broker-dealer quotes. If quoted market prices are not available to determine fair value of derivatives, the fair value is based upon valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced parameters, such as interest rates, yield curves, foreign exchange rates, volatilities and credit curves. The fair values of trading liabilities are determined by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates our own creditworthiness. In addition, valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that the financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments include, but are not limited to, amounts that reflect counterparty credit quality, liquidity risk, and model risk. Our financial models are validated and periodically reviewed by risk management departments independent of divisions that created the models.
For a further discussion of the valuation techniques or models applied to the material assets or liabilities, see “Fair Value” in Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Change in Valuation Method
We observed that the market for CLOs backed by general corporate loans became significantly inactive compared with normal market activity due to the reduction in liquidity of certain debt securities resulting from
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the global financial market instability in the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Under such circumstances, we concluded that the unadjusted non-binding quotes from broker-dealers became less reflective of the fair value as defined by SFAS No. 157 with respect to CLOs backed by general corporate loans. Consequently, we changed the valuation method for estimating the fair value of such CLOs from the method adopting unadjusted quotes from independent broker-dealers to an estimation method by weighting the internal model prices and the non-binding broker-dealer quotes during the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
This change in valuation method was treated as a change in accounting estimate and has been accounted for prospectively. This change in valuation method had a positive impact on losses from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥251 billion and ¥149 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥13.77 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This change also had a positive impact on the accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes, of ¥38 billion at March 31, 2009.
Fair Value Hierarchy
SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, for example, the reporting entity’s own data. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the following three-level hierarchy is established by SFAS No. 157:
| • | Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. |
| • | Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments. |
| • | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instruments. |
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial instrument. For the categorization within the valuation hierarchy by the financial instruments, see “Fair Value” in Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis by level under the SFAS No. 157 fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2009:
| March 31, 2009 | |||||||
| Fair Value | Percentage of Total | ||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||
| Assets: |
|||||||
| Level 1 |
¥ | 40,664 | 63.0 | % | |||
| Level 2 |
18,239 | 28.2 | |||||
| Level 3 |
5,667 | 8.8 | |||||
| Total |
¥ | 64,570 | 100.0 | % | |||
| As a percentage of total assets |
33.4 | % | |||||
| Liabilities: |
|||||||
| Level 1 |
¥ | 2,742 | 21.8 | % | |||
| Level 2 |
9,632 | 76.4 | |||||
| Level 3 |
227 | 1.8 | |||||
| Total |
¥ | 12,601 | 100.0 | % | |||
| As a percentage of total liabilities |
6.7 | % | |||||
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Level 3 assets decreased ¥2,338 billion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 mainly because level 3 trading securities decreased ¥1,978 billion and level 3 securities available for sale decreased ¥206 billion. The level 3 trading securities were principally comprised of foreign asset-backed securities such as CLOs backed by general corporate loans, residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, and other securitized products. For the level 3 trading securities, losses of ¥719 billion were recognized for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The losses were largely attributable to unrealized losses incurred by declines in fair value of the foreign asset-backed securities and their foreign exchange losses caused by the global financial market instability. The level 3 trading securities of ¥216 billion decreased because the amounts of sales and redemptions were greater than the purchase amounts for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Furthermore, trading securities of ¥1,055 billion were transferred out of the level 3 recurring measurements during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, because BTMU reclassified certain trading securities to securities being held to maturity which are not measured at fair value and therefore are not subject to the SFAS No. 157 disclosure requirements. For further information on the reclassification, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The decrease in the level 3 securities available for sale is mainly attributable to redemption of private placement bonds issued by Japanese non-public companies and unrealized losses incurred by declines in fair value of certain securities subject to deteriorated credit worthiness during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The decrease in the level 3 securities available for sale was partially mitigated by an increase in the level 3 securities available for sale due to the transfers into level 3 on the private placement bonds issued by Japanese non-public companies subject to deteriorated credit worthiness.
In measuring fair value of these foreign asset-backed securities and private placement bonds issued by Japanese non-public companies, significant unobservable inputs are used because there is limited observable pricing information and market illiquidity. For further information of fair value measurements, see “Fair Value” in Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See “Accounting Changes” and “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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The following table sets forth a summary of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Interest income |
¥ | 3,915.7 | ¥ | 4,366.8 | ¥ | 3,895.8 | ||||||
| Interest expense |
1,585.9 | 2,087.1 | 1,599.4 | |||||||||
| Net interest income |
2,329.8 | 2,279.7 | 2,296.4 | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
358.6 | 385.7 | 626.9 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income |
1,947.9 | 1,778.1 | 175.1 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expense |
2,784.2 | 3,659.7 | 3,572.5 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
1,134.9 | 12.4 | (1,727.9 | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) |
552.8 | 553.1 | (259.9 | ) | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations |
582.1 | (540.7 | ) | (1,468.0 | ) | |||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations—net |
(0.8 | ) | (1.7 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 581.3 | ¥ | (542.4 | ) | ¥ | (1,468.0 | ) | ||||
We reported a net loss of ¥1,468.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, an increase of ¥925.6 billion from ¥542.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Our basic loss per share of common stock (net loss available to common shareholders) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥137.84, an increase of ¥83.79 from ¥54.05 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Loss from continuing operations before income tax expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥1,727.9 billion, compared with income of ¥12.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
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Net Interest Income
The following is a summary of the interest rate spread for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| Average balance |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Average rate |
|||||||||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 130,196.1 | 1.63 | % | ¥ | 123,196.2 | 1.78 | % | ¥ | 121,686.4 | 1.70 | % | ||||||
| Foreign |
38,571.2 | 4.65 | 49,271.1 | 4.41 | 51,556.3 | 3.53 | ||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 168,767.3 | 2.32 | % | ¥ | 172,467.3 | 2.53 | % | ¥ | 173,242.7 | 2.25 | % | ||||||
| Financed by: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing funds: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 122,332.7 | 0.54 | % | ¥ | 123,231.9 | 0.69 | % | ¥ | 124,716.0 | 0.58 | % | ||||||
| Foreign |
24,463.3 | 3.78 | 32,920.1 | 3.74 | 31,368.9 | 2.80 | ||||||||||||
| Total |
146,796.0 | 1.08 | 156,152.0 | 1.34 | 156,084.9 | 1.02 | ||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing funds |
21,971.3 | — | 16,315.3 | — | 17,157.8 | — | ||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 168,767.3 | 0.94 | % | ¥ | 172,467.3 | 1.21 | % | ¥ | 173,242.7 | 0.92 | % | ||||||
| Spread on: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing funds |
1.24 | % | 1.19 | % | 1.23 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total funds |
1.38 | % | 1.32 | % | 1.33 | % | ||||||||||||
We use interest rate and other derivative contracts for hedging the risks affecting the values of our financial assets and liabilities. Although these contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, a majority of them do not meet the specific conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading assets or liabilities. Therefore, our net interest income for each of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was not materially affected by gains or losses resulting from such derivative instruments.
For a detailed discussion of our risk management systems, refer to “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥2,296.4 billion, an increase of ¥16.7 billion, from ¥2,279.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase was mainly due to decreases in the average interest rates on both domestic and foreign interest-bearing funds. The effect of these decreases exceeded that of the decreases in the average interest rates on both domestic and foreign interest-earning assets.
The average interest rate spread on interest-bearing funds increased four basis points from 1.19% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to 1.23% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the average rate on interest-earning assets decreased mainly due to lower foreign interest rates. However, the average rate on interest-bearing funds further decreased, which resulted in an increase of the average interest rate spread on interest-bearing funds, mainly due to the lower foreign interest rates. The average interest rate spread on total funds increased, showing an increase of one basis point from 1.32% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to 1.33% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Average interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥173,242.7 billion, an increase of ¥775.4 billion, from ¥172,467.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥13,884.9 billion in trading account assets and an increase of ¥3,529.3 billion in foreign loans. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of ¥9,601.7 billion in foreign investment
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securities, a decrease of ¥2,058.4 billion in foreign interest-earning deposits in other banks and a decrease of ¥2,001.2 billion in call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions. The increase in trading account assets was mainly due to the application of the fair value options, which resulted in the reclassification of some of our securities available for sale to trading account assets. For further information, see Note 30 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Average interest-bearing funds for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥156,084.9 billion, a decrease of ¥67.1 billion, from ¥156,152.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of ¥1,830.1 billion in foreign interest-bearing deposits and a decrease of ¥802.6 billion in domestic long-term debt. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of ¥2,581.3 billion in domestic interest-bearing deposits. The decrease in foreign interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the fact that large deposits from foreign financial institutions decreased in response to the recent difficult market conditions in addition to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies. The increase in domestic interest-bearing deposits was partially attributable to the attractive interest rates of our time deposits.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥2,279.7 billion, a decrease of ¥50.1 billion, from ¥2,329.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was mainly due to an increase in the average interest rate on domestic interest-bearing funds and an increase in the average balance of foreign interest-bearing funds. These increases offset the effect of the increase in the average balance of foreign interest-earning assets.
The average interest rate spread on interest-bearing funds decreased five basis points from 1.24% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to 1.19% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, the average rate on interest-earning assets increased partly due to an increase in the expected cash flows from impaired loans acquired in the merger with UFJ Holdings, which cash flows are accounted for as adjustments to accretable yields under Statement of Position 03-3, “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer.” For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the increase in the expected cash flows from such impaired loans was smaller than that for the previous fiscal year. The average interest rate spread on total funds decreased, showing a decrease of six basis points from 1.38% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to 1.32% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
Average interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥172,467.3 billion, an increase of ¥3,700.0 billion, from ¥168,767.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥3,494.3 billion in foreign call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions, an increase of ¥3,493.3 billion in foreign loans, an increase of ¥1,600.7 billion in foreign interest-earning deposits in other banks and an increase of ¥1,538.8 billion in foreign investment securities. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of ¥4,718.6 billion in domestic investment securities and a decrease of ¥2,016.9 billion in domestic loans. The increase in foreign loans was mainly due to the growth of lending to Japanese and non-Japanese customers in Asia, the United States and Europe.
Average interest-bearing funds for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥156,152.0 billion, an increase of ¥9,356.0 billion, from ¥146,796.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥3,779.3 billion in foreign interest-bearing deposits, an increase of ¥3,494.3 billion in foreign call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions and an increase of ¥2,183.3 billion in domestic deposits. The increase in foreign interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the fact that large deposits from foreign central banks and government sponsored investment corporations increased in response to the recent difficult market conditions.
Provision for Credit Losses
Provision for credit losses is charged to operations to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the approach and methodology used to establish the
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allowance for credit losses, see “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans.”
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥626.9 billion, an increase of ¥241.2 billion from ¥385.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in provision for credit losses was mainly due to the general weakening of the financial condition of certain borrowers particularly overseas and small and medium sized borrowers.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥385.7 billion, an increase of ¥27.1 billion from ¥358.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase in provision for credit losses was mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain overseas borrowers.
Non-Interest Income
The following table is a summary of our non-interest income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions: |
||||||||||||
| Trust fees |
¥ | 146.0 | ¥ | 156.3 | ¥ | 125.4 | ||||||
| Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections |
151.3 | 152.9 | 147.7 | |||||||||
| Fees and commissions on international business |
70.2 | 69.7 | 64.1 | |||||||||
| Fees and commissions on credit card business |
164.2 | 138.0 | 141.4 | |||||||||
| Service charges on deposits |
37.5 | 36.1 | 31.6 | |||||||||
| Fees and commissions on securities business |
136.6 | 130.7 | 112.1 | |||||||||
| Fees on real estate business |
60.2 | 44.5 | 19.8 | |||||||||
| Insurance commissions |
52.2 | 43.0 | 28.1 | |||||||||
| Fees and commissions on stock transfer agency services |
73.7 | 72.3 | 62.9 | |||||||||
| Guarantee fees |
88.3 | 86.3 | 77.6 | |||||||||
| Fees on investment funds business |
152.8 | 161.5 | 130.6 | |||||||||
| Other fees and commissions |
274.2 | 225.8 | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Total |
1,407.2 | 1,317.1 | 1,188.5 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net |
(162.0 | ) | 1,295.9 | (206.2 | ) | |||||||
| Trading account profits (losses)—net: |
||||||||||||
| Net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts |
212.8 | 520.6 | 555.5 | |||||||||
| Net profits (losses) on trading account securities, excluding derivatives |
192.0 | (122.2 | ) | (813.3 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
404.8 | 398.4 | (257.8 | ) | ||||||||
| Investment securities gains (losses)—net: |
||||||||||||
| Net gains on sales of securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||
| Debt securities |
188.5 | 1.2 | 120.9 | |||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
105.7 | 83.8 | 28.4 | |||||||||
| Impairment losses on securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||
| Debt securities |
(38.1 | ) | (1,169.1 | ) | (155.5 | ) | ||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
(71.3 | ) | (331.3 | ) | (660.7 | ) | ||||||
| Other |
53.5 | 42.3 | 8.2 | |||||||||
| Total |
238.3 | (1,373.1 | ) | (658.7 | ) | |||||||
| Equity in losses of equity method investees |
(56.9 | ) | (34.5 | ) | (60.1 | ) | ||||||
| Gains on sales of loans |
23.1 | 11.8 | 6.4 | |||||||||
| Other non-interest income |
93.4 | 162.5 | 163.0 | |||||||||
| Total non-interest income |
¥ | 1,947.9 | ¥ | 1,778.1 | ¥ | 175.1 | ||||||
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Net foreign exchange gains (losses) primarily include transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and net gains (losses) on currency derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes. The transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen fluctuate from period to period depending upon the spot rates at the end of each fiscal year. In principle, all transaction gains (losses) on translation of monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. Transaction gains (losses) on translation into Japanese yen of securities available for sale, such as bonds denominated in foreign currencies, are not included in current earnings, but are reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources. However, if we recognize an impairment loss on foreign currency-denominated securities available for sale due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the relevant foreign currency, such impairment loss is included in current earnings as part of investment securities losses.
Net trading account profits (losses) primarily include net gains (losses) on trading account securities and interest rate and other derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes. Trading account assets or liabilities are carried at fair value and any changes in the value of trading account assets or liabilities, including interest rate derivatives, are recorded in net trading account profits (losses). Derivative instruments for trading purposes also include those used as hedges of net exposures rather than for specifically identified assets or liabilities, which do not meet the specific criteria for hedge accounting.
Net investment securities gains (losses) primarily include net gains (losses) on sales of marketable securities, particularly debt securities and marketable equity securities that are classified as securities available for sale. In addition, impairment losses are recognized as an offset of net investment securities gains (losses) when management concludes that declines in fair value of investment securities are other than temporary.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Non-interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥175.1 billion, a decrease of ¥1,603.0 billion, from ¥1,778.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of ¥1,502.1 billion in foreign exchange gains and a decrease of ¥656.2 billion in trading account profits. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease of ¥714.4 billion in investment securities losses.
Fees and commissions
Fees and commissions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥1,188.5 billion, a decrease of ¥128.6 billion, from ¥1,317.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of ¥30.9 billion in trust fees, a decrease of ¥30.9 billion in fees on investment funds business, and a decrease of ¥24.7 billion in fees on real estate business due to a decrease of business volume.
Net foreign exchange gains (losses)
Net foreign exchange losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥206.2 billion, compared to net foreign exchange gains of ¥1,295.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The losses in foreign exchange were mainly due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For reference, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 by BTMU was ¥118.05 at March 30, 2007, ¥100.19 at March 31, 2008 and ¥98.23 at March 31, 2009. As a result of adopting the fair value option under SFAS No.159, in principle, all transaction gains or losses on translation of eligible monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. We recorded losses on translation of securities available for sale denominated in foreign currencies as non-interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, which were recorded as other comprehensive income in prior fiscal years. As we maintain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies for our asset liability management, net foreign exchange gains or losses fluctuate with the appreciation or depreciation of the Japanese yen.
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Net trading account profits (losses)
Net trading account losses of ¥257.8 billion were recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, compared to net trading account profits of ¥398.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts were largely affected by the impact of the decrease in Japanese long-term interest rates on interest rate swaps principally held for risk management purposes. Although such contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, the majority did not meet the conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading positions. Both Japanese yen short-term interest rates and long-term interest rates generally declined during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 compared to the previous fiscal year. These declines in short-term and long-term interest rates had a favorable impact on our interest rate swap portfolios, in which we generally maintained net receive-fix and pay-variable positions, for managing interest rate risk on domestic deposits. However, the increase in net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts of ¥34.9 billion was offset by an increase in net losses on trading account securities, excluding derivatives, of ¥691.1 billion, mainly reflecting the increase in loss on sales and revaluation from trading in debt and equity securities, including securities reclassified under SFAS No. 159, primarily due to unfavorable market conditions.
Net investment securities gains (losses)
Net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥658.7 billion, a decrease of ¥714.4 billion, from ¥1,373.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
The net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 mainly reflected the impairment losses of ¥660.7 billion on marketable equity securities available for sale and of ¥155.5 billion on debt securities available for sale. Impairment losses on debt securities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,169.1 billion due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar. The impairment losses on debt securities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 substantially decreased by ¥1,013.6 billion, compared to those for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, due to the election of the fair value option under SFAS No. 159 for certain foreign securities. The increase in impairment losses on marketable equity securities was due to a general decline in Japanese stock prices in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, was ¥12,525.54 at March 31, 2008 and ¥8,109.53 at March 31, 2009.
Equity in losses of equity method investees
We recorded equity in losses of equity method investees of ¥60.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, an increase of ¥25.6 billion, from ¥34.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in losses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was mainly due to increased losses associated with our equity method investees primarily in consumer finance and regional banking.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Non-interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥1,778.1 billion, a decrease of ¥169.8 billion, from ¥1,947.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of ¥1,611.4 billion in net investment securities gains and a decrease of ¥90.1 billion in fees and commissions. These decreases were offset by an increase of ¥1,457.9 billion in net foreign exchange gains and an increase of ¥69.1 billion in other non-interest income.
Fees and commissions
Fees and commissions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,317.1 billion, a decrease of ¥90.1 billion, from ¥1,407.2 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of ¥48.4 billion in other fees and commissions, a decrease of ¥26.2 billion in fees and commissions on credit card business, and a decrease of ¥15.7 billion in fees on real estate business due to a decrease of business volume.
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Net foreign exchange gains (losses)
Net foreign exchange gains for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,295.9 billion, compared to net foreign exchange losses of ¥162.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The improvement in foreign exchange gains (losses) was due mainly to the larger appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For reference, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 by BTMU was ¥117.47 at March 31, 2006, ¥118.05 at March 30, 2007 and ¥100.19 at March 31, 2008. All transaction gains or losses on translation of monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. As we maintain monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies for our asset liability management, net foreign exchange gains (losses) fluctuate with the appreciation (depreciation) of the Japanese yen.
Net trading account profits
Net trading account profits of ¥398.4 billion were recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, a decrease of ¥6.4 billion, from ¥404.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.
Net profits (losses) on interest rate and other derivative contracts were largely affected by the impact of the decrease (increase) in Japanese long-term interest rates on interest rate swaps principally held for risk management purposes. Although such contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, a majority of them did not meet the conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading positions.
Though Japanese yen short-term interest rates generally rose during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to the previous fiscal year, long-term interest rates generally declined. This decline in long-term interest rates had a favorable impact on our interest rate swap portfolios, in which we generally maintained net receive-fix and pay-variable positions, for managing interest rate risks on domestic deposits. The increase in net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts of ¥307.8 billion was offset by a decrease in net profits on trading account securities, excluding derivatives of ¥314.2 billion, primarily reflecting the increase in loss on sales and revaluation from trading in debt and equity securities primarily due to unfavorable market conditions.
Net investment securities gains (losses)
Net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,373.1 billion, compared to net investment securities gains of ¥238.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.
The net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 mainly reflected the impairment losses of ¥1,169.1 billion on debt securities available for sale and of ¥331.3 billion on marketable equity securities available for sale. The increase in impairment losses on debt securities was mainly due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against US dollar in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The amount of impairment losses attributable to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against foreign currencies was ¥863.2 billion. The increase in impairment losses on marketable equity securities was due to a decline in Japanese stock prices in the fiscal year 2008. The Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, was ¥17,287.65 at March 30, 2007 and ¥12,525.54 at March 31, 2008.
Equity in losses of equity method investees
We recorded equity in losses of equity method investees of ¥34.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, a decrease of ¥22.4 billion, from ¥56.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The decrease in losses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was mainly due to reduced losses of an equity method investee in the consumer finance business.
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Non-Interest Expense
The following table shows a summary of our non-interest expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits |
¥ | 862.4 | ¥ | 909.8 | ¥ | 873.4 | ||||
| Occupancy expenses—net |
179.4 | 173.2 | 171.9 | |||||||
| Fees and commission expenses |
238.0 | 218.1 | 209.8 | |||||||
| Outsourcing expenses, including data processing |
267.9 | 248.2 | 267.8 | |||||||
| Depreciation of premises and equipment |
118.9 | 179.6 | 132.1 | |||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets |
264.9 | 252.9 | 278.2 | |||||||
| Impairment of intangible assets |
184.8 | 78.7 | 126.9 | |||||||
| Insurance premiums, including deposit insurance |
112.8 | 112.4 | 113.8 | |||||||
| Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries |
16.9 | 39.4 | (36.3 | ) | ||||||
| Communications |
62.2 | 65.3 | 62.9 | |||||||
| Taxes and public charges |
79.7 | 83.4 | 85.7 | |||||||
| Provision for repayment of excess interest |
106.2 | 2.8 | 47.9 | |||||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
— | 893.7 | 845.8 | |||||||
| Other non-interest expenses |
290.1 | 402.2 | 392.6 | |||||||
| Total non-interest expense |
¥ | 2,784.2 | ¥ | 3,659.7 | ¥ | 3,572.5 | ||||
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Non-interest expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥3,572.5 billion, a decrease of ¥87.2 billion from ¥3,659.7 billion for the previous fiscal year. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease of minority interest in income of consolidated subsidiaries, impairment of goodwill, depreciation of premises and equipment, and salaries and employee benefits. The decrease in these non-interest expenses was partially offset by an increase in impairment of intangible assets, provision for repayment of excess interest, amortization of intangible assets and outsourcing expenses, including data processing.
Salaries and employee benefits
Salaries and employee benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥873.4 billion, a decrease of ¥36.4 billion from ¥909.8 billion for the previous fiscal year. This decrease was mainly due to the fact that our credit card subsidiary paid early retirement benefits during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, which were not paid for in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Depreciation of premises and equipment
Depreciation of premises and equipment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥132.1 billion, a decrease of ¥47.5 billion from ¥179.6 billion for the previous fiscal year. This decrease primarily reflected the fact that the depreciation of premises and equipment increased significantly for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, because we reviewed the salvage values of premises and equipment and decided to change the estimated salvage values of these assets to ¥1 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we did not have such additional depreciation and this resulted in a decrease of depreciation of premises and equipment compared to the previous year. For further information, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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Impairment of intangible assets
Impairment of intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥126.9 billion, an increase of ¥48.2 billion, from ¥78.7 billion for the previous fiscal year. The increase was mainly due to an increase in impairment of intangible assets related to our consumer finance subsidiary.
Minority interest in income of consolidated subsidiaries
Minority interest in loss of consolidated subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥36.3 billion, a decrease of ¥75.7 billion from income of ¥39.4 billion for the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to our making UNBC a wholly-owned subsidiary, which resulted in a decrease in minority interest of UNBC.
Provision for repayment of excess interest
Provision for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥47.9 billion, an increase of ¥45.1 billion from ¥2.8 billion for the previous fiscal year. The increase was mainly due to an increase in the provision for repayment of excess interest at our credit card subsidiary following developments in recent court cases relating to gray-zone interest repayment claims.
Impairment of goodwill
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥845.8 billion. We recorded an impairment in goodwill due to, among other factors, the global financial market crisis and recession which negatively impacted the fair value of our reporting units for the purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. We recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥893.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For further information, see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Non-interest expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥3,659.7 billion, an increase of ¥875.5 billion from the previous fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to the impairment of goodwill which we recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 in the amount of ¥893.7 billion, but for which we did not record any amount for the previous fiscal year. The increase in non-interest expenses was partially offset by decreases in impairment of intangible assets and provision for repayment of excess interest.
Salaries and employee benefits
Salaries and employee benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥909.8 billion, an increase of ¥47.4 billion from ¥862.4 billion for the previous fiscal year. This increase was mainly due to an increase in the one-time severance payments related to an early retirement program, totaling approximately ¥37 billion, made by a consumer finance subsidiary.
Depreciation of premises and equipment
Depreciation of premises and equipment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥179.6 billion, an increase of ¥60.7 billion from ¥118.9 billion for the previous fiscal year. This increase primarily reflected the fact that we reviewed the salvage values of premises and equipment and decided to change the estimated salvage values of these assets to ¥1 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This change had an adverse impact on our income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥53 billion and ¥31 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For further information, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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Impairment of intangible assets
Impairment of intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥78.7 billion, a decrease of ¥106.1 billion, from ¥184.8 billion for the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to our having no impairment of intangible assets related to a subsidiary in the consumer finance business whereas a significant amount was provided during the previous fiscal year.
Provision for repayment of excess interest
Provision for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥2.8 billion, a decrease of ¥103.4 billion from ¥106.2 billion for the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in the provision for repayment of excess interest at our consumer finance subsidiaries.
Impairment of goodwill
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥893.7 billion. We recorded impairment of goodwill due to, among other factors, the global financial market instability which negatively impacted the fair value of our reporting units for the purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. We did not record an impairment of goodwill for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For further information, see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The following table presents a summary of our income tax expense (benefit):
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
¥ | 1,134.9 | ¥ | 12.4 | ¥ | (1,727.9 | ) | |||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) |
¥ | 552.8 | ¥ | 553.1 | ¥ | (259.9 | ) | |||||
| Effective income tax rate |
48.7 | % | 4,476.3 | % | 15.0 | % | ||||||
| Combined normal effective statutory tax rate |
40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | ||||||
Reconciling items between the combined normal effective statutory tax rates and the effective income tax rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 are summarized as follows:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | |||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| Combined normal effective statutory tax rate |
40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | |||
| Nondeductible expenses |
0.2 | 24.9 | (0.2 | ) | |||||
| Dividends from foreign subsidiaries |
0.9 | 101.8 | (0.3 | ) | |||||
| Foreign tax credit and payments |
0.8 | 10.2 | (0.7 | ) | |||||
| Lower tax rates applicable to income of subsidiaries |
(0.5 | ) | (79.0 | ) | — | ||||
| Minority interests |
0.6 | 143.7 | 0.6 | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance |
7.2 | 1,400.7 | (2.4 | ) | |||||
| Realization of previously unrecognized tax effects of subsidiaries |
— | (5.0 | ) | (1.7 | ) | ||||
| Nontaxable dividends received |
(1.4 | ) | (152.3 | ) | 0.5 | ||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
— | 2,937.4 | (19.9 | ) | |||||
| Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |
0.9 | 36.3 | (1.5 | ) | |||||
| Tax and interest expense for FIN No. 48 |
— | 8.5 | (1.0 | ) | |||||
| Other—net |
(0.6 | ) | 8.5 | 1.0 | |||||
| Effective income tax rate |
48.7 | % | 4,476.3 | % | 15.0 | % | |||
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The effective income tax rate of 15.0% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was 25.6 percentage points lower than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This lower tax rate primarily reflected an impairment loss related to goodwill which was recognized as a result of a decline in the fair value of certain reporting units for the impairment testing purpose due to the continuing global financial market instability. In addition, this lower tax rate reflected an increased valuation allowance for operating loss carryforwards that were no longer deemed to be “more likely than not” to be realized to capture the global economic slowdown.
The effective income tax rate of 4,476.3% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was 4,435.7 percentage points higher than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This higher tax rate was primarily due to the fact that an impairment of goodwill was recorded under US GAAP, decreasing our income from continuing operations before income tax expense to ¥12.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Under Japanese tax law, such impairment of goodwill was not deductible in computing our taxable income and, accordingly, our income tax expense was significantly higher in comparison to our income from continuing operations before income tax expense reported under US GAAP. In addition, this higher tax rate reflected an additional valuation allowance related to operating loss carryforwards that were no longer deemed to be “more likely than not” to be realized, due to a decline in estimated future taxable income resulting from the downturn in financial and banking businesses caused by disruptions in the global financial markets.
The effective income tax rate of 48.7% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was 8.1 percentage points higher than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This higher tax rate primarily reflected an addition of valuation allowance for certain companies, including a subsidiary in the consumer finance business.
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We measure the performance of each of our business segments primarily in terms of “operating profit.” Operating profit and other segment information in this section are based on the financial information prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP as adjusted in accordance with internal management accounting rules and practices. Accordingly, the format and information are not consistent with our consolidated financial statements prepared on the basis of US GAAP. For example, operating profit does not reflect items such as a part of provision (credit) for credit losses (primarily an equivalent of formula allowance under US GAAP), foreign exchange gains (losses) and equity investment securities gains (losses).
We operate our main businesses under an integrated business group system, which integrates the operations of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and other subsidiaries in the following three areas—Retail, Corporate, and Trust Assets. This integrated business group system is intended to enhance synergies by promoting more effective and efficient collaboration between our subsidiaries. Under this system, as the holding company, we formulate strategies for our Group on an integrated basis, which is then executed by the subsidiaries. Through this system, we aim to reduce overlapping of functions within our Group, thereby increasing efficiency and realizing the benefits of group resources and scale of operations. Moreover, through greater integration of our shared expertise in banking, trust and securities businesses, we aim to deliver a more diverse but integrated lineup of products and services for our customers.
Operations that are not covered by the integrated business group system are classified under Global Markets and Other.
The following is a brief explanation of our business segments:
Integrated Retail Banking Business Group—Covers all domestic retail businesses, including commercial banking, trust banking and securities businesses. This business group integrates the retail business of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and other subsidiaries as well as retail product development, promotion and marketing in a single management structure. At the same time, this business group has developed and implemented MUFG Plaza, a one-stop, comprehensive financial services concept that provides integrated banking, trust and securities services.
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Covers all domestic and overseas corporate businesses, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and securities businesses as well as UNBC. Through the integration of these business lines, diverse financial products and services are provided to our corporate clients. This business group has clarified strategic domains, sales channels and methods to match the different growth stages and financial needs of our corporate customers. UNBC is a bank holding company, whose primary subsidiary, Union Bank, N.A., or Union Bank, is one of the largest commercial banks in California by both total assets and total deposits. Union Bank provides a wide range of financial services to consumers, small businesses, middle market companies and major corporations, primarily in California, Oregon and Washington but also nationally and internationally. As a result of the tender offer that was completed in September 2008, and the second-step merger that was completed in November 2008, UNBC became our wholly owned subsidiary. For further information, see “—Recent Developments.”
Integrated Trust Assets Business Group—Covers asset management and administration services for products such as pension trusts and security trusts by integrating the trust banking expertise of MUTB and the global network of BTMU. This business group provides a full range of services to corporate and other pension funds, including stable and secure pension fund management and administration, advice on pension schemes and payment of benefits to scheme members.
Global Markets—Consists of the treasury operations of BTMU and MUTB. Global Markets also conducts asset liability management and liquidity management and provides various financial operations such as money markets and foreign exchange operations and securities investments.
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Other—Consists mainly of the corporate centers of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB. The elimination of duplicated amounts of net revenue among business segments is also reflected in Other.
Effective April 1, 2008, we modified our managerial accounting methods, including those regarding revenue and expense distribution among our business segments. The presentation set forth below for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 has been reclassified to conform to the new basis of managerial accounting. For further information, see Note 28 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| (in billions) | Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group | Integrated Trust Assets Business Group |
Global Markets |
Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | Overseas | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other than UNBC |
UNBC | Overseas total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,304.1 | ¥ | 1,283.3 | ¥ | 301.4 | ¥ | 324.3 | ¥ | 625.7 | ¥ | 1,909.0 | ¥ | 194.2 | ¥ | 380.1 | ¥ | 14.9 | ¥ | 3,802.3 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
917.1 | 537.0 | 178.7 | 200.8 | 379.5 | 916.5 | 103.8 | 57.7 | 176.8 | 2,171.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 387.0 | ¥ | 746.3 | ¥ | 122.7 | ¥ | 123.5 | ¥ | 246.2 | ¥ | 992.5 | ¥ | 90.4 | ¥ | 322.4 | ¥ | (161.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,630.4 | ||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,332.7 | ¥ | 1,171.8 | ¥ | 301.5 | ¥ | 296.4 | ¥ | 597.9 | ¥ | 1,769.7 | ¥ | 198.5 | ¥ | 290.6 | ¥ | 28.6 | ¥ | 3,620.1 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
955.9 | 573.6 | 183.8 | 187.6 | 371.4 | 945.0 | 98.5 | 59.0 | 190.5 | 2,248.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 376.8 | ¥ | 598.2 | ¥ | 117.7 | ¥ | 108.8 | ¥ | 226.5 | ¥ | 824.7 | ¥ | 100.0 | ¥ | 231.6 | ¥ | (161.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,371.2 | ||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,319.6 | ¥ | 952.7 | ¥ | 350.8 | ¥ | 256.8 | ¥ | 607.6 | ¥ | 1,560.3 | ¥ | 171.1 | ¥ | 311.6 | ¥ | (24.0 | ) | ¥ | 3,338.6 | ||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
977.0 | 569.4 | 171.6 | 157.3 | 328.9 | 898.3 | 93.3 | 62.3 | 181.9 | 2,212.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 342.6 | ¥ | 383.3 | ¥ | 179.2 | ¥ | 99.5 | ¥ | 278.7 | ¥ | 662.0 | ¥ | 77.8 | ¥ | 249.3 | ¥ | (205.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,125.8 | ||||||||||
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Net revenue of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group decreased ¥13.1 billion from ¥1,332.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥1,319.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Net revenue of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group mainly consists of revenue from commercial banking operations, such as deposits and lending operations, and fees related to the sales of investment products to retail customers, as well as fees of subsidiaries within the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group. The decrease in net revenue was mainly due to decreases in net interest income in consumer finance as well as fees and commissions on securities businesses and investment funds business, which fully offset increases in net fees and revenue from deposits and those from ACOM CO., LTD., a consumer finance company that became a consolidated subsidiary during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group increased ¥21.1 billion from ¥955.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥977.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The increase in operating expenses was due to the consolidation of ACOM.
Operating profit of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group decreased ¥34.2 billion from ¥376.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥342.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease in net revenue and increase in operating expenses as stated above.
Net revenue of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group decreased ¥209.4 billion from ¥1,769.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥1,560.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Net
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revenue of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group mainly consists of revenues from lending and other commercial banking operations, investment banking and trust banking businesses in relation to corporate clients, as well as fees of subsidiaries within the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group. The decrease in net revenue was mainly due to decreased net revenue in domestic businesses.
With regard to the domestic businesses, net revenue of ¥952.7 billion, a decrease of ¥219.1 billion from the previous fiscal year, was recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in net interest income resulting from a decrease in loan interest margin and decreases in net revenue from sales of derivative products and from securities businesses. The decrease in net revenue was also attributable to losses from impairment and sales of securitized products.
With regard to the overseas businesses, net revenue of ¥607.6 billion, an increase of ¥9.7 billion from the previous fiscal year, was recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This increase was mainly due to an increase in net revenue from overseas lending business mainly for non-Japanese corporate clients.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group were ¥898.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, a decrease of ¥46.7 billion from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
Operating profit of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group decreased ¥162.7 billion from ¥824.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥662.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease in net revenue as stated above.
Net revenue of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group decreased ¥27.4 billion from ¥198.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥171.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Net revenue of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group mainly consists of fees from asset management and administration services for products such as pension trusts and investment trusts. The decrease in net revenue was mainly due to a decrease in net revenue from pension funds and investment trusts.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group decreased ¥5.2 billion from ¥98.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥93.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Operating profit of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group decreased ¥22.2 billion from ¥100.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥77.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This decrease was due to the decrease in net revenue as stated above.
Net revenue of Global Markets increased ¥21.0 billion from ¥290.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥311.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The increase in net revenue was mainly due to a good performance in asset liability management for both domestic and overseas operations.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Net revenue of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group increased ¥28.6 billion from ¥1,304.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥1,332.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Net revenue of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group mainly consists of revenue from commercial banking operations, such as deposits and lending operations, and fees related to the sales of investment products to retail customers, as well as fees of subsidiaries within the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group. The increase in net revenue was mainly due to increases in net fees and revenue from the deposits and the revenue from kabu.com Securities, an online securities company that became a consolidated subsidiary during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group increased ¥38.8 billion from ¥917.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥955.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in operating expenses was due to an increase in expenses related to the integration of IT systems mainly for our merged commercial bank subsidiaries.
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Operating profit of the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group decreased ¥10.2 billion from ¥387.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥376.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to the increase in operating expenses as stated above.
Net revenue of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group decreased ¥139.3 billion from ¥1,909.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥1,769.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Net revenue of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group mainly consists of revenues from lending and other commercial banking operations, investment banking and trust banking businesses in relation to corporate clients, as well as fees of subsidiaries within the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group. The decrease in net revenue was mainly due to decreased net revenue in domestic businesses resulting from a decrease in interest spread and lending volume.
With regard to the domestic businesses, net revenue of ¥1,171.8 billion, a decrease of ¥111.5 billion from the previous fiscal year, was recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in net interest income from loans and fees related to securities businesses. Intensified competition with other financial institutions increased downward pressure on the interest spread of our lending operations to large and medium-sized Japanese companies, and the recent deterioration in financial markets led to lower transaction volume in securities businesses.
With regard to the overseas businesses, net revenue of ¥597.9 billion, a decrease of ¥27.8 billion from the previous fiscal year, was recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Although lending and foreign exchange businesses to Japanese and non-Japanese corporate clients in growing markets in Asia as well as the markets in the Americas and Europe contributed to the expansion of our overseas businesses, net revenue decreased due to further appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group were ¥945.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, an increase of ¥28.5 billion from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.
Operating profit of the Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group decreased ¥167.8 billion from ¥992.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥824.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease in net revenue as stated above.
Net revenue of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group increased ¥4.3 billion from ¥194.2 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥198.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Net revenue of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group mainly consists of fees from asset management and administration services for products such as pension trusts and investment trusts. The increase in net revenue was mainly due to an increase in business in investment trusts.
Operating expenses of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group decreased ¥5.3 billion from ¥103.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥98.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in costs of retirement benefits.
Operating profit of the Integrated Trust Assets Business Group increased ¥9.6 billion from ¥90.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥100.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase was mainly due to the decrease in operating expenses as stated above.
Net revenue of Global Markets decreased ¥89.5 billion from ¥380.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥290.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The decrease in net revenue was mainly due to losses on sales and impairment losses of investment securities, including asset-backed securities.
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The table immediately below sets forth our total revenue, income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) and net income (loss) on a geographic basis for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Assets, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations are allocated to geographical areas based on the domicile of the debtors and customers. For further information, see Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenue (interest income and non-interest income): |
|||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 3,668.0 | ¥ | 4,691.0 | ¥ | 2,924.4 | |||||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||
| United States of America |
1,191.6 | 228.1 | 568.7 | ||||||||
| Europe |
540.6 | 699.8 | 233.7 | ||||||||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
270.2 | 442.0 | 329.7 | ||||||||
| Other areas(1) |
193.3 | 84.0 | 14.4 | ||||||||
| Total foreign |
2,195.7 | 1,453.9 | 1,146.5 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 5,863.7 | ¥ | 6,144.9 | ¥ | 4,070.9 | |||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit): |
|||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 236.8 | ¥ | 280.2 | ¥ | (1,331.1 | ) | ||||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||
| United States of America |
462.9 | (517.6 | ) | (203.0 | ) | ||||||
| Europe |
254.5 | 91.8 | (235.8 | ) | |||||||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
83.5 | 183.9 | 110.5 | ||||||||
| Other areas(1) |
97.2 | (25.9 | ) | (68.6 | ) | ||||||
| Total foreign |
898.1 | (267.8 | ) | (396.9 | ) | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,134.9 | ¥ | 12.4 | ¥ | (1,728.0 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss): |
|||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 63.0 | ¥ | (227.1 | ) | ¥ | (1,064.3 | ) | |||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||
| United States of America |
248.9 | (637.3 | ) | (223.5 | ) | ||||||
| Europe |
169.2 | 121.3 | (229.5 | ) | |||||||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
44.2 | 232.2 | 119.4 | ||||||||
| Other areas(1) |
56.0 | (31.5 | ) | (70.1 | ) | ||||||
| Total foreign |
518.3 | (315.3 | ) | (403.7 | ) | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 581.3 | ¥ | (542.4 | ) | ¥ | (1,468.0 | ) | |||
Note:
| (1) | Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. |
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
Domestic net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥1,064.3 billion, compared to a net loss of ¥227.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This deterioration mainly reflected the increase in loss on sales and revaluation from trading in debt and equity securities primarily due to unfavorable market conditions.
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Foreign net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥403.7 billion, an increase of ¥88.4 billion, from ¥315.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase primarily reflected an increase in net loss in Europe of ¥350.8 billion over the same period, which was recorded mainly due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the euro and other foreign currencies.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
Domestic net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥227.1 billion, compared to a net income of ¥63.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This deterioration was mainly due to our recording an impairment of goodwill for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
Foreign net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥315.3 billion, compared to a foreign net income of ¥518.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This deterioration primarily reflected the net loss in the United States mainly due to an increase in impairment losses on investment securities denominated in US dollars.
Effect of Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008
The average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥100.54 per US$1.00, compared to the prior fiscal year’s average exchange rate of ¥114.29 per US$1.00. The average exchange rate for the conversion of the US dollar financial statements of some of our foreign subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 was ¥103.46 per US$1.00, compared to the average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 of ¥117.84 per US$1.00.
The change in the average exchange rate of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies had the effect of decreasing total revenue by ¥477.2 billion, net interest income by ¥141.2 billion and income before income taxes by ¥168.2 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007
The average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥114.29 per US$1.00, compared to the prior fiscal year’s average exchange rate of ¥117.02 per US$1.00. The average exchange rate for the conversion of the US dollar financial statements of some of our foreign subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 was ¥117.84 per US$1.00, compared to the average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 of ¥116.38 per US$1.00.
The change in the average exchange rate of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies had the effect of increasing total revenue by ¥30.7 billion, net interest income by ¥12.3 billion and income before income taxes by ¥0.3 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
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B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
Total Assets
Our total assets at March 31, 2009 were ¥193.50 trillion, a decrease of ¥2.27 trillion from ¥195.77 trillion at March 31, 2008. The decrease in total assets mainly reflected decreases in receivables under resale agreements of ¥4.58 trillion, investment securities of ¥4.51 trillion, and interest-earning deposits in other banks of ¥2.78 trillion. These decreases were partially offset by increases in trading account assets of ¥11.84 trillion, net loans of ¥1.29 trillion, and deferred tax assets of ¥1.27 trillion.
We have allocated a substantial portion of our assets to international activities. As a result, reported amounts are affected by changes in the value of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies. Foreign assets are denominated primarily in US dollars. The following table shows our total assets at March 31, 2008 and 2009 by geographic region based principally on the domicile of the obligors:
| At March 31, | ||||||
| 2008(2) (Adjusted) |
2009 | |||||
| (in trillions) | ||||||
| Japan |
¥ | 140.61 | ¥ | 143.00 | ||
| Foreign: |
||||||
| United States of America |
20.62 | 23.09 | ||||
| Europe |
19.97 | 14.98 | ||||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
8.32 | 7.47 | ||||
| Other areas(1) |
6.25 | 4.96 | ||||
| Total foreign |
55.16 | 50.50 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 195.77 | ¥ | 193.50 | ||
Notes:
| (1) | Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. |
| (2) | Balances at March 31, 2008 were adjusted. See “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for details. |
At March 31, 2009, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 by us was ¥98.23, as compared with ¥100.19 at March 31, 2008. The Japanese yen amount of foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities decreased as the relevant exchange rates resulted in an increase in the value of the Japanese yen relative to such foreign currencies. The appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 decreased the Japanese yen amount of our total assets by ¥8.03 trillion.
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Loan Portfolio
The following table sets forth our loans outstanding, before deduction of allowance for credit losses, at March 31, 2008 and 2009, based on classification by industry segment as defined by the Bank of Japan for regulatory reporting purposes, which is not necessarily based on use of proceeds.
| At March 31, | ||||||||
| 2008 (Restated)(3) |
2009 | |||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 11,178.9 | ¥ | 12,922.8 | ||||
| Construction |
1,728.5 | 1,803.5 | ||||||
| Real estate |
10,857.1 | 10,436.8 | ||||||
| Services |
6,554.0 | 6,750.4 | ||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
9,308.6 | 9,760.8 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
4,671.5 | 4,836.0 | ||||||
| Communication and information services |
1,150.4 | 732.7 | ||||||
| Other industries |
10,806.2 | 9,515.9 | ||||||
| Consumer |
21,517.7 | 20,542.4 | ||||||
| Total domestic |
77,772.9 | 77,301.3 | ||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
316.8 | 351.1 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
2,100.1 | 2,687.0 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
16,189.7 | 17,550.6 | ||||||
| Other |
2,706.7 | 2,510.5 | ||||||
| Total foreign |
21,313.3 | 23,099.2 | ||||||
| Unearned income, unamortized premium—net and deferred loan fees—net |
(84.1 | ) | (90.2 | ) | ||||
| Total(2) |
¥ | 99,002.1 | ¥ | 100,310.3 | ||||
Notes:
| (1) | Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses. |
| (2) | The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥505.6 billion at March 31, 2008 and ¥119.6 billion at March 31, 2009, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. |
| (3) | Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2008 were restated. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statement included elsewhere in this Annual Report for further information. |
Loans are our primary use of funds. The average loan balance accounted for 56.26% of total interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and 57.81% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
At March 31, 2009, our total loans were ¥100.31 trillion, representing an increase of ¥1.31 trillion from ¥99.00 trillion at March 31, 2008. Before unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net, our loan balance at March 31, 2009 consisted of ¥77.30 trillion of domestic loans and ¥23.10 trillion of foreign loans, while the loan balance at March 31, 2008 consisted of ¥77.77 trillion of domestic loans and ¥21.31 trillion of foreign loans. Between March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009, domestic loans decreased ¥0.47 trillion and foreign loans increased ¥1.79 trillion.
Within the domestic loan portfolio, the loan balances for the manufacturing, and wholesale and retail sectors increased by ¥1.74 trillion and ¥0.45 trillion, respectively. This was offset by decreases in the other industries, consumer, and real estate sectors of ¥1.29 trillion, ¥0.98 trillion, and ¥0.42 trillion, respectively. The overall decrease in domestic loans was mainly due to the continued economic recession, experienced throughout the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
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The increase in foreign loans was mainly due to increased demand for loans from the commercial and industrial and the banks and other financial institutions during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The recent disruptions in the global financial markets have limited the ability of businesses to obtain funding from the capital markets. As a result, loans to our foreign customers increased.
Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans
The following table shows a summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,012.2 | ¥ | 1,112.5 | ¥ | 1,134.9 | ||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
358.6 | 385.7 | 626.9 | |||||||||
| Charge-offs: |
||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(289.2 | ) | (380.0 | ) | (559.0 | ) | ||||||
| Foreign |
(13.9 | ) | (6.5 | ) | (44.3 | ) | ||||||
| Total |
(303.1 | ) | (386.5 | ) | (603.3 | ) | ||||||
| Recoveries: |
||||||||||||
| Domestic |
35.5 | 28.5 | 23.7 | |||||||||
| Foreign |
5.0 | 2.1 | 2.8 | |||||||||
| Total |
40.5 | 30.6 | 26.5 | |||||||||
| Net charge-offs |
(262.6 | ) | (355.9 | ) | (576.8 | ) | ||||||
| Others(1) |
4.3 | (7.4 | ) | (28.4 | ) | |||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,112.5 | ¥ | 1,134.9 | ¥ | 1,156.6 | ||||||
Note:
| (1) | “Others” primarily include foreign currency translation adjustments. |
As previously discussed, the provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥626.9 billion, an increase of ¥241.2 billion from ¥385.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in the provision for credit losses was mainly due to the general weakening of the financial condition of certain borrowers particularly overseas and small and medium sized borrowers.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the ratio of the provision for the credit losses of ¥626.9 billion to the average loan balance of ¥100.16 trillion was 0.63%, and that to the total average interest-earning assets of ¥173.24 trillion was 0.36%.
Charge-offs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 were ¥603.3 billion, an increase of ¥216.8 billion from ¥386.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase in the charge-offs was mainly due to increases in the charge-offs for the domestic real estate and wholesale and retail and the foreign banks and other financial institutions.
The total allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2009 was ¥1,156.6 billion, an increase of ¥21.7 billion from ¥1,134.9 billion at March 31, 2008 as we recorded a provision for credit losses of ¥626.9 billion, whereas we had net charge-offs of ¥576.8 billion.
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The following table presents comparative data in relation to the principal amount of nonperforming loans sold and reversal of allowance for credit losses:
| Principal amount of loans(1) |
Allowance for credit losses(2) |
Loans, net of allowance |
Reversal of allowance for credit losses |
||||||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||||||||
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 |
¥ | 78.3 | ¥ | 20.8 | ¥ | 57.5 | ¥ | (13.2 | ) | ||||
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
¥ | 24.5 | ¥ | 9.4 | ¥ | 15.1 | ¥ | (0.3 | ) | ||||
Notes:
| (1) | Represents principal amount after the deduction of charge-offs made before the sales of nonperforming loans. |
| (2) | Represents allowance for credit losses at the latest balance-sheet date. |
Through the sale of nonperforming loans to third parties, additional provisions or gains may arise from factors such as a change in the credit quality of the borrowers or the value of the underlying collateral subsequent to the prior reporting date, and the risk appetite and investment policy of the purchasers.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of factors that may affect negotiated prices which reflect the borrowers’ financial condition and the value of underlying collateral, the fact that we recorded no additional cost during the reported period is not necessarily indicative of the results that we may record in the future.
In connection with the sale of loans including performing loans, we recorded net gains of ¥14.8 billion and net losses of ¥1.8 billion for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses by component at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in billions) | ||||||
| Allocated allowance: |
||||||
| Specific—specifically identified problem loans |
¥ | 563.3 | ¥ | 618.5 | ||
| Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans |
129.1 | 97.9 | ||||
| Loans exposed to specific country risk |
0.1 | 1.1 | ||||
| Formula—substandard, special mention and other loans |
432.7 | 432.8 | ||||
| Unallocated allowance |
9.7 | 6.3 | ||||
| Total allowance |
¥ | 1,134.9 | ¥ | 1,156.6 | ||
Allowance Policy
Our credit rating system is closely linked to the risk grading standards set by the Japanese regulatory authorities for asset evaluation and assessment, and is used as a basis for establishing the allowance for credit losses and charge-offs. The categorization is based on conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial condition and results of operations, historical payment experience, credit documentation, other public information and current trends. For a discussion of our credit rating system, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk—Credit Risk Management—Credit Rating System.”
Change in total allowance and provision for credit losses
At March 31, 2009, the total allowance for credit losses was ¥1,156.6 billion, representing 1.15% of our total loan portfolio. At March 31, 2008, the total allowance for credit losses was ¥1,134.9 billion, representing 1.15% of our total loan portfolio.
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The total allowance increased from ¥1,134.9 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥1,156.6 billion at March 31, 2009 primarily as a result of the downgrade in the credit rating of certain overseas borrowers and certain borrowers of the real estate and wholesale and retail segment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, there were no significant changes in our general allowance policy, which affected our allowance for credit losses for the period, resulting from directives, advice or counsel from governmental or regulatory bodies.
Allocated allowance for specifically identified problem loans
The allocated credit loss allowance for specifically identified problem loans represents the allowance against impaired loans required under SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” Impaired loans primarily include nonaccrual loans and restructured loans. We generally discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans of our domestic banking subsidiaries, including BTMU and MUTB, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain banking subsidiaries abroad. Loans are classified as restructured loans when we grant a concession to borrowers for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers’ financial difficulties.
Detailed reviews of impaired loans are performed after a borrower’s annual or semi-annual financial statements first become available. In addition, as part of an ongoing credit review process, our credit officers monitor changes in all customers’ creditworthiness, including bankruptcy, past due principal or interest, downgrades of external credit ratings, declines in the stock price, business restructuring and other events, and reassess our ratings of borrowers in response to such events. This credit monitoring process forms an integral part of our overall risk management process. An impaired loan is evaluated individually based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s estimated marketable price or the fair value of the collateral at the annual and semi-annual fiscal year end, if the loan is collateral-dependent as of a balance-sheet date.
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The following table summarizes nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans that are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments, at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | ||||||||
| Nonaccrual loans: |
||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 109.1 | ¥ | 87.7 | ||||
| Construction |
44.3 | 55.8 | ||||||
| Real estate |
164.5 | 263.8 | ||||||
| Services |
142.8 | 104.6 | ||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
156.8 | 139.0 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
10.6 | 14.8 | ||||||
| Communication and information services |
45.1 | 36.9 | ||||||
| Other industries |
36.2 | 20.6 | ||||||
| Consumer |
318.9 | 372.9 | ||||||
| Total domestic |
1,028.3 | 1,096.1 | ||||||
| Foreign |
116.2 | 153.4 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans |
1,144.5 | 1,249.5 | ||||||
| Restructured loans: |
||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||
| Manufacturing |
79.0 | 67.5 | ||||||
| Construction |
16.4 | 18.0 | ||||||
| Real estate |
119.3 | 59.4 | ||||||
| Services |
32.7 | 40.7 | ||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
32.1 | 28.8 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
2.0 | 3.3 | ||||||
| Communication and information services |
2.6 | 15.9 | ||||||
| Other industries |
145.5 | 128.3 | ||||||
| Consumer |
62.6 | 95.9 | ||||||
| Total domestic |
492.2 | 457.8 | ||||||
| Foreign |
25.1 | 63.8 | ||||||
| Total restructured loans |
517.3 | 521.6 | ||||||
| Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more: |
||||||||
| Domestic |
14.9 | 15.1 | ||||||
| Foreign |
3.0 | 6.4 | ||||||
| Total accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more |
17.9 | 21.5 | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,679.7 | ¥ | 1,792.6 | ||||
| Total loans |
¥ | 99,002.1 | ¥ | 100,310.3 | ||||
| Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as a percentage of total loans |
1.70 | % | 1.79 | % | ||||
Nonaccrual and restructured loans and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more increased by ¥112.9 billion from ¥1,679.7 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥1,792.6 billion at March 31, 2009. Similarly, the percentage of nonperforming loans to total loans increased to 1.79% at March 31, 2009 from 1.70% at March 31, 2008.
Total nonaccrual loans were ¥1,249.5 billion at March 31, 2009, an increase of ¥105.0 billion from ¥1,144.5 billion at March 31, 2008. Domestic nonaccrual loans increased ¥67.8 billion between March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009, mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain borrowers of the real estate segment.
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Foreign nonaccrual loans increased ¥37.2 billion between March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009, mainly due to the downgrade in credit ratings of certain overseas borrowers included in the foreign banks and other financial institutions segment. Domestic nonaccrual loans in real estate increased ¥99.3 billion and those in services decreased ¥38.2 billion.
Total restructured loans were ¥521.6 billion at March 31, 2009, an increase of ¥4.3 billion from ¥517.3 billion at March 31, 2008. Domestic restructured loans decreased ¥34.4 billion to ¥457.8 billion at March 31, 2009 from ¥492.2 billion at March 31, 2008 mainly due to the downgrade in credit ratings of certain borrowers in the real estate segment. Restructured loans in the real estate segment decreased ¥59.9 billion and restructured loans in the manufacturing segment decreased ¥11.5 billion, but those in the consumer segment increased ¥33.3 billion.
The following table summarizes the balances of impaired loans and related impairment allowances at March 31, 2008 and 2009, excluding smaller-balance homogeneous loans:
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||
| Loan balance |
Impairment allowance |
Loan balance |
Impairment allowance | |||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||||
| Requiring an impairment allowance |
¥ | 1,131.8 | ¥ | 563.3 | ¥ | 1,168.5 | ¥ | 618.6 | ||||||
| Not requiring an impairment allowance(1) |
311.8 | — | 407.7 | — | ||||||||||
| Total(2) |
¥ | 1,443.6 | ¥ | 563.3 | ¥ | 1,576.2 | ¥ | 618.6 | ||||||
| Percentage of the allocated allowance to total impaired loans |
39.0 | % | 39.2 | % | ||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | These loans do not require an allowance for credit losses under SFAS No. 114 since the fair values of the impaired loans equal or exceed the recorded investments in the loans. |
| (2) | In addition to impaired loans presented in the above table, there were loans held for sale that were impaired of ¥11.9 billion at March 31, 2008 and there were no loans held for sale that were impaired at March 31, 2009. |
Impaired loans increased by ¥132.6 billion from ¥1,443.6 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥1,576.2 billion at March 31, 2009, reflecting the increase in nonaccrual loans.
The percentage of the allocated allowance to total impaired loans increased 0.2 percentage points to 39.2% at March 31, 2009 from 39.0% at March 31, 2008.
Based upon a review of the financial status of borrowers, our banking subsidiaries may grant various concessions (modification of loan terms) to troubled borrowers at the borrowers’ request, including reductions in the stated interest rates, debt write-offs, and extensions of the maturity date. According to the policies of each of our banking subsidiaries, such modifications are made to mitigate the near-term burden of the loans to the borrowers and to better match the payment terms with the borrowers’ expected future cash flows or, in cooperation with other creditors, to reduce the overall debt burden of the borrowers so that they may normalize their operations, in each case to improve the likelihood that the loans will be repaid in accordance with the revised terms. The nature and amount of the concessions depend on the particular financial condition of each borrower. In principle, however, none of our banking subsidiaries modify the terms of loans to borrowers that are considered “Likely to Become Bankrupt,” “Virtually Bankrupt,” or “Bankrupt” under the self-assessment categories established by Japanese banking regulations because in these cases there is little likelihood that the modification of loan terms would enhance recovery of the loans.
Allocated allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans
The allocated credit loss allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans is focused on loss experience for the pools of loans rather than on an analysis of individual loans. Large groups of smaller- balance homogeneous loans primarily consist of first mortgage housing loans to individuals. The allowance for groups of performing loans is based on historical loss experience over a period. In determining the level of the
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allowance for delinquent groups of loans, we classify groups of homogeneous loans based on the risk rating and/or the number of delinquencies. We determine the credit loss allowance for delinquent groups of loans based on the probability of insolvency by the number of actual delinquencies and actual loss experience.
The allocated credit loss allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans was ¥97.9 billion at March 31, 2009, a decrease of ¥31.2 billion from ¥129.1 billion at March 31, 2008.
Allocated allowance for country risk exposure
The allocated credit loss allowance for country risk exposure is based on an estimate of probable losses relating to the exposure to countries that we identify as having a high degree of transfer risk. The countries to which the allowance for country risk exposure relates are decided based on a country risk grading system used to assess and rate the transfer risk to individual countries. The allowance is generally determined based on a function of default probability and expected recovery ratios, taking external credit ratings into account.
The allocated allowance for country risk exposure was ¥1.1 billion at March 31, 2009, a increase of ¥1.0 billion from ¥0.1 billion at March 31, 2008.
Formula allowance for substandard, special mention and unclassified loans
The formula allowance is calculated by applying estimated loss factors to outstanding substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. In evaluating the inherent loss for these loans, we rely on a statistical analysis that incorporates a percentage of total loans based on historical loss experience.
The formula allowance increased ¥0.1 billion from ¥432.7 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥432.8 billion at March 31, 2009.
Each of our banking subsidiaries has computed the formula allowance based on estimated credit losses using a methodology defined by the credit rating system. Estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date are calculated by multiplying the default ratio by the nonrecoverable ratio (determined as a complement of the recovery ratio). The default ratio is determined by each credit risk rating, taking into account the historical number of defaults of borrowers within each credit risk rating divided by the total number of borrowers within that credit risk rating existing at the beginning of the three-year observation period. The recovery ratio is mainly determined by the historical experience of collections against loans in default. The default ratio, the recovery ratio and other indicators are continually reviewed and improved to compute the formula allowance and the allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments. In addition, an appropriate adjustment to the formula allowance and the allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments, considering the risk of losses from large obligors and other credit risks, is examined and made by analyzing the difference between the allowance computed by multiplying the default ratio by nonrecoverable ratio and the allowance calculated based on the loss experience ratio.
UNBC, our largest overseas subsidiary, calculates the formula allowance by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and certain unused commitments, in each case based on the internal risk grade of such loans, leases and commitments. Changes in risk grades affect the amount of the formula allowance. Loss factors are based on their historical loss experience and may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, affect the collectibility of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Loss factors are developed in the following ways:
| • | loss factors for individually graded credits are derived from a migration model that tracks historical losses over a period, which we believe captures the inherent losses in our loan portfolio; and |
| • | pooled loan loss factors (not individually graded loans) are based on expected net charge-offs. Pooled loans are loans that are homogeneous in nature, such as consumer installment, home equity, residential mortgage loans and certain small commercial and commercial real estate loans. |
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Though there are a few technical differences in the methodology used for the formula allowance for credit losses as mentioned above, we examine overall sufficiency of the formula allowance periodically by back-test comparison with the actual loss experience subsequent to the balance sheet date.
Unallocated allowance
The unallocated allowance is based on management’s evaluation of conditions that are not directly reflected in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they may not be identified with specific problem credits or portfolio segments. The conditions evaluated in connection with the unallocated allowance include the following, which were considered to exist at the balance sheet date:
| • | general economic and business conditions affecting our key lending areas; |
| • | credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions); |
| • | collateral values; |
| • | loan volumes and concentrations; |
| • | specific industry conditions within portfolio segments; |
| • | recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio; |
| • | duration of the current economic cycle; |
| • | bank regulatory examination results; and |
| • | findings of internal credit examination. |
Executive management reviews these conditions quarterly in discussion with our senior credit officers. To the extent that any of these conditions are evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s estimate of the effect of such conditions may be reflected as a specific allowance. Where any of these conditions are not evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s evaluation of the probable loss related to such conditions is reflected in the unallocated allowance.
The unallocated allowance decreased ¥3.4 billion from ¥9.7 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥6.3 billion at March 31, 2009. This decrease was primarily due to the impact of a decrease in evaluated loss factors for loans without allocated allowance.
Allowance for Off-balance-sheet Credit Instruments
In addition to the allowance for credit losses on the loan portfolio, we maintain an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments of credit, guarantees and standby letters of credit. This allowance is included in other liabilities. With regard to the specific allocated allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance, we apply the same methodology that we use in determining the allowance for loan credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments was ¥84.6 billion at March 31, 2009, a decrease of ¥12.7 billion from ¥97.3 billion at March 31, 2008. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments was mainly due to the reduction of some off-balance-sheet credit.
Investment Portfolio
Our investment securities are primarily comprised of Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds, corporate bonds and marketable equity securities. Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds are mostly classified as securities available for sale. We also hold Japanese national government bonds which are classified as securities being held to maturity.
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Historically, we have held equity securities of some of our customers for strategic purposes, in particular, to maintain long-term relationships with these customers. However, we have been reducing the aggregate value of our equity securities because we believe that from a risk management perspective reducing the price fluctuation risk in our equity portfolio is imperative. As of March 31, 2008 and 2009, the aggregate value of our marketable equity securities under Japanese GAAP satisfied the requirements of the legislation prohibiting banks from holding equity securities in excess of their Tier I capital.
Investment securities decreased ¥4.51 trillion, from ¥42.15 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥37.64 trillion at March 31, 2009 due primarily to significant decreases in foreign governments and official institutions bonds, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and marketable equity securities. These decreases were partially offset by increased purchases of Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds. Certain foreign debt securities of ¥10.45 trillion, which were previously included in foreign governments and official institutions bonds, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, were reclassified to trading securities upon election of the fair value option accounting under SFAS No. 159 at April 1, 2008. For marketable equity securities, the decline in stock prices of Japanese equity securities resulted in a decrease of our marketable equity securities.
The following table shows information as to the amortized costs and estimated fair values of our investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
|||||||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 16,133.0 | ¥ | 16,185.9 | ¥ | 52.9 | ¥ | 23,846.2 | ¥ | 23,892.8 | ¥ | 46.6 | ||||||||
| Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds |
203.1 | 208.2 | 5.1 | 277.9 | 282.5 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign governments and official institutions bonds |
3,637.6 | 3,670.8 | 33.2 | 185.6 | 190.6 | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
5,281.3 | 5,408.0 | 126.7 | 3,791.0 | 3,869.0 | 78.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
3,439.5 | 3,438.7 | (0.8 | ) | 676.3 | 668.2 | (8.1 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Asset-backed securities, excluding mortgage-backed securities(1) |
3,547.3 | 3,455.1 | (92.2 | ) | 543.0 | 495.1 | (47.9 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other debt securities |
19.2 | 18.9 | (0.3 | ) | 33.3 | 32.1 | (1.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
4,315.2 | 6,343.7 | 2,028.5 | 3,340.3 | 3,959.8 | 619.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale |
¥ | 36,576.2 | ¥ | 38,729.3 | ¥ | 2,153.1 | ¥ | 32,693.6 | ¥ | 33,390.1 | ¥ | 696.5 | ||||||||
| Debt securities being held to maturity(2) |
¥ | 2,839.7 | ¥ | 2,860.4 | ¥ | 20.7 | ¥ | 2,812.4 | ¥ | 2,826.4 | ¥ | 14.0 | ||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | AAA-rated products account for approximately two-thirds of our asset-backed securities. |
| (2) | See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more details. |
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale decreased ¥1.45 trillion from ¥2.15 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥0.70 trillion at March 31, 2009. This decrease consisted of a ¥1.41 trillion decrease in net unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and a ¥0.05 trillion decrease in net unrealized gains on debt securities. The decrease in net unrealized gains of ¥1.41 trillion on marketable equity securities was mainly due to the decrease in stock prices which negatively affected our holdings of Japanese equity securities.
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The amortized cost of securities being held to maturity decreased ¥0.03 trillion compared to the previous fiscal year mainly due to the redemption of Japanese national government bonds classified as securities being held to maturity. On the other hand, some of our asset-backed securities were reclassified into securities being held to maturity from trading securities on January 30, 2009.
Cash and Due from Banks
Cash and due from banks at March 31, 2009 was ¥3.07 trillion, a decrease of ¥1.02 trillion from ¥4.09 trillion at March 31, 2008. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in our deposit balance with the Bank of Japan.
Interest-earning Deposits in Other Banks
Interest-earning deposits in other banks fluctuate significantly from day to day depending upon financial market conditions. Interest-earning deposits in other banks at March 31, 2009 were ¥3.54 trillion, a decrease of ¥2.78 trillion from ¥6.32 trillion at March 31, 2008. This decrease primarily reflected a decrease in interest-earning deposits denominated in foreign currencies in other banks of our domestic offices.
Receivables under Resale Agreements
Receivables under resale agreements at March 31, 2009 were ¥2.53 trillion, a decrease of ¥4.58 trillion from ¥7.11 trillion at March 31, 2008. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in transaction volume of our overseas subsidiaries following the recent market deterioration.
Goodwill
Goodwill at March 31, 2009 was ¥379.4 billion, a decrease of ¥694.7 billion from ¥1,074.1 billion at March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to goodwill impairment losses of ¥845.8 billion off-set by ¥175.3 billion of goodwill we acquired in connection with making UNBC a wholly-owned subsidiary during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets increased ¥1.27 trillion, from ¥0.90 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥2.17 trillion at March 31, 2009. This increase primarily reflected an increase in deferred tax assets for net investment securities losses due to a decline in the fair market value of equity and debt instruments, and an increase in deferred tax assets for accrued pension costs due to a decline in the fair market value of plan assets. This increase was partly offset by a decrease in deferred tax assets for utilized operating loss carryforwards.
Total Liabilities
At March 31, 2009, total liabilities were ¥187.26 trillion, a decrease of ¥0.02 trillion from ¥187.28 trillion at March 31, 2008, while the total balance of deposits was ¥128.33 trillion at March 31, 2009, a decrease of ¥0.91 trillion from ¥129.24 trillion at March 31, 2008. The decrease in interest-bearing deposits of ¥1.32 trillion compared to the previous fiscal year end was partially offset by the increase in non-interest-bearing deposits of ¥0.41 trillion.
The appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 decreased the Japanese yen amount of foreign currency-denominated liabilities by ¥7.92 trillion.
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Deposits
Deposits are our primary source of funds. Total average balance of deposits increased ¥0.05 trillion from ¥127.02 trillion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to ¥127.07 trillion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This increase primarily reflected an increase of ¥2.58 trillion in average domestic interest-bearing deposits, which was partially offset by a decrease of ¥1.83 trillion in average foreign interest-bearing deposits.
Domestic deposits increased ¥1.33 trillion from ¥109.50 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥110.83 trillion at March 31, 2009, and foreign deposits decreased ¥2.24 trillion from ¥19.74 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥17.50 trillion at March 31, 2009. Within domestic deposits, the balance of both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits increased, partially in response to the attractive interest rates of our time deposits. The decrease in foreign interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the withdrawal of large deposits by foreign financial institutions in response to the difficult market conditions following the global financial crisis and recession and the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies.
Short-term Borrowings
We use short-term borrowings as a funding source and in our management of interest rate risk. For management of interest rate risk, short-term borrowings are used in asset-liability management operations to match interest rate risk exposure resulting from loans and other interest-earning assets and to manage funding costs of various financial instruments at an appropriate level, based on our forecast of future interest rate levels. Short-term borrowings consist of call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements, payables under securities lending transactions, due to trust accounts and other short-term borrowings.
Short-term borrowings increased ¥1.84 trillion from ¥26.25 trillion at March 31, 2008 to ¥28.09 trillion at March 31, 2009. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥1.85 trillion in other short-term borrowings which were comprised of borrowings from the Bank of Japan and other financial institutions.
Long-term debt
Long-term debt at March 31, 2009 was ¥13.27 trillion, a decrease of ¥0.41 trillion from ¥13.68 trillion at March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to the redemption of unsubordinated debts by MUFG and BTMU. For further information, see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Sources of Funding and Liquidity
Our primary source of liquidity is from a large balance of deposits, mainly ordinary deposits, certificates of deposit and time deposits. Time deposits have shown a historically high rollover rate among our corporate customers and individual depositors. As of March 31, 2009, our deposits of ¥128.33 trillion exceeded our loans, net of allowance for credit losses of ¥99.15 trillion, by ¥29.18 trillion. These deposits provide us with a sizable source of stable and low-cost funds. While approximately 44.6% of certificates of deposit and time deposits mature within three months, we continuously monitor relevant interest rate characteristics of these funds and utilize asset and liability management techniques to manage the possible impact of the rollovers on our net interest margin and liquidity. Our average deposits, combined with average shareholders’ equity, funded 68.8% of our average total assets of ¥196.21 trillion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Most of the remaining funding was provided by short-term borrowings and long-term senior and subordinated debt. Short-term borrowings consist of call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements, payables under securities lending transactions, due to trust account, and other short-term borrowings. From time to time, we have issued long-term instruments such as straight bonds with mainly three to five years’ maturity. Liquidity may also be provided by the sale of financial assets, including securities available for sale, trading account securities and loans. Additional liquidity may be provided by the maturity of loans.
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Total Shareholders’ Equity
The following table presents a summary of our total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | ||||||||
| Preferred stock |
¥ | 247.1 | ¥ | 442.1 | ||||
| Common stock |
1,084.7 | 1,127.6 | ||||||
| Capital surplus |
5,791.3 | 6,095.8 | ||||||
| Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) |
1,174.9 | (606.2 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated other changes in equity (deficit) from nonowner sources, net of taxes |
919.4 | (813.7 | ) | |||||
| Treasury stock, at cost |
(727.3 | ) | (10.7 | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
¥ | 8,490.1 | ¥ | 6,234.9 | ||||
| Ratio of total shareholders’ equity to total assets |
4.34 | % | 3.22 | % | ||||
Total shareholders’ equity decreased ¥2,255.2 billion from ¥8,490.1 billion at March 31, 2008 to ¥6,234.9 billion at March 31, 2009. The ratio of total shareholders’ equity to total assets also showed a decrease of 1.12 percentage points from 4.34% at March 31, 2008 to 3.22% at March 31, 2009. The decrease in total shareholders’ equity, and the resulting decrease in the ratio to total assets, at March 31, 2009 were principally attributable to a decrease in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes of ¥1,733.1 billion, and a decrease in retained earnings of ¥1,781.1 billion, which were partially offset by a decrease in treasury stock of ¥716.6 billion and increases in capital surplus of ¥304.5 billion and preferred stock of ¥195.0 billion. The decrease in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes, was mainly due to a decline in the Japanese stock market, which resulted in a decrease in net unrealized gain on investment securities available for sale. The decrease in retained earnings was mainly due to our recording a net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The decrease in treasury stock was primarily due to the use of our treasury stock in the global offering of our common stock in December 2008.
Due to our holdings of a large amount of marketable Japanese equity securities and the volatility of the equity markets in Japan, changes in the fair value of marketable equity securities have significantly affected our shareholders’ equity. The following table presents information relating to the accumulated net unrealized gains, net of taxes, in respect of investment securities classified as available for sale at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | ||||||||
| Accumulated net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale |
¥ | 973.7 | ¥ | 95.2 | ||||
| Accumulated net unrealized gains to total shareholders’ equity |
11.47 | % | 1.53 | % | ||||
We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the regulatory authorities of the countries in which we operate. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate mandatory actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
We continually monitor our risk-adjusted capital ratio closely and manage our operations in consideration of the capital ratio requirements. These ratios are affected not only by fluctuations in the value of our assets, including our credit risk assets such as loans and equity securities, the risk weights of which depend on the borrowers’ or issuers’ internal ratings, marketable securities and deferred tax assets, but also by fluctuations in the value of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies and by general price levels of Japanese equity securities.
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Capital Requirements for Banking Institutions in Japan
A Japanese banking institution is subject to the minimum capital adequacy requirements both on a consolidated basis and a stand-alone basis, and is required to maintain the minimum capital irrespective of whether it operates independently or as a subsidiary under the control of another company. A bank holding company is also subject to the minimum capital adequacy requirements on a consolidated basis. Under the guidelines of the Financial Services Agency, or the FSA, capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital. Our Tier I capital generally consists of shareholders’ equity items, including common stock, non-cumulative preferred stock, capital surplus, minority interests and retained earnings (which includes deferred tax assets), but recorded goodwill and other items, such as treasury stock, are deducted from Tier I capital. Our Tier II capital generally consists of the amount (up to a maximum of 0.6% of credit risk-weighted assets) by which eligible reserves for credit losses exceeds expected losses in the internal ratings-based approach, or the IRB approach, and general reserves for credit losses, subject to a limit of 1.25% of modified risk-weighted assets determined by the partial use of the Standardized Approach (including a phased rollout of the IRB approach), 45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities classified as “securities available for sale,” 45% of the land revaluation excess, the balance of perpetual subordinated debt and the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years subject to certain limitations, up to 50% of Tier I capital. Our Tier III capital consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years, subject to certain limitations. At least 50% of the minimum capital requirements must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.
The eligible regulatory capital set forth in the FSA’s guidelines discussed above were modified as of March 31, 2007 to reflect the “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” often referred to as “Basel II.”
As of March 31, 2008 and 2009, we have calculated our risk-weighted assets in accordance with Basel II. In determining capital ratios under Basel II, we and our banking subsidiaries shifted from the foundation internal ratings-based approach, or the FIRB approach, to the advanced internal ratings-based approach, or the AIRB approach, to calculate capital requirements for credit risk as of the end of March 2009. The Standardized Approach is used for some subsidiaries that are considered to be immaterial to the overall MUFG capital requirements and a few subsidiaries adopted a phased rollout of the internal ratings-based approach. Market risk is reflected in the risk-weighted assets by applying the Internal Models Approach to calculate general market risk and the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk. Under the Internal Models Approach, we principally use a historical simulation model to calculate value-at-risk amounts by estimating the profit and loss on our portfolio by applying actual fluctuations in the market rates and prices over a fixed period in the past. Under Basel II, we newly reflected operational risk in the risk-weighted assets by applying the Standardized Approach. Specifically, operational risk capital charge is determined based on the amount of gross profit allocated to business lines multiplied by a factor ranging from 12% to 18%.
For additional discussion of the calculation of our capital ratios under Basel II, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Under the Japanese regulatory capital requirements, our consolidated capital components, including Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital and risk-weighted assets, are calculated from our consolidated financial statements prepared under Japanese GAAP. Also, each of the consolidated and stand-alone capital components and risk-weighted assets of our banking subsidiaries in Japan is calculated from consolidated and non-consolidated financial statements prepared under Japanese GAAP.
For a detailed discussion of the capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the FSA and proposed amendments, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Japan—Capital Adequacy.”
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Capital Requirements for Banking Institutions in the United States
In the United States, UNBC and its banking subsidiary, Union Bank, our largest subsidiaries operating outside Japan, are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by US Federal banking agencies, including minimum capital requirements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, they must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under US regulatory accounting practices. Their capital amounts and prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
For a detailed discussion of the capital adequacy guidelines applicable to our US banking subsidiaries, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—United States—Bank Capital Requirements and Capital Distributions.”
Capital Requirements for Securities Firms in Japan and Overseas
We have securities subsidiaries in Japan and overseas, which are also subject to regulatory capital requirements. In Japan, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan and related ordinances require financial instruments firms to maintain a minimum capital ratio of 120% calculated as a percentage of capital accounts less certain fixed assets, as determined in accordance with Japanese GAAP, against amounts equivalent to market, counterparty credit and operations risks. Specific guidelines are issued as a ministerial ordinance which details the definition of essential components of the capital ratios, including capital, deductible fixed asset items and risks, and related measures. Failure to maintain a minimum capital ratio will trigger mandatory regulatory actions. A capital ratio of less than 140% will call for regulatory reporting and a capital ratio of less than 100% may lead to a suspension of all or part of the business for a period of time and cancellation of registration. Overseas securities subsidiaries are subject to the relevant regulatory capital requirements of the countries or jurisdictions in which they operate.
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Ratios
The table below presents our consolidated total capital, risk-weighted assets and risk-adjusted capital ratios at March 31, 2008 and 2009. (Underlying figures are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, as required by the FSA. The percentages in the tables below are rounded down.) For further information, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| At March 31, | Minimum capital ratios required |
||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Capital components: |
|||||||||||
| Tier I capital |
¥ | 8,293.8 | ¥ | 7,575.2 | |||||||
| Tier II capital includable as qualifying capital |
4,441.8 | 4,216.1 | |||||||||
| Tier III capital includable as qualifying capital |
— | — | |||||||||
| Deductions from total qualifying capital |
519.7 | 312.9 | |||||||||
| Total risk-based capital |
¥ | 12,215.9 | ¥ | 11,478.4 | |||||||
| Risk-weighted assets |
¥ | 109,075.6 | ¥ | 97,493.5 | |||||||
| Capital ratios: |
|||||||||||
| Tier I capital |
7.60 | % | 7.76 | % | 4.00 | % | |||||
| Total risk-adjusted capital |
11.19 | 11.77 | 8.00 | ||||||||
Our Tier I capital ratio and total risk-adjusted capital ratio at March 31, 2009 were 7.76% and 11.77% respectively. The increase in total risk-adjusted capital ratio was mainly due to a decrease in risk-weighted assets, which was partially offset by a decrease in Tier I capital resulting from the decrease in the amount of unrealized gains on investment securities.
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Capital Ratios of Our Major Banking Subsidiaries in Japan
The table below presents the risk-adjusted capital ratios of BTMU and MUTB at March 31, 2008 and 2009 (underlying figures are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from their consolidated and non-consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, as required by the FSA. The percentages in the tables below are rounded down.). For further information, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| At March 31, | Minimum capital ratios required |
||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||
| Consolidated capital ratios: |
|||||||||
| BTMU |
|||||||||
| Tier I capital |
7.43 | % | 7.64 | % | 4.00 | % | |||
| Total risk-adjusted capital |
11.20 | 12.02 | 8.00 | ||||||
| MUTB |
|||||||||
| Tier I capital |
9.94 | 10.17 | 4.00 | ||||||
| Total risk-adjusted capital |
13.13 | 12.70 | 8.00 | ||||||
| Stand-alone capital ratios: |
|||||||||
| BTMU |
|||||||||
| Tier I capital |
7.65 | 8.34 | 4.00 | ||||||
| Total risk-adjusted capital |
11.44 | 12.74 | 8.00 | ||||||
| MUTB |
|||||||||
| Tier I capital |
9.55 | 9.85 | 4.00 | ||||||
| Total risk-adjusted capital |
12.87 | 12.49 | 8.00 | ||||||
At March 31, 2009, management believes that our banking subsidiaries were in compliance with all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
Capital Ratios of Banking Subsidiaries in the United States
The table below presents the risk-adjusted capital ratios of UNBC and Union Bank, both subsidiaries of BTMU, at December 31, 2007 and 2008:
| At December 31, | Minimum capital ratios required |
Ratios OCC requires to be “well-capitalized” |
||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | |||||||||||
| UNBC: |
||||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
8.30 | % | 8.78 | % | 4.00 | % | — | |||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
8.27 | 8.42 | 4.00 | — | ||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
11.21 | 11.63 | 8.00 | — | ||||||||
| Union Bank: |
||||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
8.20 | % | 8.67 | % | 4.00 | % | 6.00 | % | ||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
8.20 | 8.31 | 4.00 | 5.00 | ||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
10.38 | 11.01 | 8.00 | 10.00 | ||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Excludes certain intangible assets. |
Management believes that, as of December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2009, UNBC and Union Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
As of December 31, 2008, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC, categorized Union Bank as “well-capitalized.” To be categorized as “well capitalized,” Union Bank must maintain minimum ratios of Total and Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier I capital to quarterly average assets (the Leverage ratio) as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Union Bank’s category.
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Capital Adequacy Ratio of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities
At March 31, 2008 and 2009, MUS’s capital accounts less certain fixed assets of ¥619.3 billion and ¥502.8 billion represented 299.4% and 353.7% of the total amounts equivalent to market, counterparty credit and operations risks, respectively, as calculated pursuant to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law. For further information, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Non-exchange Traded Contracts Accounted for at Fair Value
The use of non-exchange traded or over-the-counter contracts provides us with the ability to adapt to the varied requirements of a wide customer base while mitigating market risks. Non-exchange traded contracts are accounted for at fair value, which is generally based on pricing models or quoted market prices for instruments with similar characteristics. Gains or losses on non-exchange traded contracts are included in “Trading account profits—net” in our consolidated statements of operations included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of non-exchange traded contracts for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Net fair value of contracts outstandings at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 86,512 | ¥ | 87,772 | ||||
| Changes attributable to contracts realized or otherwise settled during the fiscal year |
(26,950 | ) | 11,137 | |||||
| Fair value of new contracts when entered into during the fiscal year |
734 | 17,272 | ||||||
| Other changes in fair value, principally revaluation at end of fiscal year |
27,476 | (77,956 | ) | |||||
| Net fair value of contracts outstanding at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 87,772 | ¥ | 38,225 | ||||
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009, the fair value of non-exchange traded contracts decreased primarily due to the decrease in the fair value of metals swap contracts denominated in US dollars and the depreciation of the US dollar against the Japanese Yen.
The following table summarizes the maturities of non-exchange traded contracts at March 31, 2009:
| Net fair value of contracts—unrealized gains | |||||||
| Prices actively quoted | Prices based on models and other valuation methods |
||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||
| Maturity less than 1 year |
¥ | 3,036 | ¥ | — | |||
| Maturity less than 3 years |
20,365 | 11,026 | |||||
| Maturity less than 5 years |
4,887 | (624 | ) | ||||
| Maturity 5 years or more |
1,343 | (1,808 | ) | ||||
| Total fair value |
¥ | 29,631 | ¥ | 8,594 | |||
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Not applicable.
See the discussions in “—A. Operating Results” and “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
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E. Off-balance-sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of our business, we engage in several types of off-balance-sheet arrangements to meet the financing needs of our customers, including various types of guarantees, commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit. The following table summarizes these commitments at March 31, 2009:
| Amount of commitment by expiration period | ||||||||||||
| 1 year or less |
1-5 years |
Over 5 years |
Total | |||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Guarantees: |
||||||||||||
| Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees |
¥ | 2,095 | ¥ | 1,113 | ¥ | 1,342 | ¥ | 4,550 | ||||
| Performance guarantees |
1,573 | 785 | 131 | 2,489 | ||||||||
| Derivative instruments |
29,656 | 34,946 | 3,352 | 67,954 | ||||||||
| Guarantees for the repayment of trust principal |
173 | 1,055 | 6 | 1,234 | ||||||||
| Liabilities of trust account |
2,098 | 382 | 678 | 3,158 | ||||||||
| Others |
128 | — | — | 128 | ||||||||
| Total guarantees |
35,723 | 38,281 | 5,509 | 79,513 | ||||||||
| Other off-balance-sheet instruments: |
||||||||||||
| Commitments to extend credit |
43,564 | 14,732 | 1,077 | 59,373 | ||||||||
| Commercial letters of credit |
527 | 3 | — | 530 | ||||||||
| Commitments to make investments |
22 | 86 | 36 | 144 | ||||||||
| Others |
8 | — | — | 8 | ||||||||
| Total other off-balance-sheet instruments |
44,121 | 14,821 | 1,113 | 60,055 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 79,844 | ¥ | 53,102 | ¥ | 6,622 | ¥ | 139,568 | ||||
See Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report, for a description of the nature of our guarantees and other off-balance-sheet instruments.
The contractual amounts of these guarantees and other off-balance-sheet instruments represent the amounts at risk should the contracts be fully drawn upon with a subsequent default by our customer and a decline in the value of the underlying collateral. Because many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total contractual or notional amounts of these commitments do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements. At March 31, 2009, approximately 57% of these commitments will expire within one year, 38% from one year to five years and 5% after five years. Such risks are monitored and managed as a part of our risk management system as set forth in “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.” In addition, in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” we evaluate off-balance-sheet arrangements in the manner described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
In the aggregate, the income generated from fees and commissions is one of our most important sources of revenue, which amounted to ¥1,188.5 billion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. However, the fees generated specifically from off-balance-sheet arrangements are not a dominant source of our fees and commissions.
Some of our off-balance-sheet arrangements are related to activities of special purpose entities. Such arrangements include the following types of special purpose entities, most of which are variable interest entities, or VIEs.
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The following table presents, by type of VIE, the total assets of non-consolidated VIEs and the maximum exposures to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2008 and 2009. For further information, see Note 25 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| Significant Non-consolidated VIEs |
Assets | Maximum exposure |
Assets | Maximum exposure | ||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Asset-backed conduits |
¥ | 13,309.4 | ¥ | 1,991.5 | ¥ | 11,055.8 | ¥ | 2,091.1 | ||||
| Investment funds |
22,176.2 | 1,105.0 | 12,175.6 | 940.6 | ||||||||
| Special purpose entities created for structured financing |
8,262.3 | 2,145.1 | 12,328.7 | 1,816.5 | ||||||||
| Repackaged instruments |
82,485.9 | 2,365.5 | 57,393.6 | 1,823.5 | ||||||||
| Others |
9,509.1 | 2,022.4 | 8,907.0 | 1,612.9 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 135,742.9 | ¥ | 9,629.5 | ¥ | 101,860.7 | ¥ | 8,284.6 | ||||
We have off-balance sheet arrangements primarily with the following types of special purpose entities:
Asset-backed Conduits
This category primarily comprises the following:
Multi-seller Conduits (MUFG-sponsored Asset-backed Commercial Paper, or ABCP, Conduits and Other ABCP Conduits)
We administer several conduits under asset-backed financing programs under which the conduits purchase financial assets from our customers, primarily trade accounts receivables, by issuing short-term financing instruments, primarily commercial paper, to third-party investors. Under the asset-backed financing programs, we act as an agent for the conduits, which enter into agreements with our customers where the customers transfer assets to the conduits in exchange for monetary consideration. We also underwrite commercial paper for the conduits that is secured by the assets held by them and provide program-wide liquidity and credit support facilities to the conduits. We receive fees related to the services we provide to the conduits and the program-wide liquidity and credit support. Because of the program-wide credit support that we provide as a sponsor in respect to the financing by the conduits, we are exposed to the majority of the expected variability of the conduits. Therefore, we consider ourselves to be the primary beneficiary and consolidate the multi-seller conduits. While we have significant involvement with the conduits, we have never provided financial or any other support that are not contractually required to provide in the past. In addition, the assets purchased by the conduits are of high quality in their credit standing and mostly short-term in nature. Therefore, we believe the risks involved in these transactions are significantly limited relative to the transaction size.
In addition to the entities described above, we participate as a provider of financing to several conduits that are administered by third parties. Most of these conduits are established under a multi-seller asset-backed financing program and we provide financing along with other financial institutions. With respect to these conduits, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary because our participation in the financing is not significant relative to the total financing provided by third parties or there is sufficient funding or financial support that is subordinate to the financing provided by us.
Asset-backed Conduits (MUFG-sponsored Asset-backed Loan, or ABL, Programs and Other Programs)
We administer several conduits under asset-backed financing program where we provide financing to fund the conduits’ purchases of financial assets, comprising primarily of trade accounts receivables, from our customers. We act as an agent and sponsor for the conduits, which enter into agreements with our customers where the customers transfer assets to the conduits in exchange for monetary consideration. In most cases we are
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the sole provider of financing that is secured by the assets held by the conduits and because of this reason, we are considered as the primary beneficiary. We have never provided financial or any other support that are not contractually required to provide in the past. In addition, the assets purchased by the conduits are of high quality in their credit standing and mostly short-term in nature. Therefore, we believe the risks involved in these transactions are significantly limited relative to the transaction size.
In addition, we are involved with entities, which take in most cases, the form of a trust, where originators of financial assets, which primarily comprise lease receivables, entrust the assets with trust banks and receive beneficial certificates in exchange. The originators then transfer the beneficiary certificates to us in exchange for cash. Because we participate in a majority of the economics generated from these entities through the beneficiary certificates that we hold, we are considered as the primary beneficiary and we consolidate these trusts.
We also participate as a provider of financing the ABL programs that are managed by third parties. We are not considered as the primary beneficiary of the entities used in these programs as our participation to financing is not significant relative to the total financing provided by the third parties or there is sufficient funding or financial support that is subordinate to the financing provided by us.
Investment Funds
This category primarily comprises the following:
Corporate Recovery Funds
These entities are established by fund managers, which are unrelated to us for the purpose of investing in debt or equity instruments issued by distressed companies. After investment, the fund managers work closely with the management of the issuers and attempt to enhance corporate value by various means including corporate restructuring and reorganization. Their exit strategies include, among other things, sales to others and Initial Public Offerings, or IPOs.
Typically, these entities take the form of a limited partnership which is entirely funded by general and limited partner interests. In some cases, the general partners of the partnerships are entities that have no substantive decision making ability. The fund managers that establish these partnerships assume investment management and day-to-day operation by entering into asset management contracts with the general partners. These partnerships are, therefore, financing vehicles and as such are considered as VIEs. In other cases, the general partners have substantive decision making ability but the partnerships are considered as VIEs when the general partners’ investments in the partnerships are considered as non-substantive, usually based on the percentage interest held, and they do not have substantive limited partner interests.
We participate in these partnerships as a limited partner. While our share in partnership interests is limited in most cases, we are the only limited partner in some cases and we consolidate these partnerships as the primary beneficiary.
Our non-voting interests in these funds amounted to ¥34.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and ¥20.2 billion at March 31, 2009, respectively. In addition, at March 31, 2009, we had commitments to make additional contributions up to ¥9.8 billion to these funds.
Private Equity Funds
We are involved in venture capital funds that are established by either our group entities or fund managers unrelated to us. These entities have specific investment objectives in connection with their acquisition of equity interests, such as providing financing and other support to start-up businesses, medium and small entities in a particular geographical area, and to companies with certain technology or companies in a high-growth industry.
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These entities typically take the form of limited partnerships and usually are entirely funded by general and limited partner interests. The general partners of the partnerships in some cases are entities that have no substantive decision making ability. The fund managers that establish these partnerships assume investment management and day-to-day operation by entering into asset management contracts with the general partners. These partnerships are therefore financing vehicles and as such are considered as VIEs. In other cases, the general partners have substantive decision making ability and the partnerships are considered as VIEs even when the general partners’ investments in the partnerships are considered as non-substantive, usually based on the percentage interest held, and they do not have substantive limited partner interests.
We participate in these partnerships as a general partner or a limited partner. While our share in partnership interests is limited in most cases, we provide most of the financing to the partnerships in some cases and we consolidate them as the primary beneficiary.
We made contributions to these funds amounting to ¥12.3 billion at March 31, 2009. At March 31, 2009, in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements, we had commitments to make additional contributions up to ¥5.3 billion when required by the fund management companies.
Investment Trusts
We invest in investment trusts that are professionally managed collective investment schemes which pool money from many investors and invest in, among others, equity and debt securities. Most of these funds take the form of a trust where there is a separation in investment decisions, which is assumed by an investment manager who has no investment in a trust, and ownership through beneficiary interests issued by a trust are owned by investors. Therefore, these investment trusts are considered as VIEs. We consolidate investment trusts when we own a majority of the interests issued by investment trusts.
Buy-out Financing Vehicles
We provide financing to buy-out vehicles. The vehicles are established by equity investment from, among others, private equity funds or the management of target companies for the purpose of purchasing equity shares of target companies. Along with other financial institutions, we provide financing to buy-out vehicles in the form of loans. While the buy-out vehicles’ equity is normally substantive in amount and the rights and obligations associated with it, in some cases the vehicles have equity that is insufficient to absorb variability primarily because the amount provided by equity investors is nominal in nature. These vehicles are considered as VIEs and an assessment as to whether we are the primary beneficiary is required. In most cases, however, we mitigate our risk by requiring third-party guarantees with collateral or reducing our exposure to an adequate level by providing loans as one of several lenders. As a result, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities.
Special Purpose Entities Created for Structured Financing
This category primarily comprises the following:
Leveraged Leasing Vehicles
These entities are established to raise funds to purchase or build equipment and machinery including commercial vessels, passenger and cargo aircrafts, production equipment and other machinery, for the purpose of leasing them to lessees who use the equipment and machinery as part of their business operations. These entities typically take the form of a limited partnership or a special purpose company where they fund their purchases of equipment and machinery via senior and subordinate financing. In some cases, the entities are funded only by senior financing or there is a guarantee provided to the senior financing by parties unrelated to those providing the senior financing. In most cases, we participate in the senior financing and do not participate in the
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subordinate financing or provide guarantees. The subordinate financing or the third-party guarantee is substantive and would absorb expected variability generated by the assets held by the entities. In exceptional cases where there is no guarantee from a third-party or there is not sufficient subordinate financing, we consolidate the entities as the primary beneficiary. In some limited cases, we provide a residual value guarantee to the leased assets. Based on expected loss analysis, we determined that we do not participate in the majority of expected variability of the entities involved and do not consolidate these entities.
Project Financing Vehicles
These entities are established to raise funds in connection with, among other things, production of natural resources, construction and development of urban infrastructure (including power plants and grids, highways and ports), and the development of real estate properties or complexes. These projects typically involve special purpose companies which issue senior and subordinate financing to raise funds in connection with the various projects. The subordinate financing is usually provided by parties that will ultimately make use of the assets constructed or developed. By contrast, the senior financing is typically provided by financial institutions, including us. Because our participation in the financing is limited or there is sufficient subordinate financing, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities and do not consolidate these entities.
Sale and Leaseback Vehicles
We are involved with vehicles that acquire assets, primarily real estate, from our clients and other unrelated parties where the sellers of the assets continue to use the assets through leaseback agreements. These vehicles typically take the form of a limited partnership where the general partner has effectively no decision making ability because an equity holder of the general partner serves a perfunctory role. Therefore, these vehicles are considered as VIEs. The subordinated financing of these vehicles is usually provided by the sellers of the assets, with our providing senior financing for the vehicles. The subordinated financing of these entities absorbs the expected variability generated from the assets held and as such, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary.
Securitization of Client Real Estate Properties
These entities are established for the purpose of securitizing real estate properties held by our customers. In most cases, these entities take the form of a limited partnership or a special purpose company. These entities are designed to have non-substantive decision making ability because the general partner or an equity holder serves a perfunctory role. The entities are typically funded by senior and subordinated financing where the original owners of the properties provide the subordinated financing, primarily in the form of partnership interests or subordinated notes, and financial institutions, including us, provide senior financing in the form of senior loans. The subordinated financing of these entities absorbs the expected variability generated from the assets held and as such, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary.
Repackaged Instruments
This category primarily comprises the following:
Investments in Financially-Engineered Products
We are involved in special purpose entities that have been established to issue financial products through the engineering and repackaging of existing financial instruments, such as collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, and synthetic CDOs. These special purpose entities are considered as VIEs because they do not have substantive decision making ability. These special purpose entities are arranged and managed by parties that are not related to us. Our involvement with these entities is for investment purposes. In most cases, we participate as one of many other investors and we typically hold investments in senior tranches or tranches with high credit ratings. Therefore, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary except in limited circumstances where we hold the majority of instruments issued by a single-tranche vehicle.
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Investments in Securitized Financial Instruments
We hold investments in special purpose entities that issue securitized financial products. The assets held by the special purpose entities include credit card receivables and residential mortgage loans. These entities are established and managed by parties that are unrelated to us and our involvement with these entities is for our own investment purposes. In all cases, we participate as one of many other investors and we hold investments with high credit ratings. Therefore, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities.
Others
This category primarily comprises the following:
Financing Vehicles of our Customers
We are involved with several entities that are established by our customers. These entities borrow funds from financial institutions and extend loans to their group entities. These entities effectively work as fund-raising vehicles for their respective group companies and enable the groups to achieve efficient financing by integrating their financing activities into a single entity. In all cases we are not considered as the primary beneficiary, either because we participate as one of two or more lenders, and therefore, our participation is less than a majority, and/or there is a substantive third-party guarantee provided with respect to our loans.
Funding Vehicles
We have established several wholly-owned, off-shore vehicles which issue securities, typically preferred stock that is fully guaranteed by us, to investors unrelated to us to fund purchases of debt instruments issued by us. These entities are considered as VIEs because our investment in the vehicles’ equity is not considered at risk and substantive as the entire amount raised by the vehicles was used to purchase debt instruments issued by us. As the third-party investors participate in the economics of these financing vehicles, as well as the vehicles themselves, these financing vehicles are not considered as our subsidiaries.
Securitization of our Assets
We establish entities to securitize our own financial assets that include, among others, corporate and retail loans and lease receivables. The entities used for securitization, which typically take the form of special purpose companies and trusts, are established by us and, in most cases, issue senior and subordinate interests or financing. Where we retain subordinate interests or financing, we are considered as the primary beneficiary of the entities and we consolidate them. In some cases, all financing is provided by us but there is a substantive third-party guarantee, or most of the interests or financing issued by the entities is transferred to investors unrelated to us. In these cases we do not consider ourselves as the primary beneficiary.
Trust Arrangements
We offer, primarily through our wholly-owned trust banking subsidiary, MUTB, a variety of trust products and services including securities investment trusts, pension trusts and trusts used as securitization vehicles. In a typical trust arrangement, however, we manage and administer assets on behalf of the customers in an agency, fiduciary and trust capacity and do not assume risks associated with the entrusted assets. The trusts are generally considered as VIEs because the trust beneficiaries, who provide all of the equity at risk, usually do not have substantive decision making ability. We, however, are not considered as the primary beneficiary because the trust beneficiaries receive and absorb expected losses and residual returns on the performance and operations of trust assets under management by us.
With respect to the jointly operated designated money in trusts, however, MUTB is exposed to the risks involved with the entrusted assets, where MUTB provides the trust beneficiaries with guarantees on the repayment of trust principal through face value guarantees. In these products, MUTB pools money from general
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investors and invests it in financial assets that are of high credit standing, including bank deposits, government bonds, high-quality corporate bonds and high-quality corporate loans including loans to banking account of MUTB. MUTB manages and administers the trust assets in the capacity of a trustee and receives fees as compensation for services it provides. With respect to most of the jointly operated designated money in trusts, MUTB provides, as a sponsor of the products, the face value guarantees under which it is required to compensate a loss on the stated principal of the trust beneficial interests. MUTB is not considered as the primary beneficiary of these products because the event of loss is highly remote and in fact the face value guarantee has never been called upon in the trusts’ operational history that extends over decades. In addition, the trusts have substantial investments in loans to banking account of MUTB and MUTB’s face value guarantee is considered as non-substantive to the extent of the self guarantee.
Fees on trust products that we offer for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 were ¥156.4 billion and ¥125.5 billion, respectively.
Troubled Borrowers
During the normal course of business, our borrowers may experience financial difficulties and sometimes enter into certain transactions that require us to assess whether they would be considered as VIEs due to their difficult financial position. While in most cases such borrowers are not considered as VIEs when the transactions take place, in limited circumstances they are considered as VIEs due to insufficient equity. In all cases, however, we are not considered as the primary beneficiary based on our assessment of scenario-based probability-weighted cash flows analysis.
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of our business, we enter into contractual agreements whereby we commit to future purchases of products or services from unaffiliated parties. The following table shows a summary of our contractual cash obligations at March 31, 2009:
| Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year |
1-3 years | 3-5 years | Over 5 years |
Total | |||||||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||||||||||
| Contractual cash obligations: |
|||||||||||||||
| Time deposit obligations |
¥ | 48,918 | ¥ | 9,408 | ¥ | 1,454 | ¥ | 126 | ¥ | 59,906 | |||||
| Long-term debt obligations |
1,444 | 3,047 | 1,783 | 6,934 | 13,208 | ||||||||||
| Capital lease obligations |
25 | 31 | 6 | 3 | 65 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations |
44 | 61 | 33 | 67 | 205 | ||||||||||
| Purchase obligations |
16 | 20 | 55 | 35 | 126 | ||||||||||
| Total(1)(2) |
¥ | 50,447 | ¥ | 12,567 | ¥ | 3,331 | ¥ | 7,165 | ¥ | 73,510 | |||||
Notes:
| (1) | The total amount of expected future pension payments is not included in the above table or the total amount of commitments outstanding at March 31, 2009 as such amount is not currently determinable. We expect to contribute approximately ¥49.2 billion for pension and other benefits for our employees for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2010. For further information, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. |
| (2) | The above table does not include unrecognized tax benefits and interest and penalties related to income tax associated with FIN No. 48. For further information, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. |
Purchase obligations include any legally binding contractual obligations that require us to spend more than ¥100 million annually under the contract. Purchase obligations in the table primarily include commitments to make investments into corporate recovery or private equity investment funds.
See the discussion under “Forward-Looking Statements.”
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| Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees. |
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth the members of our board of directors as of July 31, 2009, together with their respective dates of birth, positions and experience:
| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| Ryosuke Tamakoshi (July 10, 1947) |
Chairman |
May 1970 June 1997 June 1999 April 2000 July 2001 January 2002 |
Joined Sanwa Bank Director of Sanwa Bank Senior Executive Officer of Sanwa Bank President of Sanwa Bank California President of United California Bank Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | |||
| March 2002 |
Retired from President of United California Bank | |||||
| May 2002 |
Deputy President and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | |||||
| June 2002 May 2004 June 2004 October 2005 January 2006 April 2008 |
Deputy President of UFJ Bank Chairman of UFJ Bank President and CEO of UFJ Holdings Chairman of MUFG (incumbent) Deputy Chairman of BTMU Retired from Deputy Chairman of BTMU | |||||
| Haruya Uehara (July 25, 1946) |
Deputy Chairman and Chief Audit Officer |
April 1969 June 1996 June 1998 June 2001 |
Joined Mitsubishi Trust Bank Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank Senior Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||
| June 2002 June 2003 April 2004 June 2004 October 2005 |
Deputy President of Mitsubishi Trust Bank Director of MTFG President of Mitsubishi Trust Bank Chairman and Co-CEO of MTFG Deputy Chairman and Chief Audit Officer of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2008 |
President of MUTB Chairman of MUTB (incumbent) | |||||
| Nobuo Kuroyanagi (December 18, 1941) |
President and CEO |
April 1965 June 1992 April 1996 June 1996 |
Joined Mitsubishi Bank Director of Mitsubishi Bank Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||
| June 2001 | Non-Board Member Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2002 June 2003 June 2004 |
Deputy President of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Director of MTFG President of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi President and CEO of MTFG | |||||
| October 2005 | President and CEO of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| January 2006 April 2008 |
President of BTMU Chairman of BTMU (incumbent) | |||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| Kyota Omori (March 14, 1948) |
Deputy President and Chief Compliance Officer |
April 1972 | Joined Mitsubishi Bank | |||
| June 1999 | Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2001 | Non-Board Member Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2003 | Non-Board Member Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2003 | Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2004 | Non-Board Member Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2005 | Managing Officer of MTFG | |||||
| October 2005 | Managing Officer of MUFG | |||||
| January 2006 | Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| October 2007 | Senior Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| April 2008 | Retired from Senior Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| Senior Managing Officer of MUFG | ||||||
| June 2008 | Deputy President and Chief Compliance Officer of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| Saburo Sano (May 24, 1949) |
Senior Managing Director and Chief Risk Management Officer |
April 1973 | Joined Bank of Tokyo | |||
| June 2000 | Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2001 | Non-Board Member Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2004 | Non-Board Member Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| January 2006 | Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| April 2008 | Retired from Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| Senior Managing Officer of MUFG | ||||||
| June 2008 | Director of MUS (incumbent) | |||||
| Senior Managing Director and Chief Risk Management Officer of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Hiroshi Saito (July 13, 1951) |
Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer |
April 1974 | Joined Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||
| June 2002 | Director (Non-Board Member Director) of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| October 2005 | Executive Officer of MUTB | |||||
| June 2006 | Managing Director of MUTB | |||||
| May 2007 | Managing Officer of MUFG | |||||
| June 2007 | Retired from Managing Director of MUTB Director of BTMU (incumbent) | |||||
| Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Nobushige Kamei (November 20, 1952) |
Senior Managing Director and Chief Planning Officer |
April 1975 | Joined Sanwa Bank | |||
| January 2002 | Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | |||||
| May 2004 | Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | |||||
| January 2006 | Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| May 2009 | Retired from Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| Senior Managing Officer of MUFG | ||||||
| June 2009 | Director of MUTB (incumbent) Senior Managing Director and Chief Planning Officer of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| Shintaro Yasuda |
Director | April 1970 June 1998 June 1999 May 2000 |
Joined Toyo Trust Bank Director of Toyo Trust Bank Executive Officer of Toyo Trust Bank Senior Executive Officer of Toyo Trust Bank | |||
| June 2000 March 2001 |
Managing Director of Toyo Trust Bank Retired from Managing Director of Toyo Trust Bank | |||||
| April 2001 | Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Holdings | |||||
| January 2002 | Retired from Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Holdings Director and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Trust Bank | |||||
| May 2003 | Deputy President and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Trust Bank | |||||
| May 2004 June 2004 October 2005 |
President of UFJ Trust Bank Director of UFJ Holdings Director of MUFG (incumbent) Deputy President of MUTB | |||||
| June 2008 | Deputy Chairman of MUTB (incumbent) | |||||
| Katsunori Nagayasu |
Director | May 1970 June 1997 June 2000 |
Joined Mitsubishi Bank Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Retired from Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Managing Director of Nippon Trust Bank | |||
| April 2001 October 2001 |
Director of MTFG Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| June 2002 | Retired from Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| April 2004 | Director and Managing Officer of MTFG | |||||
| June 2004 January 2005 |
Managing Officer of MTFG Senior Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2005 |
Deputy President of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| October 2005 December 2005 |
Managing Officer of MUFG Retired from Managing Officer of MUFG | |||||
| January 2006 June 2006 April 2008 |
Deputy President of BTMU Deputy President of MUFG Director of MUFG (incumbent) President of BTMU (incumbent) | |||||
| Fumiyuki Akikusa |
Director | April 1972 June 2000 June 2001 |
Joined Mitsubishi Bank Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Non-Board Member Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||
| May 2003 |
Non-Board Member Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| May 2004 June 2004 |
Managing Officer of MTFG Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2005 | Retired from Managing Officer of MTFG | |||||
| June 2005 | Retired from Managing Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Senior Managing Director and Principal Executive Officer of Mitsubishi Securities | |||||
| October 2005 | Director and Principal Executive Officer of MUS | |||||
| June 2006 | Deputy President of MUS Director of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2008 | President of MUS (incumbent) | |||||
| Kazuo Takeuchi |
Director | April 1973 |
Joined Tokai Bank | |||
| April 1999 | Executive Officer of Tokai Bank | |||||
| June 1999 | Director of Tokai Bank | |||||
| March 2001 | Retired from Director of Tokai Bank | |||||
| April 2001 | Executive Officer of UFJ Holdings | |||||
| January 2002 | Retired from Executive Officer of UFJ Holdings | |||||
| Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | ||||||
| May 2005 | Retired from Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank | |||||
| June 2005 | Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Tsubasa Securities | |||||
| October 2005 | Senior Executive Officer of MUS | |||||
| June 2008 | Senior Managing Director of MUS (incumbent) | |||||
| Director of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Kinya Okauchi |
Director | April 1974 |
Joined Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||
| June 2001 | Director (Non-Board Member Director) of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| April 2003 | Managing Director (Non-Board Member Director) of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| March 2004 | Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| June 2004 | Director of MTFG | |||||
| June 2005 | Senior Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||||
| October 2005 | Director of MUFG | |||||
| Senior Managing Director of MUTB | ||||||
| June 2007 | Managing Officer of MUFG | |||||
| June 2008 | President of MUTB (incumbent) | |||||
| Director of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Kaoru Wachi |
Director | April 1978 | Joined Mitsubishi Trust Bank | |||
| April 2004 | General Manager of Asset Management and Administration Planning Division of MTFG | |||||
| June 2005 | Executive Officer of MTFG | |||||
| Director (Non-Board Member Director) of Mitsubishi Trust Bank | ||||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| October 2005 | Executive Officer of MUFG | |||||
| Executive Officer of MUTB | ||||||
| June 2008 | Managing Director of MUTB (incumbent) | |||||
| Director of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Takashi Oyamada |
Director | April 1979 | Joined Mitsubishi Bank | |||
| May 2004 | General Manager of Corporate Policy Division of MTFG | |||||
| Co-General Manager of Corporate Planning Office of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | ||||||
| July 2004 | Co-General Manager of Corporate Policy Division of MTFG | |||||
| June 2005 | Executive Officer of MTFG | |||||
| Non-Board Member Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | ||||||
| October 2005 | Executive Officer of MUFG | |||||
| January 2006 | Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| January 2009 | Managing Executive Officer of BTMU | |||||
| June 2009 | Managing Director of BTMU (incumbent) | |||||
| Director of MUFG (incumbent) | ||||||
| Akio Harada |
Director | April 1965 | Public Prosecutor, Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office | |||
| April 1988 | General Manager of Personnel Division, Minister’s Secretariat, Ministry of Justice | |||||
| April 1992 | Chief Public Prosecutor, Morioka District Public Prosecutors Office | |||||
| December 1993 | Deputy Vice Minister, Ministry of Justice | |||||
| January 1996 | Director General of Criminal Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Justice | |||||
| June 1998 | Administrative Vice Minister, Ministry of Justice | |||||
| December 1999 | Chief Prosecutor, Tokyo High Prosecutors Office | |||||
| July 2001 | Prosecutor General | |||||
| June 2004 | Retired from Prosecutor General | |||||
| October 2004 | Admitted to the Bar Joined the Dai-Ichi Tokyo Bar Association Attorney at law at Hironaka Law Office (incumbent) | |||||
| July 2005 | President of Tokyo Woman’s Christian University (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2006 | Director of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| Ryuji Araki |
Director | April 1962 | Joined the Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. | |||
| September 1992 | Director, Member of the Board of Toyota Motor Corporation (“Toyota”) | |||||
| June 1997 | Managing Director, Member of the Board of Toyota | |||||
| June 1999 | Senior Managing Director, Member of the Board of Toyota | |||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| June 2001 | Vice President, Member of the Board and Representative Director of Toyota | |||||
| June 2002 | Auditor of Aioi Insurance Company, Limited (“Aioi Insurance”) | |||||
| June 2005 | Senior Advisor to the Board of Toyota Chairman and Representative Director of Aioi Insurance Chairman of Toyota Financial Corporation. (“TFS”) | |||||
| June 2007 | Advisor of TFS (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2008 | Advisor of Toyota (incumbent) Advisor of Aioi Insurance (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2009 | Director of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| Takuma Otoshi |
Director | July 1971 | Joined IBM Japan, Ltd. (“IBM Japan”) | |||
| March 1994 | Director of IBM Japan | |||||
| March 1997 | Managing Director of IBM Japan | |||||
| December 1999 | President of IBM Japan | |||||
| June 2004 | Director of MTFG | |||||
| October 2005 | Director of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| April 2008 | President and Chairman of IBM Japan | |||||
| January 2009 | Chairman of IBM Japan (incumbent) | |||||
| The following table sets forth our corporate auditors as of July 31, 2009, together with their respective dates of birth, positions and experience: | ||||||
| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| Shota Yasuda |
Corporate Auditor |
July 1971 |
Joined Mitsubishi Bank | |||
| (July 23, 1948) |
(Full-Time) |
June 1998 | Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||
| June 2001 | Non-Board Member Director of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| May 2002 | Managing Director (Non-Board Member Director) of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| January 2006 | Senior Managing Director of BTMU | |||||
| June 2007 | Retired from Senior Managing Director of BTMU Corporate Auditor (Full-Time) of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| Tetsuo Maeda (June 10, 1951) |
Corporate Auditor (Full-Time) |
April 1974 May 2000 January 2002 May 2003 September 2004 |
Joined Toyo Trust Bank Executive Officer of Toyo Trust Bank Executive Officer of UFJ Trust Bank Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Trust Bank Director and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Trust Bank | |||
| October 2005 June 2006 June 2009 |
Managing Director of MUTB Senior Managing Director of MUTB Retired from Senior Managing Director of MUTB Corporate Auditor (Full-Time) of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
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| Name (Date of Birth) |
Position in MUFG |
Business Experience | ||||
| Tsutomu Takasuka (February 11, 1942) |
Corporate Auditor |
April 1967 | Became a member of the Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants | |||
| June 1985 February 1990 September 2002 April 2004 |
Partner at Mita Audit Corporation Partner at Tohmatsu & Co. Resigned Tohmatsu & Co. Professor, Department of Business Administration, Bunkyo Gakuin University (incumbent) | |||||
| October 2004 |
Full-time Corporate Auditor of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi | |||||
| June 2005 October 2005 January 2006 |
Corporate Auditor of MTFG Corporate Auditor of MUFG (incumbent) Full-time Corporate Auditor of BTMU (incumbent) | |||||
| Kunie Okamoto (September 11, 1944) |
Corporate Auditor |
June 1969 | Joined Nippon Life Insurance Company (“Nippon Life”) | |||
| July 1995 March 1999 March 2002 April 2005 June 2005 October 2005 |
Director of Nippon Life Managing Director of Nippon Life Senior Managing Director of Nippon Life President of Nippon Life (incumbent) Corporate Auditor of UFJ Holdings Corporate Auditor of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
| Yasushi Ikeda (April 18, 1946) |
Corporate Auditor |
April 1972 |
Admitted to the Bar Joined the Tokyo Bar Association | |||
| April 1977 |
Partner of the law firm Miyake Imai & Ikeda (incumbent) | |||||
| June 2009 |
Corporate Auditor of MUFG (incumbent) | |||||
The board of directors and corporate auditors may be contacted through our headquarters at Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8330, Japan.
All directors and corporate auditors were elected at a general meeting of shareholders. The regular term of office of a director is one year from the date of election, and the regular term of office of a corporate auditor is four years from the date of assumption of office. Directors and corporate auditors may serve their terms until the close of the annual general meeting of shareholders held in the last year of their terms. Directors and corporate auditors may serve any number of consecutive terms. No family relationship exists among any of our directors or corporate auditors. None of our directors is party to a service contract with MUFG or any of its subsidiaries that provides for benefits upon termination of employment.
B. Compensation
The aggregate amount of remuneration, including bonuses but excluding retirement allowances, paid by MUFG and its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 to our directors and corporate auditors was ¥1,196 million and ¥151 million, respectively.
Prior to June 28, 2007, in accordance with customary Japanese practice, when a director or corporate auditor retired, a proposal to pay a retirement allowance was submitted at the annual ordinary general meeting of shareholders for approval. The retirement allowance consisted of a one-time payment of a portion of the allowance paid at the time of retirement and periodic payments of the remaining amount for a prescribed number of years. After the shareholders’ approval was obtained, the retirement allowance for a director or corporate auditor was fixed by the board of directors or by consultation among the corporate auditors in accordance with our internal regulations and practice and generally reflected the position of the director or corporate auditor at the time of retirement, the length of his service as a director or corporate auditor and his contribution to our
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performance. MUFG did not set aside reserves for any retirement payments for directors and corporate auditors made under this practice. Pursuant to a one-time shareholders’ approval in June 2007 for the retirement allowances to be paid to the directors and corporate auditors who were elected prior to that date at the time of their retirement, the aggregate amount of retirement allowance paid by MUFG and its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 to our directors and corporate auditors who have retired from their respective positions held at MUFG or, if such directors and corporate auditors concurrently held positions at MUFG’s subsidiaries, who have retired from such positions, was ¥124 million and ¥1 million, respectively.
As part of our compensation structure, on June 28, 2007, our shareholders approved the creation of a stock-based compensation plan for our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. On November 21, 2007, the board of directors adopted a plan entitled “First Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” for our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on December 6, 2007, we allotted an aggregate of 3,224 stock acquisition rights to our directors and an aggregate of 493 stock acquisition rights to our corporate auditors for their respective services to MUFG and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per share of common stock. The stock acquisition rights were subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until December 5, 2037, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service as a director or corporate auditor terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥103,200.
As part of our compensation structure, on June 27, 2008, the board of directors adopted another stock-based compensation plan entitled “Second Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” for our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on July 15, 2008, we allotted an aggregate of 4,690 stock acquisition rights to our directors and an aggregate of 495 stock acquisition rights to our corporate auditors for their respective services to MUFG and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per share of common stock. The stock acquisition rights are subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until July 14, 2038, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service as a director, corporate auditor or officer terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥92,300.
As part of our compensation structure, on June 26, 2009, the board of directors adopted another stock-based compensation plan entitled “Third Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” for our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on July 14, 2009, we allotted an aggregate of 6,466 stock acquisition rights to our directors and an aggregate of 872 stock acquisition rights to our corporate auditors for their respective services to MUFG and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per share of common stock. The stock acquisition rights are subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until July 13, 2039, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service as a director, corporate auditor or officer terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥48,700.
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As of July 31, 2009, our directors and corporate auditors held the following numbers of shares of our common stock:
| Directors |
Number of Shares Registered | |
| Ryosuke Tamakoshi |
58,330 | |
| Haruya Uehara |
16,320 | |
| Nobuo Kuroyanagi |
33,716 | |
| Kyota Omori |
12,300 | |
| Saburo Sano |
25,500 | |
| Hiroshi Saito |
7,240 | |
| Nobushige Kamei |
71,080 | |
| Shintaro Yasuda |
11,910 | |
| Katsunori Nagayasu |
7,440 | |
| Fumiyuki Akikusa |
15,146 | |
| Kazuo Takeuchi |
16,420 | |
| Kinya Okauchi |
11,500 | |
| Kaoru Wachi |
3,800 | |
| Takashi Oyamada |
9,850 | |
| Akio Harada |
— | |
| Ryuji Araki |
— | |
| Takuma Otoshi |
3,000 |
| Corporate Auditors |
Number of Shares Registered | |
| Shota Yasuda |
19,150 | |
| Tetsuo Maeda |
8,473 | |
| Tsutomu Takasuka |
— | |
| Kunie Okamoto |
536 | |
| Yasushi Ikeda |
— |
C. Board Practices
Our Articles of Incorporation provide for a board of directors of not more than twenty members and not more than seven corporate auditors. Our corporate officers are responsible for executing our business operations, and our directors oversee these officers and set our fundamental strategies.
We currently have seventeen directors. Our board of directors has ultimate responsibility for the administration of our affairs. By resolution, our board of directors shall appoint, from the directors, representative directors who may represent us severally. Our board of directors shall appoint a president and may also appoint a chairman, deputy chairmen, deputy presidents, senior managing directors and managing directors from their members by resolution. Deputy presidents assist the president, and senior managing directors and managing directors assist the president and deputy presidents, if any, in the management of our day-by-day operations.
We currently have three outside directors as members of our board of directors. Under the Company Law, an outside director is defined as a person who has never been an executive director, executive officer, manager or any other type of employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries prior to his or her appointment.
Under the Company Law, a resolution of the board of directors is required if any director wishes to engage in any business that is in competition with us or any transaction with us excluding those in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, no director may vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which that director is deemed to have a specific interest.
Neither the Company Law nor our Articles of Incorporation contain special provisions as to the borrowing power exercisable by a director, the retirement age of our directors and corporate auditors or a requirement of our directors and corporate auditors to hold any shares of our capital stock.
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The Company Law requires a resolution of the board of directors for a company to determine the execution of important businesses, to acquire or dispose of material assets, to borrow substantial amounts of money, to employ or discharge managers and other important employees, and to establish, change or abolish branch offices or other material corporate organizations, to float bonds, to establish internal control systems, and to exempt a director from liability to the company in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
We currently have five corporate auditors, including three outside corporate auditors. An outside corporate auditor is defined under the Company Law as a person who has not served as a director, account assistant, executive officer, manager or any other type of employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries prior to his or her appointment.
Our corporate auditors, who are not required to be certified public accountants, have various statutory duties, including principally:
| • | the examination of the financial statements, business reports, proposals and other documents which our board of directors prepares and submits to a general meeting of shareholders; |
| • | the examination of our directors’ administration of our affairs; and |
| • | the preparation and submission of a report on their examination to a general meeting of shareholders. |
Our corporate auditors are obligated to attend meetings of our board of directors, and to make statements at the meetings if they deem necessary, although they are not entitled to vote at the meetings. Our corporate auditors comprise the board of corporate auditors, which determines matters relating to the performance of audits. The Company Law provides that a company that has or is required to have a board of corporate auditors must have three or more corporate auditors, and at least half of the corporate auditors must be outside corporate auditors. In a company that has or is required to have a board of corporate auditors, one or more of the corporate auditors must be designated by the board of corporate auditors to serve on a full-time basis.
Under the Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation, we may exempt, by resolution of the board of directors, our directors and corporate auditors from liabilities to the company arising in connection with their failure to execute their duties without gross negligence, within the limits stipulated by applicable laws and regulations. In addition, we have entered into a liability limitation agreement with each outside director and outside corporate auditor which limits the maximum amount of their liability to the company arising in connection with a failure to execute their duties without gross negligence to the greater of either ¥10 million or the aggregate sum of the amounts prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 425 of the Company Law and Articles 113 and 114 of the Company Law Enforcement Regulations.
The Company Law permits two types of governance systems for large companies, including MUFG. The first system is for companies with corporate auditors, and the other is for companies with audit, nomination and compensation committees. We have elected to adopt a corporate governance system based on corporate auditors.
Under the Company Law, if a company has corporate auditors, the company is not obligated to have any outside directors or to have any audit, nomination or compensation committees. Although we have adopted a board of corporate auditors, we have three outside directors as part of our efforts to further enhance corporate governance. In an effort to further enhance our corporate governance, we have also voluntarily established a internal audit and compliance committee and a nomination and compensation committee to support our board of directors.
Internal Audit and Compliance Committee. The internal audit and compliance committee, a majority of which is comprised of outside directors and specialists, deliberates important matters relating to internal audits, internal control of financial information, financial audits, compliance, corporate risk management, and other internal control systems. This committee makes reports and proposals to the board of directors about important matters for deliberation and necessary improvement measures. We aim to enhance the effectiveness of internal
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audit functions by utilizing the external view points provided by the internal audit and compliance committee members. The chairman of the internal audit and compliance committee is Akio Harada, who is an outside director. The other members of this committee are Ryuji Araki, an outside director, Kouji Tajika, a certified public accountant, Yoshinari Tsutsumi, an attorney-at-law, and Haruya Uehara, a deputy chairman and the chief audit officer. The internal audit and compliance committee met fourteen times between April 2008 and March 2009.
Nomination and Compensation Committee. The nomination and compensation committee was established through the integration of the nomination committee and the compensation committee on June 27, 2008. Prior to the integration, the nomination committee, a majority of which was comprised of outside directors, deliberated matters relating to the appointment and dismissal of our directors and the directors of our subsidiaries. The nomination committee met one time between April 2008 and June 2008. The compensation committee, a majority of which was also comprised of outside directors, deliberated matters relating to the compensation framework of our directors and the directors of our subsidiaries, as well as the compensation of our top management and the top management of our subsidiaries. The compensation committee met five times between April 2008 and June 2008. The integrated nomination and compensation committee has assumed the responsibilities of the two former committees and met two times between July 2008 and March 2009. The nomination and compensation committee makes reports and proposals to the board of directors about important matters for deliberation and necessary improvement measures. The chairman of the nomination and compensation committee is Takuma Otoshi, an outside director. The other members of this committee are Akio Harada, Ryuji Araki, and Nobuo Kuroyanagi, President and CEO.
For additional information on our board practices and the significant differences in corporate governance practices between MUFG and US companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, see “—A. Directors and Senior Management.” and “Item 16.G. Corporate Governance.”
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D. Employees
As of March 31, 2009, we had approximately 79,500 employees, an increase of approximately 1,200 employees compared with the number of employees as of March 31, 2008. In addition, as of March 31, 2009, we had approximately 42,600 part-time and temporary employees. The following tables show the percentages of our employees in our different business units and in different locations as of March 31, 2009:
| Business unit |
|||
| Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ: |
|||
| Retail Banking Business Unit |
19 | % | |
| Corporate Banking Business Unit |
12 | ||
| Global Business Unit |
24 | ||
| Global Markets Unit |
1 | ||
| Operations and Systems Unit |
9 | ||
| Corporate Center/Independent Divisions |
5 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation: |
|||
| Trust-Banking |
6 | ||
| Trust Assets |
2 | ||
| Real Estate |
2 | ||
| Global Markets |
1 | ||
| Administration and subsidiaries |
3 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities: |
|||
| Sales Marketing Business Unit |
6 | ||
| Global Investment Banking Business Unit |
0 | ||
| Global Markets Business Unit |
1 | ||
| International Business Unit |
1 | ||
| Corporate Center and Others |
3 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS: |
|||
| Business Marketing Division |
2 | ||
| Credit Risk Management & Risk Assets Administration Division |
1 | ||
| Operations Division |
1 | ||
| Systems Division |
0 | ||
| Corporate Division |
1 | ||
| Others |
0 | ||
| 100 | % | ||
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| Location |
|||
| Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ: |
|||
| Japan |
46 | % | |
| United States |
15 | ||
| Europe |
2 | ||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
7 | ||
| Other areas |
0 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation: |
|||
| Japan |
13 | ||
| United States |
0 | ||
| Europe |
1 | ||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
0 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ Securities: |
|||
| Japan |
10 | ||
| United States |
0 | ||
| Europe |
1 | ||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
0 | ||
| Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS: |
|||
| Japan |
5 | ||
| United States |
0 | ||
| Europe |
0 | ||
| Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
0 | ||
| Others |
0 | ||
| 100 | % | ||
Most of our employees are members of our employees’ union, which negotiates on behalf of employees in relation to remuneration and working conditions. We believe our labor relations to be good.
E. Share Ownership
The information required by this item is set forth in “—B. Compensation.”
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| Item 7. | Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions. |
A. Major Shareholders
Common Stock
As of March 31, 2009, we had 665,597 registered shareholders of our common stock. The ten largest holders of our common stock appearing on the register of shareholders as of March 31, 2009, and the number and the percentage of such shares held by them, were as follows:
| Name |
Number of shares held |
Percentage of total shares in issue |
|||
| Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. (Trust account)(1) |
671,885,900 | 5.76 | % | ||
| Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. (Trust account 4G)(1) |
635,316,500 | 5.45 | |||
| The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. (Trust account)(1) |
489,585,800 | 4.20 | |||
| Nippon Life Insurance Company |
285,603,153 | 2.45 | |||
| The Bank of New York Mellon as Depositary Bank for DR Holders(2) |
263,905,468 | 2.26 | |||
| Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company(3) |
175,000,000 | 1.50 | |||
| Toyota Motor Corporation |
149,263,153 | 1.28 | |||
| Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company |
139,185,671 | 1.19 | |||
| The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. London Secs Lending Omnibus Account |
129,374,761 | 1.11 | |||
| Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.(4) |
120,914,991 | 1.03 | |||
| Total |
3,060,035,397 | 26.27 | % | ||
| Notes: |
| (1) | Includes the shares held in trust accounts, which do not disclose the names of beneficiaries. |
| (2) | An owner of record for our American depositary shares. |
| (3) | These shares are those held in a pension trust account with The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. for the benefit of retirement plans with voting rights retained by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company. |
| (4) | These shares are those held in a pension trust account with The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. for the benefit of retirement plans with voting rights retained by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. |
As of March 31, 2009, 298,628 shares, representing less than 0.01% of our outstanding common stock, were held by our directors and corporate auditors. Our major shareholders do not have different voting rights.
As of March 31, 2009, 1,460,869,339 shares, representing 12.54% of our outstanding common stock, were owned by 292 US shareholders of record who are resident in the United States, one of whom is the ADR depository’s nominee holding 263,905,468 shares, or 2.26%, of our issued common stock.
Preferred Stock
The shareholders of our preferred stock, which are non-voting, appearing on the register of shareholders as of March 31, 2009, and the number and the percentage of such shares held by them, were as follows:
First series of class 3 preferred stock
| Name |
Number of shares held |
Percentage of total shares in issue |
|||
| Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. |
40,000,000 | 40 | % | ||
| Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company |
40,000,000 | 40 | |||
| Nippon Life Insurance Company |
20,000,000 | 20 | |||
| Total |
100,000,000 | 100 | % | ||
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| First series of class 5 preferred stock |
|||||
| Name |
Number of shares held |
Percentage of total shares in issue |
|||
| Nippon Life Insurance Company |
40,000,000 | 25.64 | % | ||
| Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company |
40,000,000 | 25.64 | |||
| Taiyo Life Insurance Company |
20,000,000 | 12.82 | |||
| Daido Life Insurance Company |
20,000,000 | 12.82 | |||
| Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. |
20,000,000 | 12.82 | |||
| Nipponkoa Insurance Company, Limited |
12,000,000 | 7.69 | |||
| Aioi Insurance Company, Limited |
4,000,000 | 2.56 | |||
| Total |
156,000,000 | 100 | % | ||
| Class 11 preferred stock |
|||||
| Name |
Number of shares held |
Percentage of total shares in issue |
|||
| UFJ Trustee Services PVT. (Bermuda) Limited as the trustee of UFJ International Finance (Bermuda) Trust |
1,000 | 100 | % | ||
| Total |
1,000 | 100 | % | ||
B. Related Party Transactions
We and our banking subsidiaries had, and expect to have in the future, banking transactions and other transactions in the ordinary course of business with our related parties. Although for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, such transactions included, but were not limited to, call money, loans, electronic data processing, leases and management of properties, those transactions were immaterial and were made at prevailing market rates, terms and conditions and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features.
None of our directors or corporate auditors, and none of the close members of their respective families, has had any transactions or has any presently proposed transactions that are material or any transactions that are unusual in their nature or conditions, involving goods, services or tangible or intangible assets, to which we were, are or will be a party.
No loans have been made to our directors or corporate auditors other than in the normal course of business, on normal commercial terms and conditions, involving the normal risk of collectibility, and presenting normal features. In addition, no loans have been made to our directors or executive officers or corporate auditors other than as permitted under Section 13(k) of the US Securities Exchange Act and Rule 13k-1 promulgated thereunder.
No family relationship exists among any of our directors or corporate auditors. No arrangement or understanding exists between any of our directors or corporate auditors and any other person pursuant to which any director or corporate auditor was elected to their position at MUFG.
As part of our compensation structure, we have granted stock acquisition rights to our directors and corporate auditors. For a detailed discussion of the stock acquisition rights, see “Item 6.B. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Compensation.”
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
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| Item 8. | Financial Information. |
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
The information required by this item is set forth in our consolidated financial statements starting on page F-1 of this Annual Report and in “Selected Statistical Data” starting on page A-1 of this Annual Report.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in various litigation matters. Although the final resolution of any such matters could have a material effect on our consolidated operating results for a particular reporting period, based on our current knowledge and consultation with legal counsel, we believe the current litigation matters, when ultimately determined, will not materially affect our results of operations or financial position.
Distributions
Our board of directors submits a recommendation for a year-end dividend for our shareholders’ approval at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders customarily held in June of each year. The year-end dividend is usually distributed immediately following shareholders’ approval to holders of record at the end of the preceding fiscal year. In addition to year-end dividends, we may make cash distributions by way of interim dividends to shareholders of record as of September 30 of each year as distribution of surplus by resolution of our board of directors. On June 26, 2009, we paid year-end dividends in the amount of ¥5 per share of common stock for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
See “Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association” for additional information on our dividends policy.
Under the Japanese foreign exchange regulations currently in effect, dividends paid on shares held by non-residents of Japan may be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad. Under the terms of the deposit agreement pursuant to which ADSs are issued, the depositary is required, to the extent that in its judgment it can convert Japanese yen on a reasonable basis into US dollars and transfer the resulting US dollars to the United States, to convert all cash dividends that it receives in respect of deposited shares into US dollars and to distribute the amount received, after deduction of any applicable withholding taxes, to the holders of ADSs. See “Item 10.D. Additional Information—Exchange Controls—Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law.”
B. Significant Changes
Other than as described in this Annual Report, no significant changes have occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.
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| Item 9. | The Offer and Listing. |
A. Offer and Listing Details
Market Price Information
The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low sale prices for shares of our common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, or the TSE, and of the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE.
| Price per share on the TSE | Price per ADS on the NYSE | |||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | |||||
| (yen) | (US$) | |||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 |
1,230 | 800 | 10.40 | 7.12 | ||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 |
1,810 | 873 | 15.54 | 7.95 | ||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 |
1,950 | 1,260 | 16.75 | 11.01 | ||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 |
||||||||
| First quarter |
1,430 | 1,240 | 11.72 | 10.41 | ||||
| Second quarter |
1,390 | 990 | 11.48 | 8.28 | ||||
| Third quarter |
1,252 | 881 | 11.22 | 8.04 | ||||
| Fourth quarter |
1,068 | 782 | 9.90 | 7.95 | ||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
||||||||
| First quarter |
1,173 | 856 | 11.11 | 8.66 | ||||
| Second quarter |
1,036 | 741 | 9.67 | 6.87 | ||||
| Third quarter |
946 | 427 | 9.14 | 4.50 | ||||
| Fourth quarter |
590 | 377 | 6.34 | 3.71 | ||||
| March |
553 | 377 | 5.61 | 3.71 | ||||
| Fiscal year ending March 31, 2010 |
||||||||
| April |
550 | 470 | 5.57 | 4.79 | ||||
| May |
699 | 519 | 6.84 | 5.39 | ||||
| June |
670 | 582 | 6.74 | 6.08 | ||||
| July |
613 | 528 | 6.33 | 5.66 | ||||
| August (through August 18) |
619 | 580 | 6.53 | 6.10 | ||||
| Note: | The amounts in this table prior to 2007 have been adjusted to reflect the 1,000-for-one stock split of our common stock, effective as of September 30, 2007. |
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
The primary market for our common stock is the TSE. Our common stock is also listed on the Osaka Securities Exchange and the Nagoya Stock Exchange in Japan. ADSs, each representing one share of common stock, are quoted on the NYSE under the symbol, “MTU.”
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
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F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
| Item 10. | Additional Information. |
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Our Corporate Purpose
Article 2 of our Articles of Incorporation provides that our corporate purpose is to carry on the following businesses:
| • | administration of management of banks, trust banks, specialized securities companies, insurance companies or other companies which we may own as our subsidiaries under the Japanese Banking Law; and |
| • | any other businesses incidental to the foregoing businesses mentioned in the preceding clause. |
Board of Directors
For discussion of the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation as they apply to our directors, see “Item 6.C. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.”
Common Stock
We summarize below the material provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, our share handling regulations and the Company Law (Law No. 86 of 2005, also known as the Companies Act) as they relate to a type of joint stock company known as kabushiki kaisha, within which we fall. Because it is a summary, this discussion should be read together with our Articles of Incorporation and share handling regulations, which have been filed as exhibits to this Annual Report.
General
A joint stock company is a legal entity incorporated under the Company Law. The investment and rights of the shareholders of a joint stock company are represented by shares of stock in the company and shareholders’ liability is limited to the amount of the subscription for the shares.
As of June 26, 2009, our authorized common share capital was comprised of 33,000,000,000 shares of common stock with no par value.
As of March 31, 2009, a total of 11,648,360,720 shares of common stock (including 9,080,212 shares of common stock held by us and our consolidated subsidiaries as treasury stock) had been issued. Each of the shares issued and outstanding was fully paid and non-assessable.
As of June 26, 2009, we were authorized to issue 920,001,000 shares of preferred stock, including 120,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred stock, 400,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 5 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 5 preferred stock does not exceed 400,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 6 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the
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first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 7 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), and 1,000 shares of class 11 preferred stock. As of March 31, 2009, we had 100,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred stock, 156,000,000 shares of first series class 5 preferred stock, and 1,000 shares of class 11 preferred stock issued and outstanding.
We may issue shares from our authorized but unissued share capital following a resolution to that effect by our board of directors. An increase in our authorized share capital is only possible by amendment of our Articles of Incorporation, which generally requires shareholders’ special approval.
In order to assert shareholder rights against us, a shareholder must have its name and address registered on our register of shareholders, in accordance with the Company Law and our share handling regulations. The registered holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the depositary for the ADSs, or its nominee. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to assert shareholder rights other than as provided in the agreement among us, the depositary and the holders of the ADSs.
A law to establish a new central clearing system for shares of listed companies and to eliminate the issuance and use of certificates for such shares became effective on January 5, 2009. Under the “Law Concerning Book-Entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds, Stocks etc.,” a new central clearing system was established and the shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange are now subject to the new central clearing system. As of January 5, 2009, we are deemed to be a company which shall no longer issue share certificates for our shares, and all existing share certificates for such shares have become automatically null and void, without us being required to collect those share certificates from shareholders. The transfer of such shares is effected through entry in the books maintained under the new central clearing system. Only shares that were deposited with the Japan Securities Depository Center as of January 5, 2009 are immediately transferable under the new central clearing system.
Dividends
Dividends are distributed in proportion to the number of shares owned by each shareholder on the record date for the dividend. Dividends for each financial period may be distributed following shareholders’ approval at a general meeting of shareholders.
Payment of dividends on common stock is subject to the preferential dividend rights of holders of preferred stock.
Under the Banking Law and our Articles of Incorporation, our financial accounts are closed on March 31 of each year, and dividends, if any, are paid to shareholders of record as of March 31 following shareholders’ approval at a general meeting of shareholders. In addition to year-end dividends, our board of directors may by resolution declare an interim cash dividend to shareholders of record as of September 30 of each year. Under the Company Law, distribution of dividends will take the form of distribution of surplus (as defined below). We will be permitted to make distributions of surplus to our shareholders any number of times per fiscal year pursuant to resolutions of our general meetings of shareholders, subject to certain limitations described below. Distributions of surplus are in principle required to be authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. Distributions of surplus would, however, be permitted to be made pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors if:
| (a) | our Articles of Incorporation so provide (our Articles of Incorporation currently contain no such provisions); |
| (b) | the normal term of office of our directors is one year; and |
| (c) | certain conditions concerning our non-consolidated annual financial statements and certain documents for the latest fiscal year as required by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice are satisfied. |
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In an exception to the above rule, even if the requirements described in (a) through (c) are not met, we are permitted to make distributions of surplus in cash to our shareholders by resolutions of the board of directors once per fiscal year as mentioned above concerning interim cash dividend.
Under the Company Law, distributions of surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares of common stock held by each shareholder. A resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or our board of directors authorizing a distribution of surplus must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of surplus is to be made in kind, we may, pursuant to a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or (as the case may be) our board of directors, grant to our shareholders the right to require us to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders (see the description of a “special resolution” in “—Voting Rights”).
Under the Company Law, we may make distribution of surplus to the extent that the aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed to shareholders does not exceed the distributable amount (as defined below) as of the effective date of such distribution of surplus. The amount of surplus (the “surplus”) at any given time shall be the amount of our assets and the book value of our treasury stock after subtracting the amounts of items (1) through (5) below as they appear on our non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of our last fiscal year, and after reflecting the changes in our surplus after the end of our last fiscal year, by adding the amounts of items (6), (7) and (8) below and/or subtracting the amounts of items (9), (10) and (11) below:
| (1) | our liabilities; |
| (2) | our stated capital; |
| (3) | our additional paid-in capital; |
| (4) | our accumulated legal reserve; |
| (5) | other amounts as are set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice; |
| (6) | (if we transferred our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of our treasury stock after subtracting the book value thereof; |
| (7) | (if we decreased our stated capital after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in our stated capital (excluding the amount transferred to additional paid-in capital or legal reserve); |
| (8) | (if we decreased our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (excluding the amount transferred to stated capital); |
| (9) | (if we cancelled our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the book value of the cancelled treasury stock; |
| (10) | (if we distributed surplus to shareholders after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of the assets distributed to shareholders by way of such distribution of surplus; and |
| (11) | other amounts as are set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice. |
A distributable amount (the “distributable amount”) at any given time shall be the aggregate amount of (a) the surplus, (b) the amount of profit as recorded for the period after the end of our last fiscal year until the date of an extraordinary settlement of account (if any) as is set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice and (c) the transfer price of our treasury stock in the same period, after subtracting the amounts of the following items:
| (1) | the book value of our treasury stock; |
| (2) | (if we transferred our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of our treasury stock; |
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| (3) | the losses recorded for the period after the end of our last fiscal year until the date of an extraordinary settlement of account (if any) as set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice; and |
| (4) | other amounts as set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice. |
In Japan, the “ex-dividend” date and the record date for any dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividend to be paid. The market price of shares generally becomes ex-dividend on the third business day prior to the record date. Under our Articles of Incorporation, we are not obligated to pay any dividends which are left unclaimed for a period of five years after the date on which they first became payable.
Capital and Reserves
Under the Company Law, we may reduce our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (without limitation as to the amount of such reduction) as mentioned previously, generally by resolution of a general meeting of shareholders and, if so resolved in the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as stated capital. We may also reduce our stated capital generally by special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders and, if so resolved in the same resolution, such reduction may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as additional paid-in capital or legal reserve. Conversely, we may reduce our surplus and increase either (i) stated capital or (ii) additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve by the same amount, in either case by resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.
Stock Splits
Stock splits of our outstanding stock may be effected at any time by resolution of the board of directors. When a stock split is to be effected, we may increase the authorized share capital to cover the number of shares to be increased by the stock split by amending our Articles of Incorporation by resolution of the board of directors without approval by special resolution of the general meeting of shareholders, unless more than one class of stock is issued and outstanding. We must give public notice of the stock split, specifying a record date at least two weeks prior to the record date.
We conducted a stock split pursuant to which each of our shares of common and preferred stock were split into 1,000 shares of the respective classes of securities, effective as of September 30, 2007. Our Articles of Incorporation were amended to increase the authorized share capital to cover the number of shares increased by the stock split, which amendment became effective simultaneously with the effectiveness of the stock split.
Unit Share (tan-gen kabu) System
We adopt the unit share system, where 100 shares of either common or preferred stock shall each constitute a unit, as the amendment of our Articles of Incorporation to provide for such system has been approved at the shareholders’ meetings on June 27 and 28, 2007.
Under the unit share system, each unit is entitled to one voting right. A holder of less than one unit has no voting right. Our Articles of Incorporation provide that the holders of shares constituting less than a full unit will not have shareholder rights except for those specified in the Company Law or an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, including rights (i) to receive dividends, (ii) to receive cash or other assets in case of consolidation or split of shares, stock-for-stock exchange or stock-for-stock transfer, corporate split or merger or (iii) to be allotted rights to subscribe for free for new shares and stock acquisition rights when such rights are granted to shareholders. Shareholders may require us to purchase shares constituting less than a unit at the current market price. In addition, holders of shares constituting less than a unit may require us to sell them such number of shares, which, when combined with the number of shares already held by such holder, shall constitute a whole unit of share; provided that we will be obliged to comply with such request only when we own a sufficient number of shares to accommodate the desired sale and purchase. The board of directors may reduce the number of shares constituting a unit or cease to use the unit share system by amendments to the Articles of Incorporation without shareholders’ approval even though amendments to the Articles of Incorporation generally require a special resolution of the general meeting of shareholders.
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General Meeting of Shareholders
The ordinary general meeting of our shareholders is usually held in June of each year in Tokyo. In addition, we may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving at least two weeks’ advance notice to shareholders who are entitled to vote at the relevant general meeting of shareholders. The record date for ordinary general meetings of our shareholders is March 31.
Any shareholder holding at least 300 voting rights or 1% of the total number of voting rights for six consecutive months or longer may propose a matter to be considered at a general meeting of shareholders by submitting a written request to a director at least eight weeks prior to the date of the meeting. The number of minimum voting rights, minimum percentage and time period necessary for exercising the minority shareholder rights described above may be decreased or shortened if our Articles of Incorporation so provide. Our Articles of Incorporation currently contain no such provisions.
Voting Rights
A holder of shares of our common stock is generally entitled to one voting right for each unit of common stock held. The following shares of common stock are not entitled to voting rights even when such shares constitute a whole unit, and such shares of common stock are not considered when determining whether a quorum exists for a shareholders’ meeting:
| • | treasury stock; |
| • | shares held by a company in which we, we and our subsidiaries or our subsidiaries owns 25% or more of the total voting rights; and |
| • | shares issued after the record date as a result of conversion of convertible stock, exercise of stock acquisition rights, and fractional shareholders becoming a shareholder of a whole unit share. |
On the other hand, holders of certain class of preferred stock shall be entitled to a voting right for each unit of preferred stock held under certain conditions provided for by relevant laws or regulations and our Articles of Incorporation. For example, when a proposal to pay the full amount of preferential dividends on any class of preferred stock in compliance with the terms of such preferred stock is not included in the agenda of the relevant shareholders meeting. See “—Preferred Stock.”
Under our Articles of Incorporation, except as otherwise provided by law or by other provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a shareholders’ meeting by the holders of a majority of the voting rights represented at the meeting. The Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation require a quorum of not less than one-third of the total number of voting rights for election of our directors and corporate auditors.
The Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation provide that a quorum of not less than one-third of outstanding voting rights, excluding those owned by our subsidiaries and affiliates of which we own, directly or indirectly, 25 percent or more, must be present at a shareholders’ meeting to approve specified corporate actions, such as:
| • | the amendment of our Articles of Incorporation, except in some limited cases; |
| • | the repurchase of our own stock from a specific shareholder other than our subsidiary; |
| • | the consolidation of shares; |
| • | the offering to persons other than shareholders of stock at a specially favorable price, or of stock acquisition rights or bonds or notes with stock acquisition rights with specially favorable conditions; |
| • | the removal of a director who was elected by cumulative voting or corporate auditor; |
| • | the exemption from liability of a director or corporate auditor, with certain exceptions; |
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| • | a reduction in stated capital with certain exceptions in which a shareholders’ resolution is not required; |
| • | a distribution of in-kind dividends which meets certain requirements; |
| • | the transfer of the whole or an important part of our business, except in some limited circumstances; |
| • | the acquisition of the whole business of another company, except in some limited circumstances; |
| • | a dissolution, merger or consolidation, except for certain types of mergers; |
| • | a stock-for-stock exchange (kabushiki-kokan) or stock-for-stock transfer (kabushiki-iten), except in some limited circumstances; and |
| • | a corporate split, except in some limited circumstances. |
A special resolution representing at least two-thirds of the voting rights represented at the meeting is required to approve these actions.
Our Articles of Incorporation do not include any provision that grants shareholders cumulative voting rights at elections of directors or corporate auditors.
Subscription Rights
Holders of our shares have no preemptive rights under our Articles of Incorporation. Under the Company Law, however, our board of directors may determine that shareholders be given subscription rights in connection with a particular issue of new shares. In this case, these subscription rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders, and if a specified record date is set, it must be announced in a public notice at least two weeks prior to the record date. A notification to each individual shareholder must also be given at least two weeks prior to the subscription date.
Under the Company Law, rights to subscribe for new shares may not be transferred; however, we may allot stock acquisition rights to shareholders without consideration, and such rights will be transferable.
Stock Acquisition Rights
We may issue stock acquisition rights (shinkabu yoyakuken), which in the United States are often in the form of warrants, or bonds with stock acquisition rights that cannot be detached (shinkabu yoyakuken-tsuki shasai), which in the United States are often in the form of convertible bonds or bonds with non-detachable warrants. Except where the issuance would be on “specially favorable” conditions, the issuance of stock acquisition rights or bonds with stock acquisition rights may be authorized by a resolution of our board of directors. Upon exercise of the stock acquisition rights, the holder of such rights may acquire shares by paying the applicable exercise price or, if so determined by a resolution of our board of directors, by making a substitute payment, such as having the convertible bonds redeemed for no cash in lieu of the exercise price.
Liquidation Rights
Upon our liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses, taxes and preferred distributions to holders of shares of our preferred stock will be distributed among the holders of shares of our common stock in proportion to the number of shares they own.
Transfer Agent
MUTB is the transfer agent for our common stock. The office of MUTB for this purpose is located at 4-5, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8212, Japan. MUTB maintains our register of shareholders. MUTB will maintain our register of lost share certificates until January 5, 2010, as required by the New Share Settlement Law.
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Reports to Shareholders
We furnish to our shareholders notices, in Japanese, of shareholders’ meetings, annual business reports, including our financial statements, and notices of resolutions adopted at our shareholders’ meetings.
Record Dates
As stated above, March 31 is the record date for the payment of annual dividends, if any, and the determination of shareholders entitled to vote at ordinary general meetings of our shareholders. September 30 is the record date for the payment of interim dividends, if any. In addition, by a resolution of our board of directors and after giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice, we may at any time set a record date in order to determine the shareholders who are entitled to the rights pertaining to our shares.
Repurchase of Our Shares
We may repurchase our own shares:
| • | through the Tokyo Stock Exchange or other stock exchanges on which our shares are listed, if authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or our board of directors; |
| • | by way of a tender offer, if authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or our board of directors; |
| • | from a specific party, if authorized by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders and we give notice thereof to shareholders prior to such general meeting, in general; |
| • | from all shareholders of a specific class of shares offering to sell their shares, if authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or our board of directors and we give a public notice or notice thereof to all of the shareholders (if we repurchase any class of preferred stock, notices to all shareholders of the relevant class of preferred stock); or |
| • | from our subsidiaries, if authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. |
When the repurchase is made by us from a specific party, as authorized by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders, any shareholder may make a demand to a director, five days or more prior to the relevant shareholders’ meeting, that we also repurchase the shares held by that shareholder. However, no such right will be available if the shares have a market price, and if the purchase price does not exceed the then market price calculated in a manner set forth in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.
Repurchase of our own shares described above must satisfy various specified requirements. In general, the same restrictions on the distributable amount as described in the seventh paragraph under “—Common Stock—Dividends.” are applicable to the repurchase of our own shares, so the total amount of the repurchase price may not exceed the distributable amount.
We may hold our own shares so repurchased without restrictions. In addition, we may cancel or dispose of our repurchased shares by a resolution of our board of directors. As of March 31, 2009, we (excluding our subsidiaries) owned 958,031 shares of treasury stock.
Preferred Stock
The following is a summary of information concerning the shares of our preferred stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, the share handling regulations and the Company Law as currently in effect. The detailed rights of our preferred stock are set out in our Articles of Incorporation and the resolutions of our board of directors relating to the issuance of the relevant stock.
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General
As of March 31, 2009, we were authorized under our Articles of Incorporation to issue seven classes of preferred stock totaling 1,076,901,000 shares of preferred stock, including 120,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred stock, 400,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 5 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 5 preferred stock does not exceed 400,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 6 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 7 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), 27,000,000 shares of class 8 preferred stock, 1,000 shares of class 11 preferred stock and 129,900,000 shares of class 12 preferred stock. Following the amendment of our Articles of Incorporation, as of June 26, 2009, we were authorized to issue five classes of preferred stock totaling 920,001,000 shares of preferred stock, including 120,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred stock, 400,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 5 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 5 preferred stock does not exceed 400,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 6 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), 200,000,000 shares of each of the first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock (provided the aggregate number of shares authorized to be issued with respect to the four series of class 7 preferred stock does not exceed 200,000,000 shares), and 1,000 shares of class 11 preferred stock. Our preferred stock has equal preference over our shares of common stock with respect to dividend entitlements and distribution of assets upon our liquidation. However, holders of shares of our preferred stock are not entitled to vote at general meetings of shareholders, subject to the exceptions provided under our Articles of Incorporation. As of March 31, 2009, 100,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred stock, 156,000,000 shares of first series class 5 preferred stock and 1,000 shares of class 11 preferred stock had been outstanding, but there were no shares of class 6 or 7 preferred stock outstanding. We may, at any time, following necessary authorization as described in the first paragraph under “Repurchase of Our Shares,” purchase and cancel, at fair value, any shares of preferred stock outstanding out of the distributable amount.
Class 3, first to fourth series of class 5 and first to fourth series of class 6 preferred shareholders are not entitled to request acquisition of their shares of preferred stock in exchange for our shares of common stock but we may acquire shares of class 3, first to fourth series of class 5 and first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock at our discretion pursuant to the terms and conditions provided by our Articles of Incorporation and the resolution of our board of directors. We may acquire shares of class 3 preferred stock at ¥2,500 per share, in whole or in part, on or after February 18, 2010. The provisions for acquisition of shares of first to fourth series of class 5 and first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock will be determined by the board of directors at the time of issuance of such preferred stock. When issued, any holder of shares of first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock or first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock may request acquisition of shares of such preferred stock in exchange for shares of our common stock during the period determined by resolution of the board of directors adopted at the time of issuance of such shares of preferred stock. Any shares of first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock or first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock for which no request for acquisition in exchange for shares of our common stock is made during such period will be mandatorily acquired on the day immediately following the last day of such period (the “Mandatory Acquisition Date”) in the number obtained by dividing an amount equivalent to the subscription price per each relevant share of preferred stock by the average daily closing price of our common stock as reported by the Tokyo Stock Exchange for the 30 trading days commencing on the 45th trading day prior to the Mandatory Acquisition Date. Any holder of shares of class 11 preferred stock may request acquisition of shares of the relevant preferred stock in exchange for shares of our common stock during the period as provided for in the attachment to our Articles of Incorporation. Any shares of class 11 preferred stock for which no request for acquisition in exchange for shares of our common stock is made during such period will be mandatorily acquired on the Mandatory Acquisition Date in the number obtained by dividing an amount equivalent to the subscription price per each relevant share of preferred stock by the average daily closing price of our common stock as reported by the Tokyo Stock Exchange for the 30 trading days commencing on the 45th trading day prior to the Mandatory Acquisition Date.
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Preferred Dividends
In priority to the payment of dividends to holders of our common stock, the amount of preferred dividends payable each fiscal year for each class of our preferred stock is set forth below:
| • | class 3 preferred stock: ¥60.00 per share as set by the resolution of our board of directors dated January 27, 2005 and amended to reflect the stock split pursuant to our Articles of Incorporation; |
| • | first to fourth series of class 5 preferred stock: to be set by resolution of our board of directors at the time of issuance, up to a maximum of ¥250.00 per share; |
| • | first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock: to be set by resolution of our board of directors at the time of issuance, up to a maximum of ¥125.00 per share; |
| • | first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock: to be set by resolution of our board of directors at the time of issuance, up to a maximum of ¥125.00 per share; and |
| • | class 11 preferred stock: ¥5.30 per share. |
In the event that our board of directors decides to pay an interim dividend to holders of record of our common stock as of September 30 of any year, we will, in priority to the payment of that interim dividend, pay a preferred interim dividend in the amount specified in our Articles of Incorporation to holders of record of our preferred stock as of September 30 of the same time. The amount of any preferred interim dividend will be deducted from the preferred dividend payable on the relevant class of our preferred stock for the same fiscal year.
No preferred dividend will be paid on any of our preferred stock converted into our common stock for the period from the date following the record date for the preferred dividend or preferred interim dividend last preceding the relevant conversion date to the relevant conversion date, but the common stock issued upon conversion will be entitled to receive any dividend payable to holders of record of common stock upon the next succeeding record date for common stock dividends.
No payment of dividends on our preferred stock or any other shares can be made unless we have a sufficient distributable amount and a resolution to distribute such distributable amount is obtained at the relevant ordinary general meeting of shareholders, in the case of annual preferred dividends, or at the board of directors, in the case of preferred interim dividends.
Dividends on our preferred stock are non-cumulative. If the full amount of any dividend is not declared on our preferred stock in respect of any fiscal year, holders of our preferred stock do not have any right to receive dividends in respect of the deficiency in any subsequent fiscal year, and we will have no obligation to pay the deficiency or to pay any interest regardless of whether or not dividends are paid in respect of any subsequent fiscal year. The holders of our preferred stock are not entitled to any further dividends or other participation in or distribution of our profits.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, record holders of our preferred stock are entitled, equally in rank as among themselves, to receive before any distribution out of our residual assets is made to holders of our common stock, a distribution out of our residual assets of:
| • | ¥2,500 per share of class 3 preferred stock; |
| • | ¥2,500 per share of first to fourth series of class 5 preferred stock; |
| • | ¥2,500 per share of first to fourth series of class 6 preferred stock; |
| • | ¥2,500 per share of first to fourth series of class 7 preferred stock; and |
| • | ¥1,000 per share of class 11 preferred stock. |
The holders of our preferred stock are not entitled to any further dividends or other participation in or distribution of our residual assets upon our liquidation.
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Voting Rights
No holder of our preferred stock has the right to receive notice of, or to vote at, a general meeting of shareholders, except as otherwise specifically provided under our Articles of Incorporation or other applicable law. Under our Articles of Incorporation, holders of our preferred stock will be entitled to receive notice of, and have one voting right per unit of preferred stock at, our general meetings of shareholders:
| • | from the commencement of our ordinary general meeting of shareholders if an agenda for approval to declare a preferred dividend is not submitted to such meeting; or |
| • | from the close of any ordinary general meeting of shareholders if a proposed resolution to declare a preferred dividend is not approved at such meeting. |
In each case, holders of our preferred stock will be entitled to receive notice of and vote at the relevant general meetings of shareholders unless and until such time as a resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders declaring a preferred dividend is passed.
American Depositary Shares
The Bank of New York Mellon will issue the American depositary receipts, or ADRs. Each ADR will represent ownership interests in American depositary shares, or ADSs. As a result of the 1,000-for-one stock split that became effective on September 30, 2007, each ADS represents one share of our common stock. Each ADS is held by The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, acting as custodian, at its principal office in Tokyo, on behalf of The Bank of New York Mellon, acting as depositary. Each ADS will also represent securities, cash or other property deposited with The Bank of New York Mellon but not distributed to ADS holders. The Bank of New York Mellon’s corporate trust office is located at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286 and its principal executive office is located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286.
You may hold ADSs either directly or indirectly through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, you are an ADS holder. This description assumes you hold your ADSs directly. If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.
The Bank of New York Mellon will actually be the registered holder of the common stock, so you will have to rely on it to exercise your rights as a shareholder. Our obligations and the obligations of The Bank of New York Mellon are set out in a deposit agreement among us, The Bank of New York Mellon and you, as an ADS holder. The deposit agreement and the ADSs are governed by New York law.
The following is a summary of the material terms of the deposit agreement. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR.
Share Dividends and Other Distributions
The Bank of New York Mellon has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares of common stock or other deposited securities, after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of shares your ADSs represent.
Cash. The Bank of New York Mellon will convert any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on our common stock into US dollars, if it can do so on a reasonable basis and can transfer the US dollars to the United States. If that is not possible or if any approval from the Japanese government is needed and cannot be obtained, the deposit agreement allows The Bank of New York Mellon to distribute the Japanese yen only to
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those ADS holders to whom it is possible to do so. The Bank of New York Mellon will hold the Japanese yen it cannot convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid. It will not invest the Japanese yen and it will not be liable for any interest.
Before making a distribution, any withholding taxes that must be paid under Japanese law will be deducted. See “—Taxation—Japanese Taxation.” The Bank of New York Mellon will distribute only whole US dollars and cents and will round fractional cents to the nearest whole cent. If the relevant exchange rates fluctuate during a time when The Bank of New York Mellon cannot convert the Japanese currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.
Shares. The Bank of New York Mellon may distribute new ADSs representing any shares we may distribute as a dividend or free distribution, if we furnish The Bank of New York Mellon promptly with satisfactory evidence that it is legal to do so. The Bank of New York Mellon will only distribute whole ADSs. It will sell shares which would require it to issue a fractional ADS and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it distributes cash dividends. If The Bank of New York Mellon does not distribute additional ADSs, each ADS will also represent the new shares.
Rights to receive additional shares. If we offer holders of our common stock any rights to subscribe for additional shares of common stock or any other rights, The Bank of New York Mellon may, after consultation with us, make those rights available to you. We must first instruct The Bank of New York Mellon to do so and furnish it with satisfactory evidence that it is legal to do so. If we do not furnish this evidence and/or do not give these instructions, and The Bank of New York Mellon decides that it is practical to sell the rights, The Bank of New York Mellon will sell the rights and distribute the proceeds in the same way as it distributes cash dividends. The Bank of New York Mellon may allow rights that are not distributed or sold to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them.
If The Bank of New York Mellon makes rights available to you, upon instruction from you it will exercise the rights and purchase the shares on your behalf. The Bank of New York Mellon will then deposit the shares and issue ADSs to you. It will only exercise the rights if you pay it the exercise price and any other charges the rights require you to pay.
US securities laws may restrict the sale, deposit, cancellation and transfer of the ADSs issued after the exercise of the rights. For example, you may not be able to trade the ADSs freely in the United States. In this case, The Bank of New York Mellon may issue the ADSs under a separate restricted deposit agreement which will contain the same provisions as the deposit agreement, except for changes needed to put the restrictions in place. The Bank of New York Mellon will not offer you rights unless those rights and the securities to which the rights relate are either exempt from registration or have been registered under the US Securities Act with respect to a distribution to you. We will have no obligation to register under the Securities Act those rights or the securities to which they relate.
Other distributions. The Bank of New York Mellon will send to you anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it thinks is legal, fair and practical. If it cannot make the distribution in that way, The Bank of New York Mellon has a choice. It may decide to sell what we distributed and distribute the net proceeds, in the same way as it does with cash. Or, it may decide to hold what we distributed, in which case ADSs will also represent the newly distributed property.
The Bank of New York Mellon is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders. We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us or The Bank of New York Mellon to make them available to you.
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Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation
The Bank of New York Mellon will issue ADSs if you or your broker deposits shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, The Bank of New York Mellon will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs at its corporate trust office to the persons you request.
In certain circumstances, subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement, The Bank of New York Mellon may issue ADSs before the deposit of the underlying shares. This is called a pre-release of ADSs. A pre-release is closed out as soon as the underlying shares are delivered to the depositary. The depositary may receive ADSs instead of the shares to close out a pre-release. The depositary may pre-release ADSs only on the following conditions:
| • | Before or at the time of the pre-release, the person to whom the pre-release is made must represent to the depositary in writing that it or its customer, as the case may be, owns the shares to be deposited; |
| • | The pre-release must be fully collateralized with cash or collateral that the depositary considers appropriate; and |
| • | The depositary must be able to close out the pre-release on not more than five business days’ notice. |
The pre-release will be subject to whatever indemnities and credit regulations that the depositary considers appropriate. In addition, the depositary will limit the number of ADSs that may be outstanding at any time as a result of a pre-release.
You may turn in your ADSs at the Corporate Trust Office of The Bank of New York Mellon’s office. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, The Bank of New York Mellon will deliver (1) the underlying shares to an account designated by you and (2) any other deposited securities underlying the ADS at the office of the custodian. Or, at your request, risk and expense, The Bank of New York Mellon will deliver the deposited securities at its Corporate Trust Office.
As a result of the stock split and the adoption of the unit share system on September 30, 2007, the ADSs may only be presented for cancellation and release of the underlying shares of common stock or other deposited securities in multiples of 100 ADSs. Holders of ADRs evidencing less than 100 ADSs are not entitled to delivery of any underlying shares or other deposited securities unless ADRs, together with other ADRs presented by the same holder at the same time, represent in the aggregate at least 100 ADSs. If any ADSs are surrendered but not cancelled pursuant to the preceding sentence, The Bank of New York Mellon will execute and deliver an ADR or ADRs evidencing the balance of ADSs not so cancelled to the person or persons surrendering the same.
Voting Rights
If you are an ADS holder on a record date fixed by The Bank of New York Mellon, you may instruct The Bank of New York Mellon to vote the shares underlying your ADSs at a meeting of our shareholders in accordance with the procedures set forth in the deposit agreement.
The Bank of New York Mellon will notify you of the upcoming meeting and arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. The notice shall contain (a) such information as is contained in such notice of meeting, (b) a statement that as of the close of business on a specified record date you will be entitled, subject to any applicable provision of Japanese law and our Articles of Incorporation, to instruct The Bank of New York Mellon as to the exercise of the voting rights, if any, pertaining to the amount of shares or other deposited securities represented by your ADSs, and (c) a brief statement as to the manner in which such instructions may be given, including an express indication that instructions may be given to The Bank of New York Mellon to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us. Upon your written request, received on or before the date established by The Bank of New York Mellon for such purpose, The Bank of New York Mellon shall endeavor in so far as practicable to
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vote or cause to be voted the amount of shares or other deposited securities represented by your ADSs in accordance with the instructions set forth in your request. So long as Japanese law provides that votes may only be cast with respect to one or more whole shares or other deposited securities, The Bank of New York Mellon will aggregate voting instructions to the extent such instructions are the same and vote such whole shares or other deposited securities in accordance with your instructions. If, after aggregation of all instructions to vote received by The Bank of New York Mellon, any portion of the aggregated instructions constitutes instructions with respect to less than a whole share or other deposited securities, The Bank of New York Mellon will not vote or cause to be voted the shares or other deposited securities to which such portion of the instructions apply. The Bank of New York Mellon will not vote or attempt to exercise the right to vote that attaches to the shares or other deposited securities, other than in accordance with the instructions of the ADS holders. If no instructions are received by The Bank of New York Mellon from you with respect to any of the deposited securities represented by your ADSs on or before the date established by The Bank of New York Mellon for such purpose, The Bank of New York Mellon shall deem you to have instructed The Bank of New York Mellon to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us with respect to such deposited securities and The Bank of New York Mellon shall give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote such deposited securities, provided that no such instruction shall be given with respect to any matter as to which we inform The Bank of New York Mellon (and we have agreed to provide such information as promptly as practicable in writing) that (1) we do not wish such proxy given, (2) substantial opposition exists or (3) such matter materially and adversely affects the rights of holders of shares.
We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct The Bank of New York Mellon to vote your shares. In addition, The Bank of New York Mellon is not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions as long as it has acted in good faith. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and there may be nothing you can do if your shares are not voted as you requested.
Fees and Expenses
| ADR holders must pay: |
For: | |
| $5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) |
Each issuance of an ADS, including as a result of a distribution of shares or rights or other property | |
| Each cancellation of an ADS, including if the agreement terminates | ||
| $0.02 (or less) per ADSs |
To the extent permitted by securities exchange on which the ADSs may be listed for trading any cash payment | |
| Registration or transfer fees |
Transfer and registration of shares on the share register of the foreign registrar from your name to the name of The Bank of New York Mellon or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares | |
| Expenses of The Bank of New York Mellon |
Conversion of foreign currency to US dollars cable, telex and facsimile transmission expenses | |
| Taxes and other governmental charges The Bank of New York Mellon or BTMU, as custodian, have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes |
As necessary | |
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Payment of Taxes
You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable on your ADSs or on the deposited securities underlying your ADSs. The Bank of New York Mellon may refuse to transfer your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities underlying your ADSs until those taxes or other charges are paid. It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities underlying your ADSs to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency. If it sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to you any property remaining after it has paid the taxes.
Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers
If we:
| • | reclassify, split up or consolidate any of our shares or the deposited securities; |
| • | recapitalize, reorganize, merge, liquidate, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets or take any similar action; or |
| • | distribute securities on the shares that are not distributed to you, then, |
| (1) | the cash, shares or other securities received by The Bank of New York Mellon will become deposited securities and each ADS will automatically represent its equal share of the new deposited securities unless additional ADSs are issued; and |
| (2) | The Bank of New York Mellon may, and will if we request, issue new ADSs or ask you to surrender your outstanding ADSs in exchange for new ADSs, identifying the new deposited securities. |
Amendment and Termination
We may agree with The Bank of New York Mellon to amend the deposit agreement and the ADSs without your consent for any reason. If the amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges, registration fees, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses, or prejudices an important right of ADS holders, it will only become effective three months after The Bank of New York Mellon notifies you of the amendment. At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADS, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADSs and the deposit agreement as amended. However, no amendment will impair your right to receive the deposited securities in exchange for your ADSs.
The Bank of New York Mellon will terminate the deposit agreement if we ask it to do so, in which case it must notify you at least 30 days before termination. The Bank of New York Mellon may also terminate the deposit agreement if The Bank of New York Mellon has told us that it would like to resign and we have not appointed a new depositary bank within 60 days.
If any ADSs remain outstanding after termination, The Bank of New York Mellon will stop registering the transfers of ADSs, will stop distributing dividends to ADS holders and will not give any further notices or do anything else under the deposit agreement other than:
| (1) | collect dividends and distributions on the deposited securities; |
| (2) | sell rights and other property offered to holders of deposited securities; and |
| (3) | deliver shares and other deposited securities in exchange for ADSs surrendered to The Bank of New York Mellon. |
At any time after one year following termination, The Bank of New York Mellon may sell any remaining deposited securities. After that, The Bank of New York Mellon will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the deposit agreement for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that
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have not surrendered their ADSs. It will not invest the money and has no liability for interest. The Bank of New York Mellon’s only obligations will be to account for the money and other cash and with respect to indemnification and to retain depositary documents. After termination, our only obligations will be with respect to indemnification and to pay certain amounts to The Bank of New York Mellon.
Limitations on Obligations and Liability to ADS Holders
The deposit agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of The Bank of New York Mellon. It also limits our liability and the liability of The Bank of New York Mellon. We and The Bank of New York Mellon:
| • | are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the deposit agreement without negligence or bad faith; |
| • | are not liable if either is prevented or delayed by law, any provision of our Articles of Incorporation or circumstances beyond their control from performing their obligations under the deposit agreement; |
| • | are not liable if either exercises or fails to exercise discretion permitted under the deposit agreement; |
| • | have no obligation to become involved in a lawsuit or other proceeding related to the ADSs or the deposit agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other party unless indemnified to their satisfaction; and |
| • | may rely upon any advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person depositing shares, any ADS holder or any other person believed in good faith to be competent to give them that advice or information. |
In the deposit agreement, we and The Bank of New York Mellon agree to indemnify each other for liabilities arising out of acts performed or omitted by the other party in accordance with the deposit agreement.
Requirements for Depositary Actions
Before The Bank of New York Mellon will issue or register transfer of an ADS, make a distribution on an ADS, or permit withdrawal of shares, it may require:
| • | payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any shares or other deposited securities; |
| • | production of satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and |
| • | compliance with regulations it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement, including presentation of transfer documents. |
The Bank of New York Mellon may refuse to deliver, transfer, or register transfers of ADSs generally when its transfer books are closed, when our transfer books are closed or at any time if it or we think it advisable to do so.
You have the right to cancel your ADSs and withdraw the underlying shares at any time except:
| • | when temporary delays arise because: (1) The Bank of New York Mellon has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (2) the transfer of shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders’ meeting; or (3) we are paying a dividend on the shares; |
| • | when you or other ADS holders seeking to withdraw shares owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; or |
| • | when it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of shares or other deposited securities. |
This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.
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Reports and Other Communications
The Bank of New York Mellon will make available for your inspection at its corporate trust office any reports and communications, including any proxy soliciting material, that it receives from us, if those reports and communications are both (a) received by The Bank of New York Mellon as the holder of the deposited securities and (b) made generally available by us to the holders of the deposited securities. If we ask it to, The Bank of New York Mellon will also send you copies of those reports it receives from us.
Inspection of Transfer Books
The Bank of New York Mellon will keep books for the registration and transfer of ADSs, which will be open for your inspection at all reasonable times. You will only have the right to inspect those books if the inspection is for the purpose of communicating with other owners of ADSs in connection with our business or a matter related to the deposit agreement or the ADSs.
C. Material Contracts
Except as described elsewhere in this Annual Report, all material contracts entered into by us in the past two years preceding the filing of this Annual Report were entered into in the ordinary course of business.
D. Exchange Controls
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan and the cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances incidental thereto, collectively known as the Foreign Exchange Law, set forth, among other matters, the regulations relating to the receipt by non-residents of Japan of payment with respect to shares to be issued by us and the acquisition and holding of shares by non-residents of Japan and foreign investors, both as defined below. It also applies in some cases to the acquisition and holding of ADSs representing such shares acquired and held by non-residents of Japan and by foreign investors. Generally, the Foreign Exchange Law currently in effect does not affect the right of a non-resident of Japan to purchase or sell an ADR outside Japan for non-Japanese currency.
“Non-residents of Japan” are defined as individuals who are not resident in Japan and corporations whose principal offices are located outside Japan. Generally, the branches and offices of non-resident corporations which are located in Japan are regarded as residents of Japan while the branches and offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as non-residents of Japan.
“Foreign investors” are defined as:
| • | individuals not resident in Japan; |
| • | corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan; |
| • | corporations of which 50% or more of the shares are directly or indirectly held by individuals not resident of Japan and corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan; and |
| • | corporations, a majority of officers (or a majority of officers having the power of representation) of which are non-resident individuals. |
Dividends and Proceeds of Sales
Under the Foreign Exchange Law, dividends paid on, and the proceeds of sales in Japan of, shares held by non-residents of Japan may in general be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad. The acquisition of our shares by non-residents by way of a stock split is not subject to any notification or reporting requirements.
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Acquisition of Shares
In general, a non-resident who acquires shares from a resident of Japan is not subject to any prior filing requirement, although the Foreign Exchange Law empowers the Minister of Finance of Japan to require a prior approval for any such acquisition in certain limited circumstances.
If a foreign investor acquires our shares, and, together with parties who have a special relationship with that foreign investor, holds 10% or more of our issued shares as a result of such acquisition, the foreign investor must file a report of such acquisition with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Minister by the fifteenth day of the month immediately following the month to which the date of such acquisition belongs. In certain limited circumstances, however, a prior notification of such acquisition must be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Minister, who may modify or prohibit the proposed acquisition.
Deposit and Withdrawal under American Depositary Facility
The deposit of shares with us, in our capacity as custodian and agent for the depositary, in Tokyo, the issuance of ADSs by the depositary to a non-resident of Japan in respect of the deposit and the withdrawal of the underlying shares upon the surrender of the ADSs are not subject to any of the formalities or restrictions referred to above. However, where as a result of a deposit or withdrawal the aggregate number of shares held by the depositary, including shares deposited with us as custodian for the depositary, or the holder surrendering ADSs, as the case may be, would be 10% or more of the total outstanding shares, a report will be required, and in specified circumstances, a prior notification may be required, as noted above.
Reporting of Substantial Shareholdings
The Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan requires any person who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5% of the total issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese financial instruments exchange or whose shares are traded on the over-the-counter market in Japan to file with the director of a competent finance bureau within 5 business days a report concerning such shareholdings.
A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of 1% or more in any such holding ratio or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such person upon exchange of exchangeable securities, conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock acquisition rights (including those incorporated in bonds with stock acquisition rights) are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holder and the issuer’s total issued shares of capital stock. Copies of such report must also be furnished to the issuer of such shares and all Japanese financial instruments exchanges on which the shares are listed or (in the case of shares traded over-the-counter) the Japan Securities Dealers Association.
E. Taxation
Japanese Taxation
The following sets forth the material Japanese tax consequences to owners of shares or ADSs who are non-resident individuals or non-Japanese corporations without a permanent establishment in Japan to which the relevant income is attributable, which we refer to as “non-resident holders” in this section. The statements regarding Japanese tax laws below are based on the laws in force and as interpreted by the Japanese taxation authorities as at the date of this Annual Report and are subject to changes in the applicable Japanese laws, double taxation treaties, conventions or agreements or interpretations thereof occurring after that date. This summary is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations that may apply to a particular investor, and potential investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares or ADSs, including specifically the tax consequences under Japanese law, the laws of the jurisdiction of which they are resident and any tax treaty between Japan and their country of residence, by consulting their own tax advisers.
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For the purpose of Japanese tax law and the Tax Convention (as defined below), a US holder of ADSs will be treated as the owner of the shares underlying the ADSs evidenced by the ADRs.
Generally, a non-resident holder of shares or ADSs is subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by us. In the absence of any applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement reducing the maximum rate of withholding tax, the rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends paid by us to non-resident holders is 7% for dividends to be paid on or before December 31, 2011 pursuant to Japanese tax law. After such date, the maximum withholding rate for US holders (as defined below), which is generally set at 10% of the gross amount distributed, shall be applicable pursuant to the Tax Convention (as defined below).
On March 30, 2004, the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and Japan for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Tax Convention”), became effective to replace its predecessor, which was signed on March 8, 1971 (the “Prior Treaty”). The Tax Convention establishes the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax which may be imposed on dividends paid to a US resident not having a permanent establishment in Japan. Under the Tax Convention, the maximum withholding rate for US holders (as defined below) is generally set at 10% of the gross amount distributed. However, the maximum rate is 5% of the gross amount distributed if the recipient is a corporation and owns directly or indirectly, on the date on which entitlement to the dividends is determined, at least 10% of the voting shares of the paying corporation. Furthermore, the amount distributed shall not be taxed if the recipient is (i) a pension fund which is a US resident, provided that such dividends are not derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pension fund or (ii) a parent company with a controlling interest in the paying company and satisfies certain other requirements. US holders (as defined below) are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to their eligibility for benefits under the Prior Treaty and the Tax Convention.
Japanese tax law provides in general that if the Japanese statutory rate is lower than the maximum rate applicable under tax treaties, conventions or agreements, the Japanese statutory rate shall be applicable. The rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends paid by us to non-resident holders is 7% for dividends to be paid on or before December 31, 2011 and 15% thereafter, except for dividends paid to any individual non-resident holder who holds 5% or more of our issued shares for which the applicable rate is 20%.
Non-resident holders of shares who are entitled to a reduced rate of Japanese withholding tax on payments of dividends on the shares or ADSs by us are required to submit an Application Form for the Income Tax Convention regarding Relief from Japanese Income Tax on Dividends in advance through us to the relevant tax authority before the payment of dividends. A standing proxy for non-resident holders may provide this application service for the non-resident holders. Non-resident holders who do not submit an application in advance will generally be entitled to claim a refund from the relevant Japanese tax authority of withholding taxes withheld in excess of the rate of an applicable tax treaty.
Gains derived from the sale or other disposition of shares or ADSs within or outside Japan by a non-resident holder are not, in general, subject to Japanese income or corporation taxes or other Japanese taxes.
Any deposits or withdrawals of shares by a non-resident holder in exchange for ADSs are not subject to Japanese income or corporation tax.
Japanese inheritance and gift taxes, at progressive rates, may be payable by an individual who has acquired shares or ADSs as legatee, heir or donee, even if none of the individual, the decedent or the donor is a Japanese resident.
US Taxation
The following sets forth the material US federal income tax consequences of the ownership of shares and ADSs by a US holder, as defined below. This summary is based on US federal income tax laws, including the US
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Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed Treasury regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, and the Tax Convention (as defined above), all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
The following summary is not a complete analysis or description of all potential US federal income tax consequences to a particular US holder. It does not address all US federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to all categories of potential purchasers, certain of which (such as banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, dealers in securities, tax-exempt entities, non-US persons, persons holding a share or an ADS as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” conversion or integrated transaction, holders whose “functional currency” is not the US dollar, holders liable for alternative minimum tax and holders of 10% or more of our voting shares) are subject to special tax treatment. This summary does not address any foreign, state, local or other tax consequences of investments in our shares or ADSs.
This summary addresses only shares or ADSs that are held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.
As used herein, a “US holder” is a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs, as the case may be, that is, for US federal income tax purposes:
| • | a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; |
| • | an estate, the income of which is subject to US federal income tax regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust |
| • | the administration of which is subject to (1) the supervision of a court within the United States and (2) the control of one or more US persons as described in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code; or |
| • | that has a valid election in effect under applicable US Treasury regulations to be treated as a US person. |
A “Non-US holder” is any beneficial holder of shares or ADSs that is not a US holder.
If a partnership holds shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding shares or ADSs, you should consult your tax advisor.
We urge US holders to consult their own tax advisors concerning the US federal, state and local and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares or ADSs.
This summary is based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with their respective terms. For US federal income tax purposes, holders of ADSs will be treated as the owners of the shares represented by the ADSs. Accordingly, withdrawals or deposits of shares in exchange for ADSs generally will not be subject to US federal income tax.
The US Treasury has expressed concerns that intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of an ADS and the issuer of the security underlying the ADS may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the beneficial ownership of the underlying shares (for example, pre-releasing ADSs to persons who do not have beneficial ownership of the securities underlying the ADSs). Accordingly, the discussion on the creditability of Japanese taxes and the availability of the reduced rate of tax for dividends received by certain non-corporate US holders, each as described below, could be affected by actions taken by intermediaries in the chain of ownership between the holder of ADSs and MUFG if, as a result of such actions, the holders of ADSs are not properly
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treated as beneficial owners of the underlying shares. We are not aware of any intention to take any such actions, and accordingly, the remainder of this discussion assumes that holders of ADSs will be properly treated as beneficial owners of the underlying shares.
Special adverse US federal income tax rules apply if a US holder holds shares or ADSs of a company that is treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (a “PFIC”) for any taxable year during which the US holder held shares or ADSs. Based upon proposed Treasury regulations and upon certain management estimates, we do not expect MUFG to be a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes in the current year or in future years. However, there can be no assurance that the described proposed regulations will be finalized in their current form, and the determination of whether MUFG is a PFIC is based upon, among other things, the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time. US holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the potential application of the PFIC rules to their ownership and disposition of shares or ADSs. This discussion assumes that we are not, and will not become, a PFIC.
Taxation of Dividends
US holders will include the gross amount of any distribution received with respect to shares or ADSs (before reduction for Japanese withholding taxes), to the extent paid out of the current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for US federal income tax purposes) of MUFG, as ordinary income in their gross income. The amount of distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of the distribution. Dividends received by a US holder will not be eligible for the “dividends-received deduction” allowed to US corporations in respect of dividends received from other US corporations. To the extent that an amount received by a US holder exceeds such holder’s allocable share of our current earnings and profits, such excess will be applied first to reduce such holder’s tax basis in its shares or ADSs, thereby increasing the amount of gain or decreasing the amount of loss recognized on a subsequent disposition of the shares or ADSs. Then, to the extent such distribution exceeds such US holder’s tax basis, such excess will be treated as capital gain. The amount of the dividend will be the US dollar value of the Japanese yen payments received. This value will be determined at the spot Japanese yen/US dollar rate on the date the dividend is received by the depositary in the case of US holders of ADSs, or by the shareholder in the case of US holders of shares, regardless of whether the dividend payment is in fact converted into US dollars at that time. If the Japanese yen received as a dividend are not converted into US dollars on the date of receipt, a US holder will have basis in such Japanese yen equal to their US dollar value on the date of receipt, and any foreign currency gains or losses resulting from the conversion of the Japanese yen will generally be treated as US source ordinary income or loss.
If a US holder is eligible for benefits under the Tax Convention, the holder may be able to claim a reduced rate of Japanese withholding tax. All US holders should consult their tax advisors about their eligibility for reduction of Japanese withholding tax. A US holder may claim a deduction or a foreign tax credit, subject to other applicable limitations, only for tax withheld at the appropriate rate. A US holder should not be allowed a foreign tax credit for withholding tax for any portion of the tax that could have been avoided by claiming benefits under the Tax Convention. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, the dividend will be income from sources outside the United States. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends we pay will constitute “passive income” or, in the case of certain US holders, “financial services income.” The rules governing US foreign tax credits are very complex and US holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits under their particular circumstances.
Subject to applicable exceptions with respect to short-term and hedged positions, qualified dividends received by non-corporate US holders prior to January 1, 2011 from a qualified corporation may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation. Qualified corporations include those foreign corporations eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that the US Treasury Department determines to be satisfactory for these purposes and that includes an exchange of information provision. The Tax Convention meets these requirements. We believe that MUFG is a qualified foreign corporation and that dividends received
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by US investors with respect to shares or ADSs of MUFG will be qualified dividends. Dividends received by US investors from a foreign corporation that was a PFIC in either the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year are not qualified dividends.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Upon a sale or other disposition of shares or ADSs, a US holder will recognize a gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the US dollar value of the amount realized and the US holder’s tax basis, determined in US dollars, in such shares or ADSs. Such gains or losses will be capital gains or losses and will be long-term capital gains or losses if the US holder’s holding period for such shares or ADSs exceeds one year. A US holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares or ADSs will generally be the cost to the holder of such shares or ADSs. Any such gains or losses realized by a US holder upon disposal of the shares or ADSs will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations under the Code.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividends paid on shares or ADSs to a US holder, or proceeds from a US holder’s sale or other disposition of shares or ADSs, may be subject to information reporting requirements. Those dividends or proceeds from sale or disposition may also be subject to backup withholding unless the US holder:
| • | is a corporation or other exempt recipient, and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or |
| • | provides a correct taxpayer identification number on a properly completed US Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or substitute form, certifies that the US holder is not subject to backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld under these rules will be creditable against the US holder’s US federal income tax liability or refundable to the extent that it exceeds such liability if the US holder provides the required information to the Internal Revenue Service. If a US holder is required to and does not provide a correct taxpayer identification number, the US holder may be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. All holders should consult their tax advisors as to their qualification for the exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of its public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov). Some of this information may also be found on our website at http://www.mufg.jp.
I. Subsidiary Information
Please refer to discussion under “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.”
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| Item 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk. |
Numerous changes in our business environment have occurred as a result of deregulation and globalization of the financial industry, the advancement of information technology and changes in economic conditions. We aim to be a global and comprehensive financial group encompassing leading commercial and trust banks, and securities firms in Japan. Risk management plays an increasingly important role as the risks faced by financial groups such as us increase in scope and variety.
We identify various risks arising from businesses based on uniform criteria, and implement integrated risk management to ensure a stronger financial condition and to maximize shareholder value. Based on this policy, we identify, measure, control and monitor a wide variety of risks so as to achieve a stable balance between earnings and risks. We undertake risk management to create an appropriate capital structure and to achieve optimal allocation of resources.
Risk Classification
At the holding company level, we broadly classify and define risk categories faced by the Group including those that are summarized below. Group companies perform more detailed risk management based on their respective operations.
| Type of Risk |
Definition | |
| Credit Risk | The risk of financial loss in credit assets (including off-balance sheet instruments) caused by deterioration in the credit conditions of counterparties. This category includes country risk. | |
| Market Risk | Market risk is the risk of financial loss where the value of our assets and liabilities could be adversely affected by changes in market variables such as interest rates, securities prices and foreign exchange rates. Market liquidity risk is the risk of financial loss caused by the inability to secure market transactions at the required volume or price levels as a result of market turbulence or lack of trading liquidity. | |
| Liquidity Risk | The risk of incurring loss if a poor financial position at a group company hampers the ability to meet funding requirements or necessitates fund procurement at interest rates markedly higher than normal. | |
| Operational Risk | The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people or systems, or from external events. | |
| • Operations Risk |
The risk of incurring loss that might be caused by negligence of correct operational processing, or by incidents or misconduct by either officers or staff, as well as risks similar to this risk. | |
| • Information Asset Risk |
The risk of loss caused by loss, alteration, falsification or leakage of information, or by destruction, disruption, errors or misuse of information systems, as well as risks similar to this risk. | |
| • Reputation Risk |
The risk of loss due to deterioration in reputation as a consequence of the spread of rumors among customers or in the market, or as a consequence of inadequate response to the circumstance by MUFG, as well as risks similar to this risk. | |
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Risk Management System
We have adopted an integrated risk management system to promote close cooperation among the holding company and group companies. The holding company and the major subsidiaries (which include The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB, and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., or MUS) each appoint Chief Risk Management Officers and establish independent risk management divisions. At the Risk Management Committees, our management members discuss and dynamically manage various types of risks from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The board of directors determines risk management policies for various types of risk based on the discussions held by these committees.
The holding company seeks to enhance group-wide risk identification, to integrate and improve the Group’s risk management system and related methods, to maintain asset quality, and to eliminate concentrations of specific risks. Group-wide risk management policy is determined at the holding company level and each group company implements and improves its own risk management system based on this policy.
Business Continuity Management
Based on a clear critical response rationale and associated decision-making criteria, we have developed systems to ensure that operations are not interrupted or can be restored to normal quickly in the event of a natural disaster or system failure so as to minimize any disruption to customers and markets. A crisis management team within the holding company is the central coordinating body in the event of any emergency. Based on information collected from crisis management personnel at the major subsidiaries, this central body would assess the overall impact of a crisis on the Group’s business and establish task forces that could implement all countermeasures to restore full operations. We have business continuity plans to maintain continuous operational viability in the event of natural disasters, system failures and other types of emergencies. Regular training drills are conducted to upgrade the practical effectiveness of these systems.
Implementation of Basel II
Basel II is a comprehensive regulatory framework for ensuring the soundness and stability of the international banking system. It is based on “three pillars”: (1) minimum capital requirements, (2) the self-regulation of financial institutions based on supervisory review process, and (3) market discipline through the disclosure of information. The goal of Basel II is to have these three pillars mutually reinforce each other to ensure the effectiveness of regulations. In addition, with respect to credit risk and operational risk, as compared to the previous framework, Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for measuring risks and determining the capital requirements. As a result, Basel II also reflects the nature of risks at each bank more closely. Basel II has been applied to Japanese banks since March 31, 2007.
Based on the principles of Basel II, MUFG has adopted the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approach to calculate its capital requirements for credit risk since March 31, 2009. The Standardized Approach is used for some subsidiaries that are considered to be immaterial to our overall capital requirements and a few subsidiaries have adopted a phased rollout of the internal ratings-based approach. MUFG has adopted the Standardized Approach to calculate its capital requirements for operational risk. As for market risk, MUFG has adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardized Method to calculate specific risk.
Credit Risk Management
Credit risk is the risk of losses due to deterioration in the financial condition of a borrower. We have established risk management systems to maintain asset quality, manage credit risk exposure and achieve earnings commensurate with risk.
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Our major banking subsidiaries apply a uniform credit rating system for asset evaluation and assessment, loan pricing, and quantitative measurement of credit risk. This system also underpins the calculation of capital requirements and management of credit portfolios. We continually seek to upgrade credit portfolio management, or CPM, expertise to achieve an improved risk-adjusted return based on the Group’s credit portfolio status and flexible response capability to economic and other external changes.
Credit Risk Management System
The credit portfolios of our major banking subsidiaries are monitored and assessed on a regular basis by the holding company to maintain and improve asset qualities. A uniform credit rating and asset evaluation and assessment system is used to ensure timely and proper evaluation of all credit risks.
Under our credit risk management system, each major banking subsidiary manages its respective credit risk on a consolidated and global basis, while the holding company oversees and manages credit risk on an overall group-wide basis. The holding company also convenes regular committee meetings to monitor credit risk management at banking subsidiaries and to issue guidance where necessary.
Each major banking subsidiary has in place a system of checks and balances in which a credit administration section that is independent of the business promotion sections screens individual transactions and manages the extension of credit. At the management level, regular meetings of Credit & Investment Management Committee and related deliberative bodies ensure full discussion of important matters related to credit risk management. Besides such checks and balances and internal oversight systems, credit examination sections also undertake credit testing and evaluation to ensure appropriate credit risk management.
The following diagram summarizes the credit risk management framework for our major banking subsidiaries:
Credit Rating System
MUFG and its major banking subsidiaries have introduced an integrated credit rating system to evaluate credit risk. The credit rating system consists primarily of borrower rating, facility risk rating, structured finance rating and asset securitization rating.
Country risk is also rated on a uniform group-wide basis. Our country risk rating is reviewed periodically to take into account relevant political and economic factors, including foreign currency availability.
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Risk exposure for small retail loans, such as residential mortgage loans, is managed by grouping loans into various pools and assigning ratings at the pool level.
Borrower rating
Our borrower rating classifies borrowers into 15 grades based on evaluations of their expected debt-service capability over the next three to five years.
The following table sets forth our borrower grades:
Definition of MUFG Borrower Rating
| Borrower rating |
Definition | |||
| 1-2 |
Borrower capacity to meet financial obligations deemed high and stable | |||
| 3-5 |
Borrower capacity to meet financial obligations deemed free of problems | |||
| 6-8 |
Borrower capacity to meet short-term financial obligations deemed free of problems | |||
| 9 |
Borrower capacity to meet financial obligations deemed slightly insufficient | |||
| 10-12 |
Close monitoring of borrower required due to one or more of following conditions:
[1] Borrower who has problems meeting financial obligations (e.g. principal repayments or interest payments in arrears) [2] Borrower whose business performance is poor or unsteady, or in an unfavorable financial condition [3] Borrower who has problems with loan conditions (e.g. interest rates have been reduced or deferred) | |||
| 10 |
Causes for concern identified in borrower’s business management necessitate ongoing monitoring, despite only minor problems or significant ongoing improvement | |||
| 11 |
Emergence of serious causes for concern in borrower’s business management signal need for caution in debt repayment due to major problems or requiring protracted resolution | |||
| 12 |
Borrower meeting the definition of rating 10 or 11 and holds restructured loan, or borrower with loan contractually past due 90 days or more due to particular reasons, such as an inheritance-related issue | |||
| 13 |
Borrower with respect to whom losses are expected due to major debt repayment problems (that is, although not yet bankrupt, borrower deemed likely to become bankrupt due to financial difficulties and failure to make significant progress with restructuring plans) | |||
| 14 |
Although not legally or officially bankrupt, borrower in virtual bankruptcy due to serious financial difficulties, without any realistic prospect of business recovery | |||
| 15 |
Borrower legally or officially bankrupt and subject to specific procedures, such as legal liquidation/business suspension/winding up of business/private liquidation | |||
Facility risk rating
Facility risk rating is used to evaluate and classify the quality of individual credit facilities, including guarantees and collateral. Ratings are assigned by quantitatively measuring the estimated loss rate of a facility in the event of a default.
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Structured finance rating and asset securitization rating
These ratings are also used to evaluate and classify the quality of individual credit facilities, including guarantees and collateral, and focus on the structure, including the applicable credit period, of each credit facility. In evaluating the debt service potential of a credit facility, we scrutinize its underlying structure to determine the likelihood of the planned future cash flows being achieved.
Pool assignment
Each major banking subsidiary has its own system for pooling and rating small retail loans designed to reflect the risk profile of its loan portfolios.
Asset Evaluation and Assessment System
The asset evaluation and assessment system is used to classify assets held by financial institutions according to the probability of collection and the risk of any impairment in value based on borrower classifications consistent with the borrower ratings and the status of collateral, guarantees, and other factors.
The system is used to conduct write-offs and allocate allowances against credit risk in a timely and adequate manner.
Quantitative Analysis of Credit Risk
MUFG and its major banking subsidiaries manage credit risk by monitoring credit amount and expected losses, and run simulations based on internal models to estimate the maximum amount of credit risk. These models are used for internal management purposes, including loan pricing and measuring economic capital.
When quantifying credit risk amounts using the internal models, MUFG and its major banking subsidiaries consider various parameters, including, probability of default, or PD, loss given default, or LGD, and exposure at default, or EAD, used in their borrower ratings, facility risk ratings and pool assignments as well as any credit concentration risk in particular borrower groups or industry sectors. MUFG and its major banking subsidiaries also share credit portfolio data in appropriate cases.
Loan Portfolio Management
We aim to achieve and maintain levels of earnings commensurate with credit risk exposure. Products are priced to take into account expected losses, based on the internal credit ratings.
We assess and monitor loan amounts and credit exposure by credit rating, industry and region. Portfolios are appropriately managed to limit concentrations of risk in specific categories by establishing Large Credit Guidelines.
To manage country risk, we have established specific credit ceilings by country. These ceilings are reviewed when there is any material change in a country’s credit standing, in addition to regular review.
Continuous CPM Improvement
With the prevalence of securitized products and credit derivatives in global markets, we seek to supplement conventional CPM techniques with advanced methods based on the use of such market-based instruments.
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Through credit risk quantification and portfolio management, we aim to improve the risk return profile of the Group’s credit portfolio, using financial markets to rebalance credit portfolios in a dynamic and active manner based on an accurate assessment of credit risk. The following diagram summarizes our CPM framework:
Credit Portfolio Management (CPM) Framework
Risk Management of Strategic Equity Portfolio
Strategic equity investment risk is the risk of loss caused by a decline in the prices of our equity investments.
We use quantitative analysis to manage the risks associated with the portfolio of equities held for strategic purposes. According to internal calculations, the market value of our strategically held (Tokyo Stock Exchange-listed) stocks as of March 31, 2009 was subject to a variation of approximately ¥4.6 billion per point of movement in the TOPIX index.
We seek to manage and reduce strategic equity portfolio risk based on such types of simulation. The aim is to keep this risk at appropriate levels compared with Tier 1 capital while generating returns commensurate with the degree of risk exposure.
Market Risk Management
Market risk is the risk that the value of our assets and liabilities could be adversely affected by changes in market variables such as interest rates, securities prices, or foreign exchange rates.
Management of market risk at MUFG aims to control related risk exposure across the Group while ensuring that earnings are commensurate with levels of risk.
Market Risk Management System
We have adopted an integrated system to manage market risk from its trading and non-trading activities. The holding company monitors group-wide market risk, while each of the major subsidiaries manages its market risks on a consolidated and global basis.
At each of the major subsidiaries, checks and balances are maintained through a system in which back and middle offices operate independently from front offices. In addition, separate Asset-Liability Management, or
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ALM, Committee, ALM Council and Risk Management Meetings are held at each of the major subsidiaries every month to deliberate important matters related to market risk and control.
The holding company and the major subsidiaries allocate economic capital commensurate with levels of market risk and determined within the scope of their capital bases. The major subsidiaries have established quantitative limits relating to market risk based on their allocated economic capital. In addition, in order to keep losses within predetermined limits, the major subsidiaries have also set limits for the maximum amount of losses arising from market activities. The following diagram summarizes the market risk management system of each major subsidiary:
Management System of Our Major Subsidiaries
Market Risk Management and Control
At the holding company and the major subsidiaries, market risk exposure is reported to the Chief Risk Management Officers on a daily basis. At the holding company, the Chief Risk Management Officer monitors market risk exposure across the Group as well as the major subsidiaries’ control over their quantitative limits for market risk and losses. Meanwhile, the Chief Risk Management Officers at the major subsidiaries monitor their own market risk exposure and their control over their quantitative limits for market risk and losses. In addition, various analyses on risk profiles, including stress testing, are conducted and reported to the Executive Committees and the Corporate Risk Management Committees on a regular basis. At the business unit levels in the major subsidiaries, the market risks on their marketable assets and liabilities, such as interest rate risk and foreign exchange rate risk, are controlled by entering into various hedging transactions using marketable securities and derivatives.
As part of our market risk management activities, we use certain derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate and currency exposures. We maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. We enter into interest rate swaps and other contracts as part of our interest rate risk management strategy primarily to alter the interest rate sensitivity of its loans, investment securities and deposit liabilities. Our principal objectives in risk management include asset and liability management. Asset and liability management is viewed as one of the methods for us to manage its interest rate exposures on interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Interest rate contracts, which are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and basis swaps, options and futures, allow us to effectively manage our interest rate risk position. Option contracts primarily consist of caps, floors, swaptions and options on index futures. Futures contracts used for asset and liability management activities are primarily index futures providing for cash payments based upon the movement of an underlying rate index. We enter into forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and other contracts in response to currency exposures resulting from on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies in order to limit the net foreign exchange position by currency to an appropriate level.
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These market risk management activities are performed in accordance with the predetermined rules and procedures. The internal auditors as well as independent accounting auditors regularly verify the appropriateness of the management controls over these activities and the risk evaluation models adopted.
Market Risk Measurement Model
Market risks consist of general risks and specific risks. General market risks result from changes in entire markets, while specific risks relate to changes in the prices of individual stocks and bonds which are independent of the overall direction of the market.
To measure general market risks, MUFG uses the VaR method which estimates changes in the market value of portfolios within a certain period by statistically analyzing past market data. Since the daily variation in market risk is significantly greater than that in other types of risk, MUFG measures and manages market risk using VaR on a daily basis.
Market risk for trading and non-trading activities is measured using a uniform market risk measurement model. The principal model used for these activities is historical simulation (HS) model (holding period, 10 business days; confidence interval, 99%; and observation period, 701 business days). The HS model calculates VaR amounts by estimating the profit and loss on the current portfolio by applying actual fluctuations in market rates and prices over a fixed period in the past. This method is designed to capture certain statistically infrequent movements, such as a fat tail, and accounts for the characteristics of financial instruments with non-linear behavior. Independent auditors, who were engaged only in the particular audit, verified the accuracy and appropriateness of this internal market risk model. The holding company and banking subsidiaries use the HS model to calculate Basel II regulatory capital adequacy ratios. MUFG has notified the Financial Services Agency of its use as the internal market risk model, and received approval for its use of the model in March 2007.
In calculating VaR using the HS method, we have implemented an integrated market risk measurement system throughout the Group. Our major subsidiaries calculate their VaR based on the risk and market data prepared by the information systems of their front offices and other departments. The major subsidiaries provide this risk data to the holding company, which calculates overall VaR taking into account the diversification effect among all portfolios of the major subsidiaries.
For the purpose of internally evaluating capital adequacy on an economic capital basis in terms of market risk, we use this market risk measurement model to calculate risk amounts based on a holding period of one year and a confidence interval of 99%.
Monitoring and managing our sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations is the key to managing market risk in MUFG’s non-trading activities. The major banking subsidiaries take the following approach to measuring risks concerning core deposits, loan prepayments and early deposit withdrawals.
To measure interest rate risk relating to deposits without contract-based fixed maturities, the amount of “core deposits” is calculated through a statistical analysis based on deposit balance trend data and the outlook for interest rates on deposits, business decisions, and other factors. The amount of “core deposit” is categorized into various groups of maturity terms of up to five years (2.5 years on average) to recognize interest rate risk. The calculation assumptions and methods to determine the amount of core deposits and maturity term categorization are regularly reviewed.
Meanwhile, deposits and loans with contract-based maturities are sometimes cancelled or repaid before their maturity dates. To measure interest rate risk for these deposits and loans, we reflect these early termination events mainly by applying early termination rates calculated based on a statistical analysis of historical repayment and cancellation data together with historical market interest rate data.
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Summaries of Market Risks (Fiscal Year Ended March 2009)
Trading activities
The aggregate VaR for our total trading activities as of March 31, 2009 was ¥17.29 billion, comprising interest-rate risk exposure of ¥15.98 billion, foreign exchange risk exposure of ¥3.78 billion, and equity-related risk exposure of ¥2.26 billion. Compared with the VaR as of March 31, 2008, we experienced a large increase in market risk during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, particularly our exposure to interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.
Our average daily VaR for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥16.36 billion. Based on a simple sum of figures across market risk categories, interest rate risk accounted for approximately 67%, foreign exchange risk for approximately 22% and equity-related risk for approximately 8% of our total trading activity market risks.
Due to the nature of trading operations which involves frequent changes in trading positions, market risk varied substantially during the fiscal year, depending on our trading positions.
The following tables set forth the VaR related to our trading activities by risk category for the periods indicated:
| Former method | New method(2) | |||||||||||||||||
| April 1, 2007—March 31, 2008 |
Average | Maximum(1) | Minimum(1) | Mar 31, 2008 | Mar 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||
| MUFG |
¥ | 10.99 | ¥ | 16.72 | ¥ | 5.88 | ¥ | 6.61 | ¥ | 6.91 | ||||||||
| Interest rate |
8.80 | 14.80 | 3.69 | 5.65 | 5.97 | |||||||||||||
| Yen |
5.90 | 11.26 | 1.97 | 3.88 | 3.93 | |||||||||||||
| Dollars |
1.92 | 4.54 | 0.73 | 0.94 | 1.20 | |||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
3.32 | 7.88 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | |||||||||||||
| Equities |
1.31 | 8.39 | 0.17 | 1.39 | 1.43 | |||||||||||||
| Commodities |
0.21 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.23 | |||||||||||||
| Less diversification effect |
(2.65 | ) | — | — | (1.36 | ) | (1.42 | ) | ||||||||||
| New method(2) | ||||||||||||||
| April 1, 2008—March 31, 2009 |
Average | Maximum(1) | Minimum(1) | Mar 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||||
| MUFG |
¥ | 16.36 | ¥ | 27.73 | ¥ | 8.68 | ¥ | 17.29 | ||||||
| Interest rate |
14.25 | 26.76 | 7.32 | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Yen |
8.82 | 15.60 | 3.69 | 9.16 | ||||||||||
| Dollars |
5.49 | 9.70 | 1.12 | 6.97 | ||||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
4.84 | 11.89 | 0.97 | 3.78 | ||||||||||
| Equities |
1.78 | 4.49 | 0.74 | 2.26 | ||||||||||
| Commodities |
0.32 | 0.74 | 0.06 | 0.21 | ||||||||||
| Less diversification effect |
(4.83 | ) | — | — | (4.94 | ) | ||||||||
| Assumption for VaR calculations: | ||
| Historical simulation method Holding period: 10 business days Confidence interval: 99% Observation period: 701 business days | ||
| Notes: |
| (1) | The maximum and minimum VaR overall and for various risk categories were taken from different days. A simple summation of VaR by risk category is not equal to total VaR due to the effect of diversification. |
| (2) | As of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we adopted a new method which is designed to more accurately measure the risk of statistically infrequent fluctuations with respect to corporate bonds and securitized paper for internal risk management purposes. |
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The average daily VaR by quarter in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was as follows:
| Quarter |
Daily average VaR | ||
| (in billions) | |||
| April—June 2008 |
¥ | 11.22 | |
| July—September 2008 |
12.48 | ||
| October—December 2008 |
22.50 | ||
| January—March 2009 |
19.29 | ||
The quantitative market risk figures from trading activities tend to fluctuate widely due to the market sensitive nature of trading business. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the revenue from our trading activities has been relatively stable, keeping positive numbers in 150 days out of 260 trading days in the period. During the same period, there were 100 days with positive revenue exceeding ¥1 billion and 66 days with negative revenue exceeding minus ¥1 billion.
Non-trading Activities
The aggregate VaR for our total non-trading activities as of March 31, 2009, excluding market risks related to our strategic equity portfolio and measured using the same standards as trading activities, was ¥503.3 billion. Market risks related to interest rates equaled ¥472.3 billion and equities-related risks equaled ¥58.3 billion. Compared with the VaR for MUFG at March 31, 2008, the increase in the overall market risk was ¥237.7 billion. Market risks related to interest rates increased ¥246.6 billion. Equity related risks decreased ¥13.7 billion.
Based on a simple sum of figures across market risk categories, interest rate risks accounted for approximately 89% of our total non-trading activity market risks. Looking at a breakdown of interest rate related risk by currency, at March 31, 2009, the yen accounted for approximately 29% while the US dollar approximately 62%.
The following table shows the VaR related to our non-trading activities by risk category for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009:
| April 1, 2008—March 31, 2009 |
Average | Maximum(1) | Minimum(1) | Mar 31, 2009 | ||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Interest rate |
¥ | 331.1 | ¥ | 485.8 | ¥ | 223.6 | ¥ | 472.3 | ||||
| Yen |
161.0 | 220.8 | 126.1 | 153.3 | ||||||||
| Dollars |
179.5 | 330.0 | 91.6 | 324.7 | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange |
0.7 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||
| Equities |
68.8 | 92.2 | 42.5 | 58.3 | ||||||||
| Total(1) |
367.5 | 514.1 | 257.1 | 503.3 | ||||||||
| Assumption for VaR calculations: |
| Historical simulation method Holding period: 10 business days Confidence interval: 99% Observation period: 701 business days |
| Note: |
| (1) | The maximum and minimum VaR overall for each category and in total were taken from different days. The equities-related risk figures do not include market risk exposure from our strategic equity portfolio. A simple summation of VaR by risk category is not equal to total VaR due to the effect of diversification. |
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The average daily interest rate VaR by quarter in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was as follows.
| Quarter |
Daily average VaR | ||
| (in billions) | |||
| April—June 2008 |
¥ | 281.72 | |
| July—September 2008 |
284.93 | ||
| October—December 2008 |
414.99 | ||
| January—March 2009 |
493.09 | ||
Comparing the proportion of each currency’s interest rate VaR to the total interest rate VaR as of March 31, 2009 against that as of March 31, 2008, there were a 24 percentage point decrease in Japanese yen from 53% to 29%, a 26 percentage point increase in US dollar from 36% to 62%, and a 2 percentage point decrease in Euro from 9% to 7%.
Backtesting
We conduct backtesting in which a VaR is compared with actual realized and unrealized losses on a daily basis to verify the accuracy of our VaR measurement model. We also conduct additional backtesting using other methods, including testing VaR against hypothetical losses and testing VaR by various changing parameters such as confidence intervals and observation periods used in the model.
Actual losses never exceeded VaR in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This means that our VaR model provided reasonably accurate measurements of market risk during the fiscal year.
Stress Testing
We have adopted an HS-VaR model, which calculates a VaR as a statistically possible amount of losses in a fixed confidence interval based on historical market volatility. However, the HS-VaR model is not designed to capture certain abnormal market fluctuations. In order to complement this weakness of the model, MUFG conducts portfolio stress testing to measure potential losses using a variety of scenarios.
The holding company and the major subsidiaries conduct stress testing on a daily, monthly and quarterly basis to monitor their overall portfolio risk by applying various scenarios. For example, the holding company tests estimated potential losses resulting from scenarios reflecting the market conditions at the time of testing, scenarios based on extreme historic market conditions, such as Black Monday or the 1994 bond sell-off, and scenarios involving the largest fluctuations in markets over a specific period in the past.
Daily stress testing at the holding company estimates maximum potential losses in each market on the current trading portfolio based on the worst ten-day historical volatility recorded during the VaR observation period of 701 days. As of March 31, 2009, the maximum predicted losses at the Group level on this basis were ¥12.5 billion for trading activities and ¥432.9 billion for non-trading activities, compared to ¥8.4 billion and ¥282.8 billion, respectively, as of March 31, 2008.
In light of increased market volatility since the second half of 2007, we have implemented additional tests under various stress scenarios to supplement VaR and are applying the test results to risk management.
Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is the risk of incurring losses if a poor financial position hampers the ability to meet funding requirements, or necessitates fund procurement at interest rates markedly higher than normal.
Our major subsidiaries maintain appropriate liquidity in both Japanese yen and foreign currencies by managing their funding sources and mechanism, such as liquidity gap, liquidity-supplying products such as commitment lines, and buffer assets.
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We have established a group-wide system for managing liquidity risk by categorizing the risk in the following three stages: Normal, With-Concern, and Critical. The front offices and risk management offices of the major subsidiaries and the holding company exchange information and data on liquidity risk even at the Normal stage. At higher alert stages, we centralize information about liquidity risk and discuss issues relating to group-wide liquidity control actions among group companies, if necessary. We have also established a system for liaison and consultation on funding in preparation for contingency, such as natural disasters, wars and terrorist attacks. The holding company and the major subsidiaries conduct group-wide contingency preparedness drills on a regular basis to ensure smooth implementation in the event of an emergency.
Operational Risk Management
Operational risk refers to the risk of loss caused by either internal control issues, such as inadequate operational processes or misconduct, system failures, or external factors such as a natural disaster. The term includes a broad range of risks that could lead to losses, including operations risk, information asset risk, reputation risk, legal risk, and tangible asset risk. These risks that comprise operational risk are referred to as sub-category risks.
MUFG’s board of directors has approved the MUFG Operational Risk Management Policy as a group-wide policy for managing operational risk. This policy sets forth the core principles regarding operational risk management, including the definition of operational risk, and the risk management system and processes. The policy also requires the board of directors and the Executive Committee to formulate fundamental principles of operational risk management and establish and maintain an appropriate risk management system. The Chief Risk Management Officer is responsible for recognizing, evaluating, and appropriately managing operational risk in accordance with the fundamental principles formulated by the board of directors and the Executive Committee. A division in charge of operational risk management must be established that is independent of business promotion sections to manage overall operational risk in a comprehensive manner. These fundamental principles have also been approved by the boards of directors of the major subsidiaries, providing a consistent framework for operational risk management of the Group. The diagram below sets forth the operational risk management system of each major banking subsidiary:
Management System of Our Major Banking Subsidiaries
As set forth in the following diagram, we have established a risk management framework for loss data collection, control self assessment (CSA), and measurement of operational risk in order to appropriately identify, recognize, evaluate, measure, control, monitor and report operational risk.
We have also established group-wide reporting guidelines with respect to loss data collection and its monitoring. We focus our efforts on ensuring accurate assessment of the status of operational risk losses and the implementation of appropriate countermeasures, while maintaining databases of internal and external loss events.
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The following diagram summarizes our operational risk management framework:
Risk Management Framework
Operations Risk Management
Operations risk refers to the risk of loss that is attributable to the actions of executives or employees, whether accidental or the result of neglect or deliberate misconduct. The Group companies offer a wide range of financial services, ranging from commercial banking products such as deposits, exchange services and loans to trust and related services covering pensions, securities, real estate and securitization, as well as transfer agent services. Cognizant of the potentially significant impact that operations risk-related events could have in terms of both economic losses and damage to our reputation, our banking subsidiaries continue to improve their management systems to create and apply appropriate operations risk-related controls.
Specific ongoing measures to reduce operations risk include the development of databases to manage, analyze and prevent the recurrence of related loss events; efforts to tighten controls over administrative procedures and related operating authority, while striving to improve human resources management; investments in systems to improve the efficiency of administrative operations; and programs to expand and upgrade internal auditing and operational guidance systems.
Senior management receives regular reports on the status of our businesses from an operations risk management perspective. We work to promote the sharing within the Group of information and expertise concerning any operational incidents and the measures implemented to prevent any recurrence.
Efforts to upgrade the management of operations risk continue with the aim of providing our customers with a variety of high-quality services.
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Information Asset Risk Management
Information asset risk refers to the risk of loss caused by loss, alteration, falsification or leakage of information, or by destruction, disruption, errors or misuse of information systems, as well as risks similar to this risk. In order to ensure proper handling of information and prevent loss or leakage of information, our major banking subsidiaries strive to better manage and reduce such risks through the appointment of managers with specific responsibilities for information security issues, the establishment of internal procedures, training courses designed for all staff, and the implementation of measures to ensure stable IT systems control. We have also formulated the Personal Information Protection Policy as the basis for ongoing programs to protect the confidentiality of personal information.
Systems planning, development and operations include appropriate design and extensive testing phases to ensure that systems are designed to help prevent failures while providing sufficient safeguards for the security of personal information. The status of the development of any mission-critical IT systems is reported regularly to senior management. We have developed disaster countermeasures systems and have also been investing in duplication of the Group’s IT infrastructure to minimize damage in the event of any system failure. Emergency drills are conducted to help increase staff preparedness.
With the aim of preventing any recurrence, we also work to promote sharing of information within the Group related to the causes of any loss or leakage of information, or system failure.
Compliance
Basic Policy
The MUFG Group’s policy is to strictly observe laws, regulations and internal rules, and conduct its business in a fair, trustworthy and highly transparent manner based on the Group’s management philosophy of obtaining the trust and confidence of society as a whole. Furthermore, we have established an ethical framework and code of conduct as the basic ethical guidelines for the Group’s directors and employees. We have expressed our commitment to building a corporate culture in which we act with integrity and fairness in conformity with these guidelines.
Despite these measures, in the past fiscal years, we have received administrative orders from government authorities in Japan and abroad. We view these actions with the deepest concern. In response, we have been working to ensure an appropriate compliance structure in Japan and abroad across the MUFG Group to enable sound and appropriate business management.
Ethical Framework
We, the directors and employees of MUFG, will comply with this Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct as the basis of our daily work, seeking to put into practice the management philosophy of our global comprehensive financial group and to build a corporate culture in which we act with integrity and fairness.
1. Establishment of trust
We will remain keenly aware of the Group’s social responsibilities and public mission and will exercise care and responsibility in the handling of customer and other information.
By conducting sound and appropriate business operations and disclosing corporate information in a timely and appropriate manner we will seek to establish enduring public trust in the Group.
2. Putting customers first
We will always consider our customers, and through close communication will endeavor to satisfy them and gain their support by providing financial services that best meet their needs.
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3. Strict observance of laws, regulations and internal rules
We will strictly observe applicable laws, regulations and internal rules, and will conduct our business in a fair and trustworthy manner that conforms to societal norms. As a global comprehensive financial group we will also respect internationally accepted standards.
4. Respect for human rights and the environment
We will respect the character and individuality of others, work to maintain harmony with society, and place due importance on the protection of the global environment that belongs to all mankind.
5. Disavowal of anti-social elements
We will stand resolutely against any anti-social elements that threaten public order and safety.
Compliance Framework
Management and coordination of compliance-related matters are the responsibility of separate compliance management divisions established at the holding company and the major subsidiaries. Each compliance management division formulates compliance programs and organizes training courses to promote compliance, and regularly reports to each company’s board of directors and Executive Committee on the status of compliance activities.
The holding company and each major subsidiary have also established voluntary committees, such as an Internal Audit and Compliance Committee, where members from outside the Group account for a majority, and a Compliance Committee. Through these measures, we have established a structure for deliberating key issues related to compliance. Additionally, the holding company has the Group Chief Compliance Officer, or CCO, Committee which deliberates important matters related to compliance and compliance-related issues for which the Group should share a common understanding.
CCO of Holding Company
Directors responsible for compliance at the holding company and the major subsidiaries have been named the CCOs of their respective companies. The CCOs of the major subsidiaries have also been appointed as the deputy CCOs of the holding company to assist the CCO of the holding company. This system promotes the prompt reporting of group-wide compliance-related information to the holding company and also allows the CCO of the holding company to effectively provide compliance-related guidance, advice, and instructions to MUFG Group companies.
Group CCO Committee
A Group CCO Committee has been established under the Executive Committee of the holding company. The committee consists of the CCO of the holding company as the committee chairman and the CCOs of the major subsidiaries.
By timely holding meetings, the Group CCO Committee seeks to promote greater sharing of compliance-related information among the MUFG Group companies and works to strengthen the Group’s incident prevention controls and to help the Group companies respond to unforeseen problems. The Committee also continues to strive to improve compliance systems throughout the Group.
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The following diagram summarizes our compliance framework:
Internal Reporting System and Accounting Auditing Hotline
The major subsidiaries have established internal reporting systems that aim to identify compliance issues early so that any problems can be quickly rectified. This system includes an independent external compliance hotline. Furthermore, the holding company has set up an MUFG Group Compliance Helpline that acts in pararell with group-company internal reporting systems and provides a reporting channel for directors and employees of group companies.
In addition to these internal reporting systems, the holding company has also established an accounting auditing hotline that provides a means to report any problems related to MUFG accounting.
MUFG Accounting Auditing Hotline
MUFG has set up an accounting auditing hotline to be used to make reports related to instances of improper practices (violations of laws and regulations) and inappropriate practices, or of practices raising questions about such impropriety or inappropriateness, regarding accounting and internal control or audits related to accounting in Group companies. The reporting process works as follows, and may be carried out via letter or e-mail:
Hokusei Law Office
Address: Kojimachi 4-3-4, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
e-mail: MUFG-accounting-audit-hotline@hokusei-law.com
When reporting information please pay attention to the following:
| • | Please include the name of the company concerned, and provide detailed information with respect to the matter. Without detailed factual information there is a limit to how much our investigations can achieve. |
| • | Anonymous information will be accepted. |
| • | No information regarding the identity of the informant will be passed on to third parties without the approval of the informant him- or herself. However, this excludes instances where disclosure is legally mandated, or to the extent that the information is necessary for surveys or reports, when data may be passed on following the removal of the informant’s name. |
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| • | Please submit reports in either Japanese or English. |
| • | If the informant wishes, we will endeavor to report back to the informant on the response taken within a reasonable period of time following the receipt of specific information, but cannot promise to do so in all instances. |
Internal Audit
The Role of Internal Audit
Internal audit functions within MUFG seek to provide independent verification of the adequacy and effectiveness of internal control systems. This includes monitoring the status of risk management and compliance systems, which are critical to the maintenance of sound and appropriate business operations. Internal audit results are reported to senior management. An additional role of internal audit is to make suggestions to help improve or rectify any issues or specific problems that are identified.
Group Internal Audit Framework
The board of directors at the holding company level has instituted MUFG’s internal audit policy to define the policy, function and organizational position of internal audits. Separate internal audit divisions have been created within the holding company and the major subsidiaries such as BTMU, MUTB and MUS. Through close cooperation and collaboration among the internal audit divisions in each of these companies, these internal audit divisions provide coverage for the entire group and also support the board of directors in monitoring and overseeing all MUFG operations.
In addition to having primary responsibility for initiating and preparing plans and proposals related to internal audits of the entire group, the Internal Audit Division at the holding company monitors and, as necessary, guides, advises and administers the internal audit divisions of subsidiaries and affiliated companies. The internal audit divisions within the major subsidiaries conduct audits of the respective head office and branch operations of these companies. In addition, each of these internal audit divisions undertakes direct audits of their respective subsidiaries, and monitors and oversees the separate internal audit functions established within them. This helps to evaluate and verify the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls within MUFG on a consolidated basis.
Implementing Effective and Efficient Internal Audits
To ensure that internal audit processes use available resources with optimal effectiveness and efficiency, the internal audit divisions implement risk-focused internal audits in which the nature and magnitude of the associated risks are considered in determining audit priorities and the frequency and depth of internal audit activities. The internal audit divisions ensure that audit personnel attend key meetings, collect important internal control documents and access databases to facilitate efficient off-site monitoring.
Measures to Enhance Internal Audit Independence and Supervision by the Boards of Directors
To strengthen the respective boards of directors’ monitoring and supervision of operational execution status and to enhance the independence of the internal audit divisions, the holding company and the major subsidiaries have established internal audit and compliance committees. These committees receive direct reports from the internal audit divisions on important internal audit-related matters, including the results of all internal audits and internal auditing plans requiring board approval. The deliberations of the internal audit and compliance committees concerning such matters are then reported to the respective boards of directors. This structure is intended to enhance the independence of internal audit functions from functions responsible for business execution.
| Item 12. | Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities. |
Not applicable.
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PART II
| Item 13. | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies. |
None.
| Item 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds. |
None.
| Item 15. | Controls and Procedures. |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and the Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.
Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2009.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, MUFG’s principal executive and principal financial officers, and effected by MUFG’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of MUFG;
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of MUFG are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of MUFG; and
(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of MUFG’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the evaluation, management has concluded that MUFG maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009 has been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, presented on page 165.
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the period covered by this Annual Report, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting except the changes stated below.
Since our merger with the UFJ group, we have been integrating our operations with those of the UFJ group. The integration of the existing systems of The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, into a new common IT system was completed in December 2008, and the integration of the existing systems of Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB, was also completed in December 2008.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.
(Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group):
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group) (“MUFG”) and subsidiaries (together, the “MUFG Group”) as of March 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The MUFG Group’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the MUFG Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
The MUFG Group’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the MUFG Group’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the MUFG Group’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The MUFG Group’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the MUFG Group; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the MUFG Group are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the MUFG Group; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the MUFG Group’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the MUFG Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the MUFG Group as of March 31, 2008 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity from nonowner sources, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009 (all expressed in Japanese Yen) and our report dated August 31, 2009 expressed an unqualified
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opinion on those financial statements and included explanatory paragraphs relating to i) the restatement discussed in Notes 6, 11, 15 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements, and ii) the changes in methods of accounting for a) defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, b) stock-based compensation, c) uncertainty in income taxes, d) leveraged leases, e) defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, f) fair value measurements, g) fair value option for financial assets and liabilities and h) netting of cash collateral against derivative exposures all described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC
DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU LLC
Tokyo, Japan
August 31, 2009
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| Item 16A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert. |
Our board of corporate auditors has determined that Mr. Tsutomu Takasuka is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F and is “independent” as defined in the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange. Mr. Takasuka, a corporate auditor, has spent most of his business career auditing Japanese corporations as a certified public accountant and has been a professor at Bunkyo Gakuin University since April 2004. Mr. Takasuka is an “outside corporate auditor” under Japanese law.
| Item 16B. | Code of Ethics. |
We have adopted a code of ethics, which constitutes internal rules named ethical framework and code of conduct, compliance rules and compliance manual, each of which applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions.
Our compliance rules set forth the necessity of adherence to our ethical framework and code of conduct by our directors, executive officers and employees. These rules also set forth the roles and responsibilities of our employees, compliance officers, Compliance Division and others in the event of a breach of the compliance rules.
Our compliance manual was created to identify, and to promote compliance by our directors, executive officers and employees with, the relevant laws and regulations in conjunction with our ethical framework and code of conduct and compliance rules. This manual also sets forth the procedures regarding the handling of conflicts of interest for our directors and the promotion of conduct that meets our ethical framework and code of conduct and compliance rules for employees.
A copy of the sections of our ethical framework and code of conduct, compliance rules, compliance manual, and rules of employment relating to the “code of ethics” (as defined in paragraph (b) of Item 16B. of Form 20-F) is attached as Exhibit 11 to this Annual Report. There were no material changes to the code of ethics from the previous code of ethics. For a detailed discussion of our current compliance structure, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk— Compliance.” No waivers of the ethical framework and code of conduct, compliance rules, compliance manual and rules of employment have been granted to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, directors and corporate auditors, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
| Item 16C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services. |
Fees and Services of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC
The aggregate fees billed by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC, our independent auditor, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 are presented in the following table:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Audit fees |
¥ | 4,801 | ¥ | 5,524 | ||
| Audit-related fees |
302 | 700 | ||||
| Tax fees |
245 | 213 | ||||
| All other fees |
71 | 44 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 5,419 | ¥ | 6,481 | ||
The description of our fees billed for each category described above is as follows:
Audit fees—Audit fees are primarily for annual audit of our financial statements, review of our semi-annual condensed financial statements, statutory audit of our financial statements and audits of our subsidiary financial statements and attestation services relating to the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
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Audit-related fees—Audit-related fees primarily include accounting consultations, agreed upon procedures on internal controls, employee benefit plan audit and advisory services relating to the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Tax fees—Tax fees relate primarily to tax compliance, including assistance with preparation of tax return filings, tax advisory and tax planning services.
All other fees—All other fees primarily include agreed upon procedures related to advice on operational risk management, and to operational audits of our overseas branches.
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Services by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC
Our board of corporate auditors performs the pre-approval function required by applicable SEC rules and regulations. Effective May 1, 2003, our board of corporate auditors has established pre-approval policies and procedures that MUFG and its subsidiaries must follow before engaging Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC to perform audit and permitted non-audit services.
When MUFG or a subsidiary intends to engage Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC to perform audit and permitted non-audit services, it must make an application for pre-approval on either a periodic or case-by-case basis.
| • | Periodic application is an application for pre-approval made each fiscal year for services that are expected to be provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC during the next fiscal year. |
| • | Case-by-case application is an application for pre-approval made on a case-by-case basis for services to be provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC that are not covered by the periodic application. |
Pre-approval is resolved in principle by our board of corporate auditors prior to engagement, although if necessary a full-time corporate auditor may consider any case-by-case application for pre-approval on behalf of the board of corporate auditors prior to the next scheduled board meeting. Such decisions made individually by a full-time corporate auditor are reported to and ratified by the board of corporate auditors as appropriate at the next scheduled board meeting.
Fees approved pursuant to the procedures described in paragraph 2-01(c)(7)(i)(c) of Regulation S-X, which provides for an exception to the general requirement for pre-approval in certain circumstances, were approximately 0.3% and less than 0.1% of the total fees for fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
| Item 16D. | Exemptions From the Listing Standards for Audit Committees. |
In reliance upon the general exemption contained in Rule 10A-3(c)(3) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, MUFG does not have an audit committee. Rule 10A-3 provides an exemption from the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, relating to audit committees for foreign companies like MUFG that have a board of corporate auditors established pursuant to applicable Japanese law and Articles of Incorporation. MUFG’s reliance on Rule 10A-3(c)(3) does not, in its opinion, materially adversely affect the ability of its board of corporate auditors to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.
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| Item 16E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers. |
Issuer Purchases of Common Stock
| Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |
Average Price Paid per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
|||||||
| April 1 to April 30, 2008 |
12,374 | ¥ | 967.13 | — | — | |||||
| May 1 to May 31, 2008 |
14,124 | 1,075.96 | — | — | ||||||
| June 1 to June 30, 2008 |
15,716 | 1,069.60 | — | — | ||||||
| July 1 to July 31, 2008 |
26,418 | 966.07 | — | — | ||||||
| August 1 to August 31, 2008 |
20,114 | 876.15 | — | — | ||||||
| September 1 to September 30, 2008 |
248,643,919 | 963.00 | 248,443,047 | — | (2) | |||||
| October 1 to October 31, 2008 |
17,564 | 828.74 | — | — | ||||||
| November 1 to November 30, 2008 |
10,095 | 585.16 | — | — | ||||||
| December 1 to December 31, 2008 |
31,908 | 501.58 | — | — | ||||||
| January 1 to January 31, 2009 |
3,936 | 537.10 | — | — | ||||||
| February 1 to February 28, 2009 |
8,422 | 459.16 | — | — | ||||||
| March 1 to March 31, 2009 |
15,130 | 438.78 | — | — | ||||||
| Total |
248,819,720 | ¥ | 962.86 | 248,443,047 | — | (2) | ||||
We have not made any purchases of our shares other than the above for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Notes:
| (1) | A total of 196,473 shares were purchased other than through a publicly announced plan or program during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, including our purchases of shares constituting less than one unit (100 shares) from registered holders of such shares at the current market price of those shares. |
| (2) | During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the following share repurchase plan or program was publicly announced: |
| Name of plan |
Date of |
Amount/Shares Approved |
Expiration date | |||
| Repurchase of own shares (common stock) from subsidiaries |
July 31, 2008 |
248,443,047 shares ¥239,250,654,261 |
September 25, 2008 |
The plan was implemented to repurchase from The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, and Mitsubishi UFJ Banking Corporation, or MUTB, the shares of our common stock that BTMU and MUTB respectively received in the share exchange transaction in August 2008 between us and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.
Following the expiration of the above program, we have not adopted any new plan or program.
| Item 16F. | Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant. |
Not applicable.
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| Item 16G. | Corporate Governance. |
The New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, allows NYSE-listed companies that are foreign private issuers, such as MUFG, with certain exceptions, to follow home-country practices in lieu of the corporate governance practices followed by US companies pursuant to the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual. The following sections summarize the significant differences between MUFG’s corporate governance practices and those followed by US listed companies under the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual.
1. A NYSE-listed US company must have a majority of directors that meet the independence requirements under Section 303A of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual.
As of August 21 2009, MUFG has three outside directors as members of its board of directors. For companies employing the corporate auditor system such as MUFG, the task of overseeing the management of the company is assigned to the corporate auditors as well as the board of directors. At least half of the corporate auditors are required to be an “outside corporate auditor” as defined below.
Under the Company Law of Japan, an “outside director” is defined as a director who has not served as an executive director, executive officer, manager or any other type of employee of the relevant company or any of its subsidiaries prior to his or her appointment.
For MUFG and other large Japanese companies employing a corporate governance system based on a board of corporate auditors, the Company Law has no independence or similar requirement with respect to directors.
2. A NYSE-listed US company must have an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors.
Under the Company Law, MUFG and other Japanese companies (excluding companies with committees established pursuant to the Company Law) are not obliged to establish an audit committee.
As discussed above, MUFG employs a corporate auditor system as stipulated by the Company Law. Accordingly, MUFG has established a board of corporate auditors consisting of corporate auditors with a statutory duty to audit MUFG directors’ performance of their professional duties and to review and report on the manner and results of the audit of MUFG’s financial statements, for the benefit of MUFG’s shareholders.
The Company Law requires companies employing the corporate auditor system, including MUFG, to elect at least three corporate auditors through a resolution adopted at a general meeting of shareholders. At least half of the corporate auditors must be an “outside corporate auditor,” which is defined as a corporate auditor who has not served as a director, account assistant, executive officer, manager, or any other employee of the relevant company or any of its subsidiaries.
As of August 21 2009, MUFG had five corporate auditors, three of whom are outside corporate auditors.
3. A NYSE-listed US company must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors.
Under the Company Law, MUFG and other Japanese companies (excluding companies with committees established pursuant to the Company Law) are not obliged to establish a compensation committee.
The maximum aggregate amounts of compensation for MUFG’s directors and corporate auditors are approved at MUFG’s general meeting of shareholders. The amount and allocation of compensation for each MUFG director are then proposed to, and voted upon by, the board of directors. The amount and allocation of compensation for each MUFG corporate auditor are determined through discussions and agreement among MUFG’s corporate auditors.
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4. A NYSE-listed US company must have a nominating or corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.
Under the Company Law, MUFG and other Japanese companies (excluding companies with committees established pursuant to the Company Law) are not obliged to establish a nominating or corporate governance committee.
MUFG’s directors are elected or dismissed at MUFG’s general meeting of shareholders in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Company Law and MUFG’s Articles of Incorporation. MUFG’s corporate auditors are also elected or dismissed at MUFG’s general meeting of shareholders. A proposal by MUFG’s board of directors to elect a corporate auditor needs the consent of its board of corporate auditors. MUFG’s board of corporate auditors is empowered to adopt a resolution requesting that MUFG’s directors submit a proposal for election of a corporate auditor to MUFG’s general meeting of shareholders.
The corporate auditors have the right to state their opinion concerning the election or dismissal of a corporate auditor at MUFG’s general meeting of shareholders.
5. A NYSE-listed US company must obtain shareholder approval with respect to any equity compensation plan.
Under the Company Law, a public company seeking to issue “stock acquisition rights” (granting the holder thereof the right to acquire from the issuer shares of its stock at a prescribed price) must obtain approval from its board of directors, rather than its shareholders.
When stock acquisition rights are issued under terms and conditions that are especially favorable to the recipients thereof, such issuance must be approved by a “special resolution” of a general meeting of shareholders. Under MUFG’s Articles of Incorporation, the quorum to pass a special resolution is established when there is at least one-third of the total outstanding voting rights, and the approval of at least two-thirds of the voting rights represented at the relevant general meeting of shareholders of MUFG is required to pass the special resolution.
6. A NYSE-listed US company must adopt and disclose Corporate Governance Guidelines and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and it must also disclose any exemptions granted to directors or executives.
Under the Company Law, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan and applicable stock exchange rules, Japanese companies, including MUFG, are not obliged to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers or employees. However, to further enhance its disclosure, MUFG has decided to disclose the details of its corporate governance in its Annual Securities Report and related disclosure reports.
MUFG has also adopted a code of ethics, compliance rules and a compliance manual which it believes are compliant with the requirements for a Code of Ethics as set forth under Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. MUFG has disclosed the relevant sections of its code of ethics, compliance rules and compliance manual as an exhibit to this Annual Report. No exemptions from MUFG’s code of ethics, compliance rules or compliance manual were granted to its directors or executives during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
7. A NYSE-listed US company must hold regularly scheduled executive sessions where participants are limited to non-management directors.
Under the Company Law, Japanese corporations are not obliged to hold executive sessions where participants are limited to non-management directors. Such executive sessions are also not required under MUFG’s internal corporate governance rules.
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PART III
| Item 17. | Financial Statements. |
In lieu of responding to this item, we have responded to Item 18 of this Annual Report.
| Item 18. | Financial Statements. |
The information required by this item is set forth in our consolidated financial statements starting on page F-1 of this Annual Report.
| Item 19. | Exhibits. |
| Exhibit | Description | |
| 1(a) | Articles of Incorporation of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 26, 2009. (English translation) | |
| 1(b) | Board of Directors Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 29, 2006. (English translation)* | |
| 1(c) | Corporation Meetings Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on July 31, 2006. (English translation)* | |
| 1(d) | Share Handling Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 26, 2009. (English Translation) | |
| 2(a) | Form of American Depositary Receipt.* | |
| 2(b) | Form of Deposit Agreement, amended and restated as of December 22, 2004, among Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. (subsequently renamed Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.), The Bank of New York Mellon and the holders from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder.* | |
| 4(a) | Share Exchange Agreement, dated May 28, 2008, between Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (English translation)** | |
| 4(b) | Agreement and Plan of Merger among UnionBanCal Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Merger Sub, dated as of August 18, 2008.** | |
| 4(c) | Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., the first amendment thereto entered into on October 3, 2008, the second amendment thereto entered into on October 8, 2008 and the third amendment thereto entered into on October 13, 2008, and Amended Certificate of Designations of Preferences and Rights of the 10% Series B Non-Cumulative Non-Voting Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock ($1,000 Liquidation Preference per Share) of Morgan Stanley and Certificate of Designations of Preferences and Rights of the 10% Series C Non-Cumulative Non-Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock ($1,000 Liquidation Preference per Share) of Morgan Stanley. | |
| 4(d) | Investor Agreement dated as of October 13, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., and the first amendment thereto entered into on October 27, 2008. | |
| 4(e) | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 13, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. | |
| 8 | Subsidiaries of the Company—see “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.” | |
| 11 | Ethical framework and code of conduct, compliance rules, compliance manual and rules of employment of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. applicable to its directors and managing officers, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. (English translation of relevant sections)*** | |
| 12 | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)). | |
| 13 | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). | |
| 15 | Consent of independent registered public accounting firm. | |
Notes:
| * | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 28, 2006. |
| ** | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 19, 2008. |
| *** | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 21, 2007. |
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Due to close integration of our foreign and domestic activities, it is difficult to make a precise determination of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of our foreign operations. The foreign operations as presented include the business conducted by overseas subsidiaries and branches, and the international business conducted by the several international banking related divisions headquartered in Japan. Our management believes that the results appropriately represent our domestic and foreign activities.
On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc., or MTFG, merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc. with MTFG being the surviving entity. Upon consummation of the merger, MTFG changed its name to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., or MUFG. The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. Therefore, numbers as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 reflect the financial position and results of MTFG and its subsidiaries, or the MTFG Group, only. Numbers as of March 31, 2006 reflect the financial position of MUFG and its subsidiaries, or the MUFG Group, while numbers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 comprised the results of the MTFG Group for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the results of the MUFG Group from October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 reflect the financial position and results of the MUFG Group.
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I. Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential
Average Balance Sheets, Interest and Average Rates
The following table shows our average balances, interest and average interest rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Average balances are generally based on a daily average while a month-end average is used for certain average balances when it is not practicable to obtain applicable daily averages. The average balances determined by such methods are considered to be representative of our operations.
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average balance |
Interest income |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Interest income |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Interest income |
Average rate |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning deposits in other banks: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 696,025 | ¥ | 17,250 | 2.48 | % | ¥ | 715,565 | ¥ | 27,905 | 3.90 | % | ¥ | 644,550 | ¥ | 11,900 | 1.85 | % | ||||||||||||
| Foreign |
5,561,241 | 233,784 | 4.20 | 7,161,894 | 230,639 | 3.22 | 5,103,530 | 112,932 | 2.21 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
6,257,266 | 251,034 | 4.01 | 7,877,459 | 258,544 | 3.28 | 5,748,080 | 124,832 | 2.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
5,253,790 | 21,681 | 0.41 | 6,755,706 | 46,405 | 0.69 | 5,264,909 | 30,626 | 0.58 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
3,863,096 | 140,792 | 3.64 | 7,357,362 | 262,170 | 3.56 | 6,846,958 | 248,114 | 3.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
9,116,886 | 162,473 | 1.78 | 14,113,068 | 308,575 | 2.19 | 12,111,867 | 278,740 | 2.30 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
6,133,100 | 58,151 | 0.95 | 4,347,140 | 66,046 | 1.52 | 7,305,737 | 72,511 | 0.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
2,056,877 | 41,767 | 2.03 | 2,629,800 | 44,302 | 1.68 | 13,556,131 | 388,023 | 2.86 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
8,189,977 | 99,918 | 1.22 | 6,976,940 | 110,348 | 1.58 | 20,861,868 | 460,534 | 2.21 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities(1): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
39,170,309 | 305,411 | 0.78 | 34,451,745 | 345,242 | 1.00 | 31,950,811 | 352,235 | 1.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
10,474,119 | 449,390 | 4.29 | 12,012,930 | 553,597 | 4.61 | 2,411,191 | 121,092 | 5.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
49,644,428 | 754,801 | 1.52 | 46,464,675 | 898,839 | 1.93 | 34,362,002 | 473,327 | 1.38 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
78,942,886 | 1,721,442 | 2.18 | 76,926,024 | 1,709,133 | 2.22 | 76,520,426 | 1,607,122 | 2.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
16,615,898 | 926,061 | 5.57 | 20,109,157 | 1,081,372 | 5.38 | 23,638,502 | 951,239 | 4.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
95,558,784 | 2,647,503 | 2.77 | 97,035,181 | 2,790,505 | 2.88 | 100,158,928 | 2,558,361 | 2.55 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
130,196,110 | 2,123,935 | 1.63 | 123,196,180 | 2,194,731 | 1.78 | 121,686,433 | 2,074,394 | 1.70 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
38,571,231 | 1,791,794 | 4.65 | 49,271,143 | 2,172,080 | 4.41 | 51,556,312 | 1,821,400 | 3.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
168,767,341 | 3,915,729 | 2.32 | 172,467,323 | 4,366,811 | 2.53 | 173,242,745 | 3,895,794 | 2.25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-earning assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks |
3,308,678 | 2,901,241 | 2,922,401 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-earning assets(3) |
17,267,978 | 23,726,071 | 21,240,425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses |
(1,054,890 | ) | (1,147,943 | ) | (1,191,181 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets(3) |
19,521,766 | 25,479,369 | 22,971,645 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets from discontinued operations |
22,040 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets(3) |
¥ | 188,311,147 | ¥ | 197,946,692 | ¥ | 196,214,390 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | Tax-exempt income of tax-exempt investment securities has not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material. |
| (2) | Average balances on loans outstanding include all nonaccrual and restructured loans. See “III. Loan Portfolio.” The amortized portion of net loan origination fees (costs) is included in interest income on loans, representing an adjustment to the yields of an insignificant amount. |
| (3) | Effective April 1, 2008, we discontinued netting our derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and we now present them on a gross basis. See Note 1 “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail. We restated the average balances of “Other non-interest-earning assets” for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. Accordingly, “Total non-interest-earning assets” and “Total assets” have been restated for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. |
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Table of Contents
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average balance |
Interest expense |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Interest expense |
Average rate |
Average balance |
Interest expense |
Average rate |
|||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 90,667,366 | ¥ | 290,589 | 0.32 | % | ¥ | 92,850,670 | ¥ | 442,938 | 0.48 | % | ¥ | 95,431,983 | ¥ | 381,109 | 0.40 | % | |||||||||
| Foreign |
14,510,114 | 545,310 | 3.76 | 18,289,382 | 651,018 | 3.56 | 16,459,276 | 355,347 | 2.16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
105,177,480 | 835,899 | 0.79 | 111,140,052 | 1,093,956 | 0.98 | 111,891,259 | 736,456 | 0.66 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
10,880,404 | 131,616 | 1.21 | 11,425,960 | 164,593 | 1.44 | 11,263,438 | 89,694 | 0.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
3,795,292 | 152,536 | 4.02 | 7,289,632 | 282,664 | 3.88 | 7,395,052 | 285,182 | 3.86 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
14,675,696 | 284,152 | 1.94 | 18,715,592 | 447,257 | 2.39 | 18,658,490 | 374,876 | 2.01 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Due to trust account—Domestic |
1,981,427 | 5,863 | 0.30 | 1,653,717 | 8,014 | 0.48 | 1,479,736 | 6,843 | 0.46 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
9,135,721 | 73,643 | 0.81 | 7,247,750 | 66,893 | 0.92 | 7,289,639 | 82,807 | 1.14 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
2,416,109 | 101,602 | 4.21 | 3,231,819 | 139,470 | 4.32 | 3,599,444 | 87,717 | 2.44 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
11,551,830 | 175,245 | 1.52 | 10,479,569 | 206,363 | 1.97 | 10,889,083 | 170,524 | 1.57 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
9,667,805 | 160,412 | 1.66 | 10,053,815 | 172,659 | 1.72 | 9,251,228 | 160,773 | 1.74 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
3,741,775 | 124,392 | 3.32 | 4,109,237 | 158,845 | 3.87 | 3,915,063 | 149,917 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
13,409,580 | 284,804 | 2.12 | 14,163,052 | 331,504 | 2.34 | 13,166,291 | 310,690 | 2.36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
122,332,723 | 662,123 | 0.54 | 123,231,912 | 855,097 | 0.69 | 124,716,024 | 721,226 | 0.58 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
24,463,290 | 923,840 | 3.78 | 32,920,070 | 1,231,997 | 3.74 | 31,368,835 | 878,163 | 2.80 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
146,796,013 | 1,585,963 | 1.08 | 156,151,982 | 2,087,094 | 1.34 | 156,084,859 | 1,599,389 | 1.02 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing liabilities(1) |
31,674,086 | 31,837,328 | 32,154,903 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities from discontinued operations |
17,644 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
9,823,404 | 9,957,382 | 7,974,628 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity(1) |
¥ | 188,311,147 | ¥ | 197,946,692 | ¥ | 196,214,390 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income and interest rate spread |
¥ | 2,329,766 | 1.24 | % | ¥ | 2,279,717 | 1.19 | % | ¥ | 2,296,405 | 1.23 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets |
1.38 | % | 1.32 | % | 1.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Effective April 1, 2008, we discontinued netting our derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and we now present them on a gross basis. See Note 1 “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail. We restated average balances of “Non-interest-bearing liabilities” for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. Accordingly, “Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity” have been restated for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. |
A-3
Table of Contents
The percentage of total average assets attributable to foreign activities was 23.3%, 28.0% and 30.1%, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
The percentage of total average liabilities attributable to foreign activities was 23.9%, 29.1% and 31.0%, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Analysis of Net Interest Income
The following table shows changes in our net interest income by changes in volume and by changes in rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 versus fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 |
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 versus fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) due to changes in |
Increase (decrease) due to changes in |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume(1) | Rate(1) | Net change | Volume(1) | Rate(1) | Net change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning deposits in other banks: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 497 | ¥ | 10,158 | ¥ | 10,655 | ¥ | (1,443 | ) | ¥ | (14,562 | ) | ¥ | (16,005 | ) | |||||||||
| Foreign |
51,547 | (54,692 | ) | (3,145 | ) | (55,289 | ) | (62,418 | ) | (117,707 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Total |
52,044 | (44,534 | ) | 7,510 | (56,732 | ) | (76,980 | ) | (133,712 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
7,437 | 17,287 | 24,724 | (9,629 | ) | (6,150 | ) | (15,779 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
124,514 | (3,136 | ) | 121,378 | (18,188 | ) | 4,132 | (14,056 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
131,951 | 14,151 | 146,102 | (27,817 | ) | (2,018 | ) | (29,835 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(16,934 | ) | 24,829 | 7,895 | 29,365 | (22,900 | ) | 6,465 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
9,652 | (7,117 | ) | 2,535 | 294,215 | 49,506 | 343,721 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total |
(7,282 | ) | 17,712 | 10,430 | 323,580 | 26,606 | 350,186 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(36,791 | ) | 76,622 | 39,831 | (25,062 | ) | 32,055 | 6,993 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
69,274 | 34,933 | 104,207 | (442,481 | ) | 9,976 | (432,505 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
32,483 | 111,555 | 144,038 | (467,543 | ) | 42,031 | (425,512 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Loans: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(43,980 | ) | 31,671 | (12,309 | ) | (8,560 | ) | (93,451 | ) | (102,011 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Foreign |
187,850 | (32,539 | ) | 155,311 | 142,025 | (272,158 | ) | (130,133 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
143,870 | (868 | ) | 143,002 | 133,465 | (365,609 | ) | (232,144 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(89,771 | ) | 160,567 | 70,796 | (15,329 | ) | (105,008 | ) | (120,337 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
442,837 | (62,551 | ) | 380,286 | (79,718 | ) | (270,962 | ) | (350,680 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 353,066 | ¥ | 98,016 | ¥ | 451,082 | ¥ | (95,047 | ) | ¥ | (375,970 | ) | ¥ | (471,017 | ) | |||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | Volume/rate variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.” |
| (2) | Tax-exempt income of tax-exempt investment securities has not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material. |
A-4
Table of Contents
| Fiscal year ended March 31,
2007 versus fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 |
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 versus fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) due to changes in |
Net change | Increase (decrease) due to changes in |
Net change | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume(1) | Rate(1) | Volume(1) | Rate(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 7,158 | ¥ | 145,191 | ¥ | 152,349 | ¥ | 10,309 | ¥ | (72,138 | ) | ¥ | (61,829 | ) | ||||||||||
| Foreign |
134,525 | (28,817 | ) | 105,708 | (43,261 | ) | (252,410 | ) | (295,671 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total |
141,683 | 116,374 | 258,057 | (32,952 | ) | (324,548 | ) | (357,500 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
6,861 | 26,116 | 32,977 | (1,313 | ) | (73,586 | ) | (74,899 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
135,497 | (5,369 | ) | 130,128 | 4,065 | (1,547 | ) | 2,518 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
142,358 | 20,747 | 163,105 | 2,752 | (75,133 | ) | (72,381 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Due to trust account—Domestic |
(970 | ) | 3,121 | 2,151 | (832 | ) | (339 | ) | (1,171 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
(15,219 | ) | 8,469 | (6,750 | ) | 389 | 15,525 | 15,914 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
35,137 | 2,731 | 37,868 | 8,959 | (60,712 | ) | (51,753 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
19,918 | 11,200 | 31,118 | 9,348 | (45,187 | ) | (35,839 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
6,524 | 5,723 | 12,247 | (13,783 | ) | 1,897 | (11,886 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
12,964 | 21,489 | 34,453 | (7,495 | ) | (1,433 | ) | (8,928 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
19,488 | 27,212 | 46,700 | (21,278 | ) | 464 | (20,814 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
4,354 | 188,620 | 192,974 | (5,230 | ) | (128,641 | ) | (133,871 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
318,123 | (9,966 | ) | 308,157 | (37,732 | ) | (316,102 | ) | (353,834 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 322,477 | ¥ | 178,654 | ¥ | 501,131 | ¥ | (42,962 | ) | ¥ | (444,743 | ) | ¥ | (487,705 | ) | |||||||||
| Net interest income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | (94,125 | ) | ¥ | (28,053 | ) | ¥ | (122,178 | ) | ¥ | (10,099 | ) | ¥ | 23,633 | ¥ | 13,534 | ||||||||
| Foreign |
124,714 | (52,585 | ) | 72,129 | (41,986 | ) | 45,140 | 3,154 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 30,589 | ¥ | (80,638 | ) | ¥ | (50,049 | ) | ¥ | (52,085 | ) | ¥ | 68,773 | ¥ | 16,688 | |||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Volume/rate variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.” |
A-5
Table of Contents
II. Investment Portfolio
The following table shows information as to the value of our investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 20,939,737 | ¥ | 20,980,858 | ¥ | 41,121 | ¥ | 16,133,001 | ¥ | 16,185,893 | ¥ | 52,892 | ¥ | 23,846,153 | ¥ | 23,892,774 | ¥ | 46,621 | ||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
4,583,458 | 4,666,221 | 82,763 | 3,998,366 | 4,094,185 | 95,819 | 3,698,535 | 3,776,958 | 78,423 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
4,430,995 | 8,301,479 | 3,870,484 | 4,009,747 | 5,993,883 | 1,984,136 | 3,318,143 | 3,937,517 | 619,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
820,836 | 823,259 | 2,423 | 714,627 | 720,370 | 5,743 | 737,866 | 739,494 | 1,628 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
30,775,026 | 34,771,817 | 3,996,791 | 24,855,741 | 26,994,331 | 2,138,590 | 31,600,697 | 32,346,743 | 746,046 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds |
2,080,476 | 2,094,353 | 13,877 | 1,912,224 | 1,918,466 | 6,242 | 87,998 | 91,044 | 3,046 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other governments and official institutions bonds |
1,388,746 | 1,443,758 | 55,012 | 1,725,342 | 1,752,357 | 27,015 | 97,563 | 99,587 | 2,024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
2,654,875 | 2,720,421 | 65,546 | 3,376,511 | 3,375,585 | (926 | ) | 559,937 | 555,397 | (4,540 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
4,400,437 | 4,649,433 | 248,996 | 4,706,437 | 4,688,562 | (17,875 | ) | 347,422 | 297,316 | (50,106 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
10,524,534 | 10,907,965 | 383,431 | 11,720,514 | 11,734,970 | 14,456 | 1,092,920 | 1,043,344 | (49,576 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 41,299,560 | ¥ | 45,679,782 | ¥ | 4,380,222 | ¥ | 36,576,255 | ¥ | 38,729,301 | ¥ | 2,153,046 | ¥ | 32,693,617 | ¥ | 33,390,087 | ¥ | 696,470 | ||||||||||||
| Securities being held to maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 2,809,445 | ¥ | 2,808,716 | ¥ | (729 | ) | ¥ | 2,601,852 | ¥ | 2,618,946 | ¥ | 17,094 | ¥ | 1,352,213 | ¥ | 1,369,652 | ¥ | 17,439 | |||||||||||
| Other securities |
164,291 | 165,477 | 1,186 | 204,181 | 206,437 | 2,256 | 187,015 | 188,789 | 1,774 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
2,973,736 | 2,974,193 | 457 | 2,806,033 | 2,825,383 | 19,350 | 1,539,228 | 1,558,441 | 19,213 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds |
7,451 | 7,842 | 391 | 4,592 | 5,256 | 664 | 82,491 | 83,892 | 1,401 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other governments and official institutions bonds |
6,691 | 6,663 | (28 | ) | 5,010 | 5,010 | — | 122,463 | 123,153 | 690 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
45,221 | 45,862 | 641 | 24,031 | 24,748 | 717 | 1,068,171 | 1,060,960 | (7,211 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
59,363 | 60,367 | 1,004 | 33,633 | 35,014 | 1,381 | 1,273,125 | 1,268,005 | (5,120 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 3,033,099 | ¥ | 3,034,560 | ¥ | 1,461 | ¥ | 2,839,666 | ¥ | 2,860,397 | ¥ | 20,731 | ¥ | 2,812,353 | ¥ | 2,826,446 | ¥ | 14,093 | ||||||||||||
Nonmarketable equity securities presented in Other investment securities in the consolidated financial statements were primarily carried at costs of ¥623,430 million, ¥513,975 million and ¥1,390,315 million, at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The corresponding estimated fair values at those dates were not readily determinable. Investment securities held by certain subsidiaries subject to specialized industry accounting principles in AICPA Guides presented in Other investment securities were carried at fair value of ¥47,529 million, ¥66,038 million and ¥43,809 million, at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
A-6
Table of Contents
The following table presents the book values, maturities and weighted average yields of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity, excluding equity securities, at March 31, 2009. Weighted average yields are calculated based on amortized cost. Yields on tax-exempt obligations have not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material:
| Maturities within one year |
Maturities after one year but within five years |
Maturities after five years but within ten years |
Maturities after ten years |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 11,740,550 | 0.13 | % | ¥ | 6,794,256 | 0.98 | % | ¥ | 3,408,923 | 1.34 | % | ¥ | 1,949,045 | 1.18 | % | ¥ | 23,892,774 | 0.63 | % | ||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
457,228 | 0.99 | 2,620,392 | 1.16 | 655,680 | 1.26 | 43,658 | 1.34 | 3,776,958 | 1.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
213,707 | 1.17 | 218,828 | 1.18 | 283,633 | 1.49 | 23,326 | 1.53 | 739,494 | 1.31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
12,411,485 | 0.18 | 9,633,476 | 1.03 | 4,348,236 | 1.34 | 2,016,029 | 1.18 | 28,409,226 | 0.71 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds |
40,504 | 4.22 | 48,983 | 3.97 | 1,163 | 9.43 | 394 | 8.25 | 91,044 | 4.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other governments and official institutions bonds |
29,727 | 3.82 | 65,730 | 3.55 | 1,925 | 4.46 | 2,205 | 5.10 | 99,587 | 3.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
59 | 4.79 | 21,510 | 3.91 | 139,968 | 3.97 | 393,860 | 4.82 | 555,397 | 4.57 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
32,758 | 1.86 | 89,656 | 2.63 | 94,247 | 3.94 | 58,391 | 3.82 | 275,052 | 3.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
103,048 | 3.35 | 225,879 | 3.30 | 237,303 | 3.98 | 454,850 | 4.66 | 1,021,080 | 4.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 12,514,533 | 0.20 | % | ¥ | 9,859,355 | 1.08 | % | ¥ | 4,585,539 | 1.49 | % | ¥ | 2,470,879 | 1.86 | % | ¥ | 29,430,306 | 0.84 | % | ||||||||||
| Securities being held to maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 225,288 | 0.64 | % | ¥ | 1,072,542 | 1.21 | % | ¥ | 17,844 | 1.00 | % | ¥ | 36,539 | 1.36 | % | ¥ | 1,352,213 | 1.12 | % | ||||||||||
| Other securities |
16,352 | 1.61 | 169,666 | 1.43 | — | — | 997 | 1.87 | 187,015 | 1.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
241,640 | 0.71 | 1,242,208 | 1.24 | 17,844 | 1.00 | 37,536 | 1.38 | 1,539,228 | 1.16 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds |
— | — | 79,440 | 2.36 | — | — | 3,051 | 7.45 | 82,491 | 2.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other governments and official institutions bonds |
2,947 | 2.19 | 119,516 | 2.74 | — | — | — | — | 122,463 | 2.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other securities |
2,017 | 5.38 | 1,780 | 2.70 | 200,929 | 2.28 | 863,445 | 4.26 | 1,068,171 | 3.89 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
4,964 | 3.49 | 200,736 | 2.59 | 200,929 | 2.28 | 866,496 | 4.27 | 1,273,125 | 3.69 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 246,604 | 0.76 | % | ¥ | 1,442,944 | 1.43 | % | ¥ | 218,773 | 2.18 | % | ¥ | 904,032 | 4.15 | % | ¥ | 2,812,353 | 2.31 | % | ||||||||||
Excluding U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds and Japanese national government bonds, the following table sets forth the securities of individual issuers held in our investment securities portfolio which exceeded 10% of our consolidated total shareholders’ equity at March 31,2009:
| Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Japanese government agency bonds issued by Japan Housing Finance Agency |
¥ | 643,426 | ¥ | 640,095 | ||
A-7
Table of Contents
III. Loan Portfolio
The following table shows our loans outstanding, before deduction of allowance for credit losses, by domicile and type of industry of borrower at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2009. Classification of loans by industry is based on the industry segment loan classification as defined by the Bank of Japan for regulatory reporting purposes and is not necessarily based on use of proceeds:
| At March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2005(3) | 2006(3) | 2007(3) | 2008(3) | 2009 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 6,355,895 | ¥ | 10,546,566 | ¥ | 10,869,329 | ¥ | 11,178,924 | ¥ | 12,922,822 | |||||||||
| Construction |
951,800 | 1,835,104 | 1,812,454 | 1,728,534 | 1,803,541 | ||||||||||||||
| Real estate |
6,522,713 | 11,026,786 | 10,432,600 | 10,857,072 | 10,436,795 | ||||||||||||||
| Services |
3,567,246 | 7,220,040 | 6,902,660 | 6,553,980 | 6,750,442 | ||||||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
5,129,782 | 9,134,683 | 9,317,518 | 9,308,599 | 9,760,805 | ||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
3,602,591 | 5,054,477 | 4,358,275 | 4,671,499 | 4,836,047 | ||||||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
784,301 | 1,177,137 | 1,167,630 | 1,150,438 | 732,652 | ||||||||||||||
| Other industries |
7,209,900 | 13,591,354 | 10,559,974 | 10,806,144 | 9,515,861 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer |
6,863,283 | 20,362,015 | 21,954,409 | 21,517,672 | 20,542,398 | ||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
40,987,511 | 79,948,162 | 77,374,849 | 77,772,862 | 77,301,363 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
212,750 | 332,213 | 374,157 | 316,761 | 351,134 | ||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
917,409 | 1,101,152 | 1,694,951 | 2,100,057 | 2,687,004 | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
7,527,695 | 11,776,784 | 13,470,223 | 16,189,725 | 17,550,544 | ||||||||||||||
| Other |
1,277,329 | 2,337,237 | 2,459,577 | 2,706,750 | 2,510,521 | ||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
9,935,183 | 15,547,386 | 17,998,908 | 21,313,293 | 23,099,203 | ||||||||||||||
| Total |
50,922,694 | 95,495,548 | 95,373,757 | 99,086,155 | 100,400,566 | ||||||||||||||
| Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net |
(18,678 | ) | 11,287 | (50,913 | ) | (84,076 | ) | (90,225 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total(2) |
¥ | 50,904,016 | ¥ | 95,506,835 | ¥ | 95,322,844 | ¥ | 99,002,079 | ¥ | 100,310,341 | |||||||||
| Notes: |
| (1) | Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses. |
| (2) | The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥36,424 million, ¥41,904 million, ¥113,580 million, ¥505,626 million and ¥119,596 million at March 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. |
A-8
Table of Contents
| (3) | Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 has been restated as follows: |
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 6,498,384 | ¥ | 6,355,895 | ¥ | 10,766,623 | ¥ | 10,546,566 | ¥ | 10,988,248 | ¥ | 10,869,329 | ¥ | 11,322,092 | ¥ | 11,178,924 | ||||||||||||||
| Construction |
990,217 | 951,800 | 1,994,180 | 1,835,104 | 1,843,033 | 1,812,454 | 1,759,436 | 1,728,534 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate |
5,809,522 | 6,522,713 | 9,050,666 | 11,026,786 | 8,307,407 | 10,432,600 | 8,247,964 | 10,857,072 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services |
3,815,090 | 3,567,246 | 6,760,142 | 7,220,040 | 7,069,095 | 6,902,660 | 6,707,417 | 6,553,980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
5,268,124 | 5,129,782 | 9,791,718 | 9,134,683 | 9,430,037 | 9,317,518 | 9,436,939 | 9,308,599 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
3,693,034 | 3,602,591 | 5,556,519 | 5,054,477 | 4,484,294 | 4,358,275 | 4,825,368 | 4,671,499 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
787,982 | 784,301 | 1,188,789 | 1,177,137 | 1,170,036 | 1,167,630 | 1,152,727 | 1,150,438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other industries |
6,791,057 | 7,209,900 | 11,770,712 | 13,591,354 | 10,264,718 | 10,559,974 | 10,412,330 | 10,806,144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer |
7,334,101 | 6,863,283 | 23,068,813 | 20,362,015 | 23,817,981 | 21,954,409 | 23,908,589 | 21,517,672 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
40,987,511 | 40,987,511 | 79,948,162 | 79,948,162 | 77,374,849 | 77,374,849 | 77,772,862 | 77,772,862 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
212,750 | 212,750 | 332,213 | 332,213 | 374,157 | 374,157 | 316,761 | 316,761 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
917,409 | 917,409 | 1,101,152 | 1,101,152 | 1,694,951 | 1,694,951 | 2,100,057 | 2,100,057 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
7,527,695 | 7,527,695 | 11,776,784 | 11,776,784 | 13,468,916 | 13,470,223 | 16,188,426 | 16,189,725 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
1,277,329 | 1,277,329 | 2,337,237 | 2,337,237 | 2,460,884 | 2,459,577 | 2,708,049 | 2,706,750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
9,935,183 | 9,935,183 | 15,547,386 | 15,547,386 | 17,998,908 | 17,998,908 | 21,313,293 | 21,313,293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
50,922,694 | 50,922,694 | 95,495,548 | 95,495,548 | 95,373,757 | 95,373,757 | 99,086,155 | 99,086,155 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net |
(18,678 | ) | (18,678 | ) | 11,287 | 11,287 | (50,913 | ) | (50,913 | ) | (84,076 | ) | (84,076 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 50,904,016 | ¥ | 50,904,016 | ¥ | 95,506,835 | ¥ | 95,506,835 | ¥ | 95,322,844 | ¥ | 95,322,844 | ¥ | 99,002,079 | ¥ | 99,002,079 | ||||||||||||||
A-9
Table of Contents
Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates
The following table shows the maturities of our loan portfolio at March 31, 2009:
| Maturity | ||||||||||||
| One year or less | One to five years | Over five years | Total | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 8,189,764 | ¥ | 4,012,303 | ¥ | 720,755 | ¥ | 12,922,822 | ||||
| Construction |
1,077,231 | 623,516 | 102,794 | 1,803,541 | ||||||||
| Real estate |
2,813,525 | 3,501,064 | 4,122,206 | 10,436,795 | ||||||||
| Services |
2,920,098 | 3,012,479 | 817,865 | 6,750,442 | ||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
6,526,845 | 2,872,522 | 361,438 | 9,760,805 | ||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
2,583,425 | 2,061,914 | 190,708 | 4,836,047 | ||||||||
| Communication and information services |
316,440 | 360,913 | 55,299 | 732,652 | ||||||||
| Other industries |
6,337,794 | 2,025,082 | 1,152,985 | 9,515,861 | ||||||||
| Consumer |
2,392,616 | 4,096,950 | 14,052,832 | 20,542,398 | ||||||||
| Total Domestic |
33,157,738 | 22,566,743 | 21,576,882 | 77,301,363 | ||||||||
| Foreign |
10,488,006 | 8,537,721 | 4,073,476 | 23,099,203 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 43,645,744 | ¥ | 31,104,464 | ¥ | 25,650,358 | ¥ | 100,400,566 | ||||
The above loans due after one year which had predetermined interest rates and floating or adjustable interest rates at March 31, 2009 are shown below.
| Domestic | Foreign | Total | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Predetermined rate |
¥ | 18,599,489 | ¥ | 1,834,463 | ¥ | 20,433,952 | |||
| Floating or adjustable rate |
25,544,136 | 10,776,734 | 36,320,870 | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 44,143,625 | ¥ | 12,611,197 | ¥ | 56,754,822 | |||
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Table of Contents
Nonaccrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans
We generally discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans of banking subsidiaries, including BTMU and MUTB, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain foreign banking subsidiaries.
The following table shows the distribution of our nonaccrual loans, restructured loans and accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2009, based on the domicile and type of industry of the borrowers:
| At March 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||
| Nonaccrual loans: |
|||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
|||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 115,229 | ¥ | 128,055 | ¥ | 82,206 | ¥ | 109,023 | ¥ | 87,649 | |||||
| Construction |
48,750 | 38,406 | 45,027 | 44,322 | 55,760 | ||||||||||
| Real estate |
165,296 | 190,703 | 142,681 | 164,521 | 263,831 | ||||||||||
| Services |
183,294 | 70,339 | 140,464 | 142,795 | 104,594 | ||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
88,844 | 130,216 | 133,344 | 156,816 | 139,000 | ||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
4,364 | 15,794 | 16,712 | 10,591 | 14,826 | ||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
12,048 | 13,034 | 32,035 | 45,115 | 36,853 | ||||||||||
| Other industries |
22,702 | 29,523 | 140,224 | 36,192 | 20,615 | ||||||||||
| Consumer |
56,072 | 319,116 | 301,819 | 318,861 | 372,944 | ||||||||||
| Total domestic |
696,599 | 935,186 | 1,034,512 | 1,028,236 | 1,096,072 | ||||||||||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
466 | 52 | 47 | 45 | 4,279 | ||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
45,091 | 38,796 | 3,730 | 2,793 | 56,628 | ||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
54,913 | 30,387 | 46,536 | 111,852 | 81,990 | ||||||||||
| Other |
23,835 | 5,413 | 1,519 | 1,529 | 10,553 | ||||||||||
| Total foreign |
124,305 | 74,648 | 51,832 | 116,219 | 153,450 | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 820,904 | ¥ | 1,009,834 | ¥ | 1,086,344 | ¥ | 1,144,455 | ¥ | 1,249,522 | |||||
| Restructured loans: |
|||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 431,036 | ¥ | 937,160 | ¥ | 548,569 | ¥ | 492,230 | ¥ | 457,838 | |||||
| Foreign |
23,153 | 74,676 | 42,117 | 25,035 | 63,750 | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 454,189 | ¥ | 1,011,836 | ¥ | 590,686 | ¥ | 517,265 | ¥ | 521,588 | |||||
| Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more: |
|||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 9,232 | ¥ | 21,896 | ¥ | 20,649 | ¥ | 14,954 | ¥ | 15,047 | |||||
| Foreign |
879 | 1,112 | 1,821 | 2,998 | 6,440 | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 10,111 | ¥ | 23,008 | ¥ | 22,470 | ¥ | 17,952 | ¥ | 21,487 | |||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,285,204 | ¥ | 2,044,678 | ¥ | 1,699,500 | ¥ | 1,679,672 | ¥ | 1,792,597 | |||||
A-11
Table of Contents
Gross interest income which would have been accrued at the original terms on domestic nonaccrual and restructured loans outstanding during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was approximately ¥86.2 billion, of which ¥42.0 billion was included in the results of operations for the fiscal year. Gross interest income which would have been accrued at the original terms on foreign nonaccrual and restructured loans outstanding for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was approximately ¥7.2 billion, of which ¥5.5 billion was included in the results of operations for the fiscal year.
Foreign Loans Outstanding
We had no cross-border outstandings to borrowers in any foreign country which in total exceeded 0.75% of consolidated total assets at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Cross-border outstandings are defined, for this purpose, as loans (including accrued interest), acceptances, interest-earning deposits with other banks, other interest-earning investments and any other monetary assets denominated in Japanese yen or other non-local currencies. Material local currency loans outstanding which are neither hedged nor funded by local currency borrowings are included in cross-border outstandings.
Guarantees of outstandings of borrowers of other countries are considered to be outstandings of the guarantor. Loans made to, or deposits placed with, a branch of a foreign bank located outside the foreign bank’s home country are considered to be loans to, or deposits with, the foreign bank. Outstandings of a country do not include principal or interest amounts of which are supported by written, legally enforceable guarantees by guarantors of other countries or the amounts of outstandings to the extent that they are secured by tangible, liquid collateral held and realizable by BTMU, MUTB and their subsidiaries outside the country in which they operate.
In addition to credit risk, cross-border outstandings are subject to country risk that as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, borrowers may be unable or unwilling to pay principal and interest according to contractual terms. Other risks related to cross-border outstandings include the possibility of insufficient foreign exchange and restrictions on its availability.
In order to manage country risk, we establish various risk management measures internally. Among other things, we regularly monitor economic conditions and other factors globally and assess country risk in each country where we have cross-border exposure. For purposes of monitoring and controlling the amount of credit exposed to country risk, we set a country limit, the maximum amount of credit exposure for an individual country, in consideration of the level of country risk and our ability to bear such potential risk. We also determine our credit policy for each country in accordance with our country risk level and our business plan with regard to the country. Assessment of country risk, establishment of country limits, and determination of country credit policies are subject to review and approval by our senior management and are updated periodically.
Loan Concentrations
At March 31, 2009, there were no concentrations of loans to a single industry group of borrowers, as defined by the Bank of Japan industry segment loan classifications, which exceeded 10% of our consolidated total loans, except for loans in a category disclosed in the table of loans outstanding above.
Credit Risk Management
We have a credit rating system, under which borrowers and transactions are graded on a worldwide basis. We calculate probability of default by statistical means and manage our credit portfolio based on this credit rating system. For a detailed description of this system and other elements of our risk management structure, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk—Credit Risk Management.”
A-12
Table of Contents
IV. Summary of Loan Loss Experience
The following table shows an analysis of our loan loss experience by type of borrowers’ business for each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 888,120 | ¥ | 739,872 | ¥ | 1,012,227 | ¥ | 1,112,453 | ¥ | 1,134,940 | ||||||||||
| Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Holdings(1) |
— | 287,516 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
108,338 | 110,167 | 358,603 | 385,740 | 626,947 | |||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
81,370 | 17,241 | 27,043 | 41,587 | 83,121 | |||||||||||||||
| Construction |
10,634 | 6,798 | 18,902 | 24,097 | 44,180 | |||||||||||||||
| Real estate |
44,433 | 16,911 | 12,845 | 11,775 | 76,734 | |||||||||||||||
| Services |
11,848 | 41,722 | 26,274 | 39,336 | 64,418 | |||||||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
26,822 | 15,397 | 43,169 | 70,173 | 118,144 | |||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
8,920 | 701 | 1,790 | 13,873 | 25,310 | |||||||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
1,312 | 2,621 | 16,322 | 30,868 | 19,632 | |||||||||||||||
| Other industries |
6,468 | 2,644 | 5,396 | 9,865 | 10,472 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer |
25,692 | 49,496 | 137,461 | 138,370 | 117,021 | |||||||||||||||
| Total domestic |
217,499 | 153,531 | 289,202 | 379,944 | 559,032 | |||||||||||||||
| Total foreign |
80,440 | 11,202 | 13,912 | 6,540 | 44,266 | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
297,939 | 164,733 | 303,114 | 386,484 | 603,298 | |||||||||||||||
| Recoveries: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic |
22,063 | 11,356 | 35,466 | 28,475 | 23,692 | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
15,254 | 17,242 | 4,953 | 2,117 | 2,754 | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
37,317 | 28,598 | 40,419 | 30,592 | 26,446 | |||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs |
260,622 | 136,135 | 262,695 | 355,892 | 576,852 | |||||||||||||||
| Others(2) |
4,036 | 10,807 | 4,318 | (7,361 | ) | (28,397 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 739,872 | ¥ | 1,012,227 | ¥ | 1,112,453 | ¥ | 1,134,940 | ¥ | 1,156,638 | ||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses applicable to foreign activities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 245,835 | ¥ | 91,701 | ¥ | 123,080 | ¥ | 109,654 | ¥ | 136,656 | ||||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 91,701 | ¥ | 123,080 | ¥ | 109,654 | ¥ | 136,656 | ¥ | 307,343 | ||||||||||
| Provision (credit) for credit losses |
¥ | (91,903 | ) | ¥ | 587 | ¥ | (8,516 | ) | ¥ | 38,637 | ¥ | 240,015 | ||||||||
| Ratio of net charge-offs during the fiscal year to average loans outstanding during the fiscal year |
0.51 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.27 | % | 0.37 | % | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Holdings represent the allowance for credit losses for acquired loans outside the scope of SOP 03-3. The allowance for credit losses on loans within the scope of SOP 03-3 was not carried over. |
| (2) | Others primarily include losses/(gains) from foreign exchange translation. |
A-13
Table of Contents
The following table shows an allocation of our allowance for credit losses at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2009:
| At March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % of loans in each category to total loans(1) |
Amount | % of loans in each category to total loans(1) |
Amount | % of loans in each category to total loans(1) |
Amount | % of loans in each category to total loans(1) |
Amount | % of loans in each category to total loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 90,530 | 12.48 | % | ¥ | 130,734 | 11.05 | % | ¥ | 108,303 | 11.40 | % | ¥ | 125,824 | 11.28 | % | ¥ | 112,412 | 12.87 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Construction |
44,750 | 1.87 | 28,142 | 1.92 | 41,016 | 1.90 | 43,043 | 1.74 | 45,234 | 1.80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate |
94,844 | 12.81 | 99,947 | 11.55 | 85,183 | 10.94 | 112,899 | 10.96 | 116,460 | 10.39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services |
145,726 | 7.01 | 71,653 | 7.56 | 123,020 | 7.24 | 126,832 | 6.61 | 88,829 | 6.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
93,982 | 10.07 | 132,519 | 9.57 | 129,701 | 9.77 | 141,870 | 9.39 | 115,109 | 9.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
22,237 | 7.07 | 51,500 | 5.29 | 73,925 | 4.57 | 59,200 | 4.72 | 38,189 | 4.82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
13,621 | 1.54 | 16,971 | 1.23 | 33,699 | 1.22 | 37,251 | 1.16 | 37,549 | 0.73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other industries |
60,948 | 14.16 | 115,930 | 14.23 | 175,989 | 11.07 | 97,019 | 10.91 | 65,363 | 9.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer |
72,916 | 13.48 | 234,073 | 21.32 | 224,926 | 23.02 | 244,652 | 21.72 | 223,865 | 20.46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
193 | 0.42 | 1,227 | 0.35 | 420 | 0.39 | 880 | 0.32 | 2,349 | 0.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
10,840 | 1.80 | 13,680 | 1.15 | 3,668 | 1.78 | 6,858 | 2.12 | 76,518 | 2.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
70,101 | 14.78 | 104,443 | 12.33 | 103,259 | 14.12 | 126,693 | 16.34 | 211,307 | 17.48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
10,567 | 2.51 | 3,730 | 2.45 | 2,307 | 2.58 | 2,225 | 2.73 | 17,169 | 2.50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated |
8,617 | — | 7,678 | — | 7,037 | — | 9,694 | — | 6,285 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 739,872 | 100.00 | % | ¥ | 1,012,227 | 100.00 | % | ¥ | 1,112,453 | 100.00 | % | ¥ | 1,134,940 | 100.00 | % | ¥ | 1,156,638 | 100.00 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance as a percentage of loans |
1.45 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance as a percentage of nonaccrual and restructured loans and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more |
57.57 | % | 49.51 | % | 65.46 | % | 67.57 | % | 64.52 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Percentages of loans in each category to total loans at March 31, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 have been restated as follows: |
A-14
Table of Contents
| At March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
As previously reported |
As restated |
|||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
12.76 | % | 12.48 | % | 11.27 | % | 11.05 | % | 11.52 | % | 11.40 | % | 11.43 | % | 11.28 | % | ||||||||
| Construction |
1.94 | 1.87 | 2.09 | 1.92 | 1.93 | 1.90 | 1.78 | 1.74 | ||||||||||||||||
| Real estate |
11.41 | 12.81 | 9.48 | 11.55 | 8.71 | 10.94 | 8.32 | 10.96 | ||||||||||||||||
| Services |
7.49 | 7.01 | 7.08 | 7.56 | 7.41 | 7.24 | 6.77 | 6.61 | ||||||||||||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
10.35 | 10.07 | 10.25 | 9.57 | 9.89 | 9.77 | 9.52 | 9.39 | ||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
7.25 | 7.07 | 5.82 | 5.29 | 4.70 | 4.57 | 4.87 | 4.72 | ||||||||||||||||
| Communication and information services |
1.55 | 1.54 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other industries |
13.34 | 14.16 | 12.33 | 14.23 | 10.76 | 11.07 | 10.51 | 10.91 | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer |
14.40 | 13.48 | 24.16 | 21.32 | 24.98 | 23.02 | 24.13 | 21.72 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
0.42 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.32 | ||||||||||||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
1.80 | 1.80 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 2.12 | 2.12 | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
14.78 | 14.78 | 12.33 | 12.33 | 14.12 | 14.12 | 16.34 | 16.34 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other |
2.51 | 2.51 | 2.45 | 2.45 | 2.58 | 2.58 | 2.73 | 2.73 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | ||||||||
While the allowance for credit losses contains amounts allocated to components of specifically identified loans as well as a group on portfolio of loans, the allowance for credit losses is available for credit losses in the entire loan portfolio and the allocations shown above are not intended to be restricted to the specific loan category. Accordingly, as the evaluation of credit risks changes, allocations of the allowance will be changed to reflect current conditions and various other factors.
A-15
Table of Contents
V. Deposits
The following table shows the average amount of, and the average rate paid on, the following deposit categories for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| Average amount |
Average rate |
Average amount |
Average rate |
Average amount |
Average rate |
|||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic offices: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing demand deposits |
¥ | 15,847,384 | — | % | ¥ | 13,738,148 | — | % | ¥ | 12,896,727 | — | % | ||||||
| Interest-bearing demand deposits |
43,943,651 | 0.13 | 44,493,991 | 0.24 | 44,359,163 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||
| Deposits at notice |
2,447,318 | 2.71 | 2,479,141 | 2.54 | 1,890,640 | 0.83 | ||||||||||||
| Time deposits |
39,121,506 | 0.39 | 41,016,140 | 0.59 | 43,895,395 | 0.58 | ||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit |
5,154,891 | 0.27 | 4,861,398 | 0.62 | 5,286,785 | 0.66 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign offices: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing demand deposits |
2,509,494 | — | 2,141,934 | — | 2,280,553 | — | ||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits, principally time deposits and certificates of deposit |
14,510,114 | 3.76 | 18,289,382 | 3.56 | 16,459,276 | 2.16 | ||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 123,534,358 | ¥ | 127,020,134 | ¥ | 127,068,539 | ||||||||||||
Deposits at notice represent interest-bearing demand deposits which require the depositor to give two or more days notice in advance of withdrawal.
The average amounts of total deposits by foreign depositors included in domestic offices for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were ¥523,819 million, ¥489,751 million and ¥439,346 million, respectively.
At March 31, 2009, the balances and remaining maturities of time deposits and certificates of deposit issued by domestic offices in amounts of ¥10 million (approximately US$101 thousand at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s noon buying rate on March 31, 2009) or more and total foreign deposits issued in amounts of US$100,000 or more are shown in the following table:
| Time deposits |
Certificates of deposit |
Total | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Domestic offices: |
|||||||||
| Three months or less |
¥ | 8,262,846 | ¥ | 3,892,250 | ¥ | 12,155,096 | |||
| Over three months through six months |
5,550,348 | 231,006 | 5,781,354 | ||||||
| Over six months through twelve months |
5,459,330 | 382,270 | 5,841,600 | ||||||
| Over twelve months |
3,437,991 | 41,491 | 3,479,482 | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 22,710,515 | ¥ | 4,547,017 | ¥ | 27,257,532 | |||
| Foreign offices |
¥ | 11,546,556 | |||||||
A-16
Table of Contents
VI. Short-Term Borrowings
The following table shows certain additional information with respect to our short-term borrowings for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
| Fiscal years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions: |
||||||||||||
| Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year |
¥ | 14,675,696 | ¥ | 18,715,592 | ¥ | 18,658,490 | ||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end during the fiscal year |
17,890,479 | 19,530,303 | 18,427,340 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
15,893,355 | 18,769,133 | 18,427,340 | |||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year |
1.94 | % | 2.39 | % | 2.01 | % | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate on balance at end of fiscal year |
2.30 | % | 2.35 | % | 0.97 | % | ||||||
| Due to trust account: |
||||||||||||
| Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year |
¥ | 1,981,427 | ¥ | 1,653,717 | ¥ | 1,479,736 | ||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end during the fiscal year |
2,229,225 | 2,171,467 | 1,796,846 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
1,539,973 | 1,461,006 | 1,796,846 | |||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year |
0.30 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.46 | % | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate on balance at end of fiscal year |
0.44 | % | 0.49 | % | 0.42 | % | ||||||
| Other short-term borrowings: |
||||||||||||
| Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year |
¥ | 7,566,200 | ¥ | 5,729,422 | ¥ | 6,664,948 | ||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end during the fiscal year |
8,549,745 | 6,802,404 | 9,190,011 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
5,734,473 | 6,016,893 | 7,867,378 | |||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year |
1.44 | % | 2.17 | % | 1.61 | % | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate on balance at end of fiscal year |
2.17 | % | 1.82 | % | 0.85 | % | ||||||
A-17
Table of Contents
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | ||
| F-2 | ||
| F-3 | ||
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 |
F-4 | |
| F-5 | ||
| F-6 | ||
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 |
F-7 | |
| F-8 | ||
| 1. Basis of Financial Statements and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
F-8 | |
| F-28 | ||
| F-29 | ||
| F-31 | ||
| F-32 | ||
| F-37 | ||
| F-43 | ||
| F-43 | ||
| F-44 | ||
| F-48 | ||
| F-52 | ||
| F-54 | ||
| 13. Call Loans and Funds sold, and Call Money and Funds Purchased |
F-54 | |
| F-55 | ||
| F-55 | ||
| F-59 | ||
| F-68 | ||
| F-69 | ||
| F-73 | ||
| F-75 | ||
| F-76 | ||
| F-82 | ||
| F-83 | ||
| 24. Obligations Under Guarantees and Other Off-balance-sheet Instruments |
F-88 | |
| F-93 | ||
| F-101 | ||
| F-102 | ||
| F-103 | ||
| F-105 | ||
| F-108 | ||
| F-118 | ||
| F-125 | ||
| 33. SEC Registered Funding Vehicles Issuing Non-dilutive Preferred Securities |
F-127 | |
| F-128 |
F-1
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.
(Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group):
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group) (“MUFG”) and subsidiaries (together, the “MUFG Group”) as of March 31, 2008 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity from nonowner sources, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009 (all expressed in Japanese Yen). These financial statements are the responsibility of MUFG’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the MUFG Group as of March 31, 2008 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in the respective footnotes to the consolidated financial statements, certain disclosures in Notes 6, 11, 15 and 25 have been restated.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, MUFG changed its methods of accounting for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans (recognition provision) and stock-based compensation in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and its methods of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and leveraged leases in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and its methods of accounting for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans (measurement date provision), fair value measurements, fair value option for financial assets and financial liabilities, and netting of cash collateral against derivative exposures in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), MUFG Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated August 31, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on MUFG Group’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu LLC
DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU LLC
Tokyo, Japan
August 31, 2009
F-2
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2008 AND 2009
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and due from banks (Note 11) |
¥ | 4,090,690 | ¥ | 3,071,252 | ||||
| Interest-earning deposits in other banks (including ¥22,768 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Notes 11 and 30) |
6,320,827 | 3,543,551 | ||||||
| Call loans and funds sold (Note 13) |
1,210,238 | 407,448 | ||||||
| Receivables under resale agreements (including ¥36,066 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Note 30) |
7,105,819 | 2,530,405 | ||||||
| Receivables under securities borrowing transactions |
8,329,371 | 6,797,025 | ||||||
| Trading account assets (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥4,813,360 million in 2008 and ¥10,643,443 million in 2009) (including ¥10,832,557 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Notes 1, 4, 11 and 30) |
18,444,633 | 30,281,525 | ||||||
| Investment securities (Notes 5 and 11): |
||||||||
| Securities available for sale—carried at estimated fair value (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥6,795,674 million in 2008 and ¥1,899,512 million in 2009) |
38,729,301 | 33,390,087 | ||||||
| Securities being held to maturity—carried at amortized cost (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥174,915 million in 2008 and ¥165,818 million in 2009) (estimated fair value of ¥2,860,397 million in 2008 and ¥2,826,446 million in 2009) |
2,839,666 | 2,812,353 | ||||||
| Other investment securities |
580,013 | 1,434,124 | ||||||
| Total investment securities |
42,148,980 | 37,636,564 | ||||||
| Loans, net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and deferred loan fees (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥3,774,314 million in 2008 and ¥3,729,490 million in 2009) (Notes 6 and 11) |
99,002,079 | 100,310,341 | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses (Notes 6 and 7) |
(1,134,940 | ) | (1,156,638 | ) | ||||
| Net loans |
97,867,139 | 99,153,703 | ||||||
| Premises and equipment—net (Note 8) |
1,075,806 | 1,043,416 | ||||||
| Accrued interest |
339,773 | 267,747 | ||||||
| Customers’ acceptance liability |
71,003 | 59,144 | ||||||
| Intangible assets—net (Notes 3 and 9) |
1,338,924 | 1,191,941 | ||||||
| Goodwill (Notes 3 and 9) |
1,074,137 | 379,426 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets (Notes 10 and 16) |
899,432 | 2,172,789 | ||||||
| Other assets (Notes 1, 6, 11, 16 and 17) |
5,449,311 | 4,963,481 | ||||||
| Total assets |
¥ | 195,766,083 | ¥ | 193,499,417 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Deposits (Notes 11 and 12): |
||||||||
| Domestic offices: |
||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing |
¥ | 14,693,953 | ¥ | 15,023,660 | ||||
| Interest-bearing |
94,807,696 | 95,802,559 | ||||||
| Overseas offices: |
||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing |
2,132,110 | 2,212,386 | ||||||
| Interest-bearing (including ¥4,235 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Note 30) |
17,606,369 | 15,292,447 | ||||||
| Total deposits |
129,240,128 | 128,331,052 | ||||||
| Call money and funds purchased (Notes 11 and 13) |
2,288,720 | 2,235,858 | ||||||
| Payables under repurchase agreements (Note 11) |
11,892,902 | 11,911,615 | ||||||
| Payables under securities lending transactions (Note 11) |
4,587,511 | 4,279,867 | ||||||
| Due to trust account (Note 14) |
1,461,006 | 1,796,846 | ||||||
| Other short-term borrowings (including ¥3,755 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Notes 11, 15 and 30) |
6,016,893 | 7,867,378 | ||||||
| Trading account liabilities (Notes 1 and 4) |
7,961,578 | 9,492,561 | ||||||
| Obligations to return securities received as collateral |
5,094,993 | 2,708,800 | ||||||
| Bank acceptances outstanding |
71,003 | 59,144 | ||||||
| Accrued interest |
298,152 | 251,285 | ||||||
| Long-term debt (including ¥532,641 million measured at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) (Notes 11, 15 and 30) |
13,675,250 | 13,273,288 | ||||||
| Other liabilities (Notes 1, 10, 11, 16 and 17) |
4,687,832 | 5,056,828 | ||||||
| Total liabilities |
187,275,968 | 187,264,522 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 24 and 26) |
||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity (Note 21): |
||||||||
| Capital stock (Notes 18 and 19): |
||||||||
| Preferred stock—aggregate liquidation preference of ¥336,801 million in 2008 and ¥640,001 million in 2009, with no stated value |
247,100 | 442,100 | ||||||
| Common stock—authorized, 33,000,000,000 shares; issued, 10,861,643,790 shares in 2008 and 11,648,360,720 shares in 2009, with no stated value |
1,084,708 | 1,127,552 | ||||||
| Capital surplus (Note 19) |
5,791,300 | 6,095,820 | ||||||
| Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) (Notes 20 and 34): |
||||||||
| Appropriated for legal reserve |
239,571 | 239,571 | ||||||
| Unappropriated retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) |
935,309 | (845,778 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes |
919,420 | (813,695 | ) | |||||
| Treasury stock, at cost—503,153,835 common shares in 2008 and 9,080,212 common shares in 2009 |
(727,293 | ) | (10,675 | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
8,490,115 | 6,234,895 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
¥ | 195,766,083 | ¥ | 193,499,417 | ||||
See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-3
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Interest income: |
||||||||||||
| Loans, including fees (Note 6) |
¥ | 2,647,503 | ¥ | 2,790,505 | ¥ | 2,558,361 | ||||||
| Deposits in other banks |
251,034 | 258,544 | 124,832 | |||||||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||||||||
| Interest |
641,705 | 771,763 | 309,835 | |||||||||
| Dividends |
113,096 | 127,076 | 163,492 | |||||||||
| Trading account assets |
99,918 | 110,348 | 460,534 | |||||||||
| Call loans and funds sold |
26,546 | 24,969 | 15,010 | |||||||||
| Receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions |
135,927 | 283,606 | 263,730 | |||||||||
| Total |
3,915,729 | 4,366,811 | 3,895,794 | |||||||||
| Interest expense: |
||||||||||||
| Deposits |
835,899 | 1,093,956 | 736,456 | |||||||||
| Call money and funds purchased |
27,870 | 45,180 | 24,973 | |||||||||
| Payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions |
256,282 | 402,077 | 349,903 | |||||||||
| Due to trust account |
5,863 | 8,014 | 6,843 | |||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities |
175,245 | 206,363 | 170,524 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt |
284,804 | 331,504 | 310,690 | |||||||||
| Total |
1,585,963 | 2,087,094 | 1,599,389 | |||||||||
| Net interest income |
2,329,766 | 2,279,717 | 2,296,405 | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses (Notes 6 and 7) |
358,603 | 385,740 | 626,947 | |||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for credit losses |
1,971,163 | 1,893,977 | 1,669,458 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income: |
||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions (Note 27) |
1,407,193 | 1,317,047 | 1,188,512 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net (Note 4) |
(162,005 | ) | 1,295,933 | (206,153 | ) | |||||||
| Trading account profits (losses)—net (Note 4) |
404,813 | 398,396 | (257,807 | ) | ||||||||
| Investment securities gains (losses)—net (Note 5) |
238,277 | (1,373,072 | ) | (658,679 | ) | |||||||
| Equity in losses of equity method investees |
(56,879 | ) | (34,485 | ) | (60,051 | ) | ||||||
| Gains on sales of loans (Note 6) |
23,093 | 11,789 | 6,401 | |||||||||
| Other non-interest income |
93,444 | 162,506 | 162,876 | |||||||||
| Total |
1,947,936 | 1,778,114 | 175,099 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expense: |
||||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits (Note 16) |
862,401 | 909,771 | 873,371 | |||||||||
| Occupancy expenses—net (Notes 8 and 26) |
179,342 | 173,183 | 171,902 | |||||||||
| Fees and commission expenses |
237,979 | 218,088 | 209,750 | |||||||||
| Outsourcing expenses, including data processing |
267,921 | 248,265 | 267,790 | |||||||||
| Depreciation of premises and equipment (Note 8) |
118,940 | 179,567 | 132,121 | |||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets (Note 9) |
264,930 | 252,890 | 278,241 | |||||||||
| Impairment of intangible assets (Note 9) |
184,760 | 78,679 | 126,885 | |||||||||
| Insurance premiums, including deposit insurance |
112,773 | 112,444 | 113,803 | |||||||||
| Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries |
16,915 | 39,400 | (36,259 | ) | ||||||||
| Communications |
62,209 | 65,286 | 62,943 | |||||||||
| Taxes and public charges |
79,683 | 83,439 | 85,743 | |||||||||
| Provision for repayment of excess interest (Note 26) |
106,245 | 2,826 | 47,865 | |||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill (Note 9) |
— | 893,721 | 845,842 | |||||||||
| Other non-interest expenses |
290,070 | 402,177 | 392,528 | |||||||||
| Total |
2,784,168 | 3,659,736 | 3,572,525 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
1,134,931 | 12,355 | (1,727,968 | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 10) |
552,826 | 553,045 | (259,928 | ) | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations |
582,105 | (540,690 | ) | (1,468,040 | ) | |||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations—net (Note 2) |
(817 | ) | (1,746 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 581,288 | ¥ | (542,436 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||
| Income allocable to preferred shareholders: |
||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid |
¥ | 13,629 | ¥ | 6,669 | ¥ | 6,399 | ||||||
| Beneficial conversion feature (Note 18) |
267,432 | 7,909 | 9,478 | |||||||||
| Income allocable to preferred shareholders of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. : |
||||||||||||
| Effect of induced conversion of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. Class 1 stock (Note 3) |
— | — | 7,676 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
¥ | 300,227 | ¥ | (557,014 | ) | ¥ | (1,491,593 | ) | ||||
| (in Yen) | ||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share (Notes 20 and 22): |
||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
¥ | 29.94 | ¥ | (53.88 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
29.86 | (54.05 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
29.76 | (53.88 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
29.68 | (54.05 | ) | (137.84 | ) | |||||||
See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FROM NONOWNER SOURCES
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009
| Gains (Losses) before income tax expense (benefit) |
Income tax (expense) benefit |
Gains (Losses) net of income tax expense (benefit) |
||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||
| Net income |
¥ | 581,288 | ||||||||||
| Other changes in equity from nonowner sources: |
||||||||||||
| Net unrealized holding gains on investment securities available for sale |
¥ | 764,721 | ¥ | (308,419 | ) | 456,302 | ||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income |
(247,921 | ) | 100,767 | (147,154 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
516,800 | (207,652 | ) | 309,148 | ||||||||
| Net unrealized losses on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges |
(3,161 | ) | 1,214 | (1,947 | ) | |||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income |
2,762 | (1,056 | ) | 1,706 | ||||||||
| Total |
(399 | ) | 158 | (241 | ) | |||||||
| Minimum pension liability adjustments |
(2,563 | ) | 1,019 | (1,544 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |
32,537 | (626 | ) | 31,911 | ||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income |
(6,420 | ) | 283 | (6,137 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
26,117 | (343 | ) | 25,774 | ||||||||
| Total changes in equity from nonowner sources |
¥ | 914,425 | ||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||
| Net loss |
¥ | (542,436 | ) | |||||||||
| Other changes in equity from nonowner sources: |
||||||||||||
| Net unrealized holding losses on investment securities available for sale |
¥ | (3,640,989 | ) | ¥ | 1,476,878 | (2,164,111 | ) | |||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss |
1,384,037 | (561,877 | ) | 822,160 | ||||||||
| Total |
(2,256,952 | ) | 915,001 | (1,341,951 | ) | |||||||
| Net unrealized gains on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges |
2,327 | (805 | ) | 1,522 | ||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss |
2,018 | (867 | ) | 1,151 | ||||||||
| Total |
4,345 | (1,672 | ) | 2,673 | ||||||||
| Pension liability adjustments |
(66,009 | ) | 26,800 | (39,209 | ) | |||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
(17,168 | ) | 6,449 | (10,719 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
(83,177 | ) | 33,249 | (49,928 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |
(115,347 | ) | 30,985 | (84,362 | ) | |||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss |
162 | 690 | 852 | |||||||||
| Total |
(115,185 | ) | 31,675 | (83,510 | ) | |||||||
| Total changes in equity from nonowner sources |
¥ | (2,015,152 | ) | |||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||
| Net loss |
¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | |||||||||
| Other changes in equity from nonowner sources: |
||||||||||||
| Net unrealized holding losses on investment securities available for sale |
¥ | (2,070,470 | ) | ¥ | 840,721 | (1,229,749 | ) | |||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss |
624,355 | (252,940 | ) | 371,415 | ||||||||
| Total |
(1,446,115 | ) | 587,781 | (858,334 | ) | |||||||
| Net unrealized gains on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges |
15,300 | (6,132 | ) | 9,168 | ||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
(7,303 | ) | 2,878 | (4,425 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
7,997 | (3,254 | ) | 4,743 | ||||||||
| Pension liability adjustments |
(720,944 | ) | 288,984 | (431,960 | ) | |||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
(9,428 | ) | 3,645 | (5,783 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
(730,372 | ) | 292,629 | (437,743 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |
(316,123 | ) | 16,927 | (299,196 | ) | |||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss |
11,101 | (1,962 | ) | 9,139 | ||||||||
| Total |
(305,022 | ) | 14,965 | (290,057 | ) | |||||||
| Total changes in equity from nonowner sources |
¥ | (3,049,431 | ) | |||||||||
See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Preferred stock (Note 18): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 247,100 | ¥ | 247,100 | ¥ | 247,100 | ||||||
| Issuance of new shares of Class 5 preferred stock |
— | — | 195,000 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 247,100 | ¥ | 247,100 | ¥ | 442,100 | ||||||
| Common stock (Note 19): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,084,708 | ¥ | 1,084,708 | ¥ | 1,084,708 | ||||||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock |
— | — | 42,844 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,084,708 | ¥ | 1,084,708 | ¥ | 1,127,552 | ||||||
| Capital surplus (Note 19): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 5,566,894 | ¥ | 5,834,529 | ¥ | 5,791,300 | ||||||
| Losses on exchange of shares of treasury stock for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 3) |
— | (56,134 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Gains on induced conversion of shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. Class 1 stock (Note 3) |
— | — | 71,103 | |||||||||
| Beneficial conversion feature of preferred stock (Note 18) |
267,432 | 7,909 | 9,478 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense (Note 31) |
3,257 | 5,747 | 14,418 | |||||||||
| Stock option and other share based compensation payouts as a result of UnionBanCal Corporation’s privatization (Note 31) |
— | — | (21,063 | ) | ||||||||
| Losses on sales of shares of treasury stock, net of taxes |
(1,048 | ) | (456 | ) | (7,500 | ) | ||||||
| Impact of SFAS No. 123R implementation of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 31) |
(1,468 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Issuance of new shares of Class 5 preferred stock (Note 18) |
— | — | 194,183 | |||||||||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock and sale of treasury stock (Note 19) |
— | — | 43,906 | |||||||||
| Other—net |
(538 | ) | (295 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 5,834,529 | ¥ | 5,791,300 | ¥ | 6,095,820 | ||||||
| Retained earnings appropriated for legal reserve (Note 20): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 239,571 | ¥ | 239,571 | ¥ | 239,571 | ||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 239,571 | ¥ | 239,571 | ¥ | 239,571 | ||||||
| Unappropriated retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) (Note 20): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,424,634 | ¥ | 1,636,803 | ¥ | 935,309 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) |
581,288 | (542,436 | ) | (1,468,040 | ) | |||||||
| Cash dividends: |
||||||||||||
| Common stock—¥9.00 in 2007, ¥13.00 in 2008 and ¥14.00 in 2009 per share |
(89,526 | ) | (134,664 | ) | (146,937 | ) | ||||||
| Preferred stock (Class 3)—¥60.00 in 2007, in 2008 and in 2009 per share |
(6,000 | ) | (6,000 | ) | (6,000 | ) | ||||||
| Preferred stock (Class 8)—¥23.85 in 2007, ¥15.90 in 2008 and ¥7.95 in 2009 per share |
(570 | ) | (282 | ) | (140 | ) | ||||||
| Preferred stock (Class 9)—¥18.60 in 2007 per share |
(1,482 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Preferred stock (Class 10)—¥19.40 in 2007 per share |
(2,910 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Preferred stock (Class 12)—¥17.25 in 2007 and ¥11.50 in 2008 and in 2009 per share |
(2,667 | ) | (387 | ) | (259 | ) | ||||||
| Beneficial conversion feature of preferred stock (Note 18) |
(267,432 | ) | (7,909 | ) | (9,478 | ) | ||||||
| Impact of SFAS No. 123R implementation of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 31) |
1,468 | — | — | |||||||||
| FIN No. 48 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | (4,091 | ) | — | ||||||||
| FSP SFAS No. 13-2 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | (5,725 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Losses on exchange of shares of treasury stock for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (Note 3) |
— | — | (47,507 | ) | ||||||||
| Losses on sales of shares of treasury stock for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (Note 3) |
— | — | (35,966 | ) | ||||||||
| Losses on sales of shares of treasury stock |
— | — | (119,223 | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of induced conversion of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. Class 1 stock (Note 3) |
— | — | (7,676 | ) | ||||||||
| SFAS No. 158 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | — | (132 | ) | ||||||||
| SFAS No. 157 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | — | 27,317 | |||||||||
| SFAS No. 159 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | — | 32,979 | |||||||||
| Other |
— | — | (25 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year (Note 34) |
¥ | 1,636,803 | ¥ | 935,309 | ¥ | (845,778 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes: |
||||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale (Note 5): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 2,006,500 | ¥ | 2,315,648 | ¥ | 973,697 | ||||||
| Net change during the fiscal year |
309,148 | (1,341,951 | ) | (858,334 | ) | |||||||
| SFAS No. 159 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | — | (20,150 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 2,315,648 | ¥ | 973,697 | ¥ | 95,213 | ||||||
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges (Note 23): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | (668 | ) | ¥ | (909 | ) | ¥ | 1,764 | ||||
| Net change during the fiscal year |
(241 | ) | 2,673 | 4,743 | ||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | (909 | ) | ¥ | 1,764 | ¥ | 6,507 | |||||
| Minimum pension liability adjustments (Note 16): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | (4,464 | ) | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | |||||
| Net change during the fiscal year |
(1,544 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjustments to initially apply SFAS No. 158 (Note 1) |
6,008 | — | — | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ||||||
| Pension liability adjustments (Note 16): |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | — | ¥ | 172,776 | ¥ | 122,848 | ||||||
| Net change during the fiscal year |
— | (49,928 | ) | (437,743 | ) | |||||||
| Adjustments to initially apply SFAS No. 158 (Note 1) |
172,776 | — | — | |||||||||
| SFAS No. 158 adjustment (Note 1) |
— | — | (131,574 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 172,776 | ¥ | 122,848 | ¥ | (446,469 | ) | |||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments: |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | (121,153 | ) | ¥ | (95,379 | ) | ¥ | (178,889 | ) | |||
| Net change during the fiscal year |
25,774 | (83,510 | ) | (290,057 | ) | |||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | (95,379 | ) | ¥ | (178,889 | ) | ¥ | (468,946 | ) | |||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 2,392,136 | ¥ | 919,420 | ¥ | (813,695 | ) | |||||
| Treasury stock: |
||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | (774,969 | ) | ¥ | (1,001,535 | ) | ¥ | (727,293 | ) | |||
| Purchases of shares of treasury stock (Note 19) |
(292,200 | ) | (151,365 | ) | (2,919 | ) | ||||||
| Sales of shares of treasury stock |
65,627 | 1,779 | 537,542 | |||||||||
| Exchange of shares of treasury stock for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 3) |
— | 425,530 | — | |||||||||
| Net decrease (increase) resulting from changes in voting interests in its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
7 | (1,702 | ) | (2,883 | ) | |||||||
| Exchange of shares of treasury stock for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (Note 3) |
— | — | 184,878 | |||||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | (1,001,535 | ) | ¥ | (727,293 | ) | ¥ | (10,675 | ) | |||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
¥ | 10,433,312 | ¥ | 8,490,115 | ¥ | 6,234,895 | ||||||
See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2007, 2008 AND 2009
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 581,288 | ¥ | (542,436 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations—net (Note 2) |
817 | 1,746 | — | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization |
383,870 | 432,457 | 410,362 | |||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill (Note 9) |
— | 893,721 | 845,842 | |||||||||
| Impairment of intangible assets (Note 9) |
184,760 | 78,679 | 126,885 | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
358,603 | 385,740 | 626,947 | |||||||||
| Investment securities losses (gains)—net |
(238,277 | ) | 1,373,072 | 658,679 | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange losses (gains)—net |
(3,908 | ) | (1,544,073 | ) | 983,290 | |||||||
| Equity in losses of equity method investees |
56,879 | 34,485 | 60,051 | |||||||||
| Provision for deferred income tax expense (benefit) |
434,993 | 446,253 | (401,367 | ) | ||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in trading account assets, excluding foreign exchange contracts (Note 1) |
302,006 | (3,996,790 | ) | (4,334,635 | ) | |||||||
| Increase (decrease) in trading account liabilities, excluding foreign exchange contracts (Note 1) |
(978,508 | ) | 2,904,153 | 1,541,797 | ||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable and other receivables |
157,769 | (79,266 | ) | 37,407 | ||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other payables |
127,769 | 90,984 | (76,143 | ) | ||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes and decrease (increase) in income tax receivables |
116,933 | (17,843 | ) | 103,164 | ||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in allowance for repayment of excess interest (Note 26) |
92,741 | (22,290 | ) | (3,316 | ) | |||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in collaterals for derivative transactions |
46,964 | 82,720 | (414,933 | ) | ||||||||
| Other—net |
(61,687 | ) | (138,105 | ) | 163,507 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
1,563,012 | 383,207 | (1,140,503 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale (including proceeds from securities under fair value option for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009) (Note 5) |
36,262,585 | 51,204,443 | 76,089,849 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available for sale (including proceeds from securities under fair value option for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009) (Note 5) |
28,187,867 | 26,300,910 | 29,796,236 | |||||||||
| Purchases of investment securities available for sale (including purchases of securities under fair value option for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009) (Note 5) |
(63,170,653 | ) | (74,640,265 | ) | (114,572,826 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of investment securities being held to maturity |
47,334 | 543,799 | 1,497,026 | |||||||||
| Purchases of investment securities being held to maturity |
(623,171 | ) | (354,008 | ) | (296,772 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sales of other investment securities |
255,743 | 153,436 | 37,773 | |||||||||
| Purchases of common stock investment in ACOM CO., LTD., an affiliated company of MUFG |
— | — | (152,971 | ) | ||||||||
| Purchases of other investment securities |
(119,626 | ) | (78,352 | ) | (958,616 | ) | ||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in loans |
410,203 | (5,942,696 | ) | (6,266,505 | ) | |||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in interest-earning deposits in other banks |
462,314 | (806,005 | ) | 2,264,774 | ||||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions |
(3,912,447 | ) | (4,071,034 | ) | 4,556,274 | |||||||
| Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment |
23,728 | 71,671 | 36,269 | |||||||||
| Capital expenditures for premises and equipment |
(119,024 | ) | (187,745 | ) | (154,607 | ) | ||||||
| Purchases of intangible assets |
(184,205 | ) | (231,300 | ) | (191,834 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sales of consolidated VIEs and subsidiaries—net |
41,243 | 117,626 | 110,010 | |||||||||
| Other—net |
(53,964 | ) | 86,391 | (60,111 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
(2,492,073 | ) | (7,833,129 | ) | (8,266,031 | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in deposits |
(889,962 | ) | 5,472,395 | 2,619,867 | ||||||||
| Net increase in call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions |
4,016,307 | 3,731,613 | 2,621,516 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in due to trust account |
(886,416 | ) | (78,967 | ) | 335,840 | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in other short-term borrowings |
(4,847,764 | ) | 202,589 | 2,566,975 | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt |
3,254,073 | 2,344,448 | 2,876,261 | |||||||||
| Repayment of long-term debt |
(2,661,783 | ) | (2,662,527 | ) | (2,752,600 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of stock issue expenses |
— | — | 280,460 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of new shares of preferred stock, net of stock issue expenses |
— | — | 388,623 | |||||||||
| Payments for redemption of preferred stock issued by a subsidiary |
(120,000 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of treasury stock |
64,041 | 1,173 | 187,147 | |||||||||
| Payments to acquire treasury stock (Note 19) |
(292,182 | ) | (151,365 | ) | (2,697 | ) | ||||||
| Dividends paid |
(103,047 | ) | (141,159 | ) | (153,217 | ) | ||||||
| Dividends paid to minority interests |
(23,584 | ) | (22,990 | ) | (16,429 | ) | ||||||
| Payments related to privatization of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 3) (Note 31) |
— | — | (410,373 | ) | ||||||||
| Other—net |
(5,764 | ) | 28,174 | (54,326 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
(2,496,081 | ) | 8,723,384 | 8,487,047 | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
25,458 | (32,435 | ) | (99,951 | ) | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(3,399,684 | ) | 1,241,027 | (1,019,438 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year (including cash and cash equivalents identified as discontinued operations of ¥14,069 million in 2007, ¥2,194 million in 2008 and nil in 2009) |
6,249,347 | 2,849,663 | 4,090,690 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal year (including cash and cash equivalents identified as discontinued operations of ¥2,194 million in 2007, nil in 2008 and 2009) |
¥ | 2,849,663 | ¥ | 4,090,690 | ¥ | 3,071,252 | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the fiscal year for: |
||||||||||||
| Interest |
¥ | 1,547,702 | ¥ | 2,055,790 | ¥ | 1,643,730 | ||||||
| Income taxes, net of refunds |
3,864 | 145,806 | 38,275 | |||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Obtaining assets by entering into capital lease |
35,942 | 18,739 | 5,408 | |||||||||
| Acquisition of minority interests in Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. in exchange for treasury stock (Note 3) |
— | 369,588 | — | |||||||||
| Acquisition of minority interests in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. in exchange for treasury stock (Note 3) |
— | — | 131,445 | |||||||||
| Transfer to securities from loans resulting from securitizations (Note 6) |
— | — | 60,671 | |||||||||
| Transfer to trading account assets from investment securities available for sale (Note 30) |
— | — | 10,448,079 | |||||||||
| Transfer to investment securities being held to maturity from trading account assets (Note 5) |
— | — | 1,053,029 | |||||||||
| Union Bank's term borrowing issued in its fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, but settled on January 2, 2009 |
— | — | 91,030 | |||||||||
See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-7
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 1. | BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Description of Business
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”) is a holding company for The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (“BTMU”), Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (“MUTB”), Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (“MUS”), Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (“Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS”), and other subsidiaries. Through its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, MUFG engages in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and asset management services, securities businesses, and credit card businesses, and provides related services to individual and corporate customers. See Note 28 for more information by business segment.
Basis of Financial Statements
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in Japanese yen, the currency of the country in which MUFG is incorporated and principally operates. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). In certain respects, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect adjustments which are not included in the consolidated financial statements issued by MUFG and certain of its subsidiaries in accordance with applicable statutory requirements and accounting practices in their respective countries of incorporation. The major adjustments include those relating to (1) investment securities, (2) derivative financial instruments, (3) allowance for credit losses, (4) income taxes, (5) consolidation, (6) premises and equipment, (7) transfer of financial assets, (8) accrued severance indemnities and pension liabilities, (9) goodwill and other intangible assets and (10) lease transactions.
Fiscal periods of certain subsidiaries, which end on or after December 31, and MUFG’s fiscal year, which ends on March 31, have been treated as coterminous. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the effect of recording intervening events for the three-month periods ended March 31 on MUFG’s proportionate equity in net income of subsidiaries with fiscal periods ended on or after December 31, would have resulted in a decrease of ¥0.20 billion to net income, an increase of ¥14.02 billion to net loss and an increase of ¥2.42 billion to net loss, respectively. No intervening events occurred during each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 which, if recorded, would have had material effects to consolidated total assets, loans, total liabilities, deposits or total shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to management judgment primarily relate to the allowance for credit losses on loans and off-balance-sheet credit instruments, valuation allowances of deferred tax assets, tax reserves, valuation of financial instruments, goodwill, intangible assets, investment securities and accrued severance indemnities and pension liabilities.
F-8
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Significant accounting policies applied in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below:
Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MUFG and its subsidiaries over which control is exercised through either majority ownership of voting stock and/or other means, including, but not limited to, the possession of the power to direct or cause the direction of management and policies of entities. In situations in which the MUFG Group has less than 100% but greater than 50% of ownership in entities, such entities are consolidated and minority interests are also recorded in Other liabilities. Intercompany items have been eliminated. Investments in affiliated companies (companies over which the MUFG Group has the ability to exercise significant influence) are accounted for by the equity method of accounting and are reported in Other assets. The MUFG Group’s equity interest in the earnings of these equity investees and gains or losses realized on disposition of such investments are reported in Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees.
Variable interest entities are consolidated when the MUFG Group has a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the entity’s expected losses, receive a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both. See Note 25 for the details of variable interest entities.
Assets that the MUFG Group holds in an agency, fiduciary or trust capacity are not assets of the MUFG Group and, accordingly, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Cash Flows—For the purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined as those amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Cash and due from banks with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash flows from qualified hedging activities are classified in the same category as the items being hedged.
Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements and Foreign Currency Transactions—Financial statements of overseas entities are translated into Japanese yen using the respective fiscal year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange for the respective fiscal periods.
Foreign currency translation gains and losses related to the financial statements of overseas entities of the MUFG Group, net of related income tax effects, are credited or charged directly to Foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. Tax effects of gains and losses on foreign currency translation of financial statements of overseas entities are not recognized unless it is apparent that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future.
Foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currencies of the individual entities included in consolidation at the respective fiscal year-end foreign exchange rates. Foreign currency-denominated income and expenses are translated using average rates of exchange for the respective fiscal periods. Gains and losses from such translation are included in Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net, as appropriate.
Repurchase Agreements, Securities Lending and Other Secured Financing Transactions—Securities sold with agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), securities purchased with agreements to resell (“resale agreements”) and securities lending and borrowing transactions are accounted for as sales of securities with related off-balance-sheet forward repurchase commitments or purchases of securities with related off-balance-sheet forward resale commitments, if they meet the relevant conditions for the surrender of control as provided
F-9
Table of Contents
MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125.” If the conditions are not met, the transactions are treated as secured financing or lending.
Collateral—For secured lending transactions, including resale agreements, securities borrowing transactions, commercial lending and derivative transactions, the MUFG Group, as a secured party, generally has the right to require the counterparties to provide collateral, including letters of credit, cash, securities and other financial assets. For most securities lending transactions, the MUFG Group maintains strict levels of collateralization governed by daily mark-to-market analysis. Financial assets pledged as collateral are generally negotiable financial instruments and are permitted to be sold or repledged by secured parties. If the MUFG Group sells these financial assets received as collateral, it recognizes the proceeds from the sale and its obligation to return the collateral. For secured borrowing transactions, principally repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions and derivative transactions, where the secured party has the right to sell or repledge financial assets pledged as collateral, the MUFG Group separately discloses those financial assets pledged as collateral in the consolidated balance sheets.
Trading Account Securities—Securities and money market instruments held in anticipation of short-term market movements and for resale to customers are included in Trading account assets, and short trading positions of these instruments are included in Trading account liabilities. Trading positions are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded on a trade date basis. Changes in the fair value of trading positions are recognized currently in Trading account profits (losses)—net, as appropriate. The MUFG Group has elected fair value option accounting for certain foreign securities under SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.” See Note 30 for a further discussion of fair value option accounting.
Investment Securities—Debt securities for which the MUFG Group has both the ability and positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as Securities being held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. Debt securities that the MUFG Group may not hold to maturity and marketable equity securities, other than those classified as Trading account securities, are classified as Securities available-for-sale, and are carried at their fair values, with unrealized gains and losses reported on a net-of-tax basis within accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, which is a component of shareholders’ equity. Other investment securities include nonmarketable equity securities carried at their acquisition costs, and also securities held by subsidiaries that are investment companies or brokers and dealers in securities. Such securities held by those subsidiaries are not within the scope of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” and are subject to the specialized industry accounting principles in American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) Audit and Accounting Guides for “Investment Companies” and “Brokers and Dealers in Securities” (the “AICPA Guides”) applicable for those subsidiaries. Securities of those subsidiaries are carried at their fair values.
Individual debt and equity securities are written down to fair value with the resulting losses charged to operations when, in the opinion of management, a decline in estimated fair value below the cost of such securities is other than temporary. Such impairment loss is included in Investment securities gains (losses)—net in the consolidated statements of operations. In determining other than temporary declines in fair value to be recognized as an impairment loss on investment securities, the MUFG Group generally considers factors such as the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value, the financial condition of the issuer, the extent of decline in fair value, and the length of time that the decline in fair value below cost has existed. See Note 5 for a further discussion of other-than-temporary impairment. Interest and dividends on investment securities are reported in Interest income. Dividends are recognized when the shareholder right to receive the dividend is established. Gains and losses on disposition of investment securities are computed using the average cost method and are recognized on the trade date.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Derivative Financial Instruments—The MUFG Group engages in derivative activities involving swaps, forwards, futures, options, and other types of derivative contracts. Derivatives are used in trading activities to generate trading revenues and fee income for its own account and to respond to the customers’ financial needs. Derivatives are also used to manage its market risk exposures to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and counterparty credit risk.
Derivatives entered into for trading purposes are carried at fair value and are reported as Trading account assets or Trading account liabilities. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” the MUFG Group deferred trade date gains or losses on derivatives where the fair values of those derivatives were not obtained from a quoted market price, supported by comparison to other observable market transactions, or based upon a valuation technique which incorporated observable market data. See Accounting Changes—Fair Value Measurements for details related to adoption of SFAS No. 157. The fair values of derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under legally enforceable master netting agreements are presented on a gross basis. See Accounting Changes—Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures for further information. Changes in the fair value of such contracts are recognized currently in Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net with respect to foreign exchange contracts and in Trading account profits (losses)—net with respect to interest rate contracts and other types of contracts.
Embedded features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contracts and meet the definition of derivatives are separated from the host contracts and measured at fair value unless the contracts embedding the derivatives are measured at fair value in their entirety.
Derivatives are also used to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates arising from mismatches of asset and liability positions. Certain of those derivatives are designated by the MUFG Group and qualify for hedge accounting. A derivative is designated as a hedging instrument at the inception of each such hedge relationship and the MUFG Group documents, for such individual hedging relationships, the risk management objective and strategy, including identifying the item being hedged, identifying the specific risk being hedged and the method used to assess the hedge’s effectiveness. In order for a hedging relationship to qualify for hedge accounting, the changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments must be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair values or variable cash flows of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged. Any ineffectiveness, which arises during the hedging relationship, is recognized in Non-interest income or expense in the period in which it arises. All qualifying hedging derivatives are valued at fair value and included in Other assets or Other liabilities. The fair values of derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under legally enforceable master netting agreements are presented on a gross basis. See Accounting Changes—Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures for further information. For fair value hedges of interest-bearing assets or liabilities, the change in the fair value of the hedged item and the hedging instruments is recognized in net interest income to the extent that it is effective. For all other fair value hedges, the change in the fair value of the hedged item and change in fair value of the derivative are recognized in non-interest income or expense. For cash flow hedges, the unrealized changes in fair value to the extent effective are recognized in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. Amounts realized on cash flow hedges related to variable rate loans are recognized in net interest income in the period when the cash flow from the hedged item is realized. The fair value of cash flow hedges related to forecasted transactions, if any, is recognized in non-interest income or expense in the period when the forecasted transaction occurs. Any difference that arises from gains or losses on hedging derivatives offsetting corresponding gains or losses on the hedged items, and gains and losses on derivatives attributable to the risks excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in non-interest income or expense.
Loans—Loans originated by the MUFG Group (“originated loans”) are carried at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for unearned income and deferred net nonrefundable loan fees and costs. Originated loans
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
held and intended for dispositions or sales in secondary markets are transferred to the held-for-sale classification and carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value generally on an individual loan basis. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment of yield using the method that approximates the interest method. Interest income on loans that are not impaired is accrued and credited to interest income as it is earned. Unearned income and discounts or premiums on purchased loans are deferred and recognized over the contractual lives of the loans using a method that approximates the interest method when such purchased loans are outside the scope of Statement of Position (“SOP”) 03-3 issued by the AICPA, “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer,” as described below.
Originated loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the MUFG Group will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Originated loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
Originated loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans of domestic banking subsidiaries, including BTMU and MUTB, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain foreign banking subsidiaries. A nonaccrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when interest and principal payments become current and management expects that the borrower will make future contractual payments as scheduled. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accrued but not received is generally reversed against interest income. Cash receipts on nonaccrual loans, for which the ultimate collectibility of principal is uncertain, are applied as principal reductions; otherwise, such collections are credited to income. The MUFG Group does not capitalize any accrued interest in the principal balances of impaired loans at each balance sheet date.
In accordance with SOP 03-3 adopted by the MUFG Group on April 1, 2005, impaired loans acquired for which it is probable that the MUFG Group will be unable to collect all contractual receivables are initially recorded at the present value of amounts expected to be received and the related valuation allowances are not carried over or created initially. Accretable yield is limited to the excess of the investor’s estimate of undiscounted cash flows over the investor’s initial investment in the loan and subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life after reduction of any remaining allowance for credit losses for the loan established after its acquisition, if any, while any decrease in such cash flows below those initially expected at acquisition plus additional cash flows expected to be collected arising from changes in estimate after acquisition are recognized as impairments.
Loan Securitization—The MUFG Group securitizes and services commercial and industrial loans in the normal course of business. The MUFG Group accounts for a transfer of loans in a securitization transaction as a sale if it meets relevant conditions for the surrender of control. Otherwise, the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing transaction. Interests in loans sold through a securitization accounted for as a sale may be retained in the form of subordinated tranches or beneficial interests. These retained interests are primarily
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recorded in Securities available for sale. The previous carrying amount of the loans involved in the transfer is allocated between the loans sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values at the date of the securitization. Since quoted market prices are generally not available, the MUFG Group usually estimates fair value of these retained interests based on the present value of future expected cash flows by using modeling techniques that involve management’s best estimates of key assumptions, which may include default rates, recovery rates, and discount rates. See Accounting Changes—Fair Value Measurements and Note 30 for details of fair value measurements after adoption of SFAS No. 157.
Allowance for Credit Losses—The MUFG Group maintains an allowance for credit losses to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Actual credit losses (amounts deemed uncollectible, in whole or in part), net of recoveries, are deducted from the allowance for credit losses, as net charge-offs, generally based on detailed loan reviews and a credit assessment by management at each balance sheet date. The MUFG Group generally applies its charge-off policy to all loans in its portfolio regardless of the type of borrower. The provision for credit losses, which is a charge against earnings, is added to bring the allowance to a level which, in management’s opinion, is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the credit portfolio.
A key element relating to the policies and discipline used in determining the allowance for credit losses is the credit classification and the related borrower categorization process. The categorization is based on conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to service their debt, taking into consideration current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, analyses of relevant industry segments and current trends. In determining the appropriate level of the allowance, the MUFG Group evaluates the probable loss by category of loan based on its type and characteristics.
The allowance for credit losses for non-homogeneous loans consists of an allocated allowance for specifically identified problem loans, an allocated allowance for country risk exposure, a formula allowance and an unallocated allowance. An allocated allowance is also established for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans.
The credit loss allowance for individual customers represents the impairment allowance determined in accordance with SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” The MUFG Group measures the impairment of a loan, based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or on the loan’s observable market price, or based on the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, when it is probable that the MUFG Group will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For certain subsidiaries, some impaired loans are aggregated for the purpose of measuring impairment using historical loss factors. Generally, the MUFG Group’s impaired loans include nonaccrual loans, restructured loans and other loans specifically identified as impaired.
The credit loss allowance for country risk exposure is a country-specific allowance for substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. The allowance is established to supplement the formula allowance for these loans, based on an estimate of probable losses relating to the exposure to countries that are identified by management to have a high degree of transfer risk. The measure is generally based on a function of default probability and the recovery ratio with reference to external credit ratings. For the allowance for specifically identified cross-border problem loans, the MUFG Group incorporates transfer risk in its determination of related allowance for credit losses.
The formula allowance is calculated for groups of loans collectively evaluated for impairment that cannot be attributed to specific loans by applying loss factors to outstanding substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. The evaluation of inherent loss for these loans involves a high degree of uncertainty, subjectivity and judgment. In determining the formula allowance, the MUFG Group, therefore, relies on a statistical analysis that
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
incorporates historical loss factor percentages of total loans outstanding. Corresponding to the periodic impairment identification and self-assessment process, the estimation of the formula allowance is back-tested by comparing the allowance with the actual results subsequent to the balance sheet date. The results of such back-testing are evaluated by management to determine whether the manner and level of formula allowance needs to be changed in subsequent years.
The unallocated allowance represents an estimate of additional losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is composed of attribution factors, which are based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly or indirectly measured in the determination of the allocated allowance. The conditions evaluated in connection with the unallocated allowance may include existing general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the MUFG Group, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, seasoning of the loan portfolio, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio, duration of the current business cycle, bank regulatory examination results and findings of the MUFG Group’s internal credit examiners.
Allowance for Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Instruments—The MUFG Group maintains an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments to extend credit, guarantees, standby letters of credit and other financial instruments. The allowance is recorded as a liability in Other liabilities. The MUFG Group adopts the same methodology used in determining the allowance for loan credit losses. Potential credit losses related to derivatives are considered in the fair valuation of the derivatives.
Net changes in the allowance for off-balance-sheet credit instruments are accounted for as Other non-interest expenses.
Premises and Equipment—Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. MUFG, BTMU and MUTB apply the declining-balance method in depreciating their premises and equipment, while other subsidiaries mainly apply the straight-line method, at rates principally based on the following estimated useful lives:
| Years | ||
| Buildings |
15 to 50 | |
| Equipment and furniture |
2 to 20 | |
| Leasehold improvements |
7 to 39 |
Maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Major improvements are capitalized. Net gains or losses on dispositions of premises and equipment are included in Other non-interest income or expense, as appropriate.
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value. For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level with independent and identifiable cash flows. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated cost to sell.
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Asset retirement obligations related to restoration of certain leased properties upon lease termination are recorded in Other liabilities with a corresponding increase in leasehold improvements. The amounts represent the present value of expected future cash flows associated with returning such leased properties to their original condition. The difference between the gross and present value of expected future cash flows is accreted over the life of the related leases as a non-interest expense.
Goodwill—The MUFG Group reports the excess of the cost of investments in subsidiaries over its share of the fair value of net assets at the date of acquisition as Goodwill. Goodwill related to investments in equity method investees is included in Other assets as a part of the carrying amount of investments in equity method investees.
Goodwill arising from a business combination is not amortized but is tested for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Goodwill is recorded at a designated reporting unit level for the purpose of assessing impairment. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or an identified business unit one level below an operating segment. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.
Intangible assets—Intangible assets consist of software, core deposit intangibles, customer relationships, trade names and other intangible assets. These are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless they have indefinite useful lives. Amortization of intangible assets is computed in a manner that best reflects the economic benefits of the intangible assets as follows:
| Useful lives (years) |
Amortization method | |||
| Software |
3 to 10 | Straight-line | ||
| Core deposit intangibles |
5 to 18 | Declining-balance | ||
| Customer relationships |
12 to 27 | Declining-balance | ||
| Trade names |
5 to 40 | Straight-line |
Intangible assets having indefinite useful lives, primarily certain customer relationships, are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests. An impairment exists if the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. For other intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount is not recoverable and the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset.
The MUFG Group capitalizes certain costs associated with the acquisition or development of internal-use software. Costs subject to capitalization are salaries and employee benefits for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use computer software project, to the extent of time spent directly on the project. Once the software is ready for its intended use, the MUFG Group begins to amortize capitalized costs on a straight-line basis.
Accrued Severance and Pension Liabilities—The MUFG Group has defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, including severance indemnities plans. The liabilities related to these plans are computed and recognized based on actuarial computations. Net actuarial gains and losses that arise from differences between actual experiences and assumptions are generally amortized over the average remaining service period of participating employees if it exceeds the corridor, which is defined as the greater of 10% of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)” (“SFAS No. 158”), an excess of the accumulated benefit obligation over the plan assets was
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recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as the minimum liability, and a corresponding intangible assets was recognized up to the amount equal to the total of unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized net obligation at transition. To the extent that the minimum liability exceeds the intangible asset, it was recognized in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. The costs of the plans, based on actuarial computations of current and future employee benefits, were charged to Salaries and employee benefits.
The MUFG Group adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of March 31, 2007 and the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of April 1, 2008. See Accounting Changes—Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans and Note 16 for further information.
Long-Term Debt—Premiums, discounts and issuance costs of long-term debt are amortized based on the method that approximates the interest method over the terms of the long-term debt.
Obligations under Guarantees—The MUFG Group provides customers with a variety of guarantees and similar arrangements, including standby letters of credit, financial and performance guarantees, credit protections, and liquidity facilities. The MUFG Group recognizes guarantee fee income over the guarantee period based on the contractual terms of the guarantee contracts. It is the MUFG Group’s dominant business practice to receive a guarantee fee at the inception of the guarantee, which approximates market value of the guarantee and is initially recorded as a liability, which is then recognized as guarantee fee income ratably over the guarantee period.
Allowance for repayment of excess interest—The MUFG Group maintains an allowance for repayment of excess interest, under SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” based on an analysis of past experience of reimbursement of excess interest, borrowers’ profile and recent trend of borrowers’ demand for reimbursement. The allowance is recorded as a liability in Other liabilities.
Fees and Commissions—Revenue recognition of major components of fees and commissions is as follows:
| Ÿ | Fees on funds transfer and collection services, service charges on deposit accounts, fees and commissions on securities business, fees on real estate business, insurance commissions, fees and commissions on stock transfer agency services, fees on investment funds business, and fees and commissions from other services are generally recognized as revenue when the related services are performed or recognized over the period that the service is provided. |
| Ÿ | Fees from trade-related financing services are recognized over the period of the financing. |
| Ÿ | Trust fees are recognized on an accrual basis, generally based on the volume of trust assets under management and/or the operating performance for the accounting period of each trust account. With respect to trust accounts with guarantee of trust principal, trust fees are determined based on the profits earned by individual trust account during the trust accounting period, less deductions, including provision for reserve, impairment for individual investments and dividends paid to beneficiary certificate holders. The trust fees for these trust accounts are accrued based on the amounts expected to be earned during the accounting period of each trust account. |
| Ÿ | Annual fees and royalty and other service charges related to credit card business are recorded on a straight-line basis as services are provided. |
| Ÿ | Interchange income from credit card business is recognized as billed. |
| Ÿ | Fees on guarantees are generally recognized over the contractual periods of the respective guarantees. Amounts initially recorded as a liability corresponding to the obligations at fair value are generally recognized as revenue over the terms of the guarantees as the MUFG Group is deemed to be released from the risk under guarantees. |
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Income Taxes—The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (1) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (2) operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is recognized for any portion of the deferred tax assets where it is considered more likely than not that it will not be realized. The provision for deferred taxes is based on the change in the net deferred tax asset or liability during the fiscal year.
Free Distributions of Common Shares—As permitted by the Company Law, Japanese companies, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may make a free distribution of shares, in the form of a “stock split” as defined, to shareholders. In accordance with generally accepted accounting practice in Japan, such distribution does not give rise to any change in capital stock or capital surplus accounts. Common shares distributed are recorded as shares issued on the distribution date. See Note 19 for further information.
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share—Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilutive effects of potential common shares and is computed by dividing income available to common stock shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, while diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period. See Note 22 for the computation of basic and diluted EPS.
Treasury Stock—The MUFG Group presents its treasury stock, including shares of MUFG owned by its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, as a reduction of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets at cost and accounts for treasury stock transactions under an average cost method. Gains (losses) on sales of the treasury stock are charged to capital surplus, and unappropriated retained earnings, pursuant to the provision of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins.”
Comprehensive Income (Loss)—The MUFG Group’s comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other changes in equity from nonowner sources. All changes in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges, pension liability adjustments and foreign currency translation adjustments constitute the MUFG Group’s changes in equity from nonowner sources and are presented, with related income tax effects, in the consolidated statements of changes in equity from nonowner sources.
Stock-Based Compensation—MUFG and certain of its subsidiaries have stock-based compensation plans. The MUFG Group adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”) on April 1, 2006 under the modified prospective method, which resulted in a decrease in income from continuing operations before income tax expense of ¥1,969 million and a decrease in income from continuing operations, net of taxes, of ¥1,026 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, which includes estimated forfeitures for restricted stock and the amortization of compensation costs related to unvested stock options. The corresponding impact on both basic and diluted earnings per share was a reduction of ¥0.10 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. Subsequent to adoption of SFAS No. 123R, stock-based compensation expenses were recognized based on the grant-date fair value of share based compensation plans over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the plans. See Accounting Changes—Share-Based Payment and Note 31 for further discussion of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R and stock-based compensation plans.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Stock Split
Effective September 30, 2007, MUFG declared a stock split whereby each common and preferred share was split into 1,000 common and preferred shares. As a result, the number of shares and per share information have been retroactively adjusted.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications and format changes have been made to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
These reclassifications and format changes include the presentation of “Net decrease (increase) in collaterals for derivative transactions” as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
The MUFG Group’s total assets and liabilities have increased significantly, for all financial statements presented, due to the retrospective adoption of an FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) on FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 39, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39” (“FSP FIN No. 39-1”). See Accounting Changes—Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures for further information.
These reclassifications and format changes did not result in a change to previously reported net loss or shareholders’ equity.
Change in Accounting Estimates
MUFG and its domestic subsidiaries have reviewed the salvage values of premises and equipment and decided to change the estimated salvage values of these assets to ¥1 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Under the provision of SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3,” a change in salvage values of depreciable assets is treated as a change in accounting estimate. The effect of this change has been reflected on a prospective basis beginning April 1, 2007. This change had an adverse impact on income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥53 billion and ¥31 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥3.04 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.
The MUFG Group periodically updates underlying assumptions to make a current estimate of allowance for credit losses. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, in addition to such routine update of estimates to reflect current conditions, BTMU adopted an advanced estimation to determine appropriate level of formula allowance, which is estimated based primarily on the default ratio and recoverable ratio. Previously, recoverable ratio was computed from the major cases of a default event such as legal bankruptcy. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, BTMU began incorporating other credit events for its recoverable ratio to better reflect broader cases of default. In addition, BTMU made an adjustment for the impact of heterogeneous size of borrowers among its loan portfolio to estimate the appropriate level of the formula allowance for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Since the default ratio is statistically computed by counting one credit event as one regardless of the size of borrowers, BTMU commenced making an additional reserve by looking to monetary level of past defaults in addition to the number of defaults. Similarly, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, MUTB adopted an advanced estimation to determine appropriate level of formula allowance, which is estimated based primarily on the default ratio and recoverable ratio. Previously, recoverable ratio was computed according to the amount of the secured part of loan or appraisal of the collateral, which was discounted by a
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certain rate. Due to the accumulation of the historical data, MUTB has begun incorporating the historical recovery data of unsecured portion of loan and of the respective collaterals for its respective recoverable ratios since the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the effect from those changes had a positive impact on income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥45 billion and ¥27 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥2.60 per share. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the effect from those changes had a positive impact on loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit and net loss of ¥104 billion and ¥62 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥5.69 per share.
The MUFG Group observed that the market for collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) backed by general corporate loans became significantly inactive compared with normal market activity due to the reduction in liquidity of certain debt securities resulting from the global financial market instability in the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. Under such circumstances, the MUFG Group concluded that the unadjusted non-binding quotes from broker-dealers became less reflective of the fair value as defined by SFAS No. 157 with respect to the CLOs backed by general corporate loans. Consequently, the MUFG Group changed the valuation method for estimating the fair value of such CLOs from the method adopting unadjusted quotes from independent broker-dealers to the estimation method by weighting the internal model prices and the non-binding broker-dealer quotes during the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This change in valuation method was treated as a change in accounting estimate and has been accounted for prospectively. This change in valuation method had a positive impact on loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit and net loss of ¥ 251 billion and ¥ 149 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥ 13.77 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. This change also had a positive impact on the ending balance of the accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes, of ¥ 38 billion at March 31, 2009. See Note 30 for the details of the valuation method.
Accounting Changes
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued SFAS No. 158. SFAS No. 158 requires entities to recognize a net liability or asset to report the funded status of their defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans in its consolidated statement of financial position and recognize changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans in the year in which the changes occur in comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also clarifies that defined benefit assets and obligations should be measured as of the date of the entity’s fiscal year-end statement of financial position. The requirement to recognize the funded status as of the date of the statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006. The requirement to measure plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008.
The MUFG Group adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of March 31, 2007 which resulted in an increase in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources of ¥178,784 million, net of taxes, and had no impact on how the MUFG Group determined its net periodic benefit costs.
The MUFG Group adopted the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 on April 1, 2008 which changed the measurement date for plan assets and benefit obligations of BTMU and some of its domestic subsidiaries from December 31 to March 31 by using an approach that remeasured plan assets and benefit obligations as of March 31, 2008. The MUFG Group recognized ¥411 million in gains on settlement during the period from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008 and recorded a decrease in the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 by ¥132 million, net of taxes, and a decrease in the beginning balance of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as of April 1, 2008 by ¥131,574 million, net of
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taxes, as a result of adopting this provision. The impact on the beginning balance of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources upon adoption of the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of April 1, 2008 is mainly due to a decrease in the fair value of plan assets of ¥175,680 million and an increase in benefit obligations of ¥32,382 million, net of ¥4,333 million in settlements during the period from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008 recognized as lump-sum payments for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The increase was caused by a decline in the discount rate from December 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008.
Uncertainty in Income Taxes—In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 requires recognition of a tax benefit to the extent of management’s best estimate of the impact of a tax position based on the technical merits of the position, provided it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The MUFG Group adopted FIN No. 48 on April 1, 2007, which reduced the beginning balance of retained earnings by ¥4,091 million. The MUFG Group classifies accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes as income tax expenses.
Leveraged Leases—In July 2006, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction.” This FSP requires that if, during the lease term, the projected timing of the income tax cash flows generated by a leveraged lease is revised, the rate of return and the allocation of income shall be recalculated from the inception of the lease. At adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the provisions of this FSP shall be reported as an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the period in which it is adopted. This FSP is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The MUFG Group adopted this FSP on April 1, 2007, which reduced the beginning balance of retained earnings by ¥5,725 million, net of taxes. The reduction to retained earnings at adoption will be recognized in interest income over the remaining terms of the affected leases as tax benefits are realized.
Fair Value Measurements—In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the FASB having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. Under SFAS No. 157, fair value refers to the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, for example, the reporting entity’s own data. Under SFAS No. 157, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. SFAS No. 157 shall be applied prospectively, except for the provisions related to block discounts, and existing derivative and hybrid financial instruments measured at fair value under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as modified by SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments”, using the transaction price in accordance with the guidance in the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (the “EITF”) Issue No. 02-3 “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities.” SFAS No. 157 nullifies the guidance in EITF Issue No. 02-3 which requires the deferral of trade date gains or losses on derivatives where the fair value of those derivatives were not obtained from a
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quoted market price, supported by comparison to other observable market transactions, or based upon a valuation technique incorporating observable market data. SFAS No. 157 also precludes the use of a blockage factor when measuring financial instruments traded in an active market at fair value and requires consideration of nonperformance risk when measuring liabilities at fair value. Effective April 1, 2008, the MUFG Group adopted SFAS No. 157. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 157, the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the derivatives measured using the guidance in EITF Issue No. 02-3 was recognized as a cumulative effect to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 in the amount of ¥27,317 million, net of taxes.
In February 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-1”) and an FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-2”). FSP SFAS No. 157-1 amends SFAS No. 157 to exclude SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS No. 13. However, this scope exception does not apply to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that are required to be measured at fair value under SFAS No. 141, or SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141R”), regardless of whether those assets and liabilities are related to leases. FSP SFAS No. 157-2 applies to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis and defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for those items. The MUFG Group adopted these FSPs on April 1, 2008 and applied SFAS No. 157 to all financial assets and liabilities measured and disclosed on a fair value basis, excluding the nonfinancial assets and liabilities as described in FSP SFAS No. 157-2. The nonrecurring nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which the MUFG Group has not applied the provisions of SFAS No. 157 include premises and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill measured at fair value for impairment.
In October 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-3”), to clarify how an entity would determine fair value in a market that is not active. FSP SFAS No. 157-3 was effective upon issuance. The adoption of FSP SFAS No. 157-3 did not have a material impact on the MUFG Group’s financial position and results of operations. See Note 30 for a further discussion of the adoption of SFAS No. 157.
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159. SFAS No. 159 allows entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities and certain other items at fair value that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. If a company elects the fair value option for an eligible item, changes in that item’s fair value in subsequent reporting periods must be recognized in current earnings. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Early adoption is permitted subject to certain conditions. The MUFG Group adopted SFAS No. 159 on April 1, 2008. The MUFG Group elected the fair value option for foreign securities classified as available-for-sale held by BTMU and MUTB in the amount of ¥10,448,079 million, whose unrealized gains and losses were reported within accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as of March 31, 2008. BTMU and MUTB economically manage, through their asset and liability management activities, risks associated with their foreign currency-denominated financial assets and liabilities related to fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. However, prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 159 for these securities, gains and losses on translation of these securities were reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources, while gains and losses on translation of foreign currency-denominated financial liabilities were included in current earnings. The MUFG Group elected the fair value option for these securities to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates. As a result of adopting the fair value option on these securities, MUFG recorded an increase in the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 of
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¥20,150 million, net of taxes. In addition, the MUFG Group elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by MUS’s foreign subsidiaries, which increased the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 of ¥12,829 million, net of taxes.
Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures—In April 2007, the FASB staff issued FSP FIN No. 39-1. This FSP permits offsetting of fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangements, and amends FIN No. 39 to replace the terms “conditional contracts” and “exchange contracts” with the term “derivative instruments”, as defined in SFAS No. 133. Upon adoption of this FSP, a reporting entity is permitted to change its accounting policy to offset or not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments under master netting arrangements, however, the effect of applying this FSP is required to be recognized as a change in accounting principle through retrospective application for all financial statements presented unless it is impracticable to do so. This FSP is effective for the fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Effective April 1, 2008, the MUFG Group discontinued netting its derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and present them on a gross basis. Cash collateral paid and cash collateral received continue to be presented on a gross basis. This change has significantly increased the MUFG Group’s total assets and liabilities retrospectively for all financial statements presented and is accounted for as a change in accounting principle. This change did not result in a change in previously reported total shareholders’ equity.
The effects of adoption of FSP FIN No. 39-1 on the MUFG Group’s March 31, 2008 consolidated balance sheet were as follows:
| March 31, 2008 | ||||||
| As previously reported |
As adjusted | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Trading account assets |
¥ | 13,411,755 | ¥ | 18,444,633 | ||
| Other assets |
5,447,892 | 5,449,311 | ||||
| Total assets |
190,731,786 | 195,766,083 | ||||
| Trading account liabilities |
2,927,411 | 7,961,578 | ||||
| Other liabilities |
4,687,702 | 4,687,832 | ||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
190,731,786 | 195,766,083 | ||||
Accordingly, consolidated statements of cash flows were also adjusted for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and 2008.
Income tax benefits on Share-Based Payment Awards—In June 2007, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-11, “Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards” (“EITF 06-11”), which was ratified by the FASB in June 2007. EITF 06-11 requires that realized tax benefits from dividends or dividend equivalents paid on equity-classified share-based payment awards that are charged to retained earnings should be recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and included in the pool of excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies on share-based payment awards. EITF 06-11 is effective prospectively for the income tax benefits on dividends declared in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The MUFG Group adopted EITF 06-11 on April 1, 2008, which had no material impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Hierarchy of GAAPs—In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” The main objective of SFAS No. 162 is to include the GAAP Hierarchy within
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the accounting literature established by the FASB rather than within AICPA’s Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS No. 162 is effective from November 15, 2008. Adoption of SFAS No. 162 had no material impact on the MUFG Group’s financial position and results of operations.
Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees—In September 2008, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 133 and FIN No. 45 “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161 (“FSP SFAS No. 133-1 and FIN No. 45-4”). This FSP amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” to require sellers of credit derivatives to disclose additional information about its credit derivatives and hybrid instruments that have embedded credit derivatives. In addition, the FSP amends FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others—an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB interpretation No. 34,” and requires guarantors to additionally disclose the current status of the payment/performance risk of the guarantee so that the disclosure will provide similar information to the disclosure relating to credit derivatives and hybrid instruments that have embedded credit derivatives under SFAS No. 133, as amended by this FSP. This FSP is effective for the annual or interim reporting periods ending after November 15, 2008. The MUFG Group adopted this FSP on March 31, 2009, which had no material impact on its financial position and results of operations. See Notes 23 and 24 for additional disclosures provided upon adoption of this FSP.
Disclosure about Transfers of Financial Assets and Involvement with Variable Interest Entities—In December 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 140 and FIN No. 46R, “Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities” (“FSP SFAS No. 140-4 and FIN No. 46R-8”). This FSP requires enhanced disclosures about continuing involvements with transferred financial assets and involvement with variable interest entities. The requirements apply to transferors, sponsors, servicers, primary beneficiaries and holders of significant variable interests in a variable interest entity or qualifying special purpose entity. This FSP is effective prospectively for the first interim or annual reporting period ending after December 15, 2008, with disclosures of comparative information in period earlier than the effective date encouraged. The MUFG Group adopted this FSP on March 31, 2009, which had no material impact on its financial position and results of operations. See Note 6 and Note 25 for additional disclosures provided upon adoption of this FSP.
Impairment Guidance for Beneficial Interests—In January 2009, the FASB issued an FSP on EITF 99-20, “Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20” (“FSP EITF 99-20-1”). This FSP amends the impairment guidance in EITF Issue No. 99-20, “Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased Beneficial Interests and Beneficial Interests That Continue to Be Held by a transferor in a Securitized Financial Assets” (“EITF 99-20”). This FSP revises EITF 99-20’s impairment guidance for beneficial interests to make it consistent with the requirements of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” for determining whether an impairment of debt and equity securities has occurred. The SFAS No. 115 impairment model enables greater judgment to be exercised in determining whether an other than temporary impairment needs to be recorded. The impairment model previously provided for in EITF 99-20 limited management’s use of judgment in applying the impairment model. This FSP is effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2008 with retrospective application prohibited. The MUFG Group adopted this FSP on March 31, 2009, which did not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements—In September 2006, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance
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Arrangements.” This EITF requires that an agreement by the employer to share a portion of the proceeds of a life insurance policy with the employee during the postretirement period is a postretirement benefit arrangement for which a liability must be recorded. The MUFG Group adopted this EITF on April 1, 2008, which did not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Investment Company Accounting—In June 2007, the AICPA issued SOP 07-1, “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies.” SOP 07-1 provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies (the “AICPA Guide”). The statement also addresses whether the specialized industry accounting principles of the AICPA Guide should be retained by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the entity. In addition, in May 2007, the FASB staff issued an FSP on FIN No. 46R, “Application of FIN No. 46R to Investment Companies” (“FSP FIN No. 46R-7”), which amends FIN No. 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities—An Interpretation of ARB No. 51,” to make permanent the temporary deferral of the application of FIN No. 46R to entities within the scope of the revised audit guide under SOP 07-1. These new standards were expected to be effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2007, with earlier application encouraged. However, in February 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SOP 07-1, “Effective Date of AICPA Statement of Position 07-1” (“FSP SOP 07-1-1”), to delay indefinitely the effective dates of SOP 07-1 and the application of FSP FIN No. 46R-7 in order to address implementation issues. For entities that have not yet adopted the provisions of SOP 07-1 and FSP FIN No. 46R-7, early adoption will not be permitted during the indefinite deferral.
Business Combinations—In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R. SFAS No. 141R will significantly change the accounting for business combinations while retaining the fundamental requirements in SFAS No. 141, that the acquisition method of accounting (which SFAS No. 141 called the purchase method) be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS No. 141R further expands the definitions of a business and the fair value measurement and reporting in a business combination. SFAS No. 141R states that all business combinations (whether full, partial or step acquisitions) will result in all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling (minority) interests in the acquiree being recorded at their acquisition-date fair values with limited exceptions. Certain forms of contingent considerations and certain acquired contingencies will be recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. SFAS No. 141R also states acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred, restructuring costs will be expensed in periods after the acquisition date, and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense. SFAS No. 141R also includes a substantial number of new disclosure requirements to disclose all information needed to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008 with early adoption prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 141R will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Noncontrolling Interests—In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS No. 160 requires a company to clearly identify and present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section but separate from the parent’s equity. It also requires the following changes: (1) the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest should be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statements of
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operations; (2) changes in parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions; and (3) when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary and the gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary should be measured at fair value. SFAS No. 160 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 with early adoption prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 160 will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The significant additional disclosures required by SFAS No. 161 include (1) a tabular summary of the fair values of derivative instruments and their gains and losses, (2) disclosure of credit-risk-related contingent features in order to provide more information regarding an entity’s liquidity from using derivatives, and (3) cross-referencing within footnotes to make it easier for financial statement users to locate important information about derivative instruments. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. It encourages but does not require comparative disclosures for earlier periods at initial adoption. SFAS No. 161 will only affect the MUFG Group’s disclosures of derivative instruments and related hedging activities, and will not affect its financial position and results of operations.
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions—In February 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions” (“FSP SFAS No. 140-3”). This FSP requires that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing that was entered into contemporaneously with, or in contemplation of, the initial transfer be evaluated together as a linked transaction under SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125” unless certain criteria are met. FSP SFAS No. 140-3 is effective for the fiscal years beginning on or after November 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect FSP SFAS No. 140-3 will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities—In June 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on EITF Issue No. 03-6, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in a Share-Based Payment Transaction are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF No. 03-6-1”). FSP EITF No. 03-6-1 concludes that unvested share-based payment awards which contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends should be considered equivalent to participating securities and included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method under SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.” FSP EITF No. 03-6-1 is effective retrospectively for the fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 with early adoption prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect FSP EITF No. 03-6-1 will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Employers’ Disclosures and Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets—In December 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 132R, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” (“FSP SFAS No. 132R-1”). The FSP contains amendments to SFAS No. 132R, “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits,” that are intended to enhance the transparency surrounding the types of assets and associated risks in an employer’s defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. This FSP expands the disclosures set forth in SFAS No. 132R by adding required disclosures about: (1) how investment allocation decisions are made by management, (2) major categories of plan assets, and (3) significant concentrations of risk. Additionally, the FSP requires an employer to disclose information about the valuation of plan assets similar to that required under SFAS No. 157. The new disclosures are required to be included in financial statements for
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fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009 with early application permitted. This FSP only requires additional disclosures, and will not affect the MUFG Group’s financial position and results of operations.
Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments—In April 2009, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 115 and SFAS No. 124, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment” (“FSP SFAS No. 115-2 and SFAS No. 124-2”). This FSP amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for debt securities and improves the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities in the financial statements. This FSP requires an entity to recognize an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security if the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or if it is more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. In addition, this FSP requires an entity to recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the noncredit component in other comprehensive income when the entity does not intend to sell the debt security and if it is more likely than not that the entity will not required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. This FSP also requires additional disclosures regarding the calculation of credit losses, as well as factors considered in reaching a conclusion that an investment is not other than temporarily impaired. This FSP is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect this FSP will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Measurement of Fair Value in Inactive Markets—In April 2009, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-4”). This FSP provides additional guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased and includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. This FSP also amends the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 157 to require entities to disclose on interim and annual periods the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value and provide, by major categories of debt and equity securities identified in accordance with SFAS No. 115, the SFAS No. 157 hierarchy and Level 3 roll-forward disclosures. This FSP is effective prospectively for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. The impact of the adoption is not expected to be significant on the MUFG Group’s financial position and results of operations.
Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments—In April 2009, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 107 and APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” (“FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB Opinion No. 28-1”). This FSP amends the guidance in SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements. This FSP also amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require those disclosures in summarized financial information at interim reporting periods. This FSP is effective for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009 with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. This FSP only requires additional disclosures, and will not affect the MUFG Group’s financial position and results of operations.
Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies—In April 2009, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 141R, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies” (“FSP SFAS No. 141R-1”). This FSP amends and clarifies SFAS No. 141R to require that assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies be recognized at fair value, as determined in
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
accordance with SFAS No. 157, if the acquisition date fair value can be reasonably determined. If the acquisition date fair value of such an asset or liability cannot be reasonably determined, the asset or liability would be measured using existing accounting guidance. This FSP is effective for assets or liabilities arising from contingencies in business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect this FSP will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Subsequent Events—In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events” (“SFAS No. 165”). SFAS No. 165 distinguishes between the date that the financial statements are issued from the date that the financial statements are available to be issued and requires that the disclosure identify the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events on that basis. This disclosure should also highlight that an entity has not evaluated subsequent events after that date. SFAS No. 165 shall be effective for interim or annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. The MUFG Group does not expect SFAS No. 165 to have a significant impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Amendment of Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets—In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets—An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (“SFAS No. 166”) which clarifies the application of certain derecognition concepts in SFAS No. 140 and eliminates the concept of a qualifying special purpose entity from SFAS No. 140. SFAS No. 166 clarifies the concept of “surrendered control” to consider any continuing involvement with the transferred assets regardless of when the terms were agreed. In addition, SFAS No. 166 introduces the term “participating interest” to establish specific conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale. Finally, SFAS No. 166 eliminates certain alternatives with respect to initial recognition and measurement and requires that a transferor recognize and initially measure all assets obtained including a transferor’s beneficial interest and liabilities incurred as a result of a transfer of financial assets accounted for as a sale, at fair value. SFAS No. 166 is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning after November 15, 2009, and interim periods within that year. Early adoption is prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 166 will have on its financial position and results of operations.
Amendment of Accounting for Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities—In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)”(“SFAS No. 167”). SFAS No. 167 changes certain aspects of FIN No. 46(R). SFAS No. 167 changes the current guidance by modifying the characteristics for assessing a primary beneficiary to include entities that have the power to direct the activities of the variable interest entity which significantly impact its economic performance and the right to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the entity. This must be reassessed on an ongoing basis. In addition, SFAS No. 167 amends the identification of variable interest entities by eliminating the scope exception for qualified special purpose entities and adding an additional reconsideration event for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity. SFAS No. 167 is effective for the first annual reporting period beginning after November 15, 2009, and interim periods within that year. Early adoption is prohibited. The MUFG Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 167 will have on its financial position and results of operations.
The Codification and the Hierarchy of GAAPs—In June 2009, the FASB voted to approve the “FASB Accounting Standards Codification” (the “Codification”) to be the single source of authoritative non-governmental US GAAP and issued SFAS No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162” (SFAS No. 168”). The Codification is not meant to change US GAAP, but is intended to improve the ease of researching US GAAP issues. The Codification reorganizes existing US GAAP pronouncements, relevant portions of authoritative content issued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and SEC staff interpretations and administrative guidance, into approximately 90 accounting topics. Once the Codification is launched on July 1, 2009, it is the single source of authoritative US GAAP. On the effective date of
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
SFAS No. 168, the Codification supersedes all then-existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards to become the single source of authoritative non-governmental US GAAP. All other nongrandfathered non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification will become nonauthoritative. SFAS No. 168 represents the final standard that the FASB will issue in the form of Statements, FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts. All subsequent standards will be issued as “Accounting Standard Updates,” which will serve only to update the Codification. The Codification and SFAS No. 168 are effective for financial statements issued for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, UnionBanCal Corporation (“UNBC”), a U.S. subsidiary of BTMU whose results were reported as a separate business segment, signed a definitive agreement to sell its international correspondent banking operations to Wachovia Bank, N.A., effective October 6, 2005, and the principal legal closing of the transaction took place on the same day, with UNBC receiving ¥25,220 million in cash from Wachovia Bank, N.A. At the principal closing, no loans or other assets were acquired by Wachovia Bank, N.A., and no liabilities were assumed. UNBC continued to operate the international business over a transition period of several months. All of UNBC’s offices designated for disposal were closed as of June 30, 2006. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, UNBC received an additional ¥466 million as a contingent purchase price payment.
The MUFG Group accounted for these transactions as discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” and presented the results of discontinued operations as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, assets to be disposed or sold, accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, and liabilities to be extinguished or assumed in connection with discontinued operations were presented as separate assets and liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.
Interest expense was attributed to discontinued operations based on average net assets. The amount of interest expense allocated to discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was ¥209 million, nil and nil, respectively.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, UNBC entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) relating to past violations of Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering regulations that occurred in UNBC’s now discontinued international banking business. As part of this agreement, UNBC paid the DOJ ¥2,545 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The ¥2,545 million payment and ¥194 million of related legal and other outside services costs were allocated to discontinued operations as these past violations pertained to UNBC’s international banking business. The income tax benefit of ¥69 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 reflects the nondeductibility of the ¥2,545 million payment to the DOJ.
The components of loss from discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenue |
¥ | 1,604 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | |||||
| Loss from discontinued operations |
¥ | (2,451 | ) | ¥ | (2,739 | ) | ¥ | — | |||
| Gains on disposal |
466 | — | — | ||||||||
| Minority interest in loss of consolidated subsidiaries |
(434 | ) | (924 | ) | — | ||||||
| Income tax benefit |
(734 | ) | (69 | ) | — | ||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations—net |
¥ | (817 | ) | ¥ | (1,746 | ) | ¥ | — | |||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.
On April 1, 2007, the merger between UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (“UFJ NICOS”) and DC Card Co., Ltd. (“DC Card”), two credit card subsidiaries of BTMU, came into effect with UFJ NICOS being the surviving entity and UFJ NICOS renamed Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS. Each share of DC Card’s common stock was exchanged for 30 shares of UFJ NICOS’s common stock. The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of the minority interest in DC Card were measured based on their fair value as of April 1, 2007. The MUFG Group initially recorded approximately ¥4 billion of intangible assets.
On November 6, 2007, MUFG acquired ¥120 billion of new common shares in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS. As a result, the MUFG Group has approximately 76% ownership of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS compared with its prior holding of approximately 66%. The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS shares were measured based on their fair value. The MUFG Group initially recorded approximately ¥19 billion of goodwill and approximately ¥16 billion of intangible assets. The objectives of this additional investment are to strengthen the financial base of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, utilize its financial resources effectively, and develop a new credit business strategy due to the changing business environment for consumer finance companies in Japan.
The MUFG Group reorganized the capital structure of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, a 76%-owned subsidiary, by eliminating the only outstanding class of capital stock other than the common stocks and by having The Norinchukin Bank (“Norinchukin”) become the sole minority shareholder. This reorganization was carried out in order to further enhance the strategic integrity and flexibility of the MUFG Group and to strive for effective utilization of managerial resources within the MUFG Group.
Pursuant to such reorganization, on August 1, 2008, MUFG acquired, through a share exchange, all the outstanding Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock and all the outstanding Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock whereby MUFG issued MUFG common stock at a ratio of 0.37 shares of MUFG common stock for every one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock and 1.39 shares of MUFG common stock for every one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock. MUFG, then, sold 244 million shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock to Norinchukin. Furthermore, MUFG converted all of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock acquired from Norinchukin into Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock. As a result, the ownership by MUFG of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS decreased to approximately 85% from 100%.
The foregoing reorganization was accounted for as follows:
The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of the minority interest of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS were accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and were recorded based on their fair value as of August 1, 2008. The MUFG common stock issued in the share exchange were valued at ¥131 billion based on the average market price for a reasonable period before and after the date the terms of the acquisition were agreed to and announced. As a result, MUFG owned all the outstanding Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stocks. The MUFG Group recorded approximately ¥23 billion of goodwill and ¥27 billion of intangible assets.
The acquisition of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock and the sale of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock were treated as one unit of account within the context of MUFG’s conversion of the Class 1 stock. The foregoing transactions were accounted for as: (i) capital transaction representing an induced conversion by Norinchukin of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock for approximately 186.6 million shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock, and (ii) the sale by MUFG of approximately 57.4 million shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock, and (iii) issuance of 69.5 million shares of MUFG common stock. As a result, MUFG
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
recognized a credit to capital surplus of ¥71 billion and recognized ¥8 billion as a direct charge to retained earnings representing the effect of the inducement calculated based on the excess number of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock deemed received by Norinchukin (over the number of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock that it would have otherwise received had it converted Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 stock under its contractual terms). In addition, gains on the sale of the 57.4 million shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock of ¥6 billion were recognized in the statements of operations. Furthermore, net loss attributable to common stockholders was increased by ¥8 billion attributable to the effect of the induced conversion in the calculation of earnings per share.
All the MUFG common stock issued to effect the foregoing transactions were previously held as treasury stocks. The difference between their carrying amounts and the amount at which the corresponding reissuance was measured was respectively recorded in capital surplus and unappropriated retained earnings, pursuant to the provision of APB Opinion No. 6, “Status of Accounting Research Bulletins”.
kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd.
BTMU acquired approximately 20% ownership of kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. (“kabu.com Securities”), a retail online securities company in Japan through tender offers, valuing the transaction at approximately ¥41 billion, resulting in MUFG’s ownership to approximately 51% during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The assets and liabilities acquired through purchases of the minority interest of kabu.com Securities were measured based on their fair value. The MUFG Group recorded approximately ¥78 billion of goodwill and approximately ¥10 billion of intangible assets. The purpose of the acquisition is to strengthen the retail online securities business and enhance comprehensive Internet-based financial services the MUFG Group provides.
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd.
On September 30, 2007, MUFG and MUS executed a share exchange. The share exchange ratio was set at 1.02 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of MUS common stock, valuing the transaction at approximately ¥370 billion. The share exchange ratio was calculated based on the MUFG’s stock after the stock split, which was effective on September 30, 2007. MUFG’s treasury stock was exchanged for the shares of MUS common stock and there was no issuance of new shares. Losses on the share exchange were charged to Capital surplus for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. As a result of the share exchange, MUS became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG. MUFG previously owned approximately 60% of MUS. The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of the minority interest of MUS were measured based on their fair value as of September 30, 2007. The MUFG Group initially recorded approximately ¥23 billion of goodwill and ¥98 billion of intangible assets. The purpose of making MUS a wholly-owned subsidiary is, among other factors, to seize the opportunities presented by the deregulation of the Japanese financial markets and further enhance cooperation between group companies.
UnionBanCal Corporation
BTMU acquired approximately 36% ownership of UNBC through cash tender offers, valuing the transaction at approximately ¥389 billion. The offer expired on September 26, 2008, with purchase of the shares being effective on October 1, 2008. After the offer, BTMU owned approximately 97 % of UNBC’s outstanding common stock and acquired the remaining 3 % on November 4, 2008. As a result of the tender offers, followed by the second-step merger, UNBC became a wholly owned subsidiary of BTMU. BTMU previously owned approximately 64% of UNBC. The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of the minority interest of UNBC were measured based on their fair value as of October 1, 2008. The MUFG Group initially recorded approximately ¥175 billion of goodwill and ¥67 billion of intangible assets. The purpose of making UNBC a wholly-owned subsidiary is to achieve greater management flexibility and aim to further strengthen the MUFG Group’s presence in the United States.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
4. TRADING ACCOUNT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The following table shows trading account assets and liabilities, carried at estimated fair value, at March 31, 2008 and 2009. Effective April 1, 2008, the MUFG Group discontinued netting its derivative assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and now present them on a gross basis. The balances at March 31, 2008 shown below were also retrospectively adjusted to conform with the above change. See Note 1, “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail.
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Trading account assets(2): |
||||||
| Trading securities: |
||||||
| Japanese government, prefectural and municipal bonds |
¥ | 4,540,158 | ¥ | 4,998,168 | ||
| Commercial paper |
1,401,970 | 1,934,438 | ||||
| Equity securities, foreign governments bonds, mortgage-backed securities and other securities(1) |
3,940,292 | 13,363,095 | ||||
| Total |
9,882,420 | 20,295,701 | ||||
| Trading derivative assets: |
||||||
| Interest rate contracts: |
||||||
| Forwards and futures |
17,911 | 15,152 | ||||
| Swaps and swap-related products |
4,539,518 | 6,620,766 | ||||
| Options purchased |
312,364 | 504,394 | ||||
| Total |
4,869,793 | 7,140,312 | ||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: |
||||||
| Forwards and futures |
1,473,413 | 628,826 | ||||
| Swaps |
952,094 | 844,899 | ||||
| Options purchased |
799,541 | 763,650 | ||||
| Total |
3,225,048 | 2,237,375 | ||||
| Other contracts, mainly commodity and credit-related contracts |
467,372 | 608,137 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 18,444,633 | ¥ | 30,281,525 | ||
| Trading account liabilities(2): |
||||||
| Trading securities sold, not yet purchased |
¥ | 226,797 | ¥ | 102,956 | ||
| Trading derivative liabilities: |
||||||
| Interest rate contracts: |
||||||
| Forwards and futures |
17,701 | 37,791 | ||||
| Swaps and swap-related products |
4,243,572 | 5,997,508 | ||||
| Options written |
305,131 | 557,555 | ||||
| Total |
4,566,404 | 6,592,854 | ||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: |
||||||
| Forwards and futures |
1,252,258 | 510,048 | ||||
| Swaps |
941,007 | 1,122,994 | ||||
| Options written |
614,498 | 648,430 | ||||
| Total |
2,807,763 | 2,281,472 | ||||
| Other contracts, mainly commodity and credit-related contracts |
360,614 | 515,279 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 7,961,578 | ¥ | 9,492,561 | ||
Notes:
| (1) | At March 31, 2009, equity securities, foreign governments bonds, mortgage-backed securities and other securities were mainly comprised of the securities measured at fair value under fair value option. See Note 30 for further information on fair value option accounting. |
| (2) | See Note 30 for the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values. |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The MUFG Group performs trading activities through market-making, sales and arbitrage, while maintaining risk levels within appropriate limits in accordance with its risk management policy. Net trading gains (losses) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were comprised of the following:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Interest rate and other derivative contracts |
¥ | 212,778 | ¥ | 520,564 | ¥ | 555,505 | ||||||
| Trading account securities, excluding derivatives |
192,035 | (122,168 | ) | (813,312 | ) | |||||||
| Trading account profits (losses)—net |
404,813 | 398,396 | (257,807 | ) | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange derivative contracts |
(72,263 | ) | 26,832 | (829,605 | ) | |||||||
| Net trading gains (losses) |
¥ | 332,550 | ¥ | 425,228 | ¥ | (1,087,412 | ) | |||||
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized cost |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value |
Amortized cost |
Gross unrealized gains |
Gross unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 16,133,001 | ¥ | 73,835 | ¥ | 20,943 | ¥ | 16,185,893 | ¥ | 23,846,153 | ¥ | 55,409 | ¥ | 8,788 | ¥ | 23,892,774 | ||||||||
| Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds |
203,090 | 5,267 | 127 | 208,230 | 277,895 | 4,684 | 101 | 282,478 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign governments and official institutions bonds |
3,637,566 | 37,728 | 4,471 | 3,670,823 | 185,561 | 5,247 | 177 | 190,631 | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
5,281,321 | 137,543 | 10,895 | 5,407,969 | 3,791,045 | 86,310 | 8,327 | 3,869,028 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
3,439,490 | 4,675 | 5,505 | 3,438,660 | 676,326 | 8,232 | 16,320 | 668,238 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities |
3,566,554 | 11,056 | 103,543 | 3,474,067 | 576,298 | 5,151 | 54,292 | 527,157 | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
4,315,233 | 2,086,557 | 58,131 | 6,343,659 | 3,340,339 | 730,038 | 110,596 | 3,959,781 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 36,576,255 | ¥ | 2,356,661 | ¥ | 203,615 | ¥ | 38,729,301 | ¥ | 32,693,617 | ¥ | 895,071 | ¥ | 198,601 | ¥ | 33,390,087 | ||||||||
| Securities being held to maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 2,601,852 | ¥ | 18,825 | ¥ | 1,731 | ¥ | 2,618,946 | ¥ | 1,352,213 | ¥ | 19,032 | ¥ | 1,593 | ¥ | 1,369,652 | ||||||||
| Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds |
71,966 | 1,108 | — | 73,074 | 51,961 | 753 | — | 52,714 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign governments and official institutions bonds |
9,602 | 664 | — | 10,266 | 204,954 | 2,337 | 246 | 207,045 | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
154,313 | 1,887 | 22 | 156,178 | 143,236 | 1,647 | 7 | 144,876 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other debt securities |
1,933 | — | — | 1,933 | 1,059,989 | 11,208 | 19,038 | 1,052,159 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 2,839,666 | ¥ | 22,484 | ¥ | 1,753 | ¥ | 2,860,397 | ¥ | 2,812,353 | ¥ | 34,977 | ¥ | 20,884 | ¥ | 2,826,446 | ||||||||
In the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, it was observed that there was a rare circumstance where the liquidity of certain foreign investment securities was significantly reduced due to the global financial market turmoil lasting for a substantial period of time, and resulted in difficulties selling these
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securities at prices that would be realized under normal market conditions. In light of this rare circumstance, the MUFG Group changed its intent to hold certain foreign investment securities until their maturities. According to this change of the intent, BTMU reclassified these investment securities, which consist of asset-backed securities, from the trading category to the “Other debt securities” of the held-to-maturity category on January 30, 2009. The reclassification of these investment securities was made at fair value of ¥1,053,029 million on the date of reclassification. While these trading securities were measured at fair value with their unrealized holding gains and losses recognized in earnings, the reclassified held-to-maturity investment securities are measured at amortized cost as of the balance sheet date. The carrying amount of the reclassified investment securities was ¥1,056,339 million at March 31, 2009.
Investment securities other than securities available for sale or being held to maturity (i.e., nonmarketable equity securities presented in Other investment securities) were primarily carried at cost of ¥513,975 million and ¥1,390,315 million, at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively, because their fair values were not readily determinable. The MUFG Group periodically monitors the status of each investee including the credit ratings and changes in the MUFG Group’s share of net assets in the investees as compared with its shares at the time of investment, or utilizes commonly accepted valuation models for certain nonmarketable equity securities issued by public companies which are convertible to marketable common stock in the future, to determine if impairment losses, if any, are to be recognized on these nonmarketable securities. The impairment of cost-method investments is not evaluated when valuation models are not applicable if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The MUFG Group did not estimate the fair value of such investments in accordance with paragraph 14 and 15 of SFAS No. 107. These investments had aggregate costs of ¥167,803 million and ¥163,813 million, at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Investment securities held by certain subsidiaries subject to specialized industry accounting principles in AICPA Guides presented in Other investment securities were carried at fair value of ¥66,038 million and ¥43,809 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
See Note 30 for the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair values.
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of debt securities being held to maturity and the estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale at March 31, 2009 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date and securities embedded with call or prepayment options, such as mortgage-backed securities, are included in the table below based on their original final maturities.
| Held-to-maturity | Available for sale | ||||||||
| Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value |
Estimated fair value | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Due in one year or less |
¥ | 246,604 | ¥ | 247,197 | ¥ | 12,514,533 | |||
| Due from one year to five years |
1,442,944 | 1,463,261 | 9,859,355 | ||||||
| Due from five years to ten years |
218,773 | 214,068 | 4,585,539 | ||||||
| Due after ten years |
904,032 | 901,920 | 2,470,879 | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 2,812,353 | ¥ | 2,826,446 | ¥ | 29,430,306 | |||
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, gross realized gains on sales of investment securities available for sale were ¥360,406 million, ¥324,715 million and ¥224,507 million, respectively, and gross realized losses on sales of investment securities available for sale were ¥66,190 million, ¥239,635 million and ¥75,165 million, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, losses resulting from impairment of investment securities to reflect the decline in value considered to be other than temporary were ¥162,959 million, ¥1,543,779 million and ¥858,874 million, respectively, which were included in Investment securities gains (losses)—net in the consolidated statements of operations. The losses of ¥1,543,779 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 included losses of ¥1,169,069 million from debt securities available for sale mainly classified as Foreign governments and official institutions bonds and Mortgage-backed securities, and ¥331,259 million from marketable equity securities. The losses of ¥858,874 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 included losses of ¥155,489 million from debt securities available for sale mainly classified as Japanese national government bonds and corporate bonds, and ¥660,719 million from marketable equity securities.
The following table shows the unrealized gross losses and estimated fair values of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2008 and 2009 by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position:
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Number of securities | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 7,193,164 | ¥ | 20,943 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | 7,193,164 | ¥ | 20,943 | 51 | |||||||
| Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds |
23,113 | 127 | — | — | 23,113 | 127 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Foreign governments and official institution bonds |
137,363 | 4,391 | 12,920 | 80 | 150,283 | 4,471 | 74 | |||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
262,242 | 10,895 | — | — | 262,242 | 10,895 | 1,097 | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
34,295 | 240 | 333,492 | 5,265 | 367,787 | 5,505 | 280 | |||||||||||||
| Other securities |
854,265 | 101,552 | 32,171 | 1,991 | 886,436 | 103,543 | 325 | |||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
542,296 | 58,131 | — | — | 542,296 | 58,131 | 239 | |||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 9,046,738 | ¥ | 196,279 | ¥ | 378,583 | ¥ | 7,336 | ¥ | 9,425,321 | ¥ | 203,615 | 2,069 | |||||||
| Securities being held to maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 4,398 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | 243,025 | ¥ | 1,730 | ¥ | 247,423 | ¥ | 1,731 | 10 | |||||||
| Corporate bonds |
10,185 | 21 | 3,996 | 1 | 14,181 | 22 | 16 | |||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 14,583 | ¥ | 22 | ¥ | 247,021 | ¥ | 1,731 | ¥ | 261,604 | ¥ | 1,753 | 26 | |||||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Estimated fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Number of securities | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 8,449,806 | ¥ | 8,788 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | 8,449,806 | ¥ | 8,788 | 97 | |||||||
| Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds |
33,437 | 101 | — | — | 33,437 | 101 | 30 | |||||||||||||
| Foreign governments and official institution bonds |
7,860 | 176 | 152 | 1 | 8,012 | 177 | 19 | |||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
667,722 | 8,327 | — | — | 667,722 | 8,327 | 5,178 | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities |
108,635 | 8,535 | 72,017 | 7,785 | 180,652 | 16,320 | 138 | |||||||||||||
| Other securities |
29,804 | 1,077 | 98,703 | 53,215 | 128,507 | 54,292 | 228 | |||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities |
820,181 | 110,564 | 48 | 32 | 820,229 | 110,596 | 225 | |||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 10,117,445 | ¥ | 137,568 | ¥ | 170,920 | ¥ | 61,033 | ¥ | 10,288,365 | ¥ | 198,601 | 5,915 | |||||||
| Securities being held to maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds |
¥ | 2,524 | ¥ | 81 | ¥ | 23,244 | ¥ | 1,512 | ¥ | 25,768 | ¥ | 1,593 | 5 | |||||||
| Foreign government and Official institutions bonds |
34,316 | 246 | — | — | 34,316 | 246 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds |
1,603 | 4 | 2,701 | 3 | 4,304 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Other debt securities |
670,774 | 19,038 | — | — | 670,774 | 19,038 | 75 | |||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 709,217 | ¥ | 19,369 | ¥ | 25,945 | ¥ | 1,515 | ¥ | 735,162 | ¥ | 20,884 | 94 | |||||||
The MUFG Group has determined that unrealized losses on investments at March 31, 2008 and 2009 are temporary based on its ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery and the results of its review conducted to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairments. Impairment is evaluated considering various factors, and their relative significance varies from case to case. The MUFG Group’s review includes, but is not limited to, consideration of the following factors:
The length of time that fair value of the investment has been below cost—The MUFG Group generally deems a continued decline of fair value below cost for six months or more to be other than temporary. Certain securities held by BTMU, MUTB and certain other subsidiaries, which primarily consist of debt securities issued by the Japanese national government and generally considered to be of minimal credit risk, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of the respective subsidiary’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity.
The extent to which the fair value of investments has been below cost as of the end of the reporting period—The MUFG Group’s investment portfolio is exposed to volatile equity prices affected by many factors including investors’ perspectives as to future economic factors and the issuers’ performance, as well as cyclical market price fluctuation due to changes in market interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and changes in credit spreads etc. In view of the diversity and volume of equity investments as well as the fact that the majority of investments in debt securities are in high-grade fixed-rate bonds, including sovereign bonds, the MUFG Group generally deems the decline in fair value below cost of 20% or more as an indicator of an other than temporary decline in fair value.
The financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer—The MUFG Group considers the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer primarily based on the credit standing of the issuers as determined by its credit rating system.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
At March 31, 2009, unrealized losses on certain other debt securities being held to maturity held by BTMU, all of which have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, are considered temporary, since BTMU has the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities of which have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months are also considered temporary, since the MUFG Group primarily makes these investments for strategic purposes to maintain long-term relationship with its customers.
Certain securities held by UNBC, which primarily consist of debt securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and corporate asset-backed and debt securities, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of a cash flow analysis of such securities and/or UNBC’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity. As shown in the table above, there were no material unrealized losses that have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more, except for unrealized losses on certain mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities held by UNBC at March 31, 2009. Mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more are primarily securities guaranteed by a Government-Sponsored Enterprise (“GSE”) such as U.S. Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and relatively small amounts of AAA-rated private label mortgage securities. These securities are collateralized by residential mortgage loans and may be prepaid at par prior to maturity. All of the unrealized losses on the mortgage-backed securities resulted from rising interest rates subsequent to purchase and in the case of private label mortgage securities, additional credit spread widening since purchase. Since the securities do not have observable credit quality issues and the Company has the ability and intent to hold the mortgage-backed securities until recovery of the par amount, which could be maturity, the unrealized loss is considered temporary. Other debt securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more primarily consisted of credit card receivable securities and collateralized loan obligations held by UNBC. Unrealized losses on such securities arise from rising interest rates, widening credit spreads, credit quality of the underlying collateral, and the market’s opinion of the performance of the fund managers. Cash flow analysis of the underlying collateral provides an estimate of other-than-temporary impairment, which is performed quarterly on lower rated securities. Any security with a change in credit rating is also subject to cash flow analysis to determine whether or not an other-than-temporary impairment exists. The fair value of the collateralized loan obligation portfolio was adversely impacted by the liquidity crisis caused by the subprime loan industry and by the overall financial market crisis. Although none of the collateralized loan obligations in UNBC’s portfolio contain subprime loan assets, widening credit spreads caused their value to decline. Since the securities do not have observable credit quality issues and the UNBC has the ability and intent to hold the other debt securities until recovery of the carrying value, which could be maturity, the unrealized loss is considered temporary.
Preferred Stock Investment in Morgan Stanley
MUFG purchased on October 13, 2008 preferred stock issued by Morgan Stanley for $9 billion. Morgan Stanley is a leading global financial services firm providing a wide range of investment banking, securities, investment management and wealth management services. The investments in Morgan Stanley preferred stock are carried at cost on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2009. In addition, the MUFG Group has loans, guarantees and other market transactions with Morgan Stanley and its subsidiaries. Those transactions were made in the ordinary course of business and the aggregate outstanding amount of these transactions as of March 31, 2009 was not significant to the MUFG Group or to Morgan Stanley.
The $9 billion investment in Morgan Stanley preferred stock consisted of $7.8 billion of 7,839,209 shares of newly created 10% Series B Non-cumulative Non-voting Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock and $1.2 billion of 1,160,791 shares of newly created 10% Series C Non-cumulative Non-voting Perpetual Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible any time at the option of MUFG at a conversion price of $25.25 per
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
common stock. In addition, one half of the Series B Preferred Stock mandatorily converts into Morgan Stanley common stock when the closing price of the common stock is above 150 percent of the conversion price for a certain period that occurs after the first anniversary of the issuance date and any outstanding Series B Preferred Stock mandatorily converts on the same basis two years after the issuance date. Furthermore, the conversion of the Morgan Stanley preferred stock is subject to certain ownership limits on the part of MUFG. The Series C Preferred Stock may be redeemed by Morgan Stanley, at its option, starting on or after October 15, 2011 at a redemption price of $1,100 per share. The Morgan Stanley preferred stock ranks senior to the Morgan Stanley common stock as to dividends and liquidation with liquidation preference of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock at $1,000 per share.
Loans at March 31, 2008 and 2009, by domicile and type of industry of borrowers are summarized below:
Classification of loans by industry is based on the industry segment loan classification as defined by the Bank of Japan.
| 2008(3) | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 11,178,924 | ¥ | 12,922,822 | ||||
| Construction |
1,728,534 | 1,803,541 | ||||||
| Real estate |
10,857,072 | 10,436,795 | ||||||
| Services |
6,553,980 | 6,750,442 | ||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
9,308,599 | 9,760,805 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
4,671,499 | 4,836,047 | ||||||
| Communication and information services |
1,150,438 | 732,652 | ||||||
| Other industries |
10,806,144 | 9,515,861 | ||||||
| Consumer |
21,517,672 | 20,542,398 | ||||||
| Total domestic |
77,772,862 | 77,301,363 | ||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
316,761 | 351,134 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions(1) |
2,100,057 | 2,687,004 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
16,189,725 | 17,550,544 | ||||||
| Other |
2,706,750 | 2,510,521 | ||||||
| Total foreign |
21,313,293 | 23,099,203 | ||||||
| Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net |
(84,076 | ) | (90,225 | ) | ||||
| Total(2) |
¥ | 99,002,079 | ¥ | 100,310,341 | ||||
Notes:
| (1) | Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. |
| Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses. |
| (2) | The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥505,626 million and ¥119,596 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| (3) | Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2008 has been restated as follows: |
| As previously reported |
As restated | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Domestic: |
||||||||
| Manufacturing |
¥ | 11,322,092 | ¥ | 11,178,924 | ||||
| Construction |
1,759,436 | 1,728,534 | ||||||
| Real estate |
8,247,964 | 10,857,072 | ||||||
| Services |
6,707,417 | 6,553,980 | ||||||
| Wholesale and retail |
9,436,939 | 9,308,599 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
4,825,368 | 4,671,499 | ||||||
| Communication and information services |
1,152,727 | 1,150,438 | ||||||
| Other industries |
10,412,330 | 10,806,144 | ||||||
| Consumer |
23,908,589 | 21,517,672 | ||||||
| Total domestic |
77,772,862 | 77,772,862 | ||||||
| Foreign: |
||||||||
| Governments and official institutions |
316,761 | 316,761 | ||||||
| Banks and other financial institutions |
2,100,057 | 2,100,057 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial |
16,188,426 | 16,189,725 | ||||||
| Other |
2,708,049 | 2,706,750 | ||||||
| Total foreign |
21,313,293 | 21,313,293 | ||||||
| Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net |
(84,076 | ) | (84,076 | ) | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 99,002,079 | ¥ | 99,002,079 | ||||
Nonaccrual and restructured loans were ¥1,661,720 million and ¥1,771,110 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Had interest on these loans been accrued pursuant to the original terms, gross interest income on such loans for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 would have been approximately ¥92.6 billion and ¥93.4 billion, respectively, of which approximately ¥68.0 billion and ¥47.5 billion, respectively, were included in interest income on loans in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more were ¥17,952 million and ¥21,487 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
The MUFG Group provided commitments to extend credit to customers with restructured loans. The amounts of such commitments were ¥16,897 million and ¥40,001 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. See Note 24 for further discussion of commitments to extend credit.
Impaired Loans
The MUFG Group’s impaired loans primarily include nonaccrual loans and restructured loans. A summary of the recorded balances of impaired loans and related impairment allowance at March 31, 2008 and 2009 is shown below:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| Recorded loan balance |
Impairment allowance |
Recorded loan balance |
Impairment allowance | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Requiring an impairment allowance |
¥ | 1,131,739 | ¥ | 563,285 | ¥ | 1,168,477 | ¥ | 618,560 | ||||
| Not requiring an impairment allowance(1) |
311,813 | — | 407,755 | — | ||||||||
| Total(2) |
¥ | 1,443,552 | ¥ | 563,285 | ¥ | 1,576,232 | ¥ | 618,560 | ||||
Notes:
| (1) | These loans do not require an allowance for credit losses under SFAS No. 114 since the fair values of the impaired loans equal or exceed the recorded investments in the loans. |
| (2) | In addition to impaired loans presented in the above table, there were loans held for sale that were impaired of ¥11,911 million at March 31, 2008 and there were no loans held for sale that were impaired at March 31, 2009. |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The average recorded investments in impaired loans were approximately ¥1,395 billion, ¥1,397 billion and ¥1,556 billion, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the MUFG Group recognized interest income of approximately ¥36.0 billion, ¥48.3 billion and ¥40.0 billion, respectively, on impaired loans. Interest income on nonaccrual loans was recognized on a cash basis when ultimate collectibility of principal was certain; otherwise, cash receipts were applied as principal reductions. Interest income on accruing impaired loans, including restructured loans, was recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that the collectibility of interest income was reasonably certain based on management’s assessment.
Loans Acquired in a Transfer
In accordance with SOP 03-3, the following table sets forth information primarily about loans of the UFJ Holdings Group acquired in connection with the merger, for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the MUFG Group will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable.
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Loans acquired during the fiscal year: |
||||||||
| Contractually required payments receivable at acquisitions |
¥ | 38,703 | ¥ | 28,827 | ||||
| Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisitions |
6,680 | 6,366 | ||||||
| Fair value of loans at acquisitions |
6,099 | 6,366 | ||||||
| Accretable yield for loans within the scope of SOP 03-3: |
||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 184,448 | ¥ | 122,063 | ||||
| Additions |
581 | — | ||||||
| Accretion |
(86,346 | ) | (50,386 | ) | ||||
| Disposals |
(4,521 | ) | — | |||||
| Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference |
27,901 | 10,542 | ||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 122,063 | ¥ | 82,219 | ||||
| Loans within the scope of SOP 03-3: |
||||||||
| Outstanding balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,224,057 | ¥ | 879,762 | ||||
| Outstanding balance at end of fiscal year |
879,762 | 654,150 | ||||||
| Carrying amount at beginning of fiscal year |
455,906 | 287,322 | ||||||
| Carrying amount at end of fiscal year |
287,322 | 248,511 | ||||||
| Nonaccruing loans within the scope of SOP 03-3: |
||||||||
| Carrying amount at acquisition date during fiscal year |
¥ | 2,137 | ¥ | 6,366 | ||||
| Carrying amount at end of fiscal year |
95,794 | 73,260 | ||||||
| Provisions within the scope of SOP 03-3: |
||||||||
| Balance of allowance for loan losses at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 12,391 | ¥ | 19,779 | ||||
| Additional provisions during fiscal year |
35,952 | 36,862 | ||||||
| Reductions of allowance during fiscal year |
6,668 | 6,960 | ||||||
| Balance of allowance for loan losses at end of fiscal year |
19,779 | 23,443 | ||||||
The MUFG Group considered prepayments in the determination of contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected based on historical results.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Lease Receivable
As part of its financing activities, the MUFG Group enters into leasing arrangements with customers. The MUFG Group’s leasing operations are performed through leasing subsidiaries and consist principally of direct financing leases involving various types of data processing equipment, office equipment and transportation equipment.
As of March 31, 2008 and 2009, the components of the investment in direct financing leases were as follows:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Minimum lease payment receivable |
¥ | 970,477 | ¥ | 889,521 | ||||
| Estimated residual values of leased property |
44,048 | 34,097 | ||||||
| Less—unearned income |
(73,184 | ) | (68,493 | ) | ||||
| Net investment in direct financing leases |
¥ | 941,341 | ¥ | 855,125 | ||||
Future minimum lease payment receivables under noncancelable leasing agreements as of March 31, 2009 were as follows:
| Direct financing leases | |||
| (in millions) | |||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
|||
| 2010 |
¥ | 277,184 | |
| 2011 |
224,870 | ||
| 2012 |
172,025 | ||
| 2013 |
102,517 | ||
| 2014 |
55,804 | ||
| 2015 and thereafter |
57,121 | ||
| Total minimum lease payment receivables |
¥ | 889,521 | |
Government-led Loan Restructuring Program
Under the legislation enacted by the Japanese Diet in June 1996, which incorporates the restructuring program for the loans of seven failed housing-loan companies (the “Jusen”), the Deposit Insurance Corporation (“DIC”) established a Housing Loan Administration Corporation (“HLAC”) to collect and dispose of the loans of the liquidated Jusen. In 1999, HLAC merged with the Resolution and Collection Bank Limited to create the Resolution and Collection Corporation (“RCC”), which is wholly owned by the DIC.
Financial institutions, including the MUFG Group, waived the repayment of substantial amounts of the loans to the Jusen and transferred the remaining balances to HLAC. Financial institutions were requested to make loans to HLAC to finance its collection activities, and in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, the MUFG Group made loans of ¥407,078 million with an original maturity term of 15 years. The 15-year term loans to HLAC, which are guaranteed by the DIC under the legislation and the loan agreements, mature in 2011 and earn interest at TIBOR (Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate) plus 0.125%. On October 1, 2005, the MUFG Group acquired, at fair value, loans of the UFJ Holdings Group to HLAC in connection with the merger with UFJ Holdings. During the
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, certain of these loans were repaid before maturity. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, outstanding loans to RCC were ¥210,148 million and ¥193,628 million, respectively.
Under this restructuring program, a Financial Stabilization Fund (the “Special Fund”) was established within the DIC, and the Bank of Japan and other financial institutions established another fund (the “New Fund”). These funds are principally invested in Japanese government bonds. The MUFG Group made non-interest-earning deposits of ¥176,089 million with the Special Fund and the New Fund in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. The deposit balances as of March 31, 2008 and 2009, which are included in Other assets, were ¥365,146 million and ¥372,114 million, respectively, reflecting a present value discount and subsequent amortization of the discount during the period until the expected maturity date. The non-interest-earning deposits with these funds are expected to mature in 15 years from the deposit dates, which coincides with the planned operational lifespan of RCC.
It is uncertain what losses (so-called “stage two loss”), if any, may ultimately be incurred by the RCC through the collection of the Jusen loans during the 15-year term. If any such losses ultimately occur, the Japanese government will be liable for half of such losses, and the investment income to be earned by the Special Fund during the 15 years is to be used to cover the remaining losses. The investment income to be earned by the New Fund during the 15 years is to be used to compensate for a portion of the public funds used for the Jusen restructuring.
At this time management believes all loans and deposits will be collectible according to their respective terms.
Sales of Loans
The MUFG Group originates various types of loans to corporate and individual customers in Japan and overseas in the normal course of its business. In order to improve its loan quality, BTMU and MUTB actively disposed of nonperforming loans. Most of such nonperforming loans were disposed of by sales to third parties without any continuing involvement. Management of BTMU and MUTB generally approves disposals after significant sales terms, including prices, are negotiated. As such, loans are disposed of by sales shortly after the loans are transferred to the held-for-sale classification. The net gains on the sales of loans were ¥31,243 million and ¥14,771 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The net losses on the sales of loans was ¥1,728 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Loan Securitization
The MUFG Group had no significant transfers of loans in securitization transactions accounted for as sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. The MUFG Group securitized loans without recourse of ¥68,090 million to the special purpose entity which was in form of trust accounting and which issued senior beneficial interests and subordinated beneficial interests in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. The MUFG Group’s retained interests consisted of senior beneficial interests of ¥60,671 million which were recorded as investment securities. The subordinated beneficial interests of ¥7,419 million were sold and the gains or losses recognized were not material. The carrying amount of the investment securities was allocated between the senior beneficial interests and the subordinated beneficial interests based on their relative fair values at the date of the securitization. The senior beneficial interests are carried at their fair values and the unrealized holding gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported as a net amount in a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized. The purpose of the special purpose entity is to hold and manage only loans without recourse. The MUFG Group provides servicing for beneficial interests in the securitized loans. However no servicing assets or liabilities were recorded as a result of these transactions since the MUFG Group received adequate
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
compensation. The MUFG Group did not provide contractual or noncontractual financial support to the special purpose entity or subordinated beneficial interests holders. And there were no liquidity arrangements, guarantees or other commitments provided by third parties related to the transferred financial assets. At March 31, 2009, key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of the senior beneficial interests were as follows:
| 2009 | |||
| Discount rate |
0.21 - 1.15 | % | |
| Credit spread |
1.84 - 5.33 | % |
At March 31, 2009, the sensitivities of the fair value to an immediate adverse change of 10% and 20% were as follows:
| 2009 | |||
| Discount rate: |
|||
| Impact of 10% adverse change |
99.72 - 99.85 | % | |
| Impact of 20% adverse change |
99.44 - 99.70 | % | |
| Credit spread: |
|||
| Impact of 10% adverse change |
98.99 - 99.53 | % | |
| Impact of 20% adverse change |
97.97 - 99.07 | % |
The sensitivities are hypothetical. In this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the senior beneficial interests was calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes could be correlated and changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
There were no other loans that were managed with the securitized loans, and both the transferred assets and the retained assets had no delinquencies at the end of March 31, 2009. No credit losses had been incurred from those loans for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Related Party Loans
In some cases, the banking subsidiaries of MUFG make loans to related parties, including their directors and executive officers, in the course of their normal commercial banking business. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, outstanding loans to such related parties were not significant.
In the opinion of management, these related party loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral requirements, as those terms prevailing at the date these loans were made. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, there were no loans to related parties that were charged-off. Additionally, at March 31, 2008 and 2009, there were no loans to related parties that were impaired.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
7. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 are shown below:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,012,227 | ¥ | 1,112,453 | ¥ | 1,134,940 | |||||
| Provision for credit losses |
358,603 | 385,740 | 626,947 | ||||||||
| Charge-offs |
303,114 | 386,484 | 603,298 | ||||||||
| Less—Recoveries |
40,419 | 30,592 | 26,446 | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs |
262,695 | 355,892 | 576,852 | ||||||||
| Others(1) |
4,318 | (7,361 | ) | (28,397 | ) | ||||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,112,453 | ¥ | 1,134,940 | ¥ | 1,156,638 | |||||
Note:
| (1) | Others principally include losses/(gains) from foreign exchange translation. |
As explained in Note 6, nonperforming loans were actively disposed of by sales during recent years. The allocated allowance for credit losses for such loans was removed from the allowance for credit losses and transferred to the valuation allowance for loans held for sale upon a decision to sell. Net charge-offs in the above table include the decrease in the allowance for credit losses due to loan disposal activity amounting to ¥4.6 billion, ¥5.9 billion and ¥13.2 billion for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
Premises and equipment at March 31, 2008 and 2009 consisted of the following:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Land |
¥ | 430,968 | ¥ | 413,257 | ||
| Buildings |
585,196 | 566,310 | ||||
| Equipment and furniture |
639,228 | 653,211 | ||||
| Leasehold improvements |
355,484 | 356,985 | ||||
| Construction in progress |
6,679 | 16,290 | ||||
| Total |
2,017,555 | 2,006,053 | ||||
| Less accumulated depreciation |
941,749 | 962,637 | ||||
| Premises and equipment—net |
¥ | 1,075,806 | ¥ | 1,043,416 | ||
Premises and equipment include capitalized leases, principally related to data processing equipment, which amounted to ¥124,433 million and ¥113,188 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Accumulated depreciation on such capitalized leases at March 31, 2008 and 2009 amounted to ¥72,176 million and ¥77,777 million, respectively.
BTMU has entered into sales agreements to sell its buildings and land and, under separate agreements, leased those properties back for their business operations, including bank branches. BTMU either provided nonrecourse financings to the buyers for the sales proceeds or invested in the equities of the buyers. As a result, BTMU was considered to have continuing involvement with the properties. For accounting and reporting
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
purposes, these transactions were accounted for under the financing method with the sales proceeds recognized as a financing obligation. The properties were reported on the consolidated balance sheets and depreciated. The financing obligation at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were ¥74,954 million and ¥56,053 million, respectively.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the MUFG Group recognized ¥12,602 million, ¥4,732 million and ¥7,480 million, respectively, of impairment losses for long-lived assets, primarily real estate which was either formerly used for its banking operations and is no longer used or real estate that is being used where recovery of carrying amount is doubtful. In addition, ¥319 million, ¥60 million and ¥2,955 million of impairment losses were recognized for real estate held for sale for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. These losses are included in Other non-interest expenses. In computing the amount of impairment losses, fair value was determined primarily based on market prices, if available, or the estimated price based on an appraisal.
9. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The table below presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group | Integrated Trust Assets Business Group |
Global Markets |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | Overseas | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Other than UNBC |
UNBC | Overseas Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2007 |
¥ | 726,206 | ¥ | 854,425 | ¥ | 148,065 | ¥ | 91,286 | ¥ | 239,351 | ¥ | 1,093,776 | ¥ | 22,527 | ¥ | 2,300 | ¥ | 1,844,809 | ||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill acquired during the fiscal year(2) |
108,982 | 25,169 | — | 1,578 | 1,578 | 26,747 | — | — | 135,729 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss |
(10,154 | ) | (883,567 | ) | — | — | — | (883,567 | ) | — | — | (893,721 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reduction due to elimination of valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |
(8,694 | ) | (2,990 | ) | — | — | — | (2,990 | ) | — | — | (11,684 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments and other |
(11,839 | ) | 6,963 | 3,606 | 274 | 3,880 | 10,843 | — | — | (996 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2008 |
¥ | 804,501 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 151,671 | ¥ | 93,138 | ¥ | 244,809 | ¥ | 244,809 | ¥ | 22,527 | ¥ | 2,300 | ¥ | 1,074,137 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2008 |
¥ | 804,501 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 151,671 | ¥ | 93,138 | ¥ | 244,809 | ¥ | 244,809 | ¥ | 22,527 | ¥ | 2,300 | ¥ | 1,074,137 | ||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill acquired during the fiscal year(2) |
25,860 | 1,713 | — | 175,262 | 175,262 | 176,975 | — | — | 202,835 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment loss |
(829,901 | ) | (1,206 | ) | — | — | — | (1,206 | ) | (14,735 | ) | — | (845,842 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reduction due to sales of subsidiaries |
— | — | — | (9,666 | ) | (9,666 | ) | (9,666 | ) | — | — | (9,666 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reduction due to elimination of valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |
(103 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (103 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments and other |
(357 | ) | (46 | ) | — | (41,532 | ) | (41,532 | ) | (41,578 | ) | — | — | (41,935 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2009 |
¥ | — | ¥ | 461 | ¥ | 151,671 | ¥ | 217,202 | ¥ | 368,873 | ¥ | 369,334 | ¥ | 7,792 | ¥ | 2,300 | ¥ | 379,426 | ||||||||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | See Note 28 for the business segment information of the MUFG Group. |
| (2) | See Note 3 for the goodwill acquired in connection with various acquisitions. |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Goodwill impairment losses of ¥893,721 million and ¥845,842 million were recognized for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Reporting units for which impairment losses were recognized are as follows:
| Business Segment |
Reporting Unit | Impairment loss | ||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
MUS-Retail | ¥ | 10,154 | ¥ | — | |||
| Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
BTMU-Retail | — | 636,322 | |||||
| Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS-Retail | — | 193,579 | |||||
| Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Domestic |
BTMU-Corporate | 828,786 | — | |||||
| Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Domestic |
MUTB-Real Estate | 14,950 | — | |||||
| Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Domestic |
MUS-Corporate | 39,831 | 1,206 | |||||
| Integrated Trust Assets Business Group |
MUTB-Trust | — | 14,735 | |||||
| ¥ | 893,721 | ¥ | 845,842 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the MUFG group recognized ¥893,721 million as an impairment of goodwill, mainly due to the global financial market instability. MUFG’s stock price declined from ¥1,330 at March 31, 2007 to ¥860 at March 31, 2008. It led to decrease market capitalization and negatively affected the fair value of reporting units for the purpose of periodical goodwill impairment testing. As a result, goodwill relating to MUS-Retail, BTMU-Corporate, MUTB-Real Estate and MUS-Corporate reporting units got impaired.
Since the financial crisis continues, or much worse than that of last year, MUFG’s stock price decreased to ¥476 at March 31, 2009, and market capitalization continuously diminished. That made forecast weak and led us negatively affect the fair value of reporting units furthermore. As a result of readjustment of future projections performed by management, the fair value of most reporting units which is based on discounted cash flows fell below the carrying amount of them.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, based on these situations, the MUFG group recognized ¥845,842 million as an impairment of goodwill relating to BTMU-Retail, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS-Retail, MUS-Corporate and MUTB-Trust reporting units.
The fair value of those reporting units was estimated using the expected present value of future cash flow.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Other Intangible Assets
The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount, in total and by major class of intangible assets at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount |
Accumulated amortization |
Net carrying amount |
Gross carrying amount |
Accumulated amortization |
Net carrying amount | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets subject to amortization: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Software |
¥ | 1,117,276 | ¥ | 533,887 | ¥ | 583,389 | ¥ | 1,119,020 | ¥ | 583,143 | ¥ | 535,877 | ||||||
| Core deposit intangibles |
597,967 | 204,479 | 393,488 | 637,568 | 265,402 | 372,166 | ||||||||||||
| Customer relationships |
259,795 | 71,247 | 188,548 | 208,061 | 85,533 | 122,528 | ||||||||||||
| Trade names |
57,467 | 4,886 | 52,581 | 62,740 | 8,007 | 54,733 | ||||||||||||
| Other |
5,048 | 2,345 | 2,703 | 6,428 | 2,782 | 3,646 | ||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 2,037,553 | ¥ | 816,844 | 1,220,709 | ¥ | 2,033,817 | ¥ | 944,867 | 1,088,950 | ||||||||
| Intangible assets not subject to amortization: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived customer relationships |
100,817 | 64,162 | ||||||||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived trade names |
6,192 | 4,459 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other |
11,206 | 34,370 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
118,215 | 102,991 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,338,924 | ¥ | 1,191,941 | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 amounted to ¥353,517 million, which primarily consisted of ¥227,608 million of software, ¥104,913 million of customer relationships and ¥18,601 million of trade names. The weighted average amortization periods for these assets are 5 years, 15 years and 39 years, respectively. There is no significant residual value estimated for these assets. Intangible assets not subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 amounted to ¥67,789 million, which primarily consisted of ¥61,417 million of customer relationships.
Intangible assets subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 amounted to ¥263,129 million, which primarily consisted of ¥157,291 million of software, ¥50,138 million of core deposit intangibles and ¥44,153 million of customer relationships. The weighted average amortization periods for these assets are 6 years, 5 years and 16 years, respectively. There is no significant residual value estimated for these assets. Intangible assets not subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 amounted to ¥24,577 million.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the MUFG Group recognized ¥184,760 million, ¥78,679 million and ¥126,885 million, respectively, of impairment losses for intangible assets whose carrying amount exceeded their fair value. In computing the amount of impairment losses, fair value was determined primarily based on market prices, if available, the estimated value based on appraisal, or the discounted expected future cash flows.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The impairment loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 included a loss of ¥183,959 million relating to customer relationships and trade names in the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group, which were both subject to and not subject to amortization. These intangible assets were initially valued based on discounted expected future cash flows. The future cash flows were negatively revised due to the adverse change in the business environment for consumer finance companies attributable to an ensuing action toward legal revisions of consumer lending law to lower the interest rate permissible on consumer loans and, accordingly, the MUFG Group reevaluated these intangible assets and recognized impairment losses.
The impairment loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 included a loss of ¥77,107 million relating to customer relationships in the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group and Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Domestic, which were subject to amortization. These intangible assets were valued based on discounted expected future cash flows. Estimated future cash flows were revised downwards due to the global financial market instability. Accordingly, the MUFG Group reevaluated these intangible assets and recognized impairment losses.
The impairment loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 included losses of ¥83,088 million and ¥36,672 million relating to customer relationships in the Integrated Retail Banking Business Group and Integrated Trust Assets Business Group, which were subject to and not subject to amortization, respectively. These intangible assets were valued based on discounted expected future cash flows. Estimated future cash flows were revised downwards due to the global financial market instability. Accordingly, the MUFG Group reevaluated these intangible assets and recognized impairment losses.
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
| (in millions) | |||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
|||
| 2010 |
¥ | 220,660 | |
| 2011 |
192,497 | ||
| 2012 |
160,974 | ||
| 2013 |
127,284 | ||
| 2014 |
83,096 | ||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The detail of current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Current: |
||||||||||||
| Domestic |
¥ | 67,470 | ¥ | 41,437 | ¥ | 27,180 | ||||||
| Foreign |
50,363 | 65,355 | 114,259 | |||||||||
| Total |
117,833 | 106,792 | 141,439 | |||||||||
| Deferred: |
||||||||||||
| Domestic |
420,204 | 470,859 | (293,849 | ) | ||||||||
| Foreign |
14,789 | (24,606 | ) | (107,518 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
434,993 | 446,253 | (401,367 | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations |
552,826 | 553,045 | (259,928 | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax benefit from discontinued operations |
(734 | ) | (69 | ) | — | |||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) reported in shareholders’ equity relating to: |
||||||||||||
| Investment securities available for sale |
207,652 | (915,001 | ) | (587,781 | ) | |||||||
| Derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges |
(158 | ) | 1,672 | 3,254 | ||||||||
| Minimum pension liability adjustments |
(1,019 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Pension liability adjustments |
— | (33,249 | ) | (292,629 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |
343 | (31,675 | ) | (14,965 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
206,818 | (978,253 | ) | (892,121 | ) | |||||||
| Total |
¥ | 758,910 | ¥ | (425,277 | ) | ¥ | (1,152,049 | ) | ||||
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate
Income taxes in Japan applicable to the MUFG Group are imposed by the national, prefectural and municipal governments, and in the aggregate resulted in a normal effective statutory rate of approximately 40.6% for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Foreign subsidiaries are subject to income taxes of the countries in which they operate.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
A reconciliation of the effective income tax rate reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations to the combined normal effective statutory tax rate for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 is as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| Combined normal effective statutory tax rate |
40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | 40.6 | % | |||
| Nondeductible expenses |
0.2 | 24.9 | (0.2 | ) | |||||
| Dividends from foreign subsidiaries |
0.9 | 101.8 | (0.3 | ) | |||||
| Foreign tax credit and payments |
0.8 | 10.2 | (0.7 | ) | |||||
| Lower tax rates applicable to income of subsidiaries |
(0.5 | ) | (79.0 | ) | — | ||||
| Minority interests |
0.6 | 143.7 | 0.6 | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance |
7.2 | 1,400.7 | (2.4 | ) | |||||
| Realization of previously unrecognized tax effects of subsidiaries |
— | (5.0 | ) | (1.7 | ) | ||||
| Nontaxable dividends received |
(1.4 | ) | (152.3 | ) | 0.5 | ||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
— | 2,937.4 | (19.9 | ) | |||||
| Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |
0.9 | 36.3 | (1.5 | ) | |||||
| Tax and interest expense for FIN No. 48 |
— | 8.5 | (1.0 | ) | |||||
| Other—net |
(0.6 | ) | 8.5 | 1.0 | |||||
| Effective income tax rate |
48.7 | % | 4,476.3 | % | 15.0 | % | |||
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed for each tax jurisdiction using currently enacted tax rates applicable to periods when the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The tax effects of the items comprising the MUFG Group’s net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses |
¥ | 678,935 | ¥ | 798,020 | ||||
| Operating loss carryforwards |
1,059,865 | 775,298 | ||||||
| Loans |
28,053 | 22,637 | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other |
364,009 | 394,606 | ||||||
| Premises and equipment, including sale-and-leaseback transactions |
142,861 | 124,582 | ||||||
| Derivative financial instruments |
38,068 | 44,868 | ||||||
| Investment securities (including trading account assets at fair value under fair value option at March 31, 2009) |
— | 809,996 | ||||||
| Accrued severance indemnities and pension plans |
— | 269,799 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance(1) |
(704,072 | ) | (729,874 | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax assets |
1,607,719 | 2,509,932 | ||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
| Investment securities |
287,442 | — | ||||||
| Intangible assets |
299,876 | 247,003 | ||||||
| Lease transactions |
54,747 | 50,965 | ||||||
| Accrued severance indemnities and pension plans |
107,543 | — | ||||||
| Other |
72,648 | 76,972 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities |
822,256 | 374,940 | ||||||
| Net deferred tax assets |
¥ | 785,463 | ¥ | 2,134,992 | ||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Note:
| (1) | At March 31, 2008 and 2009, ¥321 billion and ¥329 billion, respectively, of the valuation allowance related to gross deferred tax assets was attributable to the merger with UFJ Holdings and to the acquisition of noncontrolling interest of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and MUS. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, the tax benefit of ¥12 billion and less than ¥1 billion, respectively, attributed to the merger or the acquisition was recognized by eliminating the valuation allowance and was applied to reduce goodwill. |
The valuation allowance was provided primarily against deferred tax assets recorded at MUFG and its subsidiaries with operating loss carryforwards. The amount of the valuation allowance is determined based on a review of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards) and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Future taxable income is developed from forecasted operating results, based on recent historical trends and approved business plans, the eligible carryforward periods and other relevant factors. For certain subsidiaries where strong negative evidence exists, such as the existence of significant amounts of operating loss carryforwards, cumulative losses and the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards in recent years, a valuation allowance was recognized against the deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2008 and 2009 to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. The net changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets were an increase of ¥194,609 million and ¥25,802 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The increase for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 reflected an increased valuation allowance for certain subsidiaries to capture the continuing global economic slowdown. This was partly offset by a decrease in MUFG’s valuation allowance due mainly to future dividend income from the investment in Morgan Stanley.
Income taxes are not provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that are considered to be indefinitely reinvested in the operations of such subsidiaries. At March 31, 2009, the undistributed earnings of such foreign subsidiaries amounted to approximately ¥21,640 million. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities with respect to these undistributed earnings is not practicable because of the complexity associated with its hypothetical calculation including foreign withholding taxes and foreign tax credits. MUFG has neither plans nor the intention to dispose of investments in such foreign subsidiaries and, accordingly, does not expect to record capital gains or losses, or otherwise monetize the undistributed earnings of such foreign subsidiaries.
Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
At March 31, 2009, the MUFG Group had operating loss carryforwards of ¥1,830,012 million and tax credit carryforwards of ¥1,423 million for tax purposes. Such carryforwards, if not utilized, are scheduled to expire as follows:
| Operating loss carryforwards |
Tax credit carryforwards | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
||||||
| 2010 |
¥ | 183,610 | ¥ | 522 | ||
| 2011 |
151,530 | — | ||||
| 2012 |
1,029,957 | — | ||||
| 2013 |
218,046 | — | ||||
| 2014 |
28,379 | — | ||||
| 2015 |
128,827 | — | ||||
| 2016 and thereafter |
68,266 | 693 | ||||
| No definite expiration date |
21,397 | 208 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,830,012 | ¥ | 1,423 | ||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Uncertainty in Income Tax
The MUFG Group adopted the provisions of FIN No. 48 on April 1, 2007. As a result, the MUFG Group recognized the liability of ¥13,559 million, including interest and penalties, for uncertain tax benefits, which resulted in a decrease to retained earnings by ¥4,091 million. The following is a roll-forward of the MUFG Group’s FIN No. 48 unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31,2008 and 2009:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 34,969 | ¥ | 44,764 | ||||
| Gross amount of increases for current year’s tax positions |
14,764 | 23,960 | ||||||
| Gross amount of increases for prior years’ tax positions |
4,202 | 15,104 | ||||||
| Gross amount of decreases for prior years’ tax positions |
(3,861 | ) | (5,459 | ) | ||||
| Net amount of changes relating to settlements with tax authorities |
179 | 447 | ||||||
| Decreases due to lapse of applicable statutes of limitations |
(1,291 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||
| Foreign exchange translation |
(4,198 | ) | (5,945 | ) | ||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 44,764 | ¥ | 72,857 | ||||
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2008 and 2009 that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate are ¥11,013 and ¥25,471 million, respectively. The remainder of the uncertain tax positions has offsetting amounts in other jurisdictions or is temporary difference.
The MUFG Group classifies accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes as Income tax expenses. Interest and penalties (not included in the “unrecognized tax benefits” above) are a component of Accrued and other liabilities. The following is a roll-forward of the interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 3,540 | ¥ | 4,047 | ||||
| Total interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of operations |
1,532 | 2,588 | ||||||
| Total cash settlements and foreign exchange translation |
(1,025 | ) | (793 | ) | ||||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 4,047 | ¥ | 5,842 | ||||
The MUFG Group is subject to ongoing tax examinations by the tax authorities of the various jurisdictions. The following are the major tax jurisdictions in which the MUFG Group operates and the status of years under audit or open to examination:
| Jurisdiction |
Tax years | |
| Japan |
2009 | |
| United States—Federal |
1994 and forward | |
| United States—California |
2003 and forward | |
| United States—New York |
2001 and forward |
The U.S. Federal income tax returns of a certain affiliate for the years 1994 to 2001 have been examined by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and are currently being appealed. It is reasonably possible that the case will be settled by accepting a settlement offer during the next 12 months. As a result, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by up to ¥2,416 million and the related accrued interest and penalties may decrease by up to ¥1,334 million. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 and 2003 are currently under examination.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The MUFG Group does not anticipate any other material increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. However, the MUFG Group is under continuous examinations by the tax authorities in various domestic and foreign jurisdictions and many of these examinations are resolved every year. Therefore, the MUFG Group’s estimate of unrecognized tax benefits is subject to change based on new developments and information.
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) by jurisdiction for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Domestic income (loss) |
¥ | 894,685 | ¥ | (164,500 | ) | ¥ | (1,750,035 | ) | |||
| Foreign income |
240,246 | 176,855 | 22,067 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,134,931 | ¥ | 12,355 | ¥ | (1,727,968 | ) | ||||
11. PLEDGED ASSETS AND COLLATERAL
Pledged Assets
At March 31, 2009, assets mortgaged, pledged, or otherwise subject to lien were as follows:
| (in millions) | |||
| Trading account securities |
¥ | 11,918,919 | |
| Investment securities |
4,046,148 | ||
| Loans |
6,317,430 | ||
| Other |
78,841 | ||
| Total |
¥ | 22,361,338 | |
The above pledged assets were classified by type of liabilities to which they related as follows:
| (in millions) | |||
| Deposits |
¥ | 484,255 | |
| Call money and funds purchased |
588,847 | ||
| Payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions |
12,320,598 | ||
| Other short-term borrowings and long-term debt |
8,939,398 | ||
| Other |
28,240 | ||
| Total |
¥ | 22,361,338 | |
In addition, at March 31, 2009, certain investment securities, principally Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds and loans, and other assets aggregating ¥19,248,043 million were pledged as collateral for acting as a collection agent of public funds, for settlement of exchange at the Bank of Japan and Tokyo Bankers Association, for derivative transactions and for certain other purposes.
The MUFG Group engages in on-balance sheet securitizations. Securitizations of mortgage and apartment loans, which do not qualify for sales treatment, are accounted for as secured borrowings. The amount of loans in the table above combines the carrying amount of these transactions with the carrying amount of the associated liabilities included in other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Under Japanese law, Japanese banks are required to maintain certain reserves on deposit with the Bank of Japan based on the amount of deposit balances and certain other factors. There are similar reserve deposit requirements for foreign offices engaged in banking businesses in foreign countries. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the reserve funds maintained by the MUFG Group, which are included in Cash and due from banks and Interest-earning deposits in other banks, were ¥2,359,024 million and ¥2,015,698 million, respectively. Average reserves during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 were ¥1,565,247 million and ¥1,682,655 million, respectively.
Collateral
The MUFG Group accepts and provides financial assets as collateral for transactions, principally commercial loans, repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, call money, and derivatives. Financial assets eligible for such collateral include, among others, marketable equity securities, trade and notes receivable and certificates of deposit.
Secured parties, including creditors and counterparties to certain transactions with the MUFG Group, may sell or repledge financial assets provided as collateral. Certain contracts, however, may not be specific about the secured party’s right to sell or repledge collateral under the applicable statutes and, therefore, whether or not the secured party is permitted to sell or repledge collateral would differ depending on the interpretations of specific provisions of the existing statutes, contract or certain market practices. If the MUFG Group determines, based on available information, that a financial asset provided as collateral might not be sold or repledged by the secured parties, such collateral is not separately reported in the consolidated balance sheets. If a secured party is permitted to sell or repledge financial assets provided as collateral by contract or custom under the existing statutes, the MUFG Group reports such pledged financial assets separately on the face of the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2009, the MUFG Group pledged ¥25,093 billion of assets that may not be sold or repledged by the secured parties.
Certain banking subsidiaries accept collateral for commercial loans and certain banking transactions under a standardized agreement with customers, which provides that these banking subsidiaries may require the customers to provide collateral or guarantees with respect to the loans and other banking transactions. Financial assets pledged as collateral are generally negotiable and transferable instruments, and such negotiability and transferability is authorized by applicable legislation. In principle, Japanese legislation permits these banking subsidiaries to repledge financial assets accepted as collateral unless otherwise prohibited by contract or relevant statutes. Nevertheless, the MUFG Group did not sell or repledge nor does it plan to sell or repledge such collateral accepted in connection with commercial loans before a debtor’s default or other credit events specified in the agreements as it is not customary within the banking industry in Japan to dispose of collateral before a debtor’s default and other specified credit events. Derivative agreements commonly used in the marketplace do not prohibit a secured party’s disposition of financial assets received as collateral, and in resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions, securities accepted as collateral may be sold or repledged by the secured parties. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the fair value of the collateral accepted by the MUFG Group that is permitted to be sold or repledged was approximately ¥26,302 billion(1) and ¥21,632 billion, respectively, of which approximately ¥10,358 billion(2) and ¥6,730 billion, respectively, was sold or repledged. The amount includes the collateral that may be repledged under the current Japanese legislation but the MUFG Group does not dispose of before the counterparties’ default in accordance with the customary practice within the Japanese banking industry.
Notes:
| (1) | The fair value of the collateral accepted by the MUFG Group that is permitted to be sold or repledged has been restated from approximately ¥25,966 billion to approximately ¥26,302 billion. |
| (2) | The fair value of the collateral accepted by the MUFG Group that was sold or repledged has been restated from approximately ¥10,228 billion to approximately ¥10,358 billion. |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The MUFG Group did not elect to adopt the netting provisions allowed under FSP FIN No. 39-1, which allows an entity to offset the fair value amounts recognized for cash collateral paid or cash collateral received against the fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement. At March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009, the cash collateral paid, which was included in other assets, was ¥228,188 million and ¥625,931 million, respectively and the cash collateral received, which was included in other liabilities, was ¥406,428 million and ¥389,238 million, respectively.
The balances of time deposits, including certificates of deposit (“CDs”), issued in amounts of ¥10 million (approximately US$101 thousand at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s noon buying rate on March 31, 2009) or more with respect to domestic deposits and issued in amounts of US$100,000 or more with respect to foreign deposits were ¥26,665,839 million and ¥12,687,960 million, respectively, at March 31, 2008, and ¥27,257,532 million and ¥11,546,556 million, respectively, at March 31, 2009.
The maturity information at March 31, 2009 for domestic and foreign time deposits, including CDs, is summarized as follows:
| Domestic | Foreign | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Due in one year or less |
¥ | 37,309,158 | ¥ | 11,608,323 | ||
| Due after one year through two years |
6,059,004 | 47,729 | ||||
| Due after two years through three years |
3,210,485 | 91,129 | ||||
| Due after three years through four years |
652,509 | 15,601 | ||||
| Due after four years through five years |
742,477 | 43,615 | ||||
| Due after five years |
124,150 | 1,379 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 48,097,783 | ¥ | 11,807,776 | ||
13. CALL LOANS AND FUNDS SOLD, AND CALL MONEY AND FUNDS PURCHASED
A summary of funds transactions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 is as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages and days) | ||||||||||||
| Average balance during the fiscal year: |
||||||||||||
| Call money and funds purchased |
¥ | 2,787,474 | ¥ | 3,426,605 | ¥ | 3,051,725 | ||||||
| Call loans and funds sold |
971,791 | 990,473 | 1,080,630 | |||||||||
| Net funds purchased position |
¥ | 1,815,683 | ¥ | 2,436,132 | ¥ | 1,971,095 | ||||||
| Call money and funds purchased: |
||||||||||||
| Outstanding at end of fiscal year: |
||||||||||||
| Amount |
¥ | 2,544,637 | ¥ | 2,288,720 | ¥ | 2,235,858 | ||||||
| Principal range of maturities |
1 day to 30 days | 1 day to 30 days | 1 day to 30 days | |||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate |
2.33 | % | 1.71 | % | 0.33 | % | ||||||
| Maximum balance at any month-end during the fiscal year |
¥ | 3,078,633 | ¥ | 4,081,646 | ¥ | 4,133,609 | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate paid during the fiscal year |
1.00 | % | 1.32 | % | 0.82 | % | ||||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Average balances are generally based on a daily average while a month-end average is used for certain average balances when it is not practicable to obtain applicable daily averages.
MUTB holds assets on behalf of its customers in an agent, fiduciary or trust capacity. Such trust account assets are not the MUFG Group’s proprietary assets and are managed and accounted for separately.
However, excess cash funds of individual trust accounts are often placed with MUTB which manages the funds together with its own funds in its proprietary account. Due to trust account reflects a temporary placement of the excess funds from individual trust accounts and, in view of the MUFG Group’s funding, due to trust account is similar to short-term funding, including demand deposits and other overnight funds purchased. The balance changes in response to the day-to-day changes in the excess funds placed by the trust accounts. A summary of due to trust account transactions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 is as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year |
¥ | 1,981,427 | ¥ | 1,653,717 | ¥ | 1,479,736 | ||||||
| Maximum balance at any month-end during the fiscal year |
2,229,225 | 2,171,467 | 1,796,846 | |||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year |
0.30 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.46 | % | ||||||
15. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT
At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the MUFG Group had unused lines of credit for short-term financing amounting to ¥9,668,470 million and ¥13,242,174 million, respectively. The amounts principally consist of the lines of collateralized intraday overdrafts without interest charges and collateralized overnight loans on bills at the official discount rate granted by the Bank of Japan, which are used to cover shortages in the Bank of Japan account and to meet liquidity needs. The MUFG Group may borrow from the Bank of Japan on demand up to the total amount of collateral eligible for credit extension.
Other short-term borrowings at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were comprised of the following:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||
| Domestic offices: |
||||||||
| Commercial paper |
¥ | 1,710,156 | ¥ | 1,228,573 | ||||
| Borrowings from the Bank of Japan |
2,037,400 | 3,473,323 | ||||||
| Borrowings from other financial institutions |
202,167 | 357,150 | ||||||
| Other |
15,927 | 122,578 | ||||||
| Total domestic offices |
3,965,650 | 5,181,624 | ||||||
| Foreign offices: |
||||||||
| Commercial paper |
1,380,037 | 1,141,938 | ||||||
| Borrowings from other financial institutions |
591,244 | 1,518,991 | ||||||
| Other |
80,273 | 24,845 | ||||||
| Total foreign offices |
2,051,554 | 2,685,774 | ||||||
| Total |
6,017,204 | 7,867,398 | ||||||
| Less unamortized discount |
311 | 20 | ||||||
| Other short-term borrowings—net |
¥ | 6,016,893 | ¥ | 7,867,378 | ||||
| Weighted average interest rate on outstanding balance at end of fiscal year |
1.82 | % | 0.85 | % | ||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Long-term debt (with original maturities of more than one year) at March 31, 2008 and 2009 was comprised of the following:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| MUFG: |
||||||
| Obligations under capital leases |
¥ | — | ¥ | 51 | ||
| Unsubordinated debt: |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2011, principally 0.59%-1.21% |
549,900 | 330,000 | ||||
| Subordinated debt(1): |
||||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 2.42%-4.78%(3) |
1,500 | 2,500 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, no stated maturity, principally 6.25%(3) |
501 | 491 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, no stated maturity, principally 4.75%-5.17%(3) |
1,582 | 1,298 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, no stated maturity, principally 6.20%(2),(3) |
600 | 421 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 3.58%-3.70%(3) |
16,210 | 16,210 | ||||
| Total |
570,293 | 350,971 | ||||
| BTMU: |
||||||
| Obligations under capital leases |
¥ | 119,166 | ¥ | 41,158 | ||
| Obligation under sale-and-leaseback transactions |
57,925 | 56,053 | ||||
| Unsubordinated debt(1): |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2027, principally 0.60%-2.69% |
1,801,293 | 1,495,272 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2023, principally 0.25%-4.24% |
46,884 | 30,824 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2018, principally 6.37%-7.49% |
7,029 | 2,260 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, due 2009-2013, principally 4.20%-5.65%(2) |
4,675 | 3,781 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014, principally 2.00%(3) |
20,000 | 20,000 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2015, principally 1.02%-1.24%(3) |
8,000 | 5,000 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2008, principally 4.90% |
30,057 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, due 2009, principally 1.72%-7.00%(2) |
1,446 | 1,995 | ||||
| Total |
1,919,384 | 1,559,132 | ||||
| Subordinated debt(1): |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2020, principally 1.13%-2.75%(3) |
667,942 | 1,244,737 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2035, principally 1.17%-3.62%(3) |
407,000 | 201,446 | ||||
| Fixed rate bonds, payable in US dollars, due 2010-2011, principally 7.40%-8.40% |
408,268 | 396,111 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2013, principally 6.76%-8.36%(3) |
275,522 | 280,177 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2018-2022, principally 2.00%-2.49%(3) |
10,000 | 142,000 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2012-2028, principally 0.81%-2.90%(3) |
766,039 | 800,500 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 1.34%-4.78%(3) |
840,449 | 992,900 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2015-2017, principally 1.55%-2.18%(3) |
266,047 | 241,943 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, no stated maturity, principally 2.15%-6.25%(3) |
423,303 | 245,577 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Euro, due 2015, principally 3.50%(3) |
158,190 | 129,840 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, due 2015-2017, principally 2.31%-5.60%(3) |
142,371 | 116,856 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, no stated maturity, principally 4.75%-5.17%(3) |
208,020 | 170,740 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, due 2017, principally 2.75%(2),(3) |
55,030 | 38,624 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, no stated maturity, principally 6.20%(2),(3) |
113,062 | 79,355 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2027, principally 0.95%-1.13%(3) |
18,000 | 18,000 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 3.58%(3) |
150,700 | 150,700 | ||||
| Total |
4,909,943 | 5,249,506 | ||||
| Obligations under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings, due 2009-2044, principally 1.40%-7.02%(3) |
3,123,962 | 3,040,196 | ||||
| Total |
10,130,380 | 9,946,045 | ||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Other subsidiaries: |
||||||
| Obligations under capital leases |
¥ | 31,621 | ¥ | 24,072 | ||
| Unsubordinated debt(1): |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2038, principally 0.00%-18.00% |
654,493 | 507,042 | ||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2038, principally 0.00%-10.00% |
12,718 | 142,906 | ||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Euro, due 2008, principally 1.55% |
120 | — | ||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, due 2009-2038, principally 0.50%-19.50%(2) |
4,242 | 3,061 | ||||
| Floating/Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2038, principally 0.00%-16.00% |
1,183,185 | 1,171,095 | ||||
| Floating/Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2038, principally 0.00%-22.00% |
113,329 | 168,207 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Euro, due 2014, principally 0.00% |
2,081 | 348 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, due 2009-2038, principally 0.00-10.00%(2) |
2,109 | 2,823 | ||||
| Other institutions, due 2035, principally 1.64%-3.58% |
7,137 | 5,725 | ||||
| Total |
1,979,414 | 2,001,207 | ||||
| Subordinated debt(1): |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2018, principally 1.74%-4.00%(3) |
220,753 | 154,732 | ||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in US dollars, due 2012-2030, principally 5.25%-10.88% |
136,564 | 116,494 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014-2020, principally 0.86%-3.35%(3) |
166,500 | 190,800 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 1.16%-3.50% |
75,400 | 147,400 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2014, principally 0.26%-2.90% |
121,500 | 192,890 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2010, principally 3.12%-3.44% |
— | 1,381 | ||||
| Other miscellaneous debt |
207 | 2 | ||||
| Total |
720,924 | 803,699 | ||||
| Obligations under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings, due 2009-2015, principally 0.42%-7.29% |
242,618 | 147,294 | ||||
| Total |
2,974,577 | 2,976,272 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 13,675,250 | ¥ | 13,273,288 | ||
Notes:
| (1) | Adjustable rate debts are debts where interest rates are reset in accordance with the terms of the debt agreements, and floating rate debts are debts where interest rates are repriced in accordance with movements of market indicies. |
| (2) | Minor currencies, such as British pound, Brazilian real, Chinese yuan, Indonesian rupiah, Hong Kong dollars etc, have been summarized into “Other currencies” classification. |
| (3) | Classification of Long-term debt by type, interest, due date and currency at March 31, 2008 has been restated as follows: |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 | ||||||
| As previously reported |
As restated | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| MUFG: |
||||||
| Subordinated debt: |
||||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 2.42%-4.78% |
¥ | — | ¥ | 1,500 | ||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, no stated maturity, principally 6.25% |
— | 501 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, no stated maturity, principally 4.75%-5.17% |
— | 1,582 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, no stated maturity, principally 6.20% |
— | 600 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 3.58%-3.70% |
17,710 | 16,210 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, no stated maturity, principally 6.25% |
501 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Euro, no stated maturity, principally 4.75%-5.17% |
1,582 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, no stated maturity, principally 6.20% |
600 | — | ||||
| BTMU: |
||||||
| Unsubordinated debt: |
||||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014, principally 2.00% |
— | 20,000 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014, principally 1.38% |
20,000 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2015, principally 1.02%-1.24% |
14,336 | 8,000 | ||||
| Subordinated debt: |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2020, principally 1.13%-2.75% |
677,942 | 667,942 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2035, principally 1.17%-3.62% |
463,676 | 407,000 | ||||
| Fixed rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2009-2013, principally 6.76%-8.36% |
354,916 | 275,522 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2018-2022, principally 2.00%-2.49% |
— | 10,000 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2012-2028, principally 0.81%-2.90% |
127,800 | 766,039 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 1.34%-4.78% |
— | 840,449 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2015-2017, principally 1.55%-2.18% |
— | 266,047 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, no stated maturity, principally 2.15%-6.25% |
— | 423,303 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Euro, due 2015, principally 3.50% |
— | 158,190 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, due 2015-2017, principally 2.31%-5.60% |
— | 142,371 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Euro, no stated maturity, principally 4.75%-5.17% |
— | 208,020 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, due 2017, principally 2.75% |
— | 55,030 | ||||
| Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, no stated maturity, |
— | 113,062 | ||||
| Floating rate bonds, payable in Euro, due 2015, principally 3.50% |
158,190 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010-2027, principally 0.95%-1.13% |
1,590,711 | 18,000 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, no stated maturity, principally 3.58% |
— | 150,700 | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in US dollars, due 2008-2017, principally 3.03%-8.98% |
609,957 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable in Euro, due 2015-2017, principally 4.72%-5.27% |
350,391 | — | ||||
| Floating rate borrowings, payable other currencies excluding Japanese yen, US dollars, Euro, due 2017, principally 6.10%-6.20% |
168,092 | — | ||||
| Obligations under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings, due 2009-2044, principally 1.40%-7.02% |
3,117,626 | 3,123,962 | ||||
| Other subsidiaries: |
||||||
| Subordinated debt: |
||||||
| Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009-2018, principally 1.74%-4.00% |
240,753 | 220,753 | ||||
| Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014-2020, principally 0.86%-3.35% |
146,500 | 166,500 | ||||
The MUFG Group uses derivative financial instruments for certain debts to manage its interest rate and currency exposures. The derivative financial instruments include swaps, forwards, options and other types of derivatives. As a result of these derivative instruments, the effective rates reflected in the table above may differ from the coupon rates. The interest rates for the adjustable and floating rate debt shown in the above table are those in effect at March 31, 2008 and 2009.
Certain debt agreements permit the MUFG Group to redeem the related debt, in whole or in part, prior to maturity at the option of the issuer on terms specified in the respective agreements.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following is a summary of maturities of long-term debt subsequent to March 31, 2009:
| MUFG | BTMU | Other subsidiaries |
Total | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
||||||||||||
| 2010 |
¥ | 100,020 | ¥ | 864,411 | ¥ | 504,408 | ¥ | 1,468,839 | ||||
| 2011 |
230,015 | 1,142,506 | 520,641 | 1,893,162 | ||||||||
| 2012 |
9 | 881,654 | 302,956 | 1,184,619 | ||||||||
| 2013 |
3 | 678,037 | 238,349 | 916,389 | ||||||||
| 2014 |
2 | 753,529 | 119,290 | 872,821 | ||||||||
| 2015 and thereafter |
20,922 | 5,625,908 | 1,290,628 | 6,937,458 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 350,971 | ¥ | 9,946,045 | ¥ | 2,976,272 | ¥ | 13,273,288 | ||||
16. SEVERANCE INDEMNITIES AND PENSION PLANS
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The MUFG Group has funded contributory and non-contributory defined benefit pension plans (“pension benefits”), which cover substantially all of their employees and provide for lifetime annuity payments commencing at age 65 based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, rank, years of service and other factors.
BTMU and certain domestic subsidiaries, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and some subsidiaries of MUFG have non-contributory Corporate Defined Benefit Pension plans (“CDBPs”) which provide benefits to all their domestic employees. MUTB has a contributory CDBP similar to these non-contributory CDBPs.
In addition to the CDBPs, BTMU and MUTB have non-contributory closed Tax-Qualified Pension Plans (“closed TQPPs”), which are defined benefit pension plans that provide benefits to certain retired employees, excluding directors in Japan, based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, years of service and other factors. MUTB also has a contributory closed TQPP in addition to the non-contributory closed TQPPs.
The MUFG Group also offers qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans in foreign offices and subsidiaries for their employees. The qualified plans are non-contributory defined pension plans, which provide benefits upon retirement based on years of service and average compensation and cover substantially all of the employees of such foreign offices and subsidiaries. With respect to the offices and subsidiaries in the United States of America, the qualified plans are funded on a current basis in compliance with the requirement of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of the United States of America. The nonqualified plans are non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, under which certain employees earn pay and interest credits on compensation amounts above the maximum stipulated by applicable laws under the qualified plans.
Severance Indemnities Plans
The MUFG Group has severance indemnities plans (“SIP”s) under which their employees in Japan, other than those who are directors, are entitled, under most circumstances, upon mandatory retirement at normal retirement age or earlier termination of employment, to lump-sum severance indemnities based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, rank, years of service and other factors. Under SIPs, benefit payments in the form of a lump-sum cash payment with no option to receive annuity payments, upon mandatory retirement at normal retirement age or earlier termination of employment, are provided. When a benefit is paid in a single payment to a benefit payee under the plans, the payment represents final relief of the obligation.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Other Postretirement Plans
The MUFG Group’s foreign offices and subsidiaries, primarily in the United States of America, provide their employees with certain postretirement medical and life insurance benefits (“other benefits”). Plan assets are generally invested in government securities, corporate bonds and mutual funds.
Net periodic cost of pension benefits and other benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 include the following components:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign offices and subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost—benefits earned during the fiscal year |
¥ 41,123 | ¥ 38,247 | ¥ 39,443 | ¥ 7,956 | ¥ 969 | ¥ 7,894 | ¥ 1,103 | ¥ | 7,448 | ¥ | 945 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest costs on projected benefit obligation |
36,203 | 36,861 | 32,926 | 10,706 | 1,234 | 11,976 | 1,502 | 11,301 | 1,369 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets |
(71,015 | ) | (72,884 | ) | (68,710 | ) | (16,195 | ) | (1,353 | ) | (18,396 | ) | (1,639 | ) | (16,820 | ) | (1,373 | ) | |||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) |
(1,172 | ) | (5,591 | ) | 1,653 | 3,797 | 530 | 2,978 | 500 | 2,133 | 320 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost |
(4,197 | ) | (7,543 | ) | (7,373 | ) | 221 | (89 | ) | 125 | (87 | ) | 77 | (78 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net obligation at transition |
2,184 | 493 | (5 | ) | 5 | 237 | — | 240 | — | 192 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on settlements and curtailment |
(3,569 | ) | (6,282 | ) | 4,463 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost |
¥ (443 | ) | ¥ (16,699 | ) | ¥ 2,397 | ¥ 6,490 | ¥ 1,528 | ¥ 4,577 | ¥ 1,619 | ¥ 4,139 | ¥ 1,375 | ||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the assumptions used in computing the present value of the projected benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit cost:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign offices and subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average assumptions used: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rates in determining expense |
2.12 | % | 2.27 | % | 1.93 | % | 5.42 | % | 5.15 | % | 5.87 | % | 6.02 | % | 5.74 | % | 6.01 | % | |||||||||
| Discount rates in determining benefit obligation |
2.27 | 2.07 | 1.66 | 5.87 | 6.02 | 5.74 | 6.01 | 5.70 | 5.77 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rates of increase in future compensation level for determining expense |
2.95 | 2.98 | 3.10 | 4.63 | — | 4.64 | — | 4.51 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rates of increase in future compensation level for determining benefit obligation |
2.98 | 3.10 | 3.07 | 4.64 | — | 4.51 | — | 4.64 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expected rates of return on plan assets |
3.36 | 3.09 | 3.13 | 8.13 | 8.25 | 8.04 | 8.25 | 7.84 | 8.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following tables present the assumed health care cost trend rates for foreign offices and subsidiaries, which are used to measure the expected cost of benefits for the next year, and the effect of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate:
| UNBC | Other than UNBC | |||||||||||||||
| 2008(1) | 2009(1) | 2008(1) | 2009(1) | |||||||||||||
| Initial trend rate |
9.36 | % | 9.36 | % | 9.00 | % | 8.00 | % | ||||||||
| Ultimate trend rate |
5.00 | % | 5.00 | % | 5.00 | % | 5.00 | % | ||||||||
| Year the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate |
2013 | 2014 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||||
| UNBC | Other than UNBC | |||||||||||||||
| One-percentage- point increase |
One-percentage- point decrease |
One-percentage- point increase |
One-percentage- point decrease |
|||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
| Effect on total of service and interest cost components |
¥ | 254 | ¥ | (210 | ) | ¥ | 53 | ¥ | (42 | ) | ||||||
| Effect on postretirement benefit obligation |
2,147 | (1,825 | ) | 510 | (407 | ) | ||||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Fiscal periods of UNBC and foreign subsidiaries end on December 31. Therefore, above tables present the rates and amounts at December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following table sets forth the combined funded status and amounts recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign offices and subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-contributory pension benefits and SIP |
Contributory pension benefits |
Non-contributory pension benefits and SIP |
Contributory pension benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at beginning of fiscal year |
¥ | 1,324,314 | ¥ | 358,221 | ¥ | 1,332,116 | ¥ | 382,611 | ¥ | 214,794 | ¥ | 24,609 | ¥ | 215,559 | ¥ | 26,028 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments due to adoption of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions(1) |
— | — | 36,715 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost |
33,297 | 4,950 | 34,044 | 5,399 | 7,894 | 1,103 | 7,448 | 945 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost |
28,980 | 7,881 | 25,778 | 7,148 | 11,976 | 1,502 | 11,301 | 1,369 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions |
— | 1,096 | — | 1,088 | — | 346 | 10 | 439 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions |
270 | — | 598 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendments |
(50 | ) | — | (13 | ) | — | — | — | 267 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial loss |
25,624 | 22,359 | 50,900 | 5,645 | 154 | 1,604 | 8,915 | 1,745 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid |
(60,231 | ) | (11,896 | ) | (54,832 | ) | (12,831 | ) | (6,943 | ) | (1,778 | ) | (6,811 | ) | (1,717 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Lump-sum payment |
(21,435 | ) | — | (16,993 | ) | — | (414 | ) | (23 | ) | (156 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Curtailment loss |
1,347 | — | 382 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value adjustment amount related to UNBC’s privatization |
— | — | — | — | — | — | (7,817 | ) | (738 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments |
— | — | — | — | (11,902 | ) | (1,335 | ) | (49,193 | ) | (5,063 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at end of fiscal year |
1,332,116 | 382,611 | 1,408,695 | 389,060 | 215,559 | 26,028 | 179,523 | 22,990 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of fiscal year |
1,724,464 | 631,807 | 1,854,921 | 541,751 | 244,024 | 19,631 | 249,337 | 19,817 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments due to adoption of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions(1) |
— | — | (175,680 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return (loss) on plan assets |
143,708 | (86,673 | ) | (420,174 | ) | (128,307 | ) | 14,526 | 1,239 | (37,479 | ) | (3,366 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions |
46,131 | 7,417 | 45,131 | 5,639 | 10,133 | 1,229 | 3,051 | 1,017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions |
849 | — | 381 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants’ contributions |
— | 1,096 | — | 1,088 | — | 346 | 10 | 439 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid |
(60,231 | ) | (11,896 | ) | (54,832 | ) | (12,831 | ) | (6,943 | ) | (1,778 | ) | (6,811 | ) | (1,717 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value adjustment amount related to UNBC’s privatization |
— | — | — | — | — | — | (13,843 | ) | (1,395 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments |
— | — | — | — | (12,403 | ) | (850 | ) | (48,736 | ) | (3,412 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at end of fiscal year |
1,854,921 | 541,751 | 1,249,747 | 407,340 | 249,337 | 19,817 | 145,529 | 11,383 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of funded status: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funded status |
522,805 | 159,140 | (158,948 | ) | 18,280 | 33,778 | (6,211 | ) | (33,994 | ) | (11,607 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions to or benefits paid from plan assets during the three months ended March 31, 2008 |
9,332 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount recognized |
¥ | 532,137 | ¥ | 159,140 | ¥ | (158,948 | ) | ¥ | 18,280 | ¥ | 33,778 | ¥ | (6,211 | ) | ¥ | (33,994 | ) | ¥ | (11,607 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid benefit cost |
¥ | 583,251 | ¥ | 159,140 | ¥ | 7,335 | ¥ | 18,280 | ¥ | 51,579 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 2,912 | ¥ | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Accrued benefit cost |
(51,114 | ) | — | (166,283 | ) | — | (17,801 | ) | (6,211 | ) | (36,906 | ) | (11,607 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount recognized |
¥ | 532,137 | ¥ | 159,140 | ¥ | (158,948 | ) | ¥ | 18,280 | ¥ | 33,778 | ¥ | (6,211 | ) | ¥ | (33,994 | ) | ¥ | (11,607 | ) | ||||||||||||
Note:
| (1) | For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, benefit obligations and plan assets are measured at March 31 in accordance with the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158. However, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and prior fiscal years, benefit obligations and plan assets of BTMU and certain domestic subsidiaries were measured at December 31. The change in benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets during the period from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008 are reflected in “Adjustments due to adoption of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions.” |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The aggregated accumulated benefit obligations of these plans at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows;
| Domestic subsidiaries |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Aggregated accumulated benefit obligations |
¥ | 1,687,671 | ¥ | 1,781,607 | ¥ | 195,573 | ¥ | 170,293 | ||||
| The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows: | ||||||||||||
| Domestic subsidiaries |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries | |||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligations |
¥ | 133,715 | ¥ | 1,374,296 | ¥ | 36,067 | ¥ | 157,314 | ||||
| Accumulated benefit obligations |
127,258 | 1,359,075 | 35,698 | 141,260 | ||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets |
82,483 | 1,214,578 | 18,291 | 120,403 | ||||||||
In accordance with BTMU’s, MUTB’s, MUS’s, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS’s and other subsidiaries’ employment practices, certain early-terminated employees are entitled to special lump-sum termination benefits. The amounts charged to operations for such early termination benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were ¥13,137 million, ¥49,054 million and ¥11,247 million, respectively. The ¥49,054 million charged to operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 mainly consists of ¥36,613 million related to Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS of which ¥9,361 million is included in accrued benefit costs.
The MUFG Group adopted the recognition provision of SFAS No. 158 at March 31, 2007. The MUFG Group recognized the overfunded status or underfunded status of all plans as prepaid benefit cost or accrued benefit cost on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2007 with an adjustment to accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes. SFAS No. 158 did not change the determination of net periodic benefit costs.
The following table presents the incremental effect of applying the recognition provision of SFAS No. 158 on individual line items on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2007:
| Before application of SFAS No. 158 |
Effect of adjustment Increase/(Decrease) |
After application of SFAS No. 158 | ||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
| Intangible assets |
¥ | 1,266,188 | ¥ | (1,108 | ) | ¥ | 1,265,080 | |||
| Deferred tax assets |
¥ | 636,246 | ¥ | (80,088 | ) | ¥ | 556,158 | |||
| Other assets |
¥ | 4,851,683 | ¥ | 283,742 | ¥ | 5,135,425 | ||||
| Total assets |
¥ | 186,000,365 | ¥ | 202,546 | ¥ | 186,202,911 | ||||
| Other liabilities |
¥ | 4,995,761 | ¥ | 23,762 | ¥ | 5,019,523 | ||||
| Total liabilities |
¥ | 175,745,837 | ¥ | 23,762 | ¥ | 175,769,599 | ||||
| Accumulated other changes in equity from nonower sources, net of taxes |
¥ | 2,213,352 | ¥ | 178,784 | ¥ | 2,392,136 | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
¥ | 10,254,528 | ¥ | 178,784 | ¥ | 10,433,312 | ||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, the MUFG Group adopted the measurement date provision of SFAS No. 158 which changed the measurement date for the plan assets and benefit obligations of BTMU and certain domestic subsidiaries to coincide with the MUFG Group’s fiscal year-end date. The MUFG Group recorded a decrease in beginning balance of retained earnings by ¥132 million, net of taxes, and a decrease in the beginning balance of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources by ¥131,574 million, net of taxes, as a result of adopting this provision.
The following table presents the amounts recognized in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources of the MUFG Group at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign offices and subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss (gain) |
¥ | (159,187 | ) | ¥ | 729,352 | ¥ | 30,767 | ¥ | 6,976 | ¥ | 71,275 | ¥ | 9,572 | |||||||||||
| Prior service cost |
(80,798 | ) | (72,388 | ) | 107 | (528 | ) | 260 | (385 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net obligation at transition |
52 | (1 | ) | — | 1,162 | — | 478 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross pension liability adjustments |
(239,933 | ) | 656,963 | 30,874 | 7,610 | 71,535 | 9,665 | |||||||||||||||||
| Taxes |
98,103 | (261,442 | ) | (11,914 | ) | (2,916 | ) | (28,200 | ) | (3,756 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net pension liability adjustments |
¥ | (141,830 | ) | ¥ | 395,521 | ¥ | 18,960 | ¥ | 4,694 | ¥ | 43,335 | ¥ | 5,909 | |||||||||||
The following table presents the changes in equity from nonowner sources in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign offices and subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment due to adoption of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions |
¥ | — | ¥ | 221,504 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ||||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss arising during the year |
64,852 | 673,815 | 4,433 | 1,969 | 62,766 | 6,481 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prior service cost arising during the year |
(137 | ) | 320 | 80 | (1 | ) | 271 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) |
5,591 | (1,653 | ) | (2,978 | ) | (500 | ) | (2,133 | ) | (320 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost |
7,543 | 7,373 | (125 | ) | 87 | (77 | ) | 78 | ||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of net obligation at transition |
(493 | ) | 5 | — | (240 | ) | — | (192 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Curtailment and settlement |
7,639 | (4,468 | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value adjustment amount related to UNBC’s privatization |
— | — | — | — | (7,976 | ) | (1,994 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |
— | — | (1,821 | ) | (332 | ) | (12,190 | ) | (1,999 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total changes in Other comprehensive income |
¥ | 84,995 | ¥ | 896,896 | ¥ | (411 | ) | ¥ | 983 | ¥ | 40,661 | ¥ | 2,055 | |||||||||||
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following table presents the expected amounts that will be amortized from accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as components of net periodic benefit cost, before taxes, for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2010:
| Domestic subsidiaries |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries |
||||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
|||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss |
¥ | 53,264 | ¥ | 945 | ¥ | 813 | |||||
| Prior service cost |
(9,805 | ) | 38 | (69 | ) | ||||||
| Net obligation at transition |
(1 | ) | — | 119 | |||||||
| Total |
¥ | 43,458 | ¥ | 983 | ¥ | 863 | |||||
Asset allocation
The weighted-average asset allocations of plan assets for the pension benefits and other benefits at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| Domestic subsidiaries | Foreign office and subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||
| 2008(1) | 2009 | 2008(1) | 2009 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset category |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
||||||||||||
| Pension fund |
||||||||||||||||||
| Japanese equity securities(2) |
11.89 | % | 10.83 | % | 0.47 | % | — | % | 0.60 | % | — | % | ||||||
| Japanese debt securities(3) |
22.78 | 29.14 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Non-Japanese equity securities |
10.12 | 8.44 | 63.36 | 54.00 | 56.68 | 54.00 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Japanese debt securities |
7.16 | 9.05 | 27.56 | 24.00 | 30.75 | 23.00 | ||||||||||||
| General account of life insurance companies(4) |
4.47 | 7.58 | — | 22.00 | 2.25 | 23.00 | ||||||||||||
| Real estate |
0.29 | 0.34 | 4.28 | — | 7.08 | — | ||||||||||||
| Short-term assets |
1.60 | 1.48 | 4.33 | — | 2.64 | — | ||||||||||||
| Employee retirement benefit trust, primarily Japanese equity securities |
41.69 | 33.14 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Total |
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | ||||||
Notes:
| (1) | Upon the adoption of the SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions on April 1, 2008, the fair value of plan assets are measured at end of fiscal year, whereas they were measured at December 31 until the adoption date. Therefore, plan assets as of March 31, 2008 above were measured at December 31, 2007. |
| (2) | Japanese equity securities include common stocks issued by the MUFG Group and their affiliated companies in the amounts of ¥8,161 million (0.34% of plan assets) and ¥6,203 million (0.37% of plan assets) to the pension benefits and SIPs at December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2009, respectively. |
| (3) | Japanese debt securities include debt securities issued by the MUFG Group and their affiliated companies in the amounts of ¥4,004 million (0.17% of plan assets) and ¥1,904 million (0.11% of plan assets) to the pension benefits and SIPs at December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2009, respectively. |
| (4) | “General account of life insurance companies” is a contract with life insurance companies that guarantees a return of approximately 1.24% (from April 2007 to March 2008) and 1.17% (from April 2008 to March 2009), which is mainly invested in assets with low market risk such as Japanese debt securities. In terms of pension plan asset allocation, MUFG regards the general account in the same category as Japanese debt securities, because it is generally believed that there is a high degree of correlation between their performances. MUFG carefully monitors life insurance companies by credit rating and other assessments. |
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Investment policies
MUFG’s investment policy for plan assets is based on an asset liability matching strategy which is intended to maintain adequate liquidity for benefit payments and to achieve a stable increase in the plan assets in the medium and long term through proper risk control and return maximization. As a general rule, investment policies for plan assets are reviewed periodically for some plans and in the following situations for all plans: (1) large fluctuations in pension plan liabilities caused by modifications to pension plans, or (2) changes in the market environment. The plan assets allocation strategies are the principal determinant in achieving expected investment returns on the plan assets. Actual asset allocations may fluctuate within acceptable ranges due to market value variability. Plan assets are managed by a combination of internal and external asset management companies and are rebalanced when market fluctuations cause an asset category to fall outside of its strategic asset allocation range. Performance of each plan asset category is compared against established indices and similar plan asset groups to evaluate whether the risk associated with the portfolio is appropriate for the level of return.
The weighted-average target asset allocation of plan assets for the pension benefits and other benefits at March 31, 2009 was as follows:
| Domestic subsidiaries |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries |
||||||||
| Asset category |
Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits |
||||||
| Japanese equity securities |
27.1 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Japanese debt securities |
44.9 | — | — | ||||||
| Non-Japanese equity securities |
15.7 | 59.0 | 70.0 | ||||||
| Non-Japanese debt securities |
8.2 | 32.5 | 30.0 | ||||||
| Real estate |
— | 8.5 | — | ||||||
| Short-term assets |
4.1 | — | — | ||||||
| Total |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||
Basis and procedure for estimating long-term return of each asset category
MUFG’s expected long-term rate of return on plan assets for domestic defined benefit pension plans and SIPs is based on a building-block methodology, which calculates the total long-term rate of return of the plan assets by aggregating the weighted rate of return derived from both long-term historical performance and forward-looking return expectations from each asset category.
MUFG has determined the expected long-term rate of return for each asset category as below:
| Ÿ | Japanese equity securities: the rate for Japanese debt securities plus a premium for the risk associated with Japanese equity securities |
| Ÿ | Japanese debt securities: economic growth rate of Japan |
| Ÿ | Non-Japanese equity securities: the rate for non-Japanese debt securities plus a premium for the risk associated with non-Japanese equity securities |
| Ÿ | Non-Japanese debt securities: global economic growth rate |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries periodically reconsider the expected long-term rate of return for their plan assets. They evaluate the investment return volatility of different asset categories and compare the liability
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structure of their pension and other benefits to those of other companies, while considering their funding policy to maintain a funded status sufficient to meet participants’ benefit obligations, and reduce long-term funding requirements and pension costs. Based on this information, foreign offices and subsidiaries update the expected long-term rate of return.
Cash flows
The MUFG Group expects to contribute to the plan assets for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2010 based upon its current funded status and expected asset return assumptions as follows:
| For the pension benefits of domestic subsidiaries |
¥ | 37.0 billion | |
| For the pension benefits of foreign offices and subsidiaries |
11.0 billion | ||
| For the other benefits of foreign offices and subsidiaries |
1.2 billion |
Estimated future benefit payments
The following table presents benefit payments expected to be paid, which include the effect of expected future service for the fiscal years indicated:
| Domestic subsidiaries |
Foreign offices and subsidiaries | ||||||||
| Pension benefits and SIP |
Pension benefits |
Other benefits | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
|||||||||
| 2010 |
¥ | 82,076 | ¥ | 6,252 | ¥ | 1,371 | |||
| 2011 |
82,987 | 6,109 | 1,469 | ||||||
| 2012 |
83,698 | 6,723 | 1,565 | ||||||
| 2013 |
84,602 | 7,091 | 1,635 | ||||||
| 2014 |
85,545 | 7,889 | 1,713 | ||||||
| Thereafter (2015-2019) |
442,396 | 52,327 | 9,594 | ||||||
Defined Contribution Plans
The MUFG Group maintains several qualified defined contribution plans in its domestic and foreign offices and subsidiaries, all of which are administered in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations. Each office and subsidiary matches eligible employee contributions up to a certain percentage of benefits-eligible compensation per pay period, subject to plan and legal limits. Terms of the plan, including matching percentage and vesting periods, are individually determined by each office and subsidiary.
The cost of these defined contribution plans charged to operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were ¥4,928 million, ¥4,951 million and ¥5,242 million, respectively.
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17. OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Major components of other assets and liabilities at March 31, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Other assets: |
||||||
| Accounts receivable: |
||||||
| Receivables from brokers, dealers and customers for securities transactions |
¥ | 581,359 | ¥ | 727,644 | ||
| Other |
870,368 | 885,921 | ||||
| Investments in equity method investees |
503,536 | 555,745 | ||||
| Non-interest-earning deposits with the Special Fund and the New Fund (See Note 6) |
365,146 | 372,114 | ||||
| Prepaid benefit cost |
793,970 | 28,527 | ||||
| Cash collateral paid (See Note 11) |
228,188 | 625,931 | ||||
| Other(1) |
2,106,744 | 1,767,599 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 5,449,311 | ¥ | 4,963,481 | ||
| Other liabilities: |
||||||
| Accounts payable: |
||||||
| Payables to brokers, dealers and customers for securities transactions |
¥ | 618,496 | ¥ | 1,456,738 | ||
| Other |
758,409 | 691,256 | ||||
| Deferred tax liabilities |
113,969 | 37,797 | ||||
| Allowance for off-balance-sheet credit instruments |
97,338 | 84,609 | ||||
| Accrued benefit cost |
84,517 | 214,796 | ||||
| Minority interests |
663,816 | 232,225 | ||||
| Guarantees and indemnifications |
72,831 | 63,386 | ||||
| Cash collateral received (See Note 11) |
406,428 | 389,238 | ||||
| Accrued and other liabilities(1) |
1,872,028 | 1,886,783 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 4,687,832 | ¥ | 5,056,828 | ||
Note:
| (1) | The balances of Other and Accrued and other liabilities at March 31, 2008 have been adjusted from ¥2,105,325 million and ¥1,871,898 million to ¥2,106,744 million and ¥1,872,028 million, respectively. See Note 1 “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail. |
Investments in equity method investees include marketable equity securities carried at ¥166,400 million and ¥242,263 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Corresponding aggregated market values were ¥173,285 million and ¥251,481 million, respectively.
The MUFG Group periodically evaluates whether a loss in value of investments in equity method investees is other than temporary. As a result of evaluations, the MUFG Group recognized other than temporary declines in the value of an investment and recorded impairment losses related to certain affiliated companies of ¥11,387 million, ¥57,113 million and, ¥60,871 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The impairment losses are included in Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees in the consolidated statements of operations.
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Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, MUFG was authorized to issue 120,000,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock, 400,000,000 shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock, 200,000,000 shares of Class 6 Preferred Stock, 200,000,000 shares of Class 7 Preferred Stock and 1,000 share of Class 11 Preferred Stock without par value.
All classes of preferred stock are non-voting and have preference over common stock for the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of a liquidation or dissolution of MUFG. They are all non-cumulative and non-participating with respect to dividend payments. Shareholders of Class 3, Class 5 and Class 11 Preferred Stock receive a liquidation distribution at ¥2,500, ¥2,500 and ¥1,000 per share, respectively, and do not have the right to participate in any further liquidation distributions.
The number of preferred stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was as follows:
| Outstanding at March 31, 2007 |
Net change | Outstanding at March 31, 2008 |
Net change | Outstanding at March 31, 2009 | |||||||
| (number of shares) |
|||||||||||
| Preferred stock: |
|||||||||||
| Class 3 |
100,000,000 | — | 100,000,000 | — | 100,000,000 | ||||||
| Class 5 |
— | — | — | 156,000,000 | 156,000,000 | ||||||
| Class 8 |
17,700,000 | — | 17,700,000 | (17,700,000 | ) | — | |||||
| Class 11 |
1,000 | — | 1,000 | — | 1,000 | ||||||
| Class 12 |
33,700,000 | — | 33,700,000 | (33,700,000 | ) | — | |||||
| Total |
151,401,000 | — | 151,401,000 | 104,600,000 | 256,001,000 | ||||||
None of Class 6 and 7 Preferred Stock has been issued.
The aggregate liquidation preference of preferred stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was as follows:
| Aggregate amount at March 31, 2007 |
Net change | Aggregate amount at March 31, 2008 |
Net change | Aggregate amount at March 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock: |
||||||||||||||||
| Class 3 |
¥ | 250,000 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 250,000 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 250,000 | ||||||
| Class 5 |
— | — | — | 390,000 | 390,000 | |||||||||||
| Class 8 |
53,100 | — | 53,100 | (53,100 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Class 11 |
1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | |||||||||||
| Class 12 |
33,700 | — | 33,700 | (33,700 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 336,801 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 336,801 | ¥ | 303,200 | ¥ | 640,001 | ||||||
Preferred stock included in Capital stock on the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2007, 2008 was ¥247,100 million, which consisted of ¥122,100 million of Class 1, and ¥125,000 million of Class 3 Preferred Stock. Preferred stock included in Capital stock on the consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2009 was ¥442,100 million, which consisted of ¥122,100 million of Class 1, ¥125,000 million of Class 3 and ¥195,000 million of Class 5 Preferred Stock.
The portion of proceeds from the sale of shares that is designated as capital stock is determined by resolution of the Board of Directors of MUFG, however, at least 50% of the issue price of newly issued shares is
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required to be designated as capital stock at the time of incorporation or share issuance under the Company Law. Proceeds in excess of amounts designated as capital stock are designated as capital surplus. However, these provisions are not applied in company reorganization, such as merger, company split and share exchange. Preferred Stock Classes 8 through 12 were issued in exchange for UFJ Holdings’ preferred stock and recorded in Capital surplus.
On April 2, 2001, MUFG issued 81,400 shares of Class 1 Preferred Stock at an aggregate issue price of ¥244,200 million. ¥122,100 million was included in Preferred stock and the remaining amount was included in Capital surplus, net of stock issue expenses. MUFG redeemed 40,700 shares during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 and the remaining 40,700 shares during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. At each redemption, Capital surplus decreased by ¥122,100 million, totaling ¥244,200 million, as provided in the Commercial Code of Japan (“Code”) and the Articles of Incorporation of MUFG.
On February 17, 2005, MUFG issued 100,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock at ¥2.5 million per share, the aggregate amount of the issue price being ¥250.0 billion.
On October 3, 2005, MUFG issued 200,000 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock, 150,000 shares of Class 9 Preferred Stock, 150,000 shares of Class 10 Preferred Stock, 1 share of Class 11 Preferred Stock and 200,000 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock in exchange for Class II, IV, V, VI and VII Preferred Stock of UFJ Holdings at an exchange ratio of 1 share of MUFG’s Class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Preferred Stock for each share of UFJ Holdings’ Class II, IV, V, VI and VII Preferred Stock, respectively.
On October 4, 2005, 69,300 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock and 57,850 shares of Class 9 Preferred Stock were converted into 122,763.51 and 127,096.45 shares of common stock, respectively, for the repayment of public funds.
On December 6, 2005, 51,900 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock and 24,700 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were converted into 91,939.77 and 31,030.15 shares of common stock, respectively, for the repayment of public funds.
On February 28, 2006, 51,800 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock and 12,450 shares of Class 9 Preferred Stock were converted into 91,762.63 and 22,733.70 shares of common stock, respectively, for the repayment of public funds.
On April 27, 2006, 45,400 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were converted into 57,035.18 shares of common stock.
On May 23, 2006, 9,300 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock and 89,357 shares of Class 10 Preferred Stock originally issued by UFJ Holdings and held by the RCC were exchanged for 179,639 shares of common stock. The aggregate face amounts of the preferred stock exchanged were ¥27,900 million and ¥178,714 million, respectively. Subsequent to the exchanges, MUFG purchased 179,639 shares of common stock and an additional 7,923 shares of common stock as treasury stock for an aggregate amount of ¥286,970 million.
On June 8, 2006, 79,700 shares of Class 9 Preferred Stock, 60,643 shares of Class 10 Preferred Stock and 16,700 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 277,245 shares of common stock. The aggregate face amounts of the preferred stock exchanged were ¥159,400 million, ¥121,286 million and ¥16,700 million, respectively. Subsequent to the exchanges, these shares of common stock were sold in the open market. As a result, MUFG completed the repayment of all public funds received by the MUFG Group in accordance with the Law Concerning Emergency Measures for the Early Strengthening of Financial Functions.
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On June 29, 2006, 9,300 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock, 79,700 shares of Class 9 Preferred Stock, 150,000 shares of Class 10 Preferred Stock and 16,700 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock, which had been recorded as treasury stock, were retired.
On February 14, 2007, 22,800 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 28,643 shares of common stock.
On February 19, 2007, 45,400 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 57,035 shares of common stock.
On March 13, 2007, 11,300 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 14,195 shares of common stock.
On March 29, 2007, 79,500 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock, which had been recorded as treasury stock, were retired.
On September 30, 2007, a share of all classes of Preferred Stock was divided into 1,000 shares.
On August 1, 2008, 17,700,000 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 43,895,180 shares of common stock.
On September 25, 2008, 17,700,000 shares of Class 8 Preferred Stock, which had been recorded as treasury stock, were retired.
On September 30, 2008, 22,400,000 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 28,140,710 shares of common stock.
On October 31, 2008, 22,400,000 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock, which had been recorded as treasury stock, were retired.
On November 17, 2008, MUFG issued 156,000,000 shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock at ¥ 2,500 per share, the aggregate amount of the issue price being ¥390.0 billion.
Through the period from February 3, 2009 to February 16, 2009, 11,300,000 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 14,681,040 shares of common stock.
On February 27, 2009, 11,300,000 shares of Class 12 Preferred Stock, which had been recorded as treasury stock, were retired.
Preferred Stock Issued as of March 31, 2009
Class 3 Preferred Stock
Class 3 Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of MUFG. At the time of issuance, the Board of Directors determines an issue price, an annual dividend, and redemption terms, including a redemption price.
Class 3 Preferred Stock was issued by means of a third party allocation to Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. and Nippon Life Insurance Company. The preferred stock does not have voting rights at any general meetings of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by applicable laws and regulations. Preferred dividends are set to be ¥60 per share annually.
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Class 5 Preferred Stock
Class 5 Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of MUFG. At the time of issuance, the Board of Directors determines an issue price, an annual dividend (not to exceed ¥250 per share), and redemption terms, including a redemption price.
Class 5 Preferred Stock was issued by means of a third party allocation to Nippon Life Insurance Company, Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company, TAIYO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, DAIDO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd., NIPPONKOA Insurance Company, Limited and Aioi Insurance Company, Limited. The preferred stock does not have voting rights at any general meetings of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by applicable laws and regulations. Preferred dividends are set to be ¥115 per share annually, except as of March 31, 2009. Preferred dividends were ¥43 per share as of March 31, 2009.
Class 11 Preferred Stock
Class 11 preferred stockholders are entitled to receive annual non-cumulative dividends of ¥5.30 per share with priority over common stockholders.
Class 11 Preferred Stock is convertible into fully paid shares of MUFG common stock at the election of holders from establishment of MUFG to July 31, 2014, except during certain excluded periods, at an initial conversion price of ¥918.70 per share of common stock, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The conversion price was subject to reset annually on July 15 from 2006 to 2013 to the average market price of the common stock for the 30 trading day period, if the average market price was less than the conversion price prior to the reset but not less than ¥918.70 per share. The acquisition price and the acquisition floor price of Class 11 Preferred Stock were adjusted as ¥889.60 per share on December 15, 2008, and ¥888.40 per share on January 14, 2009, in accordance with the provisions relating to the adjustment of the acquisition price set forth in the terms and conditions of Class 11 Preferred Stock.
All Class 11 Preferred Stock outstanding on August 1, 2014 will be mandatorily converted into shares of common stock at a conversion ratio of ¥1,000 divided by the higher of the average market price of the common stock for the 30 trading day period beginning 45 trading days prior to August 1, 2014 or ¥802.60.
Beneficial Conversion Feature
Convertible preferred stock contains a beneficial conversion feature if the effective conversion price (either initially or after being reset) for a share of common stock upon conversion is less than the market price of a share of common stock when the preferred stock was issued. MUFG accounts for the beneficial conversion features of its preferred stock under the recognition and measurement principles of EITF Issue No. 98-5, “Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversions Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios” and EITF Issue No. 00-27, “Application of EITF Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments.”
Beneficial conversion feature discounts are measured as the excess of the market price of a share of common stock when the preferred stock is issued over the initial or reset preferred stock conversion price per share of common stock. Beneficial conversion feature discounts are charged to Capital surplus when recognized and amortized to retained earnings as non-cash preferred dividends using the effective yield method. Initial beneficial conversion feature discounts are amortized over the period from the issuance date of the preferred stock to the mandatory conversion date. Contingent beneficial conversion feature discounts are recognized when the reset conversion price is determinable and amortized over the period from the conversion price reset date to the mandatory conversion date. Any remaining unamortized beneficial conversion feature discount when preferred stock is converted at the option of the holder before the mandatory conversion date is immediately charged to retained earnings as a non-cash preferred dividend.
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The changes in the unamortized discount arising from beneficial conversion features of the preferred stock during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| Class 8 | Class 11 | Class 12 | Total | |||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2007 |
¥ | 4,490 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | 12,237 | ¥ | 16,728 | ||||||||
| Amortization to retained earnings |
(3,330 | ) | — | (4,579 | ) | (7,909 | ) | |||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2008 |
¥ | 1,160 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | 7,658 | ¥ | 8,819 | ||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2008 |
¥ | 1,160 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | 7,658 | ¥ | 8,819 | ||||||||
| Addition on conversion price/ratio reset |
— | — | 659 | 659 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization to retained earnings |
(1,160 | ) | (1 | ) | (3,618 | ) | (4,779 | ) | ||||||||
| Charged to retained earnings on conversion of preferred stock |
— | — | (4,699 | ) | (4,699 | ) | ||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2009 |
¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ||||||||
19. COMMON STOCK AND CAPITAL SURPLUS
The changes in the number of issued shares of common stock during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||
| (shares) | ||||||
| Balance at beginning of fiscal year |
10,247,851,610 | 10,861,643,790 | 10,861,643,790 | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 8 Preferred Stock |
16,474,000 | — | 43,895,180 | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 9 Preferred Stock |
145,532,000 | — | — | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 10 Preferred Stock |
273,899,000 | — | — | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 12 Preferred Stock |
177,887,180 | — | 42,821,750 | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by way of Offering (Public Offering) |
— | — | 634,800,000 | |||
| Issuance of new shares of common stock by way of Third-Party Allotment |
— | — | 65,200,000 | |||
| Balance at end of fiscal year |
10,861,643,790 | 10,861,643,790 | 11,648,360,720 | |||
Under the Company Law, issuances of common stock, including conversions of bonds and notes, are required to be credited to the common stock account for at least 50% of the proceeds and to the legal capital surplus account (“legal capital surplus”) for the remaining amounts.
The Company Law permits Japanese companies, upon approval by the Board of Directors, to issue shares in the form of a “stock split,” as defined in the Company Law (see Note 1). Also, prior to April 1, 1991, Japanese companies were permitted to issue free share distributions. BTMU and MUTB from time to time made free share distributions. These free distributions usually ranged from 5% to 10% of outstanding common stock and publicly-owned corporations in the United States issuing shares in similar transactions would be required to account for them as stock dividends as of the shareholders’ record date by reducing retained earnings and
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increasing the appropriate capital accounts by an amount equal to the fair value of the shares issued. The application of such United States accounting practice to the cumulative free distributions made by BTMU and MUTB at March 31, 2009, would have increased capital accounts by ¥1,910,106 million with a corresponding decrease in unappropriated retained earnings (accumulated deficit).
The Company Law permits that common stock, legal reserve, additional paid-in capital, and other capital surplus and retained earnings can be transferred among these accounts under certain conditions upon the approval of a shareholders’ meeting. The Company Law limits the increase of paid in capital in case disposition of treasury stock and issuance of common stock are performed at the same time.
Common Stock Issued during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009
On December 15, 2008, MUFG issued 634,800,000 shares of common stock by way of offering and sold 300,000,000 shares of common stock through a secondary offering of shares by way of sale of Treasury stock. Both types of stock were offered at ¥399.80 per share (issue price and selling price at ¥417.00 per share) for ¥253,793 million and ¥119,940 million, respectively. As a result, ¥29,811 million was included in Capital stock, and the same amount was also included in Capital surplus.
On December 16, 2008, MUFG sold 65,200,000 shares of common stock through a secondary offering of shares by way of over-allotment, in which an underwriter borrows securities from certain shareholder(s) of MUFG to sell the shares, at a selling price of ¥417.00 per shares for ¥27,188 million. In connection with the secondary offering by way of over-allotment, on January 14, 2009, MUFG issued 65,200,000 new shares of common stock by way of third-party allotment at ¥399.80 per share for ¥26,067 million. As a result, ¥13,033 million was included in Capital stock, and the same amount was also included in Capital surplus.
As for Capital surplus, the fee retained by MUFG’s subsidiary as underwriting compensation, net of stock issue expense, was included in the total Capital surplus balance in addition to the balance mentioned above.
Treasury Stock
The Company Law permits Japanese companies to effect purchases of their own shares pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at an annual general meeting until the conclusion of the following ordinary general meeting of shareholders, and to hold such shares as their treasury stock indefinitely regardless of purpose. However, the Company Law requires the amount of treasury stock purchased should be within the amount of retained earnings available for dividends. Disposition of treasury stock is subject to the approval of the Board of Directors and is to follow the procedures similar to a public offering of shares for subscription.
UFJ Holdings was a recipient of public funds from the RCC. These public funds were injected in the form of a preferred stock investment and UFJ preferred stock was exchanged as part of the merger for newly issued preferred stock of MUFG.
Related to the repayment of public funds received, the RCC converted certain preferred stock held into common stock. Subsequent to the conversions, the RCC sold these shares of common stock in the open market. Primarily in response to the sales by the RCC, MUFG repurchased a total of ¥1,047,882 million its common stock from the market on October 5, 2005, December 7, 2005, March 1, 2006 and May 24, 2006.
Parent Company Shares Held by Subsidiaries and Affiliated Companies
At March 31, 2009, certain subsidiaries and affiliated companies owned shares of common stock of MUFG. Such shares are included in treasury stock in the consolidated balance sheets and deducted from the MUFG Group’s shareholders’ equity.
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20. RETAINED EARNINGS, LEGAL RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS
In addition to the Company Law, Japanese banks, including BTMU and MUTB, are required to comply with the Banking Law of Japan (the “Banking Law”).
Legal Reserve Set Aside as Appropriation of Retained Earnings and Legal Capital Surplus
Under the Company Law
The Company Law provides that an amount at least equal to 10% of the aggregate amount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each period shall be appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retained earnings and the legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Company Law.
Under the Banking Law
The Banking Law provides that an amount at least equal to 20% of the aggregate amount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each fiscal period shall be appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and the legal capital surplus equals 100% of stated capital as defined in the Company Law.
Transfer of Legal Reserve
Under the Company Law
Under the Company Law, Japanese companies, including MUFG, were permitted, pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to make legal reserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus available for dividends until the aggregate amount of the legal reserve and legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Company Law.
Under the Company Law, Japanese companies, including MUFG, BTMU and MUTB, are permitted, primarily pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to transfer legal capital surplus and legal reserve to stated capital and/or retained earnings without limitations of thresholds, thereby effectively removing the thresholds provided for in the Company Law and Banking Law at the company’s discretion.
Under the Banking Law
Under the Banking Law, Japanese banks, including BTMU and MUTB, were permitted, pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to make legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus available for dividends until the aggregate amount of the legal reserve and legal capital surplus equals 100% of stated capital as defined in the Company Law.
Unappropriated Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) and Dividends
In addition to the provision that requires an appropriation for legal reserve as described above, the Company Law and the Banking Law impose certain limitations on the amount available for dividends.
Under the Company Law, the amount available for dividends is based on the amount recorded in MUFG’s general books of account maintained in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan (“Japanese GAAP”). The adjustments included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements but not
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
recorded in MUFG’s general books of account, as explained in Note 1, have no effect on the determination of retained earnings available for dividends under the Company Law. Under the Banking Law, MUFG, BTMU and MUTB have to meet the minimum capital adequacy requirements and distributions of retained earnings of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB, which are otherwise distributable to shareholders, are restricted in order to maintain the minimum 4.0% Tier I capital for capital adequacy purpose.
MUFG was established on April 2, 2001 with common stock of ¥924,400 million, preferred stock of ¥222,100 million, legal capital surplus of ¥2,838,693 million and no retained earnings in accordance with the Code and Japanese GAAP.
On October 1, 2005, MUFG started with common stock and preferred stock of ¥1,383,052 million, legal capital surplus of ¥3,577,570 million and retained earnings of ¥757,458 million in accordance with the Code and Japanese GAAP.
MUFG’s amount available for dividends, at March 31, 2009, was ¥4,470,846 million, which is based on the amount recorded in MUFG’s general books of account under Japanese GAAP.
Annual dividends, including those for preferred stock, are approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting held subsequent to the fiscal year to which the dividends are applicable. In addition, a semi-annual interim dividend payment may be made by resolution of the Board of Directors, subject to limitations imposed by the Company Law and the Banking Law.
In the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity, dividends and appropriations to legal reserve shown for each fiscal year represent dividends approved and paid during the fiscal year and the related appropriation to legal reserve.
21. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Japan
MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS are subject to various regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the regulatory authorities of the countries in which they operate. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements will initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on MUFG’s consolidated financial statements.
In Japan, MUFG, BTMU, and MUTB are subject to regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the FSA in accordance with the provisions of the Banking Law and related regulations. A banking institution is subject to the minimum capital requirements both on a consolidated basis and a stand-alone basis, and is required to maintain the minimum capital irrespective of whether it operates independently or as a subsidiary under the control of another company. When a bank holding company manages operations of its banking subsidiaries, it is required to maintain the minimum capital adequacy ratio on a consolidated basis in the same manner as its subsidiary banks. The FSA provides two sets of capital adequacy guidelines. One is a set of guidelines applicable to Japanese banks and bank holding companies with foreign offices conducting international operations, as defined, and the other is applicable to Japanese banks and bank holding companies that are not engaged in international operations conducted by foreign offices.
Under the capital adequacy guidelines applicable to a Japanese banking institution with international operations conducted by foreign offices, a minimum capital ratio of 8.0% is required.
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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank for International Settlements (“BIS”) sets capital adequacy standards for all internationally active banks to ensure minimum level of capitals.
The Basel Committee worked over recent years to revise the 1988 Accord, and in June 2004, “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework” called Basel II was released. MUFG calculated capital ratios as of March 31, 2008 and 2009 in accordance with Basel II.
Basel II is based on “three pillars”: (1) minimum capital requirements, (2) the self-regulation of financial institutions based on supervisory review process, and (3) market discipline through the disclosure of information. The framework of the 1988 Accord, Basel I, is improved and expanded to be included in “minimum capital requirements” as the first pillar of Basel II.
As for the denominator of the capital ratio, retaining the Basel I Framework, Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for determining the risk-weighted assets.
“Credit Risk”
The revised Framework provides options for determining the risk-weighted assets for credit risk to allow banks to select approaches that are most appropriate for their level of risk assessment while the Basel I Framework provided a sole measurement approach. Banks choose one of three approaches: “Standardized Approach”, “Foundation Internal Ratings-Based Approach (“FIRB”)” or “Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approach (“AIRB”)”.
“Market Risk”
In the “Amendment to the Capital Accord to incorporate market risks” of the year 1996, a choice between two methodologies “the Standardized Methodology” and “Internal Models Approach” is permitted. “Combination of Internal Models Approach and the Standardized Methodology” is also allowed under certain conditions. This is unchanged in Basel II.
“Operational Risk”
Operational risk, which is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events, is newly added in Basel II. Basel II presents three methods for calculating operational risk capital charges: (i) the Basic Indicator Approach; (ii) the Standardized Approach; or (iii) Advanced Measurement Approaches (“AMA”). Banks adopt one of the three approaches to determine the risk-weighted assets for operational risk.
Banks need to obtain approval from their supervisors prior to adopting the following approaches to calculate capital requirements for each risk:
| Ÿ | the Internal Ratings-Based (“IRB”) Approach for credit risk |
| Ÿ | the Internal Models Approach for market risk |
| Ÿ | the Standardized Approach and AMA for operational risk |
On the other hand, as for the numerator of the capital ratio, Basel II takes over in principle the eligible regulatory capital stipulated in Basel I.
Capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital and deductions from capital.
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Tier I capital generally consists of shareholders’ equity items, including common stock, preferred stock, capital surplus, minority interests and retained earnings, less any recorded goodwill and other items such as treasury stock. Tier II capital generally consists of general reserves for credit losses up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, 45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale, 45% of the land revaluation excess, the balance of perpetual subordinated debt and the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years subject to some limitations, up to 50% of Tier I capital. Preferred stock is includable in Tier I capital unless the preferred stock has a fixed maturity, in which case, such preferred stock will be a component of Tier II capital. Tier III capital generally consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years, subject to certain limitations. At least 50% of a bank’s capital base must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.
Deductions include a banks’ holdings of capital issued by other banks, or deposit-taking institutions and investments in subsidiaries engaged in banking and financial activities which are not consolidated in accordance with Japanese GAAP.
Due to a change in credit risk measurement by adopting Basel II, general provisions for credit losses can be included in Tier II capital according to the proportion of credit risk-weighted assets subject to the Standardized Approach only. Under the IRB approach, the capital is adjusted by the amount of the difference between total eligible provisions and total expected losses calculated within the IRB approach. Under certain conditions, banks are also required to deduct from regulatory capital securitization exposure, any increase in equity capital resulting from a securitization transaction and expected losses on equity exposures under the Probability of Default/Loss Given Default approach.
If a banking institution is not engaged in international operations conducted by foreign offices, it is subject to another set of capital adequacy requirements with a minimum capital ratio of 4.0%. Such guidelines incorporate measures of risk under the risk-weighted approach similar to the guidelines applicable to banking institutions with international operations. Qualifying capital is classified into Tier I and Tier II capital.
The Banking Law and related regulations require that one of three categories be assigned to banks and bank holding companies, based on its risk-adjusted capital adequacy ratio if the bank fails to meet the minimum target capital adequacy ratio. These categories indicate capital deterioration, which may be subject to certain prompt corrective action by the FSA.
MUFG, BTMU and MUTB have international operations conducted by foreign offices, as defined, and are subject to the 8.0% capital adequacy requirement.
The MUFG Group’s proprietary assets do not include trust assets under management and administration in a capacity of agent or fiduciary and, accordingly trust account assets are generally not included in the capital measure. However, guarantees for trust principal are counted as off-balance-sheet items requiring a capital charge in accordance with the capital adequacy guidelines.
In Basel II, MUFG, and most of its major subsidiaries, adopted FIRB as of March 31, 2008 and adopted AIRB as of March 31, 2009 to calculate capital requirements for credit risk. MUFG adopted the Standardized Approach to calculate capital requirements for operational risk, as of March 31, 2008 and 2009. As for market risk, MUFG adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk, as of March 31, 2008 and 2009.
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The risk-adjusted capital amounts and ratios of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB presented in the following table are based on amounts calculated in accordance with Japanese GAAP as required by the FSA:
| Actual | For capital adequacy purposes |
|||||||||||
| Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | |||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| Consolidated: |
||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| MUFG |
¥ | 12,215,857 | 11.19 | % | ¥ | 8,726,050 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| BTMU |
10,611,064 | 11.20 | 7,574,951 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,650,220 | 13.13 | 1,005,213 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| MUFG |
8,293,762 | 7.60 | 4,363,025 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| BTMU |
7,037,578 | 7.43 | 3,787,475 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,248,993 | 9.94 | 502,607 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| MUFG |
¥ | 11,478,440 | 11.77 | % | ¥ | 7,799,477 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| BTMU |
9,637,052 | 12.02 | 6,413,908 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,447,919 | 12,70 | 911,627 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| MUFG |
7,575,189 | 7.76 | 3,899,738 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| BTMU |
6,127,624 | 7.64 | 3,206,954 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,159,785 | 10.17 | 455,814 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| Stand-alone: |
||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| BTMU |
¥ | 9,675,813 | 11.44 | % | ¥ | 6,760,684 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| MUTB |
1,607,250 | 12.87 | 998,714 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| BTMU |
6,467,550 | 7.65 | 3,380,342 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,192,890 | 9.55 | 499,357 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| BTMU |
¥ | 9,431,674 | 12.74 | % | ¥ | 5,920,101 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| MUTB |
1,411,772 | 12.49 | 903,726 | 8.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets): |
||||||||||||
| BTMU |
6,175,439 | 8.34 | 2,960,050 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| MUTB |
1,112,966 | 9.85 | 451,863 | 4.00 | ||||||||
MUS and other securities subsidiaries in Japan and overseas are also subject to regulatory capital requirements of the countries or jurisdictions in which they operate. In Japan, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and related ordinance require financial instruments firms to maintain a minimum capital ratio of 120% calculated as a percentage of capital accounts less certain fixed assets, as determined in accordance with Japanese GAAP, against amounts equivalent to market, counterparty credit and operations risks. Specific guidelines are issued as a ministerial ordinance which details the definition of essential components of the capital ratios, including capital, deductible fixed asset items and risks, and related measures. Failure to maintain a minimum capital ratio will trigger mandatory regulatory actions. A capital ratio of less than 140% will call for regulatory reporting and a capital ratio of less than 100% may lead to a suspension of all or part of the business for a period of time and cancellation of a registration.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
At March 31, 2008 and 2009, MUS’s capital accounts less certain fixed assets of ¥619,275 million and ¥502,823 million, were 299.4% and 353.7% of the total amounts equivalent to market, counterparty credit and operations risks, respectively.
Management believes, as of March 31, 2009, that MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and other regulated securities subsidiaries met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
United States of America
In the United States of America, UNBC and its banking subsidiary Union Bank, N.A. (On December 18, 2008, Union Bank changed its name from Union Bank of California, N.A.), BTMU’s largest subsidiaries operating outside Japan, are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by U.S. Federal banking agencies, including minimum capital requirements. Under the capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, UNBC and Union Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of UNBC’s and Union Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under U.S. regulatory accounting practices. UNBC’s and Union Bank’s capital amounts and Union Bank’s prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require UNBC and Union Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier I capital (as defined) to quarterly average assets (as defined).
Although Basel II is not yet effective in the U.S., the U.S. banking and thrift agencies published in July 2007 an interagency notice regarding the implementation of Basel II in the U.S. The agencies agreed to resolve major outstanding issues and lead to finalization of a rule implementing the advanced approaches for computing large banks’ risk-based capital requirements. The agencies also agreed to proceed promptly to issue a proposed rule that would provide all non-core banks with the option to adopt a standardized approach.
The figures on the tables below are calculated according to Basel I as Basel II is not yet effective in the U.S. UNBC’s and the Union Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented as follows:
| Actual | For capital adequacy purposes |
|||||||||||
| Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | |||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| UNBC: |
||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
$ | 6,124 | 11.21 | % | $ | 4,369 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
4,534 | 8.30 | 2,184 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
4,534 | 8.27 | 2,194 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
$ | 7,240 | 11.63 | % | $ | 4,980 | 8.00 | % | ||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
5,467 | 8.78 | 2,490 | 4.00 | ||||||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
5,467 | 8.42 | 2,597 | 4.00 | ||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Excludes certain intangible assets. |
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| Actual | For capital adequacy purposes |
Ratios OCC requires to be “well capitalized” |
||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | |||||||||||||
| (in millions, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Union Bank: |
||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
$ | 5,631 | 10.38 | % | $ | 4,339 | 8.00 | % | $ | 5,423 | 10.00 | % | ||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
4,449 | 8.20 | 2,169 | 4.00 | 3,254 | 6.00 | ||||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
4,449 | 8.20 | 2,171 | 4.00 | 2,714 | 5.00 | ||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
$ | 6,831 | 11.01 | % | $ | 4,962 | 8.00 | % | $ | 6,203 | 10.00 | % | ||||||
| Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets) |
5,380 | 8.67 | 2,481 | 4.00 | 3,722 | 6.00 | ||||||||||||
| Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1) |
5,380 | 8.31 | 2,590 | 4.00 | 3,237 | 5.00 | ||||||||||||
Note:
| (1) | Excludes certain intangible assets. |
Management believes, as of December 31, 2008, that UNBC and Union Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, the most recent notification from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) categorized Union Bank as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” Union Bank must maintain a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10%, a Tier I risk-based capital ratio of 6%, and a Tier I leverage ratio of 5% as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed Union Bank’s category.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
22. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Reconciliations of net income (loss) and weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the computation of basic earnings (loss) per common share to the adjusted amounts for the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 are as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) (Numerator): |
||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations |
¥ | 582,105 | ¥ | (540,690 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations—net |
(817 | ) | (1,746 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net income (loss) |
581,288 | (542,436 | ) | (1,468,040 | ) | |||||||
| Income allocable to preferred shareholders: |
||||||||||||
| Cash dividends paid |
(13,629 | ) | (6,669 | ) | (6,399 | ) | ||||||
| Beneficial conversion feature |
(267,432 | ) | (7,909 | ) | (9,478 | ) | ||||||
| Effect of induced conversion of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. Class 1 stock (Note 3) |
— | — | (7,676 | ) | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
300,227 | (557,014 | ) | (1,491,593 | ) | |||||||
| Effect of dilutive instruments: |
||||||||||||
| Convertible debt—MUS |
(985 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Stock options—UNBC |
(835 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders and assumed conversions |
¥ | 298,407 | ¥ | (557,014 | ) | ¥ | (1,491,593 | ) | ||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (thousands of shares) | ||||||||||||
| Shares (Denominator): |
||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding |
10,053,408 | 10,305,911 | 10,821,091 | |||||||||
| Effect of dilutive instruments: |
||||||||||||
| Convertible preferred stock |
1 | — | — | |||||||||
| Weighted average common shares for diluted computation |
10,053,409 | 10,305,911 | 10,821,091 | |||||||||
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in yen) | ||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
¥ | 29.94 | ¥ | (53.88 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations |
(0.08 | ) | (0.17 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
¥ | 29.86 | ¥ | (54.05 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
¥ | 29.76 | ¥ | (53.88 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations |
(0.08 | ) | (0.17 | ) | — | |||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
¥ | 29.68 | ¥ | (54.05 | ) | ¥ | (137.84 | ) | ||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, Class 11 Preferred Stock, 1/4% Convertible Bonds due 2014 issued by MUS and stock options issued by MUS and UNBC that could potentially dilute earnings per common share in the future were included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share. Class 8, Class 9, Class 10, and Class 12 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by The Senshu Bank Ltd. (“Senshu Bank”) and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and certain stock options issued by UNBC and MU Hands-on Capital Ltd. could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, Class 8, Class 11 and Class 12 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by Senshu Bank and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, 1/4% Convertible Bonds due 2014 issued by MUS and stock options issued by MUFG, MUS, kabu.com Securities, UNBC, MU Hands-on Capital Ltd. and Palace Capital Partners A Co., Ltd. could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, Class 11 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by Senshu Bank and Mitsubishi UFJ Merrill Lynch PB Securities Co., Ltd. and stock options issued by MUFG, kabu.com Securities, MU Hands-on Capital Ltd. and FOODSNET Corporation could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.
In computing the number of the potentially dilutive common shares for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, Class 11 Preferred Stock has been based on the conversion price at March 31, 2007 (i.e., ¥918.7).
23. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The MUFG Group uses various derivative financial instruments both for trading purposes and for purposes other than trading (primarily risk management purposes) in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers, as a source of revenue and to manage its exposures to a variety of risks. The MUFG Group is a party to derivatives, including swaps, forwards, options and other types of derivatives, dealing primarily with market risk associated with interest rate, foreign currency, equity and commodity prices, and credit risk associated with counterparty’s nonperformance of transactions.
Market risk is the possibility that future changes in market indices make the financial instruments less valuable. Credit risk is the possibility that a loss may result from a counterparty’s failure to perform according to the terms and conditions of the contract, which may exceed the value of underlying collateral. To reduce credit risk, the MUFG Group may require collateral or guaranties based on a case-by-case assessment of creditworthiness of each customer and evaluation of the instrument. The MUFG Group also uses master netting agreements in order to mitigate overall counterparty credit risk.
Trading Activities
The MUFG Group’s trading activities include dealing and other activities measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized currently in earnings. As part of its trading activities, the MUFG Group offers a variety of derivative financial instruments and debt instruments for managing interest rate and foreign exchange risk to its domestic and foreign corporate and financial institution customers. The MUFG Group also enters into other types of derivative transactions, including equity and credit-related contracts, for its own account.
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Risk Management Activities
As part of its risk management activities, the MUFG Group uses certain derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate and currency exposures. The MUFG Group maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. The MUFG Group’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not adversely affect net interest income. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities appreciate or depreciate in market value. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Interest income and interest expense on hedged variable-rate assets and liabilities, respectively, increase or decrease as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Gains and losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to these hedged assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this variability in earnings.
The MUFG Group enters into interest rate swaps and other contracts as part of its interest rate risk management strategy primarily to alter the interest rate sensitivity of its loans, investment securities and deposit liabilities. The MUFG Group’s principal objectives in risk management include asset and liability management. Asset and liability management is viewed as one of the methods for the MUFG Group to manage its interest rate exposures on interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Interest rate contracts, which are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and basis swaps, options and futures, allow the MUFG Group to effectively manage its interest rate risk position. Option contracts primarily consist of caps, floors, swaptions and options on index futures. Futures contracts used for asset and liability management activities are primarily index futures providing for cash payments based upon the movement of an underlying rate index. The MUFG Group enters into forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and other contracts in response to currency exposures resulting from on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies in order to limit the net foreign exchange position by currency to an appropriate level.
The risk management activities reduce the MUFG Group’s risk exposures economically, however, derivatives used for risk management activities often fail to meet certain conditions to qualify for hedge accounting and the MUFG Group accounts for such derivatives as trading positions.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, except for derivative transactions conducted by certain foreign subsidiaries, the MUFG Group accounted for derivatives held for risk management purposes as trading positions and measured them at fair value.
Embedded Derivatives
Features embedded in other non-derivative hybrid contracts are separated from the host contracts and measured at fair value when they are not clearly and closely related to the host contracts and meet the definition of a derivative. The change in the fair value of such an embedded derivative is recognized currently in earnings, unless it qualifies as a hedge. The fair value of the embedded derivative is presented in the consolidated balance sheets with the host contract. The MUFG Group accounts for credit-linked notes as host contracts with embedded derivatives and measures the entire contracts at fair value.
Credit Derivatives
The MUFG Group enters into credit derivatives to manage credit risk exposures, to facilitate client transactions, and for proprietary trading purpose, under which they provide counterparties protection against the risk of default on a set of debt obligations issued by a specified reference entity or entities. Types of these credit derivatives include principally single name credit default swaps, index and basket credit default swaps and credit-linked notes. The MUFG Group will have to perform under a credit derivative if a credit event as defined under
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
the contract occurs. Such credit events include bankruptcy, dissolution or insolvency of the referenced entity, default and restructuring of the obligations of the referenced entity. The MUFG Group’s counterparties are banks, broker-dealers, insurance and other financial institutions. The contractual or notional amounts of these instruments represent the maximum potential amounts of future payments without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. The table below summarizes certain information regarding protection sold through credit default swaps and credit-linked notes as of March 31, 2009:
| Protection sold | ||||||||||||||||
| Maximum potential/Notional amount by expiration period |
Estimated fair value |
|||||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year |
1-5 years | Over 5 years |
Total | (Asset)/ Liability(1) |
||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
| Single name credit default swaps: |
||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade(2) |
¥ | 212,209 | ¥ | 1,895,384 | ¥ | 57,741 | ¥ | 2,165,334 | ¥ | 136,879 | ||||||
| Non-investment grade |
29,923 | 257,401 | 1,277 | 288,601 | 38,339 | |||||||||||
| Not rated |
— | 15,911 | — | 15,911 | 595 | |||||||||||
| Total |
242,132 | 2,168,696 | 59,018 | 2,469,846 | 175,813 | |||||||||||
| Index and basket credit default swaps held by BTMU: |
||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade(2) |
45,429 | 450,247 | 7,835 | 503,511 | 27,096 | |||||||||||
| Non-investment grade |
1,991 | 39,555 | — | 41,546 | 4,521 | |||||||||||
| Not rated |
— | 17,342 | — | 17,342 | 9,922 | |||||||||||
| Total |
47,420 | 507,144 | 7,835 | 562,399 | 41,539 | |||||||||||
| Index and basket credit default swaps held by MUS: |
||||||||||||||||
| Investment grade(2) |
10,000 | 393,922 | 2,000 | 405,922 | 40,838 | |||||||||||
| Non-investment grade |
— | 5,000 | — | 5,000 | 1,920 | |||||||||||
| Not rated |
— | 1,291 | — | 1,291 | (3 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total |
10,000 | 400,213 | 2,000 | 412,213 | 42,755 | |||||||||||
| Index and basket credit default swaps held by MUTB: |
||||||||||||||||
| Normal |
42,000 | 30,000 | — | 72,000 | 3,241 | |||||||||||
| Close Watch(3) |
3,000 | 3,000 | — | 6,000 | 1,361 | |||||||||||
| Total |
45,000 | 33,000 | — | 78,000 | 4,602 | |||||||||||
| Total index and basket credit default swaps sold |
102,420 | 940,357 | 9,835 | 1,052,612 | 88,896 | |||||||||||
| Total credit default swaps sold |
¥ | 344,552 | ¥ | 3,109,053 | ¥ | 68,853 | ¥ | 3,522,458 | ¥ | 264,709 | ||||||
| Credit-linked notes(4) |
¥ | 1,455 | ¥ | 71,597 | ¥ | 229,800 | ¥ | 302,852 | ¥ | (220,416 | ) | |||||
Notes:
| (1) | Fair value amounts are shown on a gross basis prior to cash collateral or counterparty netting. |
| (2) | The MUFG Group considers ratings of Baa3/BBB- or higher to meet the definition of investment grade. |
| (3) | Reference entities classified as “Close Watch” require close scrutiny because their business performance is unstable or their financial condition is unfavorable. |
| (4) | Fair value amounts shown represent the fair value of the hybrid instruments. |
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Single name credit default swaps — A credit default swap protects the buyer against the loss of principal on a bond or loan in case of a default by the issuer. The protection buyer pays a periodic premium over the life of the contracts and is protected for the period. The MUFG Group in turn will have to perform under a credit default swap if a credit event as defined under the contracts occurs. In order to provide an indication of the current payment/performance risk of the credit default swaps, the external credit ratings, primarily Moody’s and S&P credit ratings, of the underlying reference entity of the credit default swaps are disclosed.
Index and basket credit default swaps — Index and basket credit default swaps are credit default swaps that reference multiple names through underlying baskets or portfolios of single name credit default swaps. Typically, in the event of a default on one of underlying names, the MUFG Group will have to pay a pro rata portion of the total notional amount of the credit default index or basket contract. In order to provide an indication of the current payment/performance risk of these credit default swaps, BTMU and MUS ratings scale is based upon the entity’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to ratings defined by primarily Moody’s and S&P, of the underlying reference entities comprising the basket or index were calculated and disclosed. The current payment/performance risk of these credit default swaps, MUTB rating scale is based upon the entity’s internal ratings, which is the same credit rating system utilized for estimating probabilities of default within its loan portfolio.
Credit-linked notes (“CLNs”) — The MUFG Group has invested in CLNs, which are hybrid instruments containing embedded derivatives, in which credit protection has been sold to the issuer of the note. If there is a credit event of a reference entity underlying the CLN, the principal balance of the note may not be repaid in full to the Company. As part of its financing activities, MUS and other securities subsidiaries in Japan and overseas issue CLNs.
The MUFG Group may economically hedge its exposure to credit derivatives by entering into offsetting derivative contracts. At March 31, 2009, the carrying value and notional value of credit protection sold in which the MUFG Group held purchased protection with identical underlying referenced entities were approximately ¥201 billion and ¥2,605 billion, respectively.
Collateral is held by the MUFG Group in relation to these instruments. Collateral requirements are determined at the counterparty level and cover numerous transactions and products as opposed to individual contracts.
UNBC
Derivative positions are integral components of UNBC’s designated asset and liability management activities. UNBC uses interest rate derivatives to manage the sensitivity of UNBC’s net interest income to changes in interest rates. These instruments are used to manage interest rate risk relating to specified groups of assets and liabilities, primarily London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)-based commercial loans, certificates of deposit and subordinated debt.
Cash Flow Hedges
Hedging Strategies for Variable Rate Loans and Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposits
UNBC engages in several types of cash flow hedging strategies for which the hedged transactions are forecasted future loan interest payments, and the hedged risk is the variability in those payments due to changes in the designated benchmark rate, e.g., U.S. dollar LIBOR. In these strategies, the hedging instruments are matched with groups of variable rate loans such that the tenor of the variable rate loans and that of the hedging instrument are identical. Cash flow hedging strategies include the utilization of purchased floor, cap, collar and corridor options and interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2008, the weighted average remaining life of the currently active (excluding any forward positions) cash flow hedges was approximately 1.1 years.
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UNBC uses purchased interest rate floors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Payments received under the floor contract offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the floor’s strike rate.
UNBC uses interest rate floor corridors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Net payments to be received under the floor corridor contracts offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the corridor’s upper strike rate, but only to the extent the index falls to the lower strike rate. The corridor will not provide protection from declines in the relevant LIBOR index to the extent it falls below the corridor’s lower strike rate.
UNBC uses interest rate collars to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Net payments to be received under the collar contract offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the collar’s floor strike rate while net payments to be paid will reduce the increase in loan interest income caused by the LIBOR index rising above the collar’s cap strike rate.
UNBC uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Payments to be received (or paid) under the swap contract will offset the fluctuations in loan interest income caused by changes in the relevant LIBOR index. As such, these instruments hedge all fluctuations in the loans’ interest income caused by changes in the relevant LIBOR index.
UNBC uses purchased interest rate caps to hedge the variable interest cash flows associated with the forecasted issuance and rollover of short-term, fixed rate CDs. In these hedging relationships, UNBC hedges the LIBOR component of the CD rates, which is 3-month LIBOR, based on the CDs’ original term to maturity, which reflects their repricing frequency. Net payments to be received under the cap contract offset the increase in interest expense caused by the relevant LIBOR index rising above the cap’s strike rate.
UNBC uses interest rate cap corridors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the forecasted issuance and rollover of short-term, fixed rate CDs. In these hedging relationships, UNBC hedges the LIBOR component of the CD rates, either 1-month LIBOR, 3-month LIBOR, or 6-month LIBOR, based on the original term to maturity of the CDs, which reflects their repricing frequency. Net payments to be received under the cap corridor contract offset the increase in deposit interest expense caused by the relevant LIBOR index rising above the corridor’s lower strike rate, but only to the extent the index rises to the upper strike rate. The corridor will not provide protection from increases in the relevant LIBOR index to the extent it rises above the corridor’s upper strike rate.
Hedging transactions are structured at inception so that the notional amounts of the hedge are matched with an equal principal amount of loans or CDs, the index and repricing frequencies of the hedge match those of the loans or CDs, and the period in which the designated hedged cash flows occurs is equal to the term of the hedge. As such, most of the ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship results from the mismatch between the timing of reset dates on the hedge versus those of the loans or CDs. For the year ended December 31, 2008, UNBC recognized a net gain of ¥55 million due to ineffectiveness, which is recognized in other noninterest expense, compared to a net gain of ¥12 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and a net loss of ¥2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
For cash flow hedges, based upon amounts included in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources at March 31, 2009, the MUFG Group expects to realize approximately ¥11 billion in net interest income for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2010. This amount could differ from amounts actually realized due to changes in interest rates and the addition of other hedges subsequent to March 31, 2009.
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Fair Value Hedges
Economic Hedging Strategy for “MarketPath” Certificates of Deposit
UNBC engages in an economic hedging strategy in which interest bearing CDs issued to customers, which are tied to the changes in the Standard and Poor’s 500 index (“S&P 500”), are exchanged for a fixed rate of interest. UNBC accounts for the embedded derivative in the CDs at fair value. A total return swap that encompasses the value of a series of options that had individually hedged each CD is valued at fair value. The change in fair value of the embedded derivative and the hedging instrument are recognized as interest expense.
Hedging Strategy for Subordinated Debt
UNBC engages in an interest rate hedging strategy in which one or more interest rate swaps are associated with a specified interest bearing liability, UNBC’s ten-year, subordinated debt issuance, in order to convert the liability from a fixed rate to a floating rate instrument. This strategy mitigates the changes in fair value of the hedged liability caused by changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, U.S. dollar LIBOR.
The fair value hedging transactions for the issuances of the subordinated debt were structured at inception to mirror all of the provisions of the subordinated debt, which allows UNBC to assume that no ineffectiveness exists.
Other
UNBC uses To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) contracts to fix the price and yield of anticipated purchases or sales of mortgage-backed securities that will be delivered at an agreed upon date. This strategy hedges the risk of variability in the cash flows to be paid or received upon settlement of the TBA contract.
24. OBLIGATIONS UNDER GUARANTEES AND OTHER OFF-BALANCE-SHEET INSTRUMENTS
Obligations under Guarantees
The MUFG Group provides customers with a variety of guarantees and similar arrangements, including standby letters of credit, financial and performance guarantees, credit protections, liquidity facilities, other off-balance-sheet credit-related supports and similar instruments, in order to meet the customers’ financial and business needs. The table below summarizes the contractual or notional amounts with regard to obligations under guarantees and similar arrangements at March 31, 2008 and 2009. The contractual or notional amounts of these instruments represent the maximum potential amounts of future payments without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged.
For certain types of derivatives, such as written interest rate options and written currency options, the maximum potential future payments are unlimited. Accordingly, it is impracticable to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments. As such, the notional amounts of the related contracts, other than the maximum potential payments, are included in the table.
The MUFG Group mitigates credit risk exposure resulting from guarantees by utilizing various techniques, including collateralization in the form of cash, securities, and real properties based on management’s credit assessment of the guaranteed parties and the related credit profile. In order to manage the credit risk exposure, the MUFG Group also enters into sub-participation contracts with third parties who will fund a portion of the credit facility and bear its share of the loss to be incurred in the event that the borrower fails to fulfill its obligations. The following table includes guarantees of ¥187.3 billion and ¥189.0 billion at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively, which are participated out to third parties. The contractual or notional amounts summarized in
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the following table do not necessarily bear any direct relationship to the future actual credit exposure, primarily because of those risk management techniques.
| Maximum potential/ Contractual or Notional amount |
Amount by expiration period | |||||||||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
Less than 1 year |
1-5 years | Over 5 years | |||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees |
¥ | 5,254 | ¥ | 2,262 | ¥ | 1,527 | ¥ | 1,465 | ||||
| Performance guarantees |
2,351 | 1,495 | 718 | 138 | ||||||||
| Derivative instruments |
59,295 | 34,131 | 22,270 | 2,894 | ||||||||
| Guarantees for the repayment of trust principal |
1,468 | 206 | 1,254 | 8 | ||||||||
| Liabilities of trust accounts |
4,085 | 3,046 | 168 | 871 | ||||||||
| Other |
720 | 720 | — | — | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 73,173 | ¥ | 41,860 | ¥ | 25,937 | ¥ | 5,376 | ||||
| Maximum potential/ Contractual or Notional amount |
Amount by expiration period | |||||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
Less than 1 year |
1-5 years | Over 5 years | |||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Standby letter of credit and financial guarantees |
¥ | 4,550 | ¥ | 2,095 | ¥ | 1,113 | ¥ | 1,342 | ||||
| Performance guarantees |
2,489 | 1,573 | 785 | 131 | ||||||||
| Derivative instruments |
67,954 | 29,656 | 34,946 | 3,352 | ||||||||
| Guarantee for repayment of trust principal |
1,234 | 173 | 1,055 | 6 | ||||||||
| Liabilities of trust accounts |
3,158 | 2,098 | 382 | 678 | ||||||||
| Others |
128 | 128 | — | — | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 79,513 | ¥ | 35,723 | ¥ | 38,281 | ¥ | 5,509 | ||||
Nature of Guarantee Contracts
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees generally include an obligation of an issuer or a designated third party to guarantee the performance of the customer to the beneficiary under the terms of contracts such as lending contracts and other similar financial transactions. The MUFG Group is required to make payments to the guaranteed parties in the events that the customers fail to fulfill the obligations under the contracts. The guarantees whose contractual maturities are over 5 years are mainly comprised of guarantees of housing loans.
Performance guarantees are the contracts that contingently require the MUFG Group to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another party’s failure to perform under an obligating agreement, except financial obligation. For example, performance guarantees include guarantees of completion of construction projects.
Derivative instruments that are deemed to be included within the definition of guarantees as prescribed in FIN No. 45 include certain written options and credit default swaps. In order for the MUFG Group to determine if those derivative instruments meet the definition of guarantees as prescribed in FIN No. 45, the MUFG Group has to track whether the counterparties are actually exposed to the losses that will result from the adverse change in the underlyings. Accordingly, the MUFG Group has disclosed information on all credit default swaps and certain written options for which there is a possibility of meeting the definition of guarantees as prescribed in
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FIN No. 45, regardless of whether the counterparties have assets or liabilities related to the underlyings of the derivatives. However, credit derivatives sold by the MUFG Group at March 31, 2009 are excluded from this presentation, as they are disclosed in Note 23.
Guarantees for the repayment of trust principal include guarantees which the MUFG Group provides for the repayment of principal of certain types of trust products, including certain jointly operated designated money in trusts and loan trusts. The MUFG Group manages and administers trust assets in a capacity of agent or fiduciary on behalf of its customers and trust assets are segregated from the assets of the MUFG Group, which keeps separate records for the trust activities. The MUFG Group, in principle, does not assume any risks associated with the trust assets under management, however, as permitted by applicable laws, the MUFG Group provides guarantees for the repayment of principal of such trust products. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the contract amounts of such guarantees for repayment of trust principal were ¥1,468 billion and ¥1,235 billion, respectively. The accounting methods used for the segregated records of trust activities are different from financial accounting principles and practices. However, the MUFG Group follows an approach similar to those used for its own assets to identify an impairment of an asset included in the trusts with guaranteed principal, with inherent variations applicable to trust accounting. Amounts of loans deemed to be impaired are written off directly and are charged to the trust account profits earned during the trust accounting period. Write-downs of securities are also directly charged to the trust account profits. The amounts of trust assets written-off in the segregated records were ¥9 million and ¥9 million, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. These amounts were reflected in the segregated records as deductions before net profits earned by trust accounts for the accounting period. In addition, a part of trust account profits is set aside as a reserve to absorb losses in the trust asset portfolios in the segregated records in accordance with relevant legislation concerning the trust business and/or trust agreements. Statutory reserves for loan trusts are established at a rate of 4.0% of the trust fees up to the amounts of 0.5% of the trust principal in accordance with the legislation. Reserves for jointly operated designated money in trusts are established at a rate of 0.3% of the balance of loans and other assets in the trust account assets in accordance with the related trust agreement. The amounts of such reserves set aside in the segregated records were ¥1,839 million and ¥1,196 million at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The MUFG Group is required to provide an allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments on such guarantees in the financial statements only when the principal is deemed to be impaired. Management believes that the MUFG Group will not incur any losses on the guarantees.
Liabilities of trust accounts represent the trustee’s potential responsibility for temporary payments to creditors of liabilities of trust accounts making use of funds of the MUFG Group, unless there are the certain agreements with trust creditors that have provisions limiting the MUFG Group’s responsibility as a trustee to the trust account assets. A trust may incur external liabilities to obtain certain services during the terms of the trust arrangement. While, in principle, any liabilities of a trust are payable by the trust account and its beneficiaries, a trustee’s responsibility may be interpreted to encompass temporary payments for the trust account liabilities when the trust account does not maintain sufficient liquidity available for such liabilities unless the agreement with trust creditors does not limit the trustee’s responsibility to the trust account assets. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, there were liabilities of ¥4,085 billion and ¥3,158 billion, respectively, in the segregated records of trust accounts including the amounts related to liabilities with provisions limiting trustee responsibility. Liabilities of trust accounts principally included obligations to return collateral under security lending transactions. The MUFG Group has experienced no significant losses on such responsibilities and its exposure to the risk associated with the temporary payments is judged to be remote because trust account liabilities are generally covered by the corresponding trust account assets; the MUFG Group continuously monitors the liabilities of trust accounts and assesses the trust account’s ability to perform its obligations to prevent any unfavorable outcomes; and the MUFG Group claims its recourse for its temporary payments against the trust account assets and the beneficiaries.
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Other includes security lending indemnifications. Security lending indemnifications are the indemnifications for institutional customers of securities lending transactions against counterparty default. All lending transactions are collateralized, primarily by cash.
Carrying Amount
At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the carrying amounts of the liabilities related to guarantees and similar instruments set forth above were ¥1,145,698 million and ¥1,364,620 million, respectively, which are included in Other liabilities and Trading account liabilities. However, credit derivatives sold by the MUFG Group at March 31, 2009 are excluded from this presentation, as they are disclosed as Fair Value in Note 23. In addition, Other liabilities also include an allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments of ¥58,316 million and ¥46,757 million, respectively, related to these transactions.
Performance Risk
The MUFG Group monitors the performance risk of its guarantees using the same credit rating system utilized for estimating probabilities of default within its loan portfolio. The MUFG Group credit rating system is consistent with both the method of evaluating credit risk under Basel II and those of third-party credit rating agencies. On certain underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available. Such referenced credits are included in the “Not rated” category.
Presented in the table below is the maximum potential amount of future payments classified based upon internal credit ratings as of March 31, 2009. The determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. Such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees.
| Amount by borrower grade | |||||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
Maximum potential/ Contractual or Notional amount |
Normal | Close watch(1) |
Likely to become Bankrupt or Legally/ Virtually Bankrupt(2) |
Not rated | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | |||||||||||||||
| Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees |
¥ | 4,550 | ¥ | 4,213 | ¥ | 307 | ¥ | 18 | ¥ | 12 | |||||
| Performance guarantees |
2,489 | 2,368 | 106 | 5 | 10 | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 7,039 | ¥ | 6,581 | ¥ | 413 | ¥ | 23 | ¥ | 22 | |||||
Notes:
| (1) | Borrowers classified as “Close watch” require close scrutiny because their business performance is unstable or their financial condition is unfavorable. |
| (2) | Borrowers classified as “Likely to become Bankrupt” are not yet bankrupt, but are in financial difficulty with poor progress in achieving their business restructuring plans or are likely to bankrupt in the future. Borrowers classified as “Legally or Virtually Bankrupt” are considered to be legally bankrupt or are virtually bankrupt. |
The guarantees the MUFG Group does not classify based upon internal credit ratings are as follows.
The MUFG Group records all derivative contracts at fair value. Aggregate market risk limits have been established, and market risk measures are routinely monitored against these limits. The MUFG Group also manages its exposure to these derivative contracts through a variety of risk mitigation strategies, including, but
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not limited to, offsetting economic hedge positions. The MUFG Group expects the risk of loss to be remote and believes that the notional amounts of the derivative contracts generally exceed its exposure.
Guarantees for the repayment of trust principal include guarantees which the MUFG Group provides for the repayment of principal of certain types of trust products, including certain jointly operated designated money in trusts and loan trusts. The MUFG Group stably manages and administers such trust products with attention to risk and the profitability of trust assets. Management believes that the MUFG Group will not incur any losses on the guarantees.
Liabilities of trust accounts represent the trustee’s potential responsibility for temporary payments to creditors of liabilities of trust accounts making use of funds of the MUFG Group. The MUFG Group has experienced no significant losses on such responsibilities and its exposure to the risk associated with the temporary payments is judged to be remote because trust account liabilities are generally covered by the corresponding trust account assets.
The MUFG Group conducts securities lending transactions for institutional customers as a fully disclosed agent. At times, securities lending indemnifications are issued to guarantee that a security lending customer will be made whole in the event the borrower does not return the security subject to the lending agreement and collateral held is insufficient to cover the market value of the security. All lending transactions are collateralized, primarily by cash. At March 31, 2009, the MUFG Group had no exposure that would require it to pay under this securities lending indemnification, since the collateral market value exceeds the securities lent.
Other Off-balance-sheet Instruments
In addition to obligations under guarantees set forth above, the MUFG Group issues other off-balance-sheet instruments for purposes other than trading. Such off-balance-sheet instruments consist of lending-related commitments, including commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit that the MUFG Group provides to meet the financing needs of its customers. Once the MUFG Group issues these financial instruments, the MUFG Group is required to extend credit to or make certain payments to the customers or beneficiaries specified pursuant to the underlying contracts unless otherwise provided in the contracts. Since many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At March 31, 2009, approximately 73% of these commitments will expire within one year, 25% from one year to five years and 2% after five years. The table below summarizes the contractual amounts with regard to these commitments at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in billions) | ||||||
| Commitments to extend credit |
¥ | 61,906 | ¥ | 59,373 | ||
| Commercial letters of credit |
762 | 530 | ||||
| Commitments to make investments |
114 | 144 | ||||
| Other |
26 | 8 | ||||
Commitments to extend credit, which generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, are legally binding agreements to lend to customers. Commitments are different from guarantees in that the commitments are generally revocable or have provisions that enable the MUFG Group to avoid payments in the event of violations of any conditions of the contracts and certain deterioration of the potential borrowers’ financial condition. Commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
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Commercial letters of credit, used for facilitating trade transactions, are generally secured by underlying goods. The MUFG Group continually monitors the type and amount of collateral and other security, and requires counterparties to provide additional collateral or guarantors as necessary.
Commitments to make investments are legally binding contracts to make additional contributions to corporate recovery or private equity investment funds in accordance with limited partnership agreements. Some of these funds, in which the MUFG Group has significant variable interests, are described in Note 25.
25. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
In the normal course of its business, the MUFG Group has financial interests in various entities which may be deemed to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) such as asset-backed conduits, various investment funds, special purpose entities created for structured financing, repackaged instruments, and entities created for the securitization of the MUFG Group’s assets.
The following tables present the total assets of consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs, as well as the maximum exposure to loss to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2008. In addition, the following tables present the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs, the total assets of non-consolidated VIEs, the maximum exposure to loss resulting from its involvement with non-consolidated VIEs, and the assets and liabilities of non-consolidated VIEs recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2009.
| Consolidated VIEs |
||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
Consolidated assets | |||
| (in millions) | ||||
| Asset-backed conduits |
¥ | 6,693,615 | ||
| Securitization conduits of client properties |
1,012 | |||
| Investment funds |
1,842,667 | (1) | ||
| Special purpose entities created for structured financing |
121,574 | (2) | ||
| Repackaged instruments |
121,951 | (3) | ||
| Securitization of the MUFG group’s assets |
3,466,385 | |||
| Others |
328,422 | (4) | ||
| Total |
¥ | 12,575,626 | ||
| Consolidated VIEs |
||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
Consolidated assets | |||
| (in millions) | ||||
| Cash |
¥ | 263,726 | (5) | |
| Trading account assets |
1,526,753 | |||
| Investment securities |
498,827 | |||
| Loans(6) |
9,791,399 | |||
| All other assets |
494,921 | (7) | ||
| Total |
¥ | 12,575,626 | ||
Notes:
| (1) | The amount of Investment funds at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥1,857,463 million to ¥1,842,667 million. |
| (2) | The amount of Special purpose entities created for structured financing at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥56,353 million to ¥121,574 million. |
| (3) | The amount of Repackaged instruments at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥108,348 million to ¥121,951 million. |
| (4) | The amount of Others at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥328,450 million to ¥328,422 million. |
| (5) | The amount of Cash at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥263,420 million to ¥263,726 million. |
| (6) | The amount of Loans at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥6,354,329 million to ¥6,433,125 million. In addition, the difference between ¥6,433,125 million and ¥9,791,399 million is resulted from the inclusion of the amount of Securitization of the MUFG group’s assets which had been disclosed out of the column. |
| (7) | The amount of All other assets at March 31, 2008 has been restated from ¥401,912 million to ¥494,921 million. |
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| Consolidated VIEs |
Consolidated assets | Consolidated liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
Total | Cash | Trading account assets |
Investment securities |
Loans | All other assets |
Total | Other short-term borrowings |
Long-term debt |
All other liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed conduits |
¥ | 6,450,238 | ¥ | 125,301 | ¥ | 904 | ¥ | 400,038 | ¥ | 5,912,685 | ¥ | 11,310 | ¥ | 6,457,106 | ¥ | 5,816,673 | ¥ | 395,614 | ¥ | 244,819 | ||||||||||
| Investment funds |
1,284,010 | 51,016 | 965,110 | 25,998 | 1,782 | 240,104 | 163,903 | 2,461 | 34,006 | 127,436 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Special purpose entities created for structured financing |
164,614 | 1,515 | — | — | 159,990 | 3,109 | 165,726 | 12,736 | 152,740 | 250 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repackaged instruments |
85,679 | 71 | 84,569 | 1,039 | — | — | 91,866 | 540 | 84,743 | 6,583 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization of the MUFG group’s assets |
2,994,713 | 2,282 | — | — | 2,900,834 | 91,597 | 3,049,217 | — | 3,046,444 | 2,773 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
195,709 | 37,017 | 823 | — | 121,377 | 36,492 | 194,873 | 121,643 | 36,889 | 36,341 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 11,174,963 | ¥ | 217,202 | ¥ | 1,051,406 | ¥ | 427,075 | ¥ | 9,096,668 | ¥ | 382,612 | ¥ | 10,122,691 | ¥ | 5,954,053 | ¥ | 3,750,436 | ¥ | 418,202 | ||||||||||
| Significant Non-consolidated VIEs | ||||||
| At March 31, 2008: |
Assets | Maximum exposure | ||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Asset-backed conduits |
¥ | 13,309,410 | ¥ | 1,991,526 | ||
| Investment funds |
22,176,202 | 1,104,978 | ||||
| Special purpose entities created for structured financing |
8,262,297 | 2,145,160 | ||||
| Repackaged instruments |
82,485,858 | 2,365,456 | ||||
| Others |
9,509,108 | 2,022,406 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 135,742,875 | ¥ | 9,629,526 | ||
| Significant Non-consolidated VIEs |
On-balance sheet assets | On-balance sheet liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At March 31, 2009: |
Assets | Maximum exposure |
Total | Trading account assets |
Investment securities |
Loans | Other assets |
Total | Trading account liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed conduits |
¥ | 11,055,771 | ¥ | 2,091,098 | ¥ | 1,305,466 | ¥ | 1,540 | ¥ | 50,569 | ¥ | 1,253,357 | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | — | |||||||||
| Investment funds |
12,175,644 | 940,640 | 877,816 | 177,933 | 246,644 | 407,313 | 45,926 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Special purpose entities created for structured financing |
12,328,660 | 1,816,391 | 1,529,732 | 20,580 | 84,932 | 1,417,528 | 6,692 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Repackaged instruments |
57,393,642 | 1,823,526 | 1,738,573 | 430,501 | 799,351 | 508,721 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
8,906,982 | 1,612,938 | 1,183,634 | 4,055 | 349,426 | 830,153 | — | 565 | 565 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 101,860,699 | ¥ | 8,284,593 | ¥ | 6,635,221 | ¥ | 634,609 | ¥ | 1,530,922 | ¥ | 4,417,072 | ¥ | 52,618 | ¥ | 565 | ¥ | 565 | |||||||||
A portion of the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs presented in the table above were derived from transactions between consolidated VIEs and the MUFG Group, the primary beneficiary, and were eliminated as intercompany transactions. The eliminated amounts of assets were ¥210,222 million of Cash and due from banks and Interest-earning deposits in other banks, ¥1,431 million of Trading account assets, ¥27,440 million of Investment securities, ¥235,110 million of Loans and ¥4,849 million of All other assets at March 31, 2008, and ¥176,185 million of Cash and due from banks and Interest-earning deposits in other banks, ¥902 million of Trading account assets, ¥25,708 million of Investment securities, ¥259,838 million of Loans and ¥8,428 million of All other assets at March 31, 2009. The eliminated amounts of liabilities were ¥4,137,196 million of Other short-term borrowings, ¥1,640,992 million of Long-term debt and ¥70,759 million of All other liabilities at March 31, 2009.
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In general, the creditors or beneficial interest holders of consolidated VIEs have recourse only to the assets of those VIEs and do not have recourse to other assets of the MUFG Group, except where the MUFG Group provides credit support as in the case of certain asset-backed conduits.
Maximum exposure to loss on each type of entity is determined, based on the carrying amount of any on-balance-sheet assets and any off-balance-sheet liability held, net of any recourse liabilities. Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss represents the theoretical maximum loss the MUFG Group could possibly incur at each balance sheet date and does not reflect the likelihood of ever incurring such a loss. The difference between the amount of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities and the maximum exposure to loss primarily comprises the difference between the remaining undrawn commitments and the amounts of guarantees.
Analysis of Each Transaction Category
Asset-Backed Conduits
This category primarily comprises the following:
Multi-Seller Conduits (MUFG-sponsored Asset-Backed Commercial Paper (“ABCP”) Conduits and Other ABCP Conduits)
The MUFG Group administers several conduits under asset-backed financing programs under which the conduits purchase financial assets from the MUFG Group’s customers, primarily trade accounts receivables, by issuing short-term financing instruments, primarily commercial paper, to third-party investors. Under the asset-backed financing programs, the MUFG Group acts as an agent for the conduits, which enter into agreements with the MUFG Group’s customers where the customers transfer assets to the conduits in exchange for monetary consideration. The MUFG Group also underwrites commercial paper for the conduits that is secured by the assets held by them and provides program-wide liquidity and credit support facilities to the conduits. The MUFG Group receives fees related to the services it provides to the conduits and the program-wide liquidity and credit support. Because of the program-wide credit support that the MUFG Group provides as a sponsor in respect to the financing by the conduits, it is exposed to the majority of the expected variability of the conduits. Therefore, the MUFG Group considers itself to be the primary beneficiary and consolidates the multi-seller conduits. While the MUFG Group has significant involvement with the conduits, it has never provided financial or any other support that are not contractually required to provide in the past. In addition, the assets purchased by the conduits are of high quality in their credit standing and mostly short-term in nature. Therefore, the MUFG Group believes the risks involved in these transactions are significantly limited relative to the transaction size.
In addition to the entities described above, the MUFG Group participates as a provider of financing to several conduits that are administered by third parties. Most of these conduits are established under a multi-seller asset-backed financing program and the MUFG Group provides financing along with other financial institutions. With respect to these conduits, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary because the MUFG Group’s participation in the financing is not significant relative to the total financing provided by third parties or there is sufficient funding or financial support that is subordinate to the financing provided by the MUFG Group.
Asset-Backed Conduits (MUFG-sponsored Asset-Backed Loan (“ABL”) Programs and Other Programs)
The MUFG Group administers several conduits under asset-backed financing program where the MUFG Group provides financing to fund the conduits’ purchases of financial assets, comprising primarily trade accounts receivables, from its customers. The MUFG Group acts as an agent and sponsor for the conduits, which enter into agreements with the MUFG Group’s customers where the customers transfer assets to the conduits in exchange
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for monetary consideration. In most cases the MUFG Group is the sole provider of financing that is secured by the assets held by the conduits and because of this reason, the MUFG Group is considered as the primary beneficiary. The MUFG Group has never provided financial or any other support that are not contractually required to provide in the past. In addition, the assets purchased by the conduits are of high quality in their credit standing and mostly short-term in nature. Therefore, the MUFG Group believes the risks involved in these transactions are significantly limited relative to the transaction size.
In addition, the MUFG Group is involved with entities, which take in most cases, the form of a trust, where originators of financial assets, which primarily comprise lease receivables, entrust the assets with trust banks and receive beneficial certificates in exchange. The originators then transfer the beneficiary certificates to the MUFG Group in exchange for cash. Because the MUFG Group participates in a majority of the economics generated from these entities through the beneficiary certificates that it holds, it is considered as the primary beneficiary and the MUFG Group consolidates these trusts.
The MUFG Group also participates as a provider of financing the ABL programs that are managed by third parties. The MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary of the entities used in these programs as the MUFG Group’s participation to financing is not significant relative to the total financing provided by the third parties or there is sufficient funding or financial support that is subordinate to the financing provided by the MUFG Group.
Investment Funds
This category primarily comprises the following:
Corporate Recovery Funds
These entities are established by fund managers, which are unrelated to the MUFG Group, for the purpose of investing in debt or equity instruments issued by distressed companies. After investment, the fund managers work closely with the management of the issuers and attempt to enhance corporate value by various means including corporate restructuring and reorganization. Their exit strategies include, among other things, sales to others and Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”).
Typically, these entities take the form of a limited partnership which is entirely funded by general and limited partner interests. In some cases, the general partners of the partnerships are entities that have no substantive decision making ability. The fund managers that establish these partnerships assume investment management and day-to-day operation by entering into asset management contracts with the general partners. These partnerships are, therefore, financing vehicles and as such are considered as VIEs. In other cases, the general partners have substantive decision making ability but the partnerships are considered as VIEs when the general partners’ investments in the partnerships are considered as non-substantive, usually based on the percentage interest held, and they do not have substantive limited partner interests.
The MUFG Group participates in these partnerships as a limited partner. While the MUFG Group’s share in partnership interests is limited in most cases, the MUFG Group is the only limited partner in some cases and it consolidates these partnerships as the primary beneficiary.
Private Equity Funds
The MUFG Group is involved in venture capital funds that are established by either the MUFG Group’s entities or fund managers unrelated to the MUFG Group. These entities have specific investment objectives in
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connection with their acquisition of equity interests, such as providing financing and other support to start-up businesses, medium and small entities in a particular geographical area, and to companies with certain technology or companies in a high-growth industry.
These entities typically take the form of limited partnerships and usually are entirely funded by general and limited partner interests. The general partners of the partnerships in some cases are entities that have no substantive decision making ability. The fund managers that establish these partnerships assume investment management and day-to-day operation by entering into asset management contracts with the general partners. These partnerships are therefore financing vehicles and as such are considered as VIEs. In other cases, the general partners have substantive decision making ability and the partnerships are considered as VIEs even when the general partners’ investments in the partnerships are considered as non-substantive, usually based on the percentage interest held, and they do not have substantive limited partner interests.
The MUFG Group participates in these partnerships as a general partner or a limited partner. While the MUFG Group’s share in partnership interests is limited in most cases, the MUFG Group provides most of the financing to the partnerships in some cases and it consolidates them as the primary beneficiary.
Investment Trusts
The MUFG Group invests in investment trusts that are professionally managed collective investment schemes which pool money from many investors and invest in, among others, equity and debt securities. Most of these funds take the form of a trust where there is a separation in investment decisions, which is assumed by an investment manager who has no investment in a trust, and ownership through beneficiary interests issued by a trust are owned by investors. Therefore, these investment trusts are considered as VIEs. The MUFG Group consolidates investment trusts when it owns a majority of the interests issued by investment trusts.
Buy-out Financing Vehicles
The MUFG Group provides financing to buy-out vehicles. The vehicles are established by equity investments from, among others, private equity funds or the management of target companies for the purpose of purchasing equity shares of target companies. Along with other financial institutions, the MUFG Group provides financing to buy-out vehicles in the form of loans. While the buy-out vehicles’ equity is normally substantive in amount and the rights and obligations associated with it, in some cases the vehicles have equity that is insufficient to absorb variability primarily because the amount provided by equity investors is nominal in nature. These vehicles are considered as VIEs and an assessment as to whether the MUFG Group is the primary beneficiary is required. In most cases, however, the MUFG Group mitigates its risk by requiring third-party guarantees with collateral or reducing its exposure to an adequate level by providing loans as one of several lenders. As a result, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities.
Special Purpose Entities Created for Structured Financing
This category primarily comprises the following:
Leveraged Leasing Vehicles
These entities are established to raise funds to purchase or build equipment and machinery including commercial vessels, passenger and cargo aircrafts, production equipment and other machinery, for the purpose of leasing them to lessees who use the equipment and machinery as part of their business operations. These entities typically take the form of a limited partnership or a special purpose company where they fund their purchases of
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equipment and machinery via senior and subordinate financing. In some cases, the entities are funded only by senior financing or there is a guarantee provided to the senior financing by parties unrelated to those providing the senior financing. In most cases, the MUFG Group participates in the senior financing and does not participate in the subordinate financing or provide guarantees. The subordinate financing or the third-party guarantee is substantive and would absorb expected variability generated by the assets held by the entities. In exceptional cases where there is no guarantee from a third-party or there is not sufficient subordinate financing, the MUFG Group consolidates the entities as the primary beneficiary. In some limited cases, the MUFG Group provides a residual value guarantee to the leased assets. Based on expected loss analysis, the MUFG Group determined that it does not participate in the majority of expected variability of the entities involved and does not consolidate these entities.
Project Financing Vehicles
These entities are established to raise funds in connection with, among other things, production of natural resources, construction and development of urban infrastructure (including power plants and grids, highways and ports), and the development of real estate properties or complexes. These projects typically involve special purpose companies which issue senior and subordinate financing to raise funds in connection with the various projects. The subordinate financing is usually provided by parties that will ultimately make use of the assets constructed or developed. By contrast, the senior financing is typically provided by financial institutions, including the MUFG Group. Because the MUFG Group’s participation in the financing is limited or there is sufficient subordinate financing, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities and does not consolidate these entities.
Sale and Leaseback Vehicles
The MUFG Group is involved with vehicles that acquire assets, primarily real estate, from the MUFG Group’s clients and other unrelated parties where the sellers of the assets continue to use the assets through leaseback agreements. These vehicles typically take the form of a limited partnership where the general partner has effectively no decision making ability because an equity holder of the general partner serves a perfunctory role. Therefore, these vehicles are considered as VIEs. The subordinated financing of these vehicles is usually provided by the sellers of the assets, with the MUFG Group providing senior financing for the vehicles. The subordinated financing of these entities absorbs the expected variability generated from the assets held and as such, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary.
Securitization of Client Real Estate Properties
These entities are established for the purpose of securitizing real estate properties held by the MUFG Group’s customers. In most cases, these entities take the form of a limited partnership or a special purpose company. These entities are designed to have non-substantive decision making ability because the general partner or an equity holder serves a perfunctory role. The entities are typically funded by senior and subordinated financing where the original owners of the properties provide the subordinated financing, primarily in the form of partnership interests or subordinated notes, and financial institutions, including the MUFG Group, provide senior financing in the form of senior loans. The subordinated financing of these entities absorbs the expected variability generated from the assets held and as such, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary.
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Repackaged Instruments
This category primarily comprises the following:
Investments in Financially-Engineered Products
The MUFG Group is involved in special purpose entities that have been established to issue financial products through the engineering and repackaging of existing financial instruments, such as collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and synthetic CDOs. These special purpose entities are considered as VIEs because they do not have substantive decision making ability. These special purpose entities are arranged and managed by parties that are not related to the MUFG Group. The MUFG Group’s involvement with these entities is for investment purposes. In most cases, the MUFG Group participates as one of many other investors and the MUFG Group typically holds investments in senior tranches or tranches with high credit ratings. Therefore, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary except in limited circumstances where the MUFG Group holds the majority of instruments issued by a single-tranche vehicle.
Investments in Securitized Financial Instruments
The MUFG Group holds investments in special purpose entities that issue securitized financial products. The assets held by the special purpose entities include credit card receivables and residential mortgage loans. These entities are established and managed by parties that are unrelated to the MUFG Group and the MUFG Group’s involvement with these entities is for its own investment purposes. In all cases, the MUFG Group participates as one of many other investors and the MUFG Group holds investments with high credit ratings. Therefore, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary of these entities.
Securitization of the MUFG Group’s Assets
The MUFG Group establishes entities to securitize its own financial assets that include, among others, corporate and retail loans and lease receivables. The entities used for securitization, which typically take the form of special purpose company and trusts, are established by the MUFG Group and, in most cases, issue senior and subordinate interests or financing. Where the MUFG Group retains subordinate interests or financing, it is considered as the primary beneficiary of the entities and the MUFG Group consolidates them. In some cases, all financing is provided by the MUFG Group but there is a substantive third-party guarantee, or most of the interests or financing issued by the entities is transferred to investors unrelated to the MUFG Group. In these cases, the MUFG Group does not consider itself as the primary beneficiary.
Others
This category primarily comprises the following:
Financing Vehicles of the MUFG Group’s Customers
The MUFG Group is involved with several entities that are established by the MUFG Group’s customers. These entities borrow funds from financial institutions and extend loans to their group entities. These entities effectively work as fund-raising vehicles for their respective group companies and enable the groups to achieve efficient financing by integrating their financing activities into a single entity. In all cases the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary, either because it participates as one of two or more lenders, and therefore, its participation is less than a majority, and/or there is a substantive third-party guarantee provided with respect to the MUFG Group’s loans.
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Funding Vehicles
The MUFG Group has established several wholly-owned, off-shore vehicles which issue securities, typically preferred stock that is fully guaranteed by the MUFG Group, to investors unrelated to us to fund purchases of debt instruments issued by the MUFG Group. These entities are considered as VIEs because the MUFG Group’s investment in the vehicles’ equity is not considered at risk and substantive as the entire amount raised by the vehicles was used to purchase debt instruments issued by the MUFG Group. As the third-party investors participate in the economics of these financing vehicles, as well as the vehicles themselves, these financing vehicles are not considered as the MUFG Group’s subsidiaries.
Trust Arrangements
The MUFG Group offers, primarily through its wholly-owned trust banking subsidiary, MUTB, a variety of trust products and services including securities investment trusts, pension trusts and trusts used as securitization vehicles. In a typical trust arrangement, however, the MUFG Group manages and administers assets on behalf of the customers in an agency, fiduciary and trust capacity and does not assume risks associated with the entrusted assets. The trusts are generally considered as VIEs because the trust beneficiaries, who provide all of the equity at risk, usually do not have substantive decision making ability. The MUFG Group, however, is not considered as the primary beneficiary because the trust beneficiaries receive and absorb expected losses and residual returns on the performance and operations of trust assets under management of the MUFG Group.
With respect to the jointly operated designated money in trusts, however, MUTB is exposed to the risks involved with the entrusted assets, where MUTB provides the trust beneficiaries with guarantees on the repayment of trust principal through face value guarantees. In these products, MUTB pools money from general investors and invests it in financial assets that are of high credit standing, including bank deposits, government bonds, high-quality corporate bonds and high-quality corporate loans including loans to banking account of MUTB. MUTB manages and administers the trust assets in the capacity of a trustee and receives fees as compensation for services it provides. With respect to most of the jointly operated designated money in trusts, MUTB provides, as a sponsor of the products, the face value guarantees under which it is required to compensate a loss on the stated principal of the trust beneficial interests. MUTB is not considered as the primary beneficiary of these products because the event of loss is highly remote and in fact the face value guarantee has never been called upon in the trusts’ operational history that extends over decades. In addition, the trusts have substantial investments in loans to banking account of MUTB and MUTB’s face value guarantee is considered as non-substantive to the extent of the self guarantee.
Troubled Borrowers
During the normal course of business, the borrowers from the MUFG Group may experience financial difficulties and sometimes enter into certain transactions that require the MUFG Group to assess whether they would be considered as VIEs due to their difficult financial position. While in most cases such borrowers are not considered as VIEs when the transactions take place, in limited circumstances they are considered as VIEs due to insufficient equity. In all cases, however, the MUFG Group is not considered as the primary beneficiary based on its assessment of scenario-based probability-weighted cash flow analysis.
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26. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Lease Commitments
The MUFG Group leases certain technology systems, office space and equipment under noncancelable agreements expiring through the fiscal year 2046.
Future minimum rental commitments for noncancelable leases at March 31, 2009 were as follows:
| Capitalized leases |
Operating leases | ||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||
| Fiscal year ending March 31: |
|||||||
| 2010 |
¥ | 26,486 | ¥ | 44,481 | |||
| 2011 |
20,653 | 32,842 | |||||
| 2012 |
11,779 | 27,859 | |||||
| 2013 |
4,565 | 22,199 | |||||
| 2014 |
2,296 | 11,117 | |||||
| 2015 and thereafter |
3,368 | 67,420 | |||||
| Total minimum lease payments |
69,147 | ¥ | 205,918 | ||||
| Amount representing interest |
(3,866 | ) | |||||
| Present value of minimum lease payments |
¥ | 65,281 | |||||
Total rental expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was ¥112,055 million, ¥107,289 million and ¥110,433 million, respectively.
Repayment of Excess Interest
The Japanese government is implementing regulatory reforms affecting the consumer lending industry. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Investment Deposit and Interest Rate Law, which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. The reduction in interest rates will be implemented by mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits imposed by Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel lending institutions to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.
Currently, consumer finance companies are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law so long as the payment is made voluntarily by the borrowers and the lender complies with various notice and other requirements. Accordingly, MUFG’s consumer finance subsidiaries and equity method investee have offered loans at interest rates above the Interest Rate Restriction Law, though they are in the process of lowering the interest rates to below the Interest Rate Restriction Law.
In 2006, the Supreme Court of Japan passed decisions in a manner more favorable to borrowers requiring reimbursement of previously paid interest exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law in certain circumstances. Due to such decisions and other regulatory changes, borrowers’ claims for reimbursement of excess interest significantly increased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. As a result, MUFG’s consumer finance subsidiaries increased the allowance for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. At March 31, 2008 and 2009, the allowance for repayment of excess interest established by MUFG’s consumer finance subsidiaries, which was included in Other liabilities, was ¥80,187 million and
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¥76,876 million, respectively. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, an MUFG’s equity method investee had a negative impact of ¥77,552 million, ¥2,982 million and ¥15,829 million, respectively, on Equity in losses of equity method investees in the consolidated statement of operations.
Litigation
The MUFG Group is involved in various litigation matters. Management, based upon their current knowledge and the results of consultation with counsel, makes appropriate levels of litigation reserve. Management believes that the amounts of the MUFG Group’s liabilities, when ultimately determined, will not have a material adverse effect on the MUFG Group’s results of operations and financial position.
27. FEES AND COMMISSIONS INCOME
Details of fees and commissions income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Trust fees |
¥ | 146,045 | ¥ | 156,302 | ¥ | 125,451 | |||
| Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections |
151,293 | 152,902 | 147,658 | ||||||
| Fees and commissions on international business |
70,175 | 69,717 | 64,128 | ||||||
| Fees and commissions on credit card business |
164,240 | 137,970 | 141,421 | ||||||
| Service charges on deposits |
37,457 | 36,109 | 31,586 | ||||||
| Fees and commissions on securities business |
136,596 | 130,738 | 112,143 | ||||||
| Fees on real estate business |
60,154 | 44,461 | 19,770 | ||||||
| Insurance commissions |
52,209 | 43,023 | 28,065 | ||||||
| Fees and commissions on stock transfer agency services |
73,715 | 72,292 | 62,878 | ||||||
| Guarantee fees |
88,254 | 86,317 | 77,592 | ||||||
| Fees on investment funds business |
152,861 | 161,467 | 130,654 | ||||||
| Other fees and commissions |
274,194 | 225,749 | 247,166 | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 1,407,193 | ¥ | 1,317,047 | ¥ | 1,188,512 | |||
Trust fees consist primarily of fees earned by fiduciary asset management and administration services for corporate pension plans, investment funds, etc. Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collection are earned by providing settlement services such as domestic fund remittances and domestic collection services. Fees and commissions on international business primarily consist of fees from international fund transfer and collection services, and trade-related financing services. Fees and commissions on credit card business are composed of interchange income, annual fees, royalty and other service charges from franchisees. Service charges on deposits are fees charged for deposits such as checking account deposits. Fees and commissions on securities business include underwriting, brokerage and advisory services and arrangement fees on securitizations. Fees on real estate business primarily consist of fees from real estate agent services. Insurance commissions are earned by acting as agent for insurance companies to sell insurance products. Fees and commissions on stock transfer agency services consist of fees earned primarily by stock title transfers and agency services for the calculation and payment of dividends. Guarantee fees are earned by providing guarantees on residential mortgage loans. Fees on investment funds business primarily consist of management fees for investment funds. Other fees and commissions include various arrangement fees and agent fees excluding the fees mentioned above.
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The business segment information, set forth below, is derived from the internal management reporting system used by management to measure the performance of the MUFG Group’s business segments. The business segment information, set forth below, is based on the financial information prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP as adjusted in accordance with internal management accounting rules and practices. Accordingly, the format and information is not consistent with the consolidated financial statements prepared on the basis of US GAAP. A reconciliation is provided for the total amounts of segments’ total operating profit with income from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) under US GAAP.
See Note 29 for financial information relating to the MUFG Group’s operations by geographic area. The geographic financial information is consistent with the basis of the accompanying consolidated financial statement.
The following is a brief explanation of the MUFG Group’s business segments.
Integrated Retail Banking Business Group—Covers all domestic retail businesses, including commercial banking, trust banking and securities businesses. This business group integrates the retail business of BTMU, MUTB, MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and other subsidiaries as well as retail product development, promotion and marketing in a single management structure. At the same time, the business group has developed and implemented MUFG Plaza, a one-stop, comprehensive financial services concept that provides integrated banking, trust and securities services.
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group—Covers all domestic and overseas corporate businesses, including commercial banking, investment banking, trust banking and securities businesses as well as UNBC. Through the integration of these business lines, diverse financial products and services are provided to our corporate clients. The business group has clarified strategic domains, sales channels and methods to match the different growth stages and financial needs of our corporate customers. UNBC is a bank holding company, whose primary subsidiary, Union Bank, is one of the largest commercial banks in California by both total assets and total deposits. Union Bank provides a wide range of financial services to consumers, small businesses, middle market companies and major corporations, primarily in California, Oregon and Washington but also nationally and internationally. As a result of the tender offer that was completed in September 2008, and the second-step merger that was completed in November 2008, UNBC became MUFG’s wholly owned subsidiary.
Integrated Trust Assets Business Group—Covers asset management and administration services for products such as pension trusts and security trusts by integrating the trust banking expertise of MUTB and the global network of BTMU. The business group provides a full range of services to corporate and other pension funds, including stable and secure pension fund management and administration, advice on pension schemes, and payment of benefits to scheme members.
Global Markets—Consists of the treasury operations of BTMU and MUTB. Global Markets also conducts asset liability management and liquidity management and provides various financial operations such as money markets and foreign exchange operations and securities investments.
Other—Consists mainly of the corporate centers of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB. The elimination of duplicated amounts of net revenue among business segments is also reflected in Other.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Effective April 1, 2008, there were changes made in the managerial accounting methods, including those regarding revenue and expense distribution among MUFG’s business segments. The presentation set forth below has been reclassified to conform to the new basis of managerial accounting.
| (in billions) |
Integrated Retail Banking Business Group |
Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group | Integrated Trust Assets Business Group |
Global Markets |
Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | Overseas | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other than UNBC |
UNBC | Overseas total |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,304.1 | ¥ | 1,283.3 | ¥ | 301.4 | ¥ | 324.3 | ¥ | 625.7 | ¥ | 1,909.0 | ¥ | 194.2 | ¥ | 380.1 | ¥ | 14.9 | ¥ | 3,802.3 | ||||||||||||||
| BTMU and MUTB: |
690.9 | 1,063.3 | 210.8 | — | 210.8 | 1,274.1 | 80.5 | 375.6 | (36.8 | ) | 2,384.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income |
489.9 | 515.8 | 126.2 | — | 126.2 | 642.0 | 1.2 | 276.5 | (41.4 | ) | 1,368.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fees |
170.6 | 396.4 | 58.3 | — | 58.3 | 454.7 | 80.6 | (10.9 | ) | (17.2 | ) | 677.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
30.4 | 151.1 | 26.3 | — | 26.3 | 177.4 | (1.3 | ) | 110.0 | 21.8 | 338.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other than BTMU and MUTB* |
613.2 | 220.0 | 90.6 | 324.3 | 414.9 | 634.9 | 113.7 | 4.5 | 51.7 | 1,418.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
917.1 | 537.0 | 178.7 | 200.8 | 379.5 | 916.5 | 103.8 | 57.7 | 176.8 | 2,171.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 387.0 | ¥ | 746.3 | ¥ | 122.7 | ¥ | 123.5 | ¥ | 246.2 | ¥ | 992.5 | ¥ | 90.4 | ¥ | 322.4 | ¥ | (161.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,630.4 | |||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,332.7 | ¥ | 1,171.8 | ¥ | 301.5 | ¥ | 296.4 | ¥ | 597.9 | ¥ | 1,769.7 | ¥ | 198.5 | ¥ | 290.6 | ¥ | 28.6 | ¥ | 3,620.1 | ||||||||||||||
| BTMU and MUTB: |
742.2 | 990.6 | 193.4 | — | 193.4 | 1,184.0 | 84.5 | 286.0 | (36.3 | ) | 2,260.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income |
578.6 | 516.4 | 105.3 | — | 105.3 | 621.7 | 1.0 | 179.8 | (19.6 | ) | 1,361.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fees |
144.9 | 357.2 | 52.5 | — | 52.5 | 409.7 | 83.2 | (14.5 | ) | (12.3 | ) | 611.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
18.7 | 117.0 | 35.6 | — | 35.6 | 152.6 | 0.3 | 120.7 | (4.4 | ) | 287.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other than BTMU and MUTB* |
590.5 | 181.2 | 108.1 | 296.4 | 404.5 | 585.7 | 114.0 | 4.6 | 64.9 | 1,359.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
955.9 | 573.6 | 183.8 | 187.6 | 371.4 | 945.0 | 98.5 | 59.0 | 190.5 | 2,248.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 376.8 | ¥ | 598.2 | ¥ | 117.7 | ¥ | 108.8 | ¥ | 226.5 | ¥ | 824.7 | ¥ | 100.0 | ¥ | 231.6 | ¥ | (161.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,371.2 | |||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenue |
¥ | 1,319.6 | ¥ | 952.7 | ¥ | 350.8 | ¥ | 256.8 | ¥ | 607.6 | ¥ | 1,560.3 | ¥ | 171.1 | ¥ | 311.6 | ¥ | (24.0 | ) | ¥ | 3,338.6 | |||||||||||||
| BTMU and MUTB: |
736.4 | 810.7 | 255.9 | — | 255.9 | 1,066.6 | 72.1 | 303.3 | (79.7 | ) | 2,098.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income |
616.0 | 475.8 | 110.6 | — | 110.6 | 586.4 | 0.9 | 230.2 | 18.9 | 1,452.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fees |
110.3 | 337.3 | 97.8 | — | 97.8 | 435.1 | 72.5 | (15.1 | ) | (38.8 | ) | 564.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
10.1 | (2.4 | ) | 47.5 | — | 47.5 | 45.1 | (1.3 | ) | 88.2 | (59.8 | ) | 82.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other than BTMU and MUTB* |
583.2 | 142.0 | 94.9 | 256.8 | 351.7 | 493.7 | 99.0 | 8.3 | 55.7 | 1,239.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
977.0 | 569.4 | 171.6 | 157.3 | 328.9 | 898.3 | 93.3 | 62.3 | 181.9 | 2,212.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) |
¥ | 342.6 | ¥ | 383.3 | ¥ | 179.2 | ¥ | 99.5 | ¥ | 278.7 | ¥ | 662.0 | ¥ | 77.8 | ¥ | 249.3 | ¥ | (205.9 | ) | ¥ | 1,125.8 | |||||||||||||
| * | Includes MUFG and its subsidiaries other than BTMU and MUTB. |
Reconciliation
As set forth above, the measurement bases and the income and expenses items covered are very different between the internal management reporting system and the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Therefore, it is impracticable to present reconciliations of the business segments’ total information, other than operating profit, to corresponding items in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
A reconciliation of the operating profit under the internal management reporting system for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 above to income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) shown on the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Operating profit: |
¥ | 1,630 | ¥ | 1,371 | ¥ | 1,126 | ||||||
| Provision for credit losses |
(359 | ) | (386 | ) | (627 | ) | ||||||
| Trading account profits (losses)—net |
199 | 81 | (392 | ) | ||||||||
| Equity investment securities losses—net |
(11 | ) | (224 | ) | (538 | ) | ||||||
| Debt investment securities gains (losses)—net |
234 | (1,197 | ) | (104 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net |
(223 | ) | 1,433 | (48 | ) | |||||||
| Equity in losses of equity method investees |
(57 | ) | (34 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||
| Impairment of goodwill |
— | (894 | ) | (846 | ) | |||||||
| Impairment of intangible assets |
(185 | ) | (79 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||||
| Minority interest in loss (income) of consolidated subsidiaries |
(17 | ) | (39 | ) | 36 | |||||||
| Provision for repayment of excess interest |
— | (3 | ) | (48 | ) | |||||||
| Other—net |
(76 | ) | (17 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
¥ | 1,135 | ¥ | 12 | ¥ | (1,728 | ) | |||||
Foreign operations include the business conducted by overseas offices, as well as international business conducted from domestic offices, principally several international banking-related divisions of BTMU’s and MUTB’s Head Office in Tokyo, and involve various transactions with debtors and customers residing outside Japan. Close integration of the MUFG Group’s foreign and domestic activities makes precise estimates of the amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations difficult and necessarily subjective. Assets, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations are allocated to geographical areas based on the domicile of the debtors and customers.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Generally, interest rates with respect to funds borrowed and loaned between domestic and foreign operations are based on prevailing money market rates appropriate for the transactions. In general, the MUFG Group has allocated all direct expenses and a proportionate share of general and administrative expenses to income derived from foreign loans and other transactions by the MUFG Group’s foreign operations. The following table sets forth estimated total assets at March 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and estimated total revenue, total expense, income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) and net income (loss) for the respective fiscal years then ended:
| Domestic | Foreign | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | United States of America |
Europe | Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
Other areas(1) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue(2) |
¥ | 3,667,946 | ¥ | 1,191,629 | ¥ | 540,653 | ¥ | 270,158 | ¥ | 193,279 | ¥ | 5,863,665 | |||||||||||
| Total expense(3) |
3,431,105 | 728,720 | 286,173 | 186,650 | 96,086 | 4,728,734 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expense |
236,841 | 462,909 | 254,480 | 83,508 | 97,193 | 1,134,931 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income |
63,027 | 248,884 | 169,174 | 44,204 | 55,999 | 581,288 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year(4) |
145,510,242 | 19,453,015 | 12,735,831 | 6,692,219 | 4,538,162 | 188,929,469 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue(2) |
¥ | 4,690,998 | ¥ | 228,069 | ¥ | 699,785 | ¥ | 442,056 | ¥ | 84,017 | ¥ | 6,144,925 | |||||||||||
| Total expense(3) |
4,410,795 | 745,661 | 607,989 | 258,143 | 109,982 | 6,132,570 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
280,203 | (517,592 | ) | 91,796 | 183,913 | (25,965 | ) | 12,355 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
(227,095 | ) | (637,319 | ) | 121,257 | 232,242 | (31,521 | ) | (542,436 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year(4) |
140,607,568 | 20,620,865 | 19,970,118 | 8,318,426 | 6,249,106 | 195,766,083 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue(2) |
¥ | 2,924,414 | ¥ | 568,655 | ¥ | 233,703 | ¥ | 329,672 | ¥ | 14,449 | ¥ | 4,070,893 | |||||||||||
| Total expense(3) |
4,255,471 | 771,697 | 469,444 | 219,205 | 83,044 | 5,798,861 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) |
(1,331,057 | ) | (203,042 | ) | (235,741 | ) | 110,467 | (68,595 | ) | (1,727,968 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
(1,064,387 | ) | (223,501 | ) | (229,462 | ) | 119,442 | (70,132 | ) | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year |
142,996,407 | 23,092,047 | 14,981,793 | 7,473,868 | 4,955,302 | 193,499,417 | |||||||||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. |
| (2) | Total revenue is comprised of Interest income and Non-interest income. |
| (3) | Total expense is comprised of Interest expense, Provision for credit losses and Non-interest expense. |
| (4) | The effects of adoption of FSP FIN No. 39-1 on the estimated total assets at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows: |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| Domestic | Foreign | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Japan | United States of America |
Europe | Asia/Oceania excluding Japan |
Other areas |
||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
| As previously reported |
||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 143,106,520 | ¥ | 19,215,047 | ¥ | 12,672,389 | ¥ | 6,671,657 | ¥ | 4,537,298 | ¥ | 186,202,911 | ||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year |
136,672,848 | 19,980,528 | 19,584,983 | 8,245,060 | 6,248,367 | 190,731,786 | ||||||||||||
| As adjusted |
||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 145,510,242 | ¥ | 19,453,015 | ¥ | 12,735,831 | ¥ | 6,692,219 | ¥ | 4,538,162 | ¥ | 188,929,469 | ||||||
| Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets at end of fiscal year |
140,607,568 | 20,620,865 | 19,970,118 | 8,318,426 | 6,249,106 | 195,766,083 | ||||||||||||
The following is an analysis of certain asset and liability accounts related to foreign activities at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| 2008(1) | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Cash and due from banks |
¥ | 593,080 | ¥ | 384,326 | ||
| Interest-earning deposits in other banks |
5,795,209 | 2,696,266 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 6,388,289 | ¥ | 3,080,592 | ||
| Trading account assets |
¥ | 6,325,632 | ¥ | 16,486,676 | ||
| Investment securities |
¥ | 11,911,318 | ¥ | 3,223,798 | ||
| Loans—net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and deferred loan fees |
¥ | 21,214,828 | ¥ | 23,024,766 | ||
| Deposits |
¥ | 19,350,699 | ¥ | 17,117,994 | ||
| Funds borrowed: |
||||||
| Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions |
¥ | 7,857,525 | ¥ | 4,720,582 | ||
| Other short-term borrowings |
2,051,554 | 2,672,063 | ||||
| Long-term debt |
3,841,507 | 3,848,553 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 13,750,586 | ¥ | 11,241,198 | ||
| Trading account liabilities |
¥ | 3,514,267 | ¥ | 4,138,599 | ||
Note:
| (1) | The effects of adoption of FSP FIN No.39-1 on trading account assets and trading account liabilities at March 31, 2008 were as follows: |
| As previously reported |
As adjusted | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Trading account assets |
¥ | 5,227,474 | ¥ | 6,325,632 | ||
| Trading account liabilities |
¥ | 2,616,821 | ¥ | 3,514,267 | ||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Effective April 1, 2008, the MUFG Group adopted SFAS No. 157 for all financial assets and liabilities measured and disclosed on a fair basis. In accordance with FSP SFAS No. 157-2, the nonrecurring nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which the MUFG Group has not applied the provisions of SFAS No. 157 include premises and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill measured at fair value for impairment. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, for example, the reporting entity’s own data. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the following three-level hierarchy is established by SFAS No. 157:
| Ÿ | Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. |
| Ÿ | Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments. |
| Ÿ | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instruments. |
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The MUFG Group has an established and documented process for determining fair values in accordance with SFAS No. 157. When available, quoted market prices are used to determine fair value. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or non-market-based parameters, such as interest rates, yield curves, foreign exchange rates, volatilities and credit curves. The fair values of liabilities are determined by discounting future cash flows at a rate which incorporates the MUFG Group’s own creditworthiness. In addition, valuation adjustments may be made to ensure the financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments include, but not limited to, amounts that reflect counterparty credit quality, liquidity risk and model risk.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies adopted by the MUFG Group to measure fair values of certain financial instruments. The discussion includes the general classification of such financial instruments in accordance with the valuation hierarchy, a brief explanation of the valuation techniques, the significant inputs to those models, and any additional significant assumptions.
Interest-earning Deposits in Other Banks
Certain interest-earning deposits are measured at fair value by using discounted cash flows due to adoption of SFAS No. 159. Cash flows are estimated based on the terms of the contracts and discounted by markets rates applicable to the maturity of the contracts, which are adjusted to reflect credit risks on counterparties. As the inputs into the valuation are readily observable, these deposits are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
Receivables Under Resale Agreements
Certain receivables under resale agreements are measured at fair value by using discounted cash flows due to adoption of SFAS No. 159. Cash flows are estimated based on the terms of the contracts and discounted by the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
interest rates applicable to the maturity of the contracts, which are adjusted to reflect credit risks on counterparties. These receivables are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Trading Securities
When quoted prices are available in an active market, the MUFG Group adopts the quoted market prices to measure the fair values of securities and such securities are classified in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Examples of Level 1 securities include certain Japanese and foreign government bonds and exchange traded equity securities.
When quoted market prices are available but not traded actively, such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. When quoted market prices are not available, the MUFG Group estimates fair values by using internal valuation techniques, quoted price of securities with similar characteristics or non-binding prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. Examples of such instruments include commercial paper, certain prefectural and municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and asset-backed securities. Such securities are generally classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
When there is less liquidity for securities or significant inputs adopted to the fair value measurements are less observable, such securities are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Examples of such Level 3 securities include collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) backed by general corporate loans that are measured by weighting the estimated amounts from the internal models and the non-binding quotes from the independent broker-dealers. The weight of the broker-dealer quote is determined based on the result of inquiries to the broker -dealers for their basis of the fair value calculation. Key inputs of the internal models include projected cash flow through an analysis of underlying loans, probability of default which incorporates market indices such as LCDX which is an index of loan credit default swaps, repayment rate and discount rate reflecting liquidity premiums based on historical market data. The MUFG Group has adopted this valuation method for the CLOs backed by general corporate loans from the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. See Note 1, “Change in Accounting Estimates” section for details of the change in valuation method.
Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Derivatives
Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Examples of Level 1 derivative include security future transactions and interest rate future transactions. However, the majority of the derivative contracts entered into by the MUFG Group are traded over-the-counter and valued using internally developed techniques as there are no quoted market prices existed for such instruments. The valuation models and inputs vary depending on the types and contractual terms of the derivative instruments. The principal models adopted to value those instruments include discounted cash flows, Black-Scholes model and Hull-White model. The key inputs include interest rate yield curve, foreign currency exchange rate, volatility, credit quality of the counterparty or the MUFG Group and spot price of the underlying. These models are commonly accepted in the financial industry and key inputs to the models are readily observable from an actively quoted market. Derivative instruments valued by such models and inputs are generally classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Examples of such Level 2 derivatives include plain interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts and currency option contracts.
Derivatives that are valued based on models with significant unobservable input are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Examples of Level 3 derivatives include long-term interest rate or currency swaps and certain credit derivatives, where significant inputs such as volatility, credit curves and the correlation of such inputs are unobservable.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Investment Securities
Investment securities include available for sale debt and equity securities, whose fair values are measured using the same methodologies as the trading securities described above except for certain private placement bonds issued by Japanese non-public companies. Fair values of certain private placement bonds issued by Japanese non-public companies are measured based on discounted cash flow methods by using discount rate applicable to the maturity of the bonds, which are adjusted to reflect credit risk of issuers. The private placement bonds are generally utilized to finance medium or small size non-public companies as an alternative of loans. These bonds are classified in either Level 2 or Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy depending on the significance of the adjustment for unobservable credit worthiness input. This account also includes investments in nonmarketable equity securities which are subject to specialized industry accounting practice in AICPA Guides. The valuation of such nonmarketable equity securities involves significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, lack of liquidity and the long term nature of these assets. Further, there may be restriction of transfer on nonmarketable equity securities. The MUFG Group values such securities initially at transaction price and subsequently adjusts valuations considering evidence such as current sales transactions of similar securities, initial public offerings, recent equity issuances and change in financial condition of an investee company. Nonmarketable equity securities are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Other Assets
Other assets measured at fair value mainly consist of securities that may be sold or repledged under securities lending transactions under SFAS No. 140, money in trust for segregating cash deposited by customers on security transactions and non-trading derivative assets. The securities under lending transaction mainly consist of certain Japanese and foreign government bonds which are valued using the methodologies described in the “Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Trading Securities” above.
Money in trust for segregating cash deposited by customers on security transactions mainly consists of certain Japanese government bonds which are valued using the methodologies described in the “Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Trading Securities” above and is included in Level 1 or Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy depending on the component assets.
The fair values of non-trading derivative are measured using the methodologies described in the “Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Derivatives” above.
Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral
Obligations to return securities received as collateral under the securities lending transactions are measured at fair values of the securities received as collateral. The securities received as collateral consist primarily of certain Japanese and foreign government bonds, whose fair values are measured using the methodologies described in the “Trading Accounts Assets and Liabilities—Trading Securities” above.
Deposits, Other Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt
Certain deposits, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt are measured at fair values due to adoption of SFAS No. 159. These instruments under the fair value option are measured principally using internally developed models such as the discounted cash flow method. Where the inputs into the valuation are mainly based on observable inputs, these instruments are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where significant inputs are unobservable, they are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Market Valuation Adjustments
Counterparty credit risk adjustments are applied to certain financial assets such as over-the-counter derivatives. As not all counterparties have the same credit rating, it is necessary to take into account the actual
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
credit rating of a counterparty to arrive at the fair value. In addition, the counterparty credit risk adjustment takes into account the effect of credit risk mitigants such as pledged collateral and legal right of offsets with the counterparty.
Own credit risk adjustments which reflect own creditworthiness are applied to financial liabilities measured at fair value in accordance with the requirements of SFAS No. 157.
Liquidity adjustments are applied mainly to the instruments classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when recent prices of such instruments are not able to be observable in inactive or less active market. The liquidity adjustments are based on the facts and circumstances of the markets including the availability of external quotes and the time since the latest available quote.
Model valuation adjustments such as unobservable parameter valuation adjustments may be provided when the fair values of instruments are determined based on internally developed models. Examples of such adjustments include adjustments to the model price of certain derivative financial instruments where parameters such as correlation are unobservable. Unobservable parameter valuation adjustments are applied to mitigate the possibility of error in the model based estimate value.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the financial instruments carried at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2009:
| March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||
| Assets |
|||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: |
|||||||||||||
| Trading securities(1) |
¥ | 13,132,900 | ¥ | 5,256,792 | ¥ | 1,906,009 | ¥ | 20,295,701 | |||||
| Trading derivative assets |
24,073 | 9,596,896 | 364,855 | 9,985,824 | |||||||||
| Investment securities: |
|||||||||||||
| Securities available for sales |
26,909,603 | 3,144,820 | 3,335,664 | 33,390,087 | |||||||||
| Other investment securities |
— | 1,128 | 42,681 | 43,809 | |||||||||
| Others(2) |
597,822 | 238,905 | 18,312 | 855,039 | |||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 40,664,398 | ¥ | 18,238,541 | ¥ | 5,667,521 | ¥ | 64,570,460 | |||||
| Liabilities |
|||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities: |
|||||||||||||
| Trading securities sold, not yet purchased |
¥ | 98,114 | ¥ | 4,842 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 102,956 | |||||
| Trading derivative liabilities |
86,412 | 8,942,829 | 360,364 | 9,389,605 | |||||||||
| Obligations to return securities received as collateral |
2,557,116 | 151,684 | — | 2,708,800 | |||||||||
| Others(3) |
— | 532,624 | (133,087 | ) | 399,537 | ||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 2,741,642 | ¥ | 9,631,979 | ¥ | 227,277 | ¥ | 12,600,898 | |||||
Notes:
| (1) | Include securities under fair value option. |
| (2) | Include interest-earning deposits in other banks, receivables under resale agreements, securities under lending transactions, money in trust for segregating cash deposited by customers on security transactions and non-trading derivatives. |
| (3) | Include deposits, other short-term borrowings, long-term debt and bifurcated embedded derivatives carried at fair value. |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Changes in Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents a reconciliation of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within Level 3, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or Level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. The following tables reflect gains and losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 for all assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 at March 31, 2009, including those transferred from or into Level 3 during the year.
| April 1, 2008(1) |
Total realized/ unrealized gains (losses) |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements |
Transfer in of Level 3— beginning of period(2) |
Transfer out of Level 3— end of period(2) |
March 31, 2009 |
Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Included in earnings |
Included in other comprehensive income |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading securities(3) |
¥ | 3,883,824 | ¥ | (719,313 | )(4) | ¥ | — | ¥ | (215,528 | ) | ¥ | 12,400 | ¥ | (1,055,374 | )(7) | ¥ | 1,906,009 | ¥ | (375,940 | )(4) | ||||||||||
| Trading derivatives (Net) |
77,620 | 29,733 | (4) | (19,430 | ) | (49,772 | ) | 5,577 | (39,237 | ) | 4,491 | 26,838 | (4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale |
3,542,099 | (10,654 | )(5) | (116,335 | ) | (271,657 | ) | 285,054 | (92,843 | ) | 3,335,664 | (31,977 | )(5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investment securities |
65,090 | (18,321 | )(6) | (894 | ) | (5 | ) | — | (3,189 | ) | 42,681 | (18,800 | )(6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Others |
76,845 | 21,336 | (6) | (24,347 | ) | (19,456 | ) | — | (36,066 | ) | 18,312 | 175 | (6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 7,645,478 | ¥ | (697,219 | ) | ¥ | (161,006 | ) | ¥ | (556,418 | ) | ¥ | 303,031 | ¥ | (1,226,709 | ) | ¥ | 5,307,157 | ¥ | (399,704 | ) | |||||||||
| Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others |
¥ | 432,149 | ¥ | (164,782 | )(6) | ¥ | 285,349 | ¥ | 374 | ¥ | — | ¥ | (445,043 | ) | ¥ | (133,087 | ) | ¥ | 28,826 | (6) | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 432,149 | ¥ | (164,782 | ) | ¥ | 285,349 | ¥ | 374 | ¥ | — | ¥ | (445,043 | ) | ¥ | (133,087 | ) | ¥ | 28,826 | |||||||||||
Notes:
| (1) | The amounts of assets categorized in Level 3 at April 1, 2008, which were reported in the Form 6-K for the six months ended September 30, 2008, have been restated as follows: |
| April 1, 2008 | ||||||
| As previously reported (Unaudited) |
As restated | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Assets |
||||||
| Trading account assets: |
||||||
| Trading securities |
¥ | 4,289,989 | ¥ | 3,883,824 | ||
| Trading derivatives (Net) |
66,752 | 77,620 | ||||
| Investment securities: |
||||||
| Securities available for sales |
3,979,858 | 3,542,099 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 8,478,534 | ¥ | 7,645,478 | ||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
| (2) | Adopted the fair values as of the beginning of the fiscal year for transfer in and the fair values as of the end of the fiscal year for transfer out. |
| (3) | Include trading securities under fair value option. |
| (4) | Included in trading account profits (losses)—net and in foreign exchange gains (losses)—net. |
| (5) | Included in investment securities gains (losses)—net. |
| (6) | Included in trading account profits (losses)—net. |
| (7) | See Note 5 for the reclassification of certain foreign investment securities. |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain financial assets may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or writedowns of individual assets. The following table presents the carrying value of financial instruments by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2009, with a nonrecurring change in fair value which has been recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009:
| March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total carrying value |
Total losses | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||
| Assets |
|||||||||||||||
| Investment securities |
¥ | — | ¥ | — | ¥ | 24,912 | ¥ | 24,912 | ¥ | 40,640 | |||||
| Loans |
6,117 | 42,391 | 394,677 | 443,185 | 229,889 | ||||||||||
| Other Assets |
222,563 | 1,905 | 35,487 | 259,955 | 67,656 | ||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 228,680 | ¥ | 44,296 | ¥ | 455,076 | ¥ | 728,052 | ¥ | 338,185 | |||||
Investment securities mainly include nonmarketable equity securities which were written down to fair value during the period. The fair values are determined based on recent financial position and projected future cash flows of investees.
Loans include loans held for sale and collateral dependent loans under SFAS No. 114. Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of the loans held for sale is based on secondary market, recent transaction or discounted cash flows. These loans are principally classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, and when quoted prices are available but not traded actively, such loans held for sale are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
The collateral dependent loans under SFAS No. 114 are measured at fair value of the underlying collateral. Collaterals are comprised mainly of real estate and exchange traded equity securities. The MUFG Group maintains an established process for determining the fair value of real estate, using valuation techniques, including, but not limited to, the valuation derived mainly from current transaction prices of comparable assets and discounted cash flow models. Loans impaired under SFAS No. 114 that are based on underlying real estate collateral are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Other assets mainly consist of investments in equity method investees which were written down to fair value due to impairment. When investments in equity method investees are marketable equity securities, the fair values are determined based on quoted market price. Impaired investments in equity method investees which are marketable equity securities are classified in either Level 1 or Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. When investments in equity method investees are nonmarketable equity securities, the fair values are determined using the same methodologies as impaired nonmarketable equity securities described above. Impaired investments in equity method investees which are nonmarketable equity securities are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Fair Value Option
SFAS No. 159 allows entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities and certain other items at fair value that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are required to be reported in income. Effective April 1, 2008, the MUFG Group elected the fair value option for foreign securities held by BTMU and MUTB, which were previously classified as securities available for sale. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates as the gains and losses on translation of these securities were reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources, while the gains and losses on translation of foreign currency-denominated financial liabilities were included in current earnings.
The MUFG Group also elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by MUS’s foreign subsidiaries, because those financial instruments are managed on a fair value basis, and these exposures are considered to be trading-related positions. These financial assets are included in Interest-earning deposits in other banks and Receivables under resale agreements. These financial liabilities are included in Interest-bearing deposits, Other short-term borrowings and Long-term debt. Unrealized gains and losses on such financial instruments are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following table presents the gains or losses recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 related to the eligible instruments for which the MUFG Group elected the fair value option and the related net gains upon adoption recorded as an increase to opening shareholders’ equity at April 1, 2008:
| Balance sheet April 1, 2008 prior to adoption |
Net gains upon adoption |
Balance sheet April 1, 2008 after adoption of fair value option |
Trading account profits (losses) fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
Foreign exchange losses fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
Total changes in fair value included in earnings during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning deposits in other banks |
¥ | 13,133 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 13,133 | ¥ | 115 | ¥ | — | ¥ | 115 | ||||||||||
| Receivables under resale agreements(1) |
54,989 | — | 54,989 | 21,382 | — | 21,382 | ||||||||||||||||
| Trading account securities (Previously classified as securities available for sale) |
10,448,079 | 33,950 | (2) | 10,448,079 | (301,077 | ) | (565,247 | ) | (866,324 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 10,516,201 | ¥ | 33,950 | ¥ | 10,516,201 | ¥ | (279,580 | ) | ¥ | (565,247 | ) | ¥ | (844,827 | ) | |||||||
| Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits in overseas offices: Interest-bearing deposits(1) |
¥ | 28,491 | ¥ | 340 | ¥ | 28,151 | ¥ | (3,485 | ) | ¥ | — | ¥ | (3,485 | ) | ||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings(1) |
5,458 | — | 5,458 | (1,331 | ) | — | (1,331 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt(1) |
642,979 | 15,964 | 627,015 | (234,614 | ) | — | (234,614 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total |
¥ | 676,928 | ¥ | 16,304 | ¥ | 660,624 | ¥ | (239,430 | ) | ¥ | — | ¥ | (239,430 | ) | ||||||||
| Pre-tax cumulative effect of adopting the fair value option |
50,254 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in deferred income taxes |
(17,275 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of adopting the fair value option |
¥ | 32,979 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Notes:
| (1) | Change in value attribute to the instrument-specific credit risk related to those financial assets and liabilities are not material. |
| (2) | Net gains upon adoption were reclassified from accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008. |
The following table presents the differences between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2009, for long-term receivables and debt instruments for which the fair value option has been elected:
| Remaining aggregate contractual amounts outstanding |
Fair value | Fair value over (under) remaining aggregate contractual amounts outstanding |
||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||
| Financial Assets: |
||||||||||
| Receivables under resale agreements |
¥ | 35,909 | ¥ | 36,066 | ¥ | 157 | ||||
| Total |
¥ | 35,909 | ¥ | 36,066 | ¥ | 157 | ||||
| Financial Liabilities: |
||||||||||
| Deposits in overseas offices: Interest-bearing deposits |
¥ | 4,214 | ¥ | 4,235 | ¥ | 21 | ||||
| Long-term debt |
719,697 | 532,641 | (187,056 | ) | ||||||
| Total |
¥ | 723,911 | ¥ | 536,876 | ¥ | (187,035 | ) | |||
Interest income and expense and dividend income related to the assets and liabilities for which the fair value option is elected are measured based on the contractual rates specified in the transactions and reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as either interest income or expense, depending on the nature of the related asset or liability.
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
SFAS No. 107 requires disclosure of fair value of certain financial instruments and methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following is a summary of carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2008 and 2009:
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||
| Carrying amount |
Estimated fair value |
Carrying amount |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||
| (in billions) | ||||||||||||
| Financial assets: |
||||||||||||
| Cash, due from banks, call loans and funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions |
¥ | 27,057 | ¥ | 27,057 | ¥ | 16,350 | ¥ | 16,350 | ||||
| Trading account assets, excluding derivatives |
9,882 | 9,882 | 20,296 | 20,296 | ||||||||
| Investment securities |
42,072 | 42,424 | 37,491 | 37,728 | ||||||||
| Loans, net of allowance for credit losses |
97,867 | 98,704 | 99,154 | 100,455 | ||||||||
| Other financial assets(1) |
5,322 | 5,322 | 4,667 | 4,670 | ||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments: |
||||||||||||
| Trading activities(1) |
8,562 | 8,562 | 9,986 | 9,986 | ||||||||
| Activities qualifying for hedges |
16 | 16 | 27 | 27 | ||||||||
| Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits, call money and funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions |
¥ | 35,595 | ¥ | 35,595 | ¥ | 35,663 | ¥ | 35,663 | ||||
| Interest-bearing deposits |
112,414 | 112,399 | 111,095 | 111,215 | ||||||||
| Trading account liabilities, excluding derivatives |
227 | 227 | 103 | 103 | ||||||||
| Obligations to return securities received as collateral |
5,095 | 5,095 | 2,709 | 2,709 | ||||||||
| Due to trust account |
1,461 | 1,461 | 1,797 | 1,797 | ||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings |
6,017 | 6,017 | 7,867 | 7,867 | ||||||||
| Long-term debt |
13,675 | 13,713 | 13,273 | 13,191 | ||||||||
| Other financial liabilities |
3,959 | 3,959 | 4,633 | 4,633 | ||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments: |
||||||||||||
| Trading activities(1) |
7,735 | 7,735 | 9,390 | 9,390 | ||||||||
| Note | : |
| (1) | The balances of Trading activities for Financial assets and Financial liabilities at March 31, 2008 have been adjusted from ¥3,529 billion and ¥2,701 billion to ¥8,562 billion and ¥7,735 billion, respectively. Other financial assets have been adjusted from ¥5,321 billion to ¥5,322 billion. See Note 1 “Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures” under “Accounting Changes” section for the detail. |
Not all of the financial instruments held by the MUFG Group are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair value of financial instruments within the scope of SFAS No. 107 that are not recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets are summarized below:
Cash, Due from Banks, Call Loans and Funds Sold, and Receivables Under Resale Agreements and Securities Borrowing Transactions—For cash, due from banks including interest-earning deposits, call loans and funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature and limited credit risk.
Investment Securities—The fair values of investment securities other than those classified as available for sale or being held to maturity (i.e., nonmarketable equity securities) are not readily determinable as they do not have quoted market prices or secondary market prices available. The fair values of certain nonmarketable equity
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
securities, such as preferred stock convertible to marketable common stock in the future, issued by public companies are determined by utilizing commonly accepted valuation models, such as option pricing models. It is not practicable for the MUFG Group to estimate the fair value of other nonmarketable securities issued by nonpublic companies for which a quoted market price is not available. For these securities, the MUFG Group is unable to estimate fair value without incurring undue cost because they comprise investments in numerous unlisted companies and each investment represents an insignificant percentage relative to each company. Therefore, the above summary does not include the carrying amounts of such investment securities. The amounts not included in the above summary are ¥78 billion and ¥146 billion at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
Loans—The fair values of loans are estimated for groups with similar characteristics, including type of loan, credit quality and remaining maturity. In incorporating the credit risk factor, management concluded that the allowance for credit losses adequately adjusts the related book values for credit risk. For floating- or adjustable-rate loans, which mature or are repriced within a short period of time, the carrying values are considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair values. For fixed-rate loans, market prices are not generally available and the fair values are estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows based on the contracted maturity of the loans. The discount rates are based on the current market rates corresponding to the applicable maturity. Where quoted market prices or estimated fair values are available, primarily for loans to refinancing countries, loans held for sales and certain other foreign loans, the fair values are based on such market prices and estimated fair values, including secondary market prices. For impaired loans, the fair values are generally determined on an individual basis by discounting the estimated future cash flows and may be based on the appraisal value of underlying collateral as appropriate.
Other Financial Assets—The estimated fair values of other financial assets, which primarily include accrued interest receivable, customers’ acceptance liabilities and accounts receivable, approximate their carrying amounts. The above summary does not include the carrying amounts of investments in equity method investees amounting to ¥504 billion and ¥556 billion at March 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
Non-interest-bearing Deposits, Call Money and Funds Purchased, Payables Under Repurchase Agreements and Securities Lending Transactions, and Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral—The fair values of non-interest-bearing deposits are equal to the amounts payable on demand. For call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions and obligations to return securities received as collateral, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature and limited credit risk.
Interest–bearing Deposits—The fair values of demand deposits, deposits at notice, and certificates of deposit maturing within a short period of time are the amounts payable on demand. Fair values of time deposits and certificates of deposit maturing after a short period of time are estimated by discounting the estimated cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities or the applicable current market rates.
Due to Trust Account—For due to trust account, which represents a temporary placement of excess funds from individual trust accounts managed by the trust banking subsidiary in their fiduciary and trust capacity, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of the fair value since its nature is similar to short-term funding, including demand deposits and other overnight funds purchased, in a manner that the balance changes in response to the day-to-day changes in excess funds placed by the trust accounts.
Other Short-term Borrowings—For most other short-term borrowings, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature. For certain borrowings, fair values are estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using applicable current market interest rates or comparable rates for similar instruments, which represent the MUFG Group’s cost to raise funds with a similar remaining maturity.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Long-term Debt—For certain unsubordinated and subordinated debt, the fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices of the instruments. The fair values of other long-term debt are estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on rates applicable to the MUFG Group for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.
Other Financial Liabilities—The estimated fair values of other financial liabilities, which primarily include accrued interest payable, bank acceptances, accounts payable and obligations under standby letters of credit and guarantees, approximate their carrying amounts. The fair values of obligations under standby letters of credit and guarantees are based on fees received or receivable by the MUFG Group.
The fair values of certain off-balance-sheet financial instruments held for purposes other than trading, including commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit, are estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the credit quality. The aggregate fair value of such instruments at March 31, 2008 and 2009 was not material.
The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management at March 31, 2008 and 2009. These amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since that date and, therefore, current estimates of fair values may have changed significantly from the amounts presented herein.
The following describes stock-based compensation plans of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB, MUS and UNBC and the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R.
MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS
MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS elected to introduce a stock-based compensation plan for directors, executive officers and corporate auditors (“officers”) and obtained the necessary shareholder approval at their respective ordinary general meetings held in June 2007, while abolishing the retirement gratuities program for these officers.
Following the approval, MUFG resolved at the meeting of the Board of Directors to issue stock compensation type stock options (“Stock Acquisition Rights”) to officers of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS. Usually, the Stock Acquisition Rights would be issued and granted to these officers once a year as a replacement of the former retirement gratuities program.
The class of shares to be issued or transferred on exercise of the Stock Acquisition Rights is common stock of MUFG. The number of shares to be issued or transferred on exercise of each Stock Acquisition Right (“number of granted shares”) is 100 shares. In the event of stock split or stock merger of common stock of MUFG, the number of granted shares shall be adjusted in accordance with the ratio of stock split or stock merger. If any events occur that require the adjustment of the number of granted shares (e.g., mergers, consolidations, corporate separations or capital reductions of MUFG), MUFG shall appropriately adjust the number of granted shares to a reasonable extent.
The contractual term of the Stock Acquisition Rights is approximately 30 years from the date of grant. Some of the Stock Acquisition Rights vest on the date of grant and the rest of the rights graded-vest depending on the holder’s service period as officers. The Stock Acquisition Rights are only exercisable after the date on which the following conditions are met: (1) holder as a director or an executive officer loses the status of both director and executive officer, (2) holder as a corporate auditor loses the status of a corporate auditor. The exercise price is ¥1 per share.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
The following is a summary of the Stock Acquisition Rights transactions of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009:
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||
| Number of shares |
Weighted-average exercise price |
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) |
Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions) | ||||||||
| Outstanding, beginning of the period |
2,798,000 | ¥ | 1 | ||||||||
| Granted |
3,263,600 | 1 | |||||||||
| Exercised |
(612,200 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
| Forfeited or Expired |
(56,800 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
| Outstanding, end of the period |
5,392,600 | ¥ | 1 | 29.04 | ¥ | 2,561 | |||||
| Exercisable, end of the period |
— | ¥ | — | — | ¥ | — | |||||
The fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses the assumptions described in the following table. The risk-free rate is based on the Japanese government bonds yield curve in effect at the date of grant based on the expected term. The expected volatility is based on the historical data from traded common stock of MUFG. The expected term is based on the average service period of officers of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS, which represents the expected outstanding period of the Stock Acquisition Rights granted. The expected dividend yield is based on the dividend rate of common stock of MUFG at the date of grant.
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, |
||||||
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| Risk-free interest rate |
0.95 | % | 1.03 | % | ||
| Expected volatility |
31.07 | % | 33.07 | % | ||
| Expected term (in years) |
4 | 4 | ||||
| Expected dividend yield |
1.02 | % | 1.43 | % | ||
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights granted during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and 2009 was ¥103,200 and ¥92,300.
The MUFG Group recognized ¥2,408 million and ¥2,583 million of compensation cost related to the Stock Acquisition Rights with ¥980 million and ¥1,051 million of corresponding tax benefit during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and 2009. As of March 31, 2009, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to the Stock Acquisition Rights was ¥562 million and it is expected to be recognized over a period of 3 months.
Cash received from exercise of the Stock Acquisition Rights for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 was ¥1 million. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from exercise of the Stock Acquisition Rights was ¥630 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
MUS
Under the Code and the Company Law, companies are permitted to purchase their own shares in the market in order to implement a stock option plan when approved by the shareholders.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Pursuant to resolutions approved at the general shareholders’ meetings, MUS offers stock option plans which provide directors, executive officers, eligible employees and certain other persons with options to purchase shares (at the respective exercise prices stipulated in each plan) as follows:
| Date of approval at the shareholders’ meeting |
Exercise period |
Shares | ||
| June 29, 2000 |
July 1, 2002 to June 30, 2005 | 2,057,000 | ||
| June 28, 2001 |
July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2006 | 2,272,000 | ||
| June 29, 2005 |
September 20, 2005 to March 31, 2006 | 1,992,060 | ||
| Total |
6,321,060 | |||
The plans provide for the granting of stock options having an exercise price not less than the market value of MUS’s common stock on the date of grant. The following table presents the stock option transactions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007:
| 2007 | ||||||
| Number of shares |
Weighted-average exercise price | |||||
| Outstanding, beginning of fiscal year |
310,000 | ¥ | 812 | |||
| Exercised |
(202,000 | ) | 812 | |||
| Forfeited |
(108,000 | ) | 812 | |||
| Outstanding, end of fiscal year |
— | ¥ | — | |||
| Exercisable, end of fiscal year |
— | ¥ | — | |||
MUS has not granted or modified any stock options after April 1, 2006, the effective date of SFAS No. 123R.
UNBC
On November 4, 2008, all outstanding awards under the management stock plans discussed below were canceled in exchange for the right to receive the cash value of those awards. These plans were terminated in December 2008, and no additional awards will be granted under these plans.
Prior to their termination, UNBC had two management stock plans. The Year 2000 UnionBanCal Corporation Management Stock Plan, as amended (the “2000 Stock Plan”), and the UnionBanCal Corporation Management Stock Plan, restated effective June 1, 1997 (the “1997 Stock Plan”), had 20.0 million and 6.6 million shares, respectively, of UNBC’s common stock authorized to be awarded to key employees, outside directors and consultants of UNBC at the discretion of the Executive Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Employees on rotational assignment from BTMU are not eligible for stock awards.
The Committee determined the term of each stock option grant, up to a maximum of ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price of the options issued under the stock plans could not be less than the fair market value on the date the option was granted. Beginning in 2006, the value of options was recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period during which the employees were required to provide service. Prior to January 1, 2006, UNBC’s unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested restricted stock reduced retained earnings. The adoption of SFAS No. 123R resulted in an increase of unappropriated retained earnings and a decrease of capital surplus by ¥1,468 million, respectively, in the consolidated financial statements. The
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value of the restricted stock at the date of grant was recognized as compensation expense over its vesting period with a corresponding credit adjustment to capital surplus. All cancelled or forfeited options and restricted stock became available for future grants. SFAS No. 123R requires the cash flows resulting from the tax benefits of tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for share-based compensation awards (i.e., excess tax benefits) to be classified as financing cash flows. The ¥6,266 million of the excess tax benefits and ¥10,931 million of the exercise of stock options are classified as other cash inflows from financing activities, and ¥21,063 million of share-based compensation payouts as a result of privatization is classified as cash outflows from financing activities, in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Under the 2000 Stock Plan, UNBC granted stock options and restricted stock. Additionally under the Plan, UNBC issued shares of common stock upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units, stock units and performance shares settled in common stock. Under the 1997 Stock Plan, UNBC issued shares of common stock upon exercise of outstanding stock options. UNBC issued new shares of common stock for all awards under the stock plans. After taking into account the outstanding stock options and restricted stock, as well as the maximum number of shares that might be issued upon vesting and settlement of outstanding restricted stock units, stock units and performance shares settled in common stock, a total of 3,692,736 shares, 1,095,526 shares and zero shares were available for future grants under the 2000 Stock Plan at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The remaining shares under the 1997 Stock Plan were not available for future grants.
The Committee determined that performance share awards granted in 2006 and later were to be redeemed in shares.
Stock Options
Under the 2000 Stock Plan, UNBC granted options to various key employees, including policy-making officers, and to non-employee directors for selected years. Under both the 1997 and 2000 Stock Plans, options granted to employees vest pro-rata on each anniversary of the grant date and became fully exercisable three years from the grant date, provided that the employee had completed the specified continuous service requirement. Generally, the options could vest earlier if the employee died, was permanently disabled, or retired under certain grant, age, and service conditions or terminated employment under certain conditions. Options granted to non-employee directors were fully vested on the grant date and exercisable 33 1/3 % on each anniversary under the 1997 Stock Plan, and were fully vested and exercisable on the grant date under the 2000 Stock Plan.
The following is a summary of stock option transactions under the stock plans:
| For the year ended December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||
| Number of shares |
Weighted-average exercise price |
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) |
Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands) | ||||||||
| Options outstanding, beginning of the period(1) |
9,673,146 | $ | 51.14 | ||||||||
| Granted |
823,610 | 51.06 | |||||||||
| Exercised |
(2,307,005 | ) | 47.58 | ||||||||
| Forfeited |
(101,195 | ) | 58.11 | ||||||||
| Cancellation of options |
(8,088,556 | ) | 52.06 | ||||||||
| Options outstanding, end of the period(1) |
— | $ | — | — | $ | — | |||||
| Options exercisable, end of the period |
— | $ | — | — | $ | — | |||||
Note:
| (1) | Options not expected to vest are included in options outstanding. Amounts are not material. |
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The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model and using the assumptions noted in the following table. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was applied to option tranches based on expected terms that result in ranges of input assumptions, such ranges are disclosed below. Expected volatilities were based on historical data and implied volatilities from traded options on UNBC’s stock, and other factors. UNBC used historical data to estimate option exercise and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of an option granted was derived from the output of the option valuation model, which was based on historical data and represented the period of time that the option granted was expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant based on the expected term.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average fair value—per share |
$ | 12.31 | $ | 7.04 | $ | 7.21 | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rates (a range for 1 to 7 year tenors) |
4.3 - 5.05 | % | 3.71 | % | 2.2 - 3.3 | % | ||||||
| Expected volatility |
16.6 - 22.9 | % | 16.9 - 21.0 | % | 22.2 - 27.4 | % | ||||||
| Weighted-average expected volatility |
19.4 | % | 19.8 | % | 24.3 | % | ||||||
| Expected term (in years) |
3.4 - 5.4 | 3.8 - 4.4 | 3.9 - 4.4 | |||||||||
| Weighted-average expected dividend yield |
2.7 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.4 | % | ||||||
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $37.9 million, $16.0 million and $44.5 million, with a corresponding tax benefit of $13.5 million, $5.7 million and $15.9 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options that were canceled and settled in cash during 2008 as a result of the Company's privatization was $173.4 million with a corresponding tax benefit of $61.6 million. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $28.9 million, $20.5 million and $13.0 million, respectively.
UNBC recognized $22.4 million, $13.0 million and $23.8 million of compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements related to stock option awards with $8.4 million, $5.0 million and $9.2 million of corresponding tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, compensation cost of $12.8 million with a corresponding tax benefit of $4.9 million was recorded for the acceleration of expense due to UNBC's privatization. As of December 31, 2008, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option awards as a result of UNBC's privatization.
Restricted Stock
In general, restricted stock awards were granted under the 2000 Stock Plan to key employees, and in 2005, to non-employee directors. The awards of restricted stock granted to employees vest pro-rata on each anniversary of the grant date and became fully vested four years from the grant date, provided that the employee had completed the specified continuous service requirement. Generally, they vested earlier if the employee died, was permanently and totally disabled, retired under certain grant, age, and service conditions or terminates employment under certain conditions. The awards of restricted stock granted to existing non-employee directors in 2005 vested in full in July 2006. Restricted stockholders had the right to vote their restricted shares and receive dividends. The grant date fair value of awards was equal to the closing price on date of grant.
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The following is a summary of UNBC’s nonvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2008 and changes during the period ended December 31, 2008:
| For the year ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||
| Number of shares | Weighted-average grant date fair value | |||||
| Nonvested restricted awards, beginning of the period |
881,117 | $ | 59.00 | |||
| Granted |
50,787 | 46.64 | ||||
| Vested |
(900,004 | ) | 58.35 | |||
| Forfeited |
(31,900 | ) | 58.13 | |||
| Nonvested restricted awards, end of the period |
— | $ | — | |||
The total fair value of the restricted stock awards vested was $8.8 million during 2006, $15.6 million during 2007 and $52.5 million during 2008, with a corresponding tax benefit of $3.1 million, $5.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively. In 2008, the fair value of the restricted stock awards vested included $44.4 million, with a corresponding tax benefit of $20.1 million, related to UNBC's privatization.
UNBC recognized $14.4 million, $14.4 million and $41.6 million of compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements related to restricted stock awards with $5.4 million, $5.5 million and $16.0 million of corresponding tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, compensation cost of $29.1 million with a corresponding tax benefit of $11.2 million was recorded for the acceleration of expense due to the Company's privatization. At December 31, 2008, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted awards.
Restricted Stock Units and Stock Units
Starting in 2006, UNBC granted restricted stock units to non-employee directors. These restricted stock units consisted of an annual grant, and in the case of new non-employee directors, an annual grant and an initial grant. In general, the annual grant vests in full on the first anniversary of the grant date, and the initial grant vests in three equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. The grant date fair value of awards was equal to the closing price on date of grant. During 2008, UNBC granted 25,410 restricted stock units with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $41.41 per unit. There were no restricted stock units forfeited during 2008. The total fair value of the restricted stock units that vested or cancelled during the year ended December 31, 2008 was $2.8 million. UNBC recognized $0.3 million, $1.0 million and $2.4 million of compensation cost with a corresponding $0.1 million, $0.4 million and $0.9 million in tax benefits related to these grants in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, compensation cost of $1.1 million with a corresponding tax benefit of $0.4 million was recorded for the acceleration of expense due to UNBC's privatization. As of December 31, 2008, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units.
The restricted stock unit participants did not have voting or other stockholder rights. However, the participants’ stock unit accounts received dividend equivalents, reflecting the aggregate dividends earned based on the total number of restricted stock units outstanding, in the form of additional restricted stock units. Participants could elect to defer the delivery of vested shares of common stock at predetermined dates as defined in the plan agreements. UNBC issued new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon vesting and settlement of these grants, which were redeemable only in shares.
Non-employee directors could irrevocably elect to defer all or a portion of the cash retainer and/or fees payable to them for services on the Board of Directors and its committees in the form of stock units. At the time
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of deferral, a bookkeeping account was established on behalf of the director and credited with a number of fully vested stock units. The director received a number of stock units equal to the number of shares of common stock when the deferred compensation was payable. Dividend equivalents were credited to the stock unit accounts. Stock units had no voting rights. UNBC issued new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon settlement of the stock units.
As a result of UNBC’s privatization, all restricted stock units and stock units were cancelled and either paid out in cash in 2008 or deferred based on the participant’s prior elections or applicable tax requirements and recorded as a liability.
Performance Share Plan
Effective January 1, 1997, UNBC established a Performance Share Plan. At the discretion of the Committee, eligible participants would earn performance share awards to be redeemed in cash and/or shares three years after the date of grant. Performance shares were linked to stockholder value in two ways: (1) the market price of UNBC’s common stock; and (2) return on equity, a performance measure closely linked to value creation. Eligible participants generally received grants of performance shares annually. The plan was amended in 2004 increasing the total number of shares that can be granted under the plan to 2.6 million shares. The following is a summary of shares granted and available for future grants under the Performance Share Plan:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||
| Performance shares: |
||||||
| Granted |
62,100 | 70,614 | 91,750 | |||
| Available for future grant, year end |
2,132,333 | 2,063,219 | — | |||
Performance Shares—Redeemable in Cash
All performance shares granted prior to 2006 were redeemable in cash and therefore were accounted for as liabilities. The value of a performance share under the liability method was equal to the average month-end closing price of the UNBC’s common stock for the final six months of the performance period. All cancelled or forfeited performance shares would become available for future grants. The following is a summary of performance shares that are redeemable in cash under the Performance Share Plan:
| For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||
| Fair value of performance shares that vested |
$ | 9.4 | $ | 6.7 | — | ||||
| Cash payments made for performance shares that vested |
$ | 5.8 | $ | 7.8 | $ | 5.7 | |||
| Fair value of performance shares that vested and deferred |
$ | 0.3 | — | — | |||||
| Performance shares compensation expense |
$ | 1.8 | $ | 1.7 | — | ||||
| Tax benefit related to compensation expense |
$ | 0.7 | $ | 0.6 | — | ||||
| Liability for cash settlement of performance shares, year end |
$ | 11.7 | $ | 5.7 | — | ||||
The compensation cost related to these grants that are redeemable in cash was fully recognized as of December 31, 2007.
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Performance Shares—Redeemable in Shares
Prior to UNBC's privatization, performance shares granted in 2006 and thereafter were redeemable in shares. UNBC issued new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon vesting and settlement of these grants that were redeemable in shares.
As a result of UNBC’s privatization, performance shares that were redeemable in shares under the Performance Share Plan were canceled and will be settled in cash. A liability has been established for the amount to be settled in 2009.
The following is a summary of performance shares that are redeemable in shares under the Performance Share Plan:
| For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||||
| (in millions, except the number of shares and per share amounts) | |||||||||
| Performance shares granted |
62,100 | 70,614 | 91,750 | ||||||
| Weighted average grant date fair value—per share |
$ | 69.96 | $ | 63.10 | $ | 51.42 | |||
| Performance shares forfeited |
1,050 | 1,500 | — | ||||||
| Fair value of performance shares that vested during the year |
$ | 0.2 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 21.0 | |||
| Performance shares compensation expense |
$ | 2.8 | $ | 4.8 | $ | 14.0 | |||
| Tax benefit related to compensation expense |
$ | 1.1 | $ | 1.8 | $ | 5.4 | |||
| Liability for cash settlement of performance shares, year end |
— | — | $ | 25.3 | |||||
As of December 31, 2008, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to grants that were redeemable in shares as a result of UNBC’s privatization.
32. PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Distributions of retained earnings of BTMU and MUTB are restricted in order to meet the minimum capital adequacy requirements under the Banking Law. Also, retained earnings of these banking subsidiaries are restricted, except for ¥2,904,807 million, in accordance with the statutory reserve requirements under the Company Law at March 31, 2009 (see Notes 20 and 21).
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The following table presents the parent company only financial information of MUFG:
Condensed Balance Sheets
| 2008 | 2009 | |||||
| (in millions) | ||||||
| Assets: |
||||||
| Cash and interest-earning deposits with banks |
¥ | 50,140 | ¥ | 33,602 | ||
| Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
9,393,894 | 7,329,382 | ||||
| Preferred stock investment in Morgan Stanley |
— | 927,944 | ||||
| Other assets |
118,504 | 82,150 | ||||
| Total assets |
¥ | 9,562,538 | ¥ | 8,373,078 | ||
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity: |
||||||
| Short-term borrowings from subsidiaries |
¥ | 174,000 | ¥ | 1,032,670 | ||
| Long-term debt from subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
332,645 | 720,373 | ||||
| Long-term debt |
549,900 | 330,051 | ||||
| Other liabilities |
15,878 | 55,089 | ||||
| Total liabilities |
1,072,423 | 2,138,183 | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity |
8,490,115 | 6,234,895 | ||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
¥ | 9,562,538 | ¥ | 8,373,078 | ||
Condensed Statements of Operations
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Income: |
||||||||||||
| Dividends from subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
¥ | 500,776 | ¥ | 514,883 | ¥ | 241,129 | ||||||
| Dividends from Morgan Stanley |
— | — | 43,041 | |||||||||
| Management fees from subsidiaries |
11,749 | 13,970 | 16,985 | |||||||||
| Interest income |
228 | 477 | 651 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net |
(51 | ) | 139 | 42,531 | ||||||||
| Other income |
557 | 452 | 6,043 | |||||||||
| Total income |
513,259 | 529,921 | 350,380 | |||||||||
| Expense: |
||||||||||||
| Operating expenses |
9,592 | 13,000 | 15,404 | |||||||||
| Interest expense to subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
15,008 | 10,660 | 34,436 | |||||||||
| Interest expense |
6,719 | 6,301 | 5,247 | |||||||||
| Other expense |
3,294 | 1,193 | 1,758 | |||||||||
| Total expense |
34,613 | 31,154 | 56,845 | |||||||||
| Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
105,074 | (1,044,933 | ) | (1,740,354 | ) | |||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |
583,720 | (546,166 | ) | (1,446,819 | ) | |||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) |
2,432 | (3,730 | ) | 21,221 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 581,288 | ¥ | (542,436 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||
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Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| Operating activities: |
||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) |
¥ | 581,288 | ¥ | (542,436 | ) | ¥ | (1,468,040 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments and other |
5,268 | 1,035,759 | 1,793,971 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities |
586,556 | 493,323 | 325,931 | |||||||||
| Investing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of stock investment in subsidiaries and an affiliated company |
— | 1,792 | 24,002 | |||||||||
| Purchases of equity investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
— | (148,541 | ) | (941,617 | ) | |||||||
| Purchases of other investment securities |
— | — | (927,944 | ) | ||||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in interest-earning deposits with banks |
(4,683 | ) | (3,406 | ) | 21,267 | |||||||
| Proceeds from capital repayment by a subsidiary |
52,085 | 118,018 | — | |||||||||
| Other—net |
571 | 5,988 | (1,495 | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
47,973 | (26,149 | ) | (1,825,787 | ) | |||||||
| Financing activities: |
||||||||||||
| Net increase in short-term borrowings from subsidiaries |
12,980 | 116,620 | 879,460 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt to a subsidiary and affiliated companies |
1,415 | 500 | 391,997 | |||||||||
| Repayment of long-term debt |
(25,000 | ) | (125,000 | ) | (220,000 | ) | ||||||
| Repayment of long-term debt to subsidiaries and affiliated companies |
(289,429 | ) | (163,998 | ) | (3,700 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of stock issue expenses |
— | — | 278,725 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of stock issue expenses |
— | — | 388,623 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of treasury stock |
62,984 | 781 | 184,617 | |||||||||
| Payments to acquire treasury stock |
(292,182 | ) | (151,365 | ) | (238,842 | ) | ||||||
| Dividends paid |
(103,060 | ) | (141,182 | ) | (153,260 | ) | ||||||
| Other—net |
(3,105 | ) | 979 | (3,035 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
(635,397 | ) | (462,665 | ) | 1,504,585 | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(868 | ) | 4,509 | 4,729 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year |
4,892 | 4,024 | 8,533 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal year |
¥ | 4,024 | ¥ | 8,533 | ¥ | 13,262 | ||||||
33. SEC REGISTERED FUNDING VEHICLES ISSUING NON-DILUTIVE PREFERRED SECURITIES
In February 2006, MUFG established MUFG Capital Finance 1 Limited, MUFG Capital Finance 2 Limited and MUFG Capital Finance 3 Limited, wholly owned funding vehicles in the Cayman Islands, for the issuance of preferred securities to enhance the flexibility of its capital management.
On March 17, 2006, MUFG Capital Finance 1 Limited, MUFG Capital Finance 2 Limited and MUFG Capital Finance 3 Limited registered with the SEC and issued $2,300,000,000 in 6.346% non-cumulative
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preferred securities, €750,000,000 in 4.850% non-cumulative preferred securities and ¥120,000,000,000 in 2.680% non-cumulative preferred securities (collectively, the “Preferred Securities”), respectively. Total net proceeds before expenses were approximately $4.17 billion. All of the ordinary shares of MUFG Capital Finance 1 Limited, MUFG Capital Finance 2 Limited and MUFG Capital Finance 3 Limited are owned by MUFG. MUFG fully and unconditionally guarantees the payment of dividends and payments on liquidation or redemption of the obligations under the Preferred Securities.
The Preferred Securities entitle holders to receive a non-cumulative preferential cash dividend starting on July 25, 2006 and on January 25 and July 25 of each year thereafter. The finance subsidiaries will not be obligated to pay dividends on the Preferred Securities upon the occurrence of certain events relating to the financial condition of MUFG. From July 25, 2016, dividends on the Preferred Securities will be re-calculated at a floating rate per annum.
The dollar-denominated and euro-denominated preferred securities are subject to redemption on any dividend payment date on or after July 25, 2016. The yen-denominated preferred securities are subject to redemption on any dividend payment date on or after July 25, 2011. All the Preferred Securities are subject to redemption in whole (but not in part) at any time upon the occurrence of specified events, in each case at the option of each of the funding vehicles and subject to necessary government approvals.
The Preferred Securities are non-dilutive and not convertible into MUFG’s common shares. The Preferred Securities were included as part of MUFG’s Tier I capital at March 31, 2008 and 2009 under its capital adequacy requirements.
These funding vehicles are not consolidated in accordance with FIN No. 46R as more fully discussed in Note 25. The funds raised through such funding vehicles are primarily loaned to the MUFG Group and presented as Long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008 and 2009.
34. EVENTS SINCE MARCH 31, 2009
Approval of Dividends
On June 26, 2009, the shareholders approved the payment of cash dividends to the shareholders of record on March 31, 2009, of ¥30.00 per share of Class 3 Preferred Stock, ¥43.00 per share of Class 5 Preferred Stock, ¥2.65 per share of Class 11 Preferred Stock, totaling ¥9, 708 million, and ¥5.00 per share of Common stock, totaling ¥58, 237 million.
MUTB’s termination to acquisition of NikkoCiti Trust and Banking
In December 2008, MUTB entered into an agreement with Nikko Citi Holdings Inc. and Citigroup International LLC under which MUTB will purchase all of the issued shares of NikkoCiti Trust and Banking Corporation for ¥25 billion in cash, subject to certain purchase price adjustments as well as pending regulatory approvals and other closing conditions. However, on May 14, 2009, MUTB agreed with Nikko Citi Holdings Inc. to cease from acquiring all of the issued shares of Nikko Citi Holdings Inc. due to the changes in its business environment and strategy.
Strategic Global Alliance with Morgan Stanley
On May 22, 2009, MUFG acquired, for $705 million, an additional 29,375,000 shares of Morgan Stanley common stock in public offerings. At the same time, MUFG sold back to Morgan Stanley 640,909 of the non-cumulative non-convertible perpetual preferred stock for total consideration of $705 million.
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On June 11, 2009, MUFG acquired, for approximately $471 million, an additional 17,178,055 shares of Morgan Stanley common stock relating to a second public offering. As a result of these transactions, MUFG’s voting interest in Morgan Stanley remains at approximately 20% on a fully diluted basis. MUFG recorded those newly acquired Morgan Stanley common stock, representing approximately 3.4% of voting rights, as available for sale investments in its balance sheet.
Through MUFG’s capital alliance with Morgan Stanley, MUFG plans to pursue a global strategic alliance in corporate and investment banking, retail, investment and other businesses. On June 30, 2009, MUFG announced that the scope of the strategic alliance was expanded, from plans originally announced in March 2009, into new geographies and businesses. These include:
| Ÿ | A global alliance in corporate and investment banking consisting of the creation of Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC. This loan marketing joint venture will generate attractive credit opportunities for both companies and provide clients in the U.S., Canada and Latin America (subject to clearance of any regulatory requirement in each jurisdiction) access to expanded, world-class lending and capital markets services; |
| Ÿ | A business referral arrangements in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, which will cover a number of products and services including capital markets, loans, fixed income sales and other ancillary businesses; |
| Ÿ | A referral agreement for commodities transactions executed outside of Japan, which enables BTMU to refer its clients to the Morgan Stanley Capital Group for commodity transactions and receive referral fees upon deal completion; and |
| Ÿ | Secondment of personnel to share best practices and expertise across a variety of business areas. |
Incorporation of the Joint Holding Company of Bank of Ikeda and Senshu Bank
On May 25, 2009, BTMU, Senshu Bank, a consolidated subsidiary of BTMU, and The Bank of Ikeda (“Bank of Ikeda”) entered into a business integration agreement. Under the term of this agreement, Senshu Bank and Bank of Ikeda plan to establish a new holding company, to be incorporated on October 1, 2009. It is expected that BTMU will have approximately 36% of voting rights of common stock issued by the new holding company. In order to respect the business independence of the new financial group, consisting of Bank of Ikeda, Senshu Bank and the new holding company, BTMU plans to divest a part of its share, and intends to exclude the new holding company from an equity method affiliate of MUFG by September 30, 2014.
Issuance of “Non-dilutive” Preferred Securities by a Special Purpose Company
On May 28, 2009, MUFG established MUFG Capital Finance 9 Limited, a special purpose company in the Cayman Islands, for the issuance of preferred securities to strengthen the capital base of BTMU.
On July 29, 2009, MUFG Capital Finance 9 Limited issued ¥130 billion in series A non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.52% per annum until January 2020 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after January 2020, ¥110 billion in series B non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.02% per annum until January 2020 and a step up floating dividend rate after January 2020, and ¥130 billion in series C non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities with a fixed dividend rate of 4.02% per annum until January 2015 and a non-step up floating dividend rate after January 2015. These securities are expected to be accounted for as MUFG’s Tier I capital under the BIS capital adequacy requirements.
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MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Stock Compensation Type Stock Options (Stock Acquisition Rights)
On July 14, 2009, MUFG allotted the directors, executive officers and corporate auditors of MUFG, BTMU, MUTB and MUS stock acquisition rights to acquire an aggregate amount of 5,655,800 shares of MUFG’s common stock. The stock acquisition rights have an exercise price of ¥1 per common share, and are exercisable until July 13, 2039.
Redemption of “Non-dilutive” Preferred Securities Issued by a Special Purpose Company
On July 27, 2009, Sanwa Capital Finance 2 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, redeemed in total ¥130 billion of non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities. These securities were previously accounted for as part of MUFG’s Tier I capital at March 31, 2009 under the BIS capital adequacy requirements.
* * * * *
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Signature
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
| MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. | ||
| By: |
/s/ NOBUO KUROYANAGI | |
| Name: | Nobuo Kuroyanagi | |
| Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer | |
Date: September 2, 2009
Table of Contents
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | Description | |
| 1(a) | Articles of Incorporation of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 26, 2009. (English translation) | |
| 1(b) | Board of Directors Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 29, 2006. (English translation)* | |
| 1(c) | Corporation Meetings Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on July 31, 2006. (English translation)* | |
| 1(d) | Share Handling Regulations of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as amended on June 26, 2009. (English Translation) | |
| 2(a) | Form of American Depositary Receipt.* | |
| 2(b) | Form of Deposit Agreement, amended and restated as of December 22, 2004, among Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. (subsequently renamed Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.), The Bank of New York Mellon and the holders from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder.* | |
| 4(a) | Share Exchange Agreement, dated May 28, 2008, between Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (English translation)** | |
| 4(b) | Agreement and Plan of Merger among UnionBanCal Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Merger Sub, dated as of August 18, 2008.** | |
| 4(c) | Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., the first amendment thereto entered into on October 3, 2008, the second amendment thereto entered into on October 8, 2008 and the third amendment thereto entered into on October 13, 2008, and Amended Certificate of Designations of Preferences and Rights of the 10% Series B Non-Cumulative Non-Voting Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock ($1,000 Liquidation Preference per Share) of Morgan Stanley and Certificate of Designations of Preferences and Rights of the 10% Series C Non-Cumulative Non-Voting Perpetual Preferred Stock ($1,000 Liquidation Preference per Share) of Morgan Stanley. | |
| 4(d) | Investor Agreement dated as of October 13, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., and the first amendment thereto entered into on October 27, 2008. | |
| 4(e) | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 13, 2008 by and between Morgan Stanley and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. | |
| 8 | Subsidiaries of the Company—see “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.” | |
| 11 | Ethical framework and code of conduct, compliance rules, compliance manual and rules of employment of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. applicable to its directors and managing officers, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. (English translation of relevant sections)*** | |
| 12 | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)). | |
| 13 | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). | |
| 15 | Consent of independent registered public accounting firm. | |
Notes:
| * | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 28, 2006. |
| ** | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 19, 2008. |
| *** | Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 333-98061-99) filed on September 21, 2007. |