Year ended 31 December
|
Note
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Gross premiums earned
|
36,663
|
32,832
|
|||
Outward reinsurance premiums
|
(1,157)
|
(799)
|
|||
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance
|
35,506
|
32,033
|
|||
Investment return
|
3,304
|
25,787
|
|||
Other income
|
2,495
|
2,306
|
|||
Total revenue, net of reinsurance
|
41,305
|
60,126
|
|||
Benefits and claims
|
(30,547)
|
(50,736)
|
|||
Outward reinsurers’ share of benefit and claims
|
1,389
|
631
|
|||
Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
(498)
|
(64)
|
|||
Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds,
net of reinsurance
|
(29,656)
|
(50,169)
|
|||
Acquisition costs and other expenditure
|
B3
|
(8,208)
|
(6,752)
|
||
Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
|
(312)
|
(341)
|
|||
Disposal of Japan life business:
|
|||||
Cumulative exchange loss recycled from other comprehensive income
|
D1
|
(46)
|
-
|
||
Remeasurement adjustments
|
D1
|
-
|
(13)
|
||
Total charges, net of reinsurance
|
(38,222)
|
(57,275)
|
|||
Share of profits from joint ventures and associates, net of related tax
|
238
|
303
|
|||
Profit before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders’ and policyholders’ returns)*
|
3,321
|
3,154
|
|||
Less tax charge attributable to policyholders' returns
|
(173)
|
(540)
|
|||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
|
B1.1
|
3,148
|
2,614
|
||
Total tax charge attributable to policyholders and shareholders
|
B5
|
(742)
|
(938)
|
||
Adjustment to remove tax charge attributable to policyholders' returns
|
173
|
540
|
|||
Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns
|
B5
|
(569)
|
(398)
|
||
Profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company
|
2,579
|
2,216
|
Earnings per share (in pence)
|
2015
|
2014
|
|||
Based on profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company:
|
B6
|
||||
Basic
|
101.0p
|
86.9p
|
|||
Diluted
|
100.9p
|
86.8p
|
|||
Dividends per share (in pence)
|
2015
|
2014
|
||
Dividends relating to reporting year:
|
B7
|
|||
Interim dividend
|
12.31p
|
11.19p
|
||
Second interim dividend / Final dividend
|
26.47p
|
25.74p
|
||
Special dividend
|
10.00p
|
|||
Total
|
48.78p
|
36.93p
|
||
Dividends declared and paid in reporting year:
|
B7
|
|||
Current year interim dividend
|
12.31p
|
11.19p
|
||
Final dividend for prior year
|
25.74p
|
23.84p
|
||
Total
|
38.05p
|
35.03p
|
*
|
This measure is the formal profit before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.
|
|
This is principally because the corporate taxes of the Group include those on the income of consolidated with-profits and unit-linked funds that, through adjustments to benefits, are borne by policyholders. These amounts are required to be included in the tax charge of the Company under IAS 12. Consequently, the profit before all taxes measure (which is determined after deducting the cost of policyholder benefits and movements in the liability for unallocated surplus of the PAC with-profits fund after adjusting for taxes borne by policyholders) is not representative of pre-tax profits attributable to shareholders.
|
Year ended 31 December
|
Note
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Profit for the year
|
2,579
|
2,216
|
||
Other comprehensive income:
|
||||
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
|
||||
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges:
|
||||
Exchange movements arising during the year
|
68
|
215
|
||
Cumulative exchange loss of Japan life business recycled through profit or loss
|
46
|
-
|
||
Related tax
|
4
|
5
|
||
118
|
220
|
|||
Net unrealised valuation movements on securities of US insurance operations classified as available-for-sale:
|
||||
Net unrealised holding (losses) gains arising during the year
|
(1,256)
|
1,039
|
||
Less: net gains included in the income statement on disposal and impairment
|
(49)
|
(83)
|
||
Total
|
C3.3
|
(1,305)
|
956
|
|
Related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs
|
C5.1(b)
|
337
|
(87)
|
|
Related tax
|
339
|
(304)
|
||
(629)
|
565
|
|||
Total
|
(511)
|
785
|
||
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
|
||||
Shareholders' share of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes:
|
||||
Gross
|
27
|
(12)
|
||
Related tax
|
(5)
|
2
|
||
22
|
(10)
|
|||
Other comprehensive (loss) income for the year, net of related tax
|
(489)
|
775
|
||
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to the equity holders of the Company
|
2,090
|
2,991
|
||
Year ended 31 December 2015 £m
|
||||||||||
Share
capital
|
Share
premium
|
Retained
earnings
|
Translation
reserve
|
Available
-for-sale
securities
reserves
|
Shareholders'
equity
|
Non-
controlling
interests
|
Total
equity
|
|||
Note
|
note C10
|
note C10
|
||||||||
Reserves
|
||||||||||
Profit for the year
|
-
|
-
|
2,579
|
-
|
-
|
2,579
|
-
|
2,579
|
||
Other comprehensive income:
|
||||||||||
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges, net of related tax
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
118
|
-
|
118
|
-
|
118
|
||
Net unrealised valuation movements, net of related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs and related tax
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(629)
|
(629)
|
-
|
(629)
|
||
Shareholders’ share of actuarial
gains and losses on
defined benefit pension schemes, net of tax
|
-
|
-
|
22
|
-
|
-
|
22
|
-
|
22
|
||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income
|
-
|
-
|
22
|
118
|
(629)
|
(489)
|
-
|
(489)
|
||
Total comprehensive income for the year
|
-
|
-
|
2,601
|
118
|
(629)
|
2,090
|
-
|
2,090
|
||
Dividends
|
B7
|
-
|
-
|
(974)
|
-
|
-
|
(974)
|
-
|
(974)
|
|
Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments
|
-
|
-
|
39
|
-
|
-
|
39
|
-
|
39
|
||
Share capital and share premium
|
||||||||||
New share capital subscribed
|
C10
|
-
|
7
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
7
|
-
|
7
|
|
Treasury shares
|
||||||||||
Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans
|
-
|
-
|
(38)
|
-
|
-
|
(38)
|
-
|
(38)
|
||
Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS
|
-
|
-
|
20
|
-
|
-
|
20
|
-
|
20
|
||
Net increase in equity
|
-
|
7
|
1,648
|
118
|
(629)
|
1,144
|
-
|
1,144
|
||
At beginning of year
|
128
|
1,908
|
8,788
|
31
|
956
|
11,811
|
1
|
11,812
|
||
At end of year
|
128
|
1,915
|
10,436
|
149
|
327
|
12,955
|
1
|
12,956
|
Year ended 31 December 2014 £m
|
||||||||||
Share
capital
|
Share
premium
|
Retained
earnings
|
Translation
reserve
|
Available
-for-sale
securities
reserves
|
Shareholders'
equity
|
Non-
controlling
interests
|
Total
equity
|
|||
Note
|
note C10
|
note C10
|
||||||||
Reserves
|
||||||||||
Profit for the year
|
-
|
-
|
2,216
|
-
|
-
|
2,216
|
-
|
2,216
|
||
Other comprehensive income:
|
||||||||||
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges, net of related tax
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
220
|
-
|
220
|
-
|
220
|
||
Net unrealised valuation movements, net of related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs and related tax
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
565
|
565
|
-
|
565
|
||
Shareholders’ share of actuarial
gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes, net of tax
|
-
|
-
|
(10)
|
-
|
-
|
(10)
|
-
|
(10)
|
||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income
|
-
|
-
|
(10)
|
220
|
565
|
775
|
-
|
775
|
||
Total comprehensive income for the year
|
-
|
-
|
2,206
|
220
|
565
|
2,991
|
-
|
2,991
|
||
Dividends
|
B7
|
-
|
-
|
(895)
|
-
|
-
|
(895)
|
-
|
(895)
|
|
Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments
|
-
|
-
|
106
|
-
|
-
|
106
|
-
|
106
|
||
Share capital and share premium
|
||||||||||
New share capital subscribed
|
C10
|
-
|
13
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13
|
-
|
13
|
|
Treasury shares
|
||||||||||
Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans
|
-
|
-
|
(48)
|
-
|
-
|
(48)
|
-
|
(48)
|
||
Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS
|
-
|
-
|
(6)
|
-
|
-
|
(6)
|
-
|
(6)
|
||
Net increase in equity
|
-
|
13
|
1,363
|
220
|
565
|
2,161
|
-
|
2,161
|
||
At beginning of year
|
128
|
1,895
|
7,425
|
(189)
|
391
|
9,650
|
1
|
9,651
|
||
At end of year
|
128
|
1,908
|
8,788
|
31
|
956
|
11,811
|
1
|
11,812
|
31 December
|
Note
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Assets
|
||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
||||||
Goodwill
|
C5.1(a)
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
|||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
C5.1(b)
|
8,422
|
7,261
|
|||
Total
|
9,885
|
8,724
|
||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
||||||
Goodwill in respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes
|
185
|
186
|
||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
50
|
61
|
||||
Total
|
235
|
247
|
||||
Total intangible assets
|
10,120
|
8,971
|
||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets:
|
||||||
Property, plant and equipment
|
1,197
|
978
|
||||
Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities
|
7,903
|
7,167
|
||||
Deferred tax assets
|
C8
|
2,819
|
2,765
|
|||
Current tax recoverable
|
477
|
117
|
||||
Accrued investment income
|
2,751
|
2,667
|
||||
Other debtors
|
1,955
|
1,852
|
||||
Total
|
17,102
|
15,546
|
||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
||||||
Investment properties
|
13,422
|
12,764
|
||||
Investment in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
1,034
|
1,017
|
||||
Financial investments:*
|
||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
12,958
|
12,841
|
|||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
157,453
|
144,862
|
||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
147,671
|
145,251
|
|||
Other investments
|
7,353
|
7,623
|
||||
Deposits
|
12,088
|
13,096
|
||||
Total
|
351,979
|
337,454
|
||||
Assets held for sale
|
D1
|
2
|
824
|
|||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
7,782
|
6,409
|
||||
Total assets
|
C1,C3.1
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
*
|
Included within financial investments are £5,995 million (2014: £4,578 million) of lent securities.
|
31 December
|
Note
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Equity and liabilities
|
||||
Equity
|
||||
Shareholders' equity
|
12,955
|
11,811
|
||
Non-controlling interests
|
1
|
1
|
||
Total equity
|
12,956
|
11,812
|
||
Liabilities
|
||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
||||
Insurance contract liabilities
|
260,753
|
250,038
|
||
Investment contract liabilities with discretionary participation features
|
42,959
|
39,277
|
||
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features
|
18,806
|
20,224
|
||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
13,096
|
12,450
|
||
Total
|
C4
|
335,614
|
321,989
|
|
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:
|
||||
Subordinated debt
|
4,018
|
3,320
|
||
Other
|
993
|
984
|
||
Total
|
C6.1
|
5,011
|
4,304
|
|
Other borrowings:
|
||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
C6.2(a)
|
1,960
|
2,263
|
|
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
|
C6.2(b)
|
1,332
|
1,093
|
|
Other non-insurance liabilities:
|
||||
Obligations under funding, securities lending and sale and repurchase agreements
|
3,765
|
2,347
|
||
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds
|
7,873
|
7,357
|
||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
C8
|
4,010
|
4,291
|
|
Current tax liabilities
|
C8
|
325
|
617
|
|
Accruals and deferred income
|
952
|
947
|
||
Other creditors
|
4,876
|
4,262
|
||
Provisions
|
604
|
724
|
||
Derivative liabilities
|
3,119
|
2,323
|
||
Other liabilities
|
4,588
|
4,105
|
||
Total
|
30,112
|
26,973
|
||
Liabilities held for sale
|
-
|
770
|
||
Total liabilities
|
C1,C3.1
|
374,029
|
357,392
|
|
Total equity and liabilities
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
Year ended 31 December
|
Note
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|||||
Profit before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)note (i)
|
3,321
|
3,154
|
|||
Non-cash movements in operating assets and liabilities reflected in profit before tax:
|
|||||
Investments
|
(6,814)
|
(30,746)
|
|||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
(1,063)
|
(1,521)
|
|||
Policyholder liabilities (including unallocated surplus)
|
6,067
|
27,292
|
|||
Other liabilities (including operational borrowings)
|
1,761
|
3,797
|
|||
Interest income and expense and dividend income included in result before tax
|
(8,726)
|
(8,315)
|
|||
Other non-cash itemsnote (ii)
|
234
|
174
|
|||
Operating cash items:
|
|||||
Interest receipts
|
7,316
|
7,155
|
|||
Dividend receipts
|
1,777
|
1,559
|
|||
Tax paid
|
(1,340)
|
(721)
|
|||
Net cash flows from operating activities
|
2,533
|
1,828
|
|||
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
|
(256)
|
(172)
|
|||
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
|
30
|
10
|
|||
Acquisition of subsidiaries and intangibles
|
(286)
|
(535)
|
|||
Sale of businesses
|
43
|
152
|
|||
Net cash flows from investing activities
|
(469)
|
(545)
|
|||
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|||||
Structural borrowings of the Group:
|
|||||
Shareholder-financed operations:note (iii)
|
C6.1
|
||||
Issue of subordinated debt, net of costs
|
590
|
-
|
|||
Redemption of subordinated debt
|
-
|
(445)
|
|||
Interest paid
|
(288)
|
(330)
|
|||
With-profits operations:note (iv)
|
C6.2
|
||||
Interest paid
|
(9)
|
(9)
|
|||
Equity capital:
|
|||||
Issues of ordinary share capital
|
7
|
13
|
|||
Dividends paid
|
(974)
|
(895)
|
|||
Net cash flows from financing activities
|
(674)
|
(1,666)
|
|||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
1,390
|
(383)
|
|||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
6,409
|
6,785
|
|||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
(17)
|
7
|
|||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
7,782
|
6,409
|
(i)
|
This measure is the formal profit before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.
|
(ii)
|
Other non-cash items consist of the adjustment of non-cash items to profit before tax.
|
(iii)
|
Structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations exclude borrowings to support short-term fixed income securities programmes, non-recourse borrowings of investment subsidiaries of shareholder-financed operations and other borrowings of shareholder-financed operations. Cash flows in respect of these borrowings are included within cash flows from operating activities.
|
(iv)
|
Interest paid on structural borrowings of with-profits operations relate solely to the £100 million 8.5 per cent undated subordinated guaranteed bonds, which contribute to the solvency base of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), a ring-fenced sub-fund of the PAC with-profits fund. Cash flows in respect of other borrowings of with-profits funds, which principally relate to consolidated investment funds, are included within cash flows from operating activities.
|
A
|
BACKGROUND
|
A1
|
Basis of preparation and exchange rates
|
Closing
rate at
31 Dec 2015
|
Average rate
for
2015
|
Closing
rate at
31 Dec 2014
|
Average rate
for
2014
|
|
Local currency: £
|
||||
Hong Kong
|
11.42
|
11.85
|
12.09
|
12.78
|
Indonesia
|
20,317.71
|
20,476.93
|
19,311.31
|
19,538.56
|
Malaysia
|
6.33
|
5.97
|
5.45
|
5.39
|
Singapore
|
2.09
|
2.10
|
2.07
|
2.09
|
China
|
9.57
|
9.61
|
9.67
|
10.15
|
India
|
97.51
|
98.08
|
98.42
|
100.53
|
Vietnam
|
33,140.64
|
33,509.21
|
33,348.46
|
34,924.62
|
Thailand
|
53.04
|
52.38
|
51.30
|
53.51
|
US
|
1.47
|
1.53
|
1.56
|
1.65
|
B
|
EARNINGS PERFORMANCE
|
B1
|
Analysis of performance by segment
|
B1.1
|
Segment results – profit before tax
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
%
|
|||||||
Note
|
AER
|
CER
|
2015 vs
2014 AER
|
2015 vs
2014 CER
|
|||||
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
||||||
Asia operations
|
|||||||||
Asia insurance operations
|
1,209
|
1,050
|
1,040
|
15%
|
16%
|
||||
Eastspring Investments
|
115
|
90
|
91
|
28%
|
26%
|
||||
Total Asia operations
|
1,324
|
1,140
|
1,131
|
16%
|
17%
|
||||
US operations
|
|||||||||
Jackson (US insurance operations)
|
1,691
|
1,431
|
1,543
|
18%
|
10%
|
||||
Broker-dealer and asset management
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
(8)%
|
(15)%
|
||||
Total US operations
|
1,702
|
1,443
|
1,556
|
18%
|
9%
|
||||
UK operations
|
|||||||||
UK insurance operations:
|
B4(b)
|
||||||||
Long-term business*
|
1,167
|
729
|
729
|
60%
|
60%
|
||||
General insurance commission note (i)
|
28
|
24
|
24
|
17%
|
17%
|
||||
Total UK insurance operations
|
1,195
|
753
|
753
|
59%
|
59%
|
||||
M&G
|
B2
|
442
|
446
|
446
|
(1)%
|
(1)%
|
|||
Prudential Capital
|
19
|
42
|
42
|
(55)%
|
(55)%
|
||||
Total UK operations
|
1,656
|
1,241
|
1,241
|
33%
|
33%
|
||||
Total segment profit
|
4,682
|
3,824
|
3,928
|
22%
|
19%
|
||||
Other income and expenditure
|
|||||||||
Investment return and other income
|
14
|
15
|
15
|
(7)%
|
(7)%
|
||||
Interest payable on core structural borrowings
|
(312)
|
(341)
|
(341)
|
9%
|
9%
|
||||
Corporate expenditurenote (ii)
|
(319)
|
(293)
|
(293)
|
(9)%
|
(9)%
|
||||
Total
|
(617)
|
(619)
|
(619)
|
- %
|
- %
|
||||
Solvency II implementation costs
|
(43)
|
(28)
|
(28)
|
(54)%
|
(54)%
|
||||
Restructuring costs note (iii)
|
(15)
|
(14)
|
(14)
|
(7)%
|
(7)%
|
||||
Results of the sold PruHealth and PruProtect businesses*
|
-
|
23
|
23
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
||||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
4,007
|
3,186
|
3,290
|
26%
|
22%
|
||||
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on
shareholder-backed business
|
B1.2
|
(737)
|
(574)
|
(650)
|
(28)%
|
(13)%
|
|||
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustmentsnote (iv)
|
(76)
|
(79)
|
(85)
|
4%
|
11%
|
||||
Gain on sale of PruHealth and PruProtect businessesnote (v)
|
-
|
86
|
86
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
||||
Cumulative exchange loss on the sold Japan life business
recycled from other comprehensive income
|
(46)
|
-
|
-
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
||||
Costs of domestication of Hong Kong branchnote (vi)
|
-
|
(5)
|
(5)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
||||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
|
3,148
|
2,614
|
2,636
|
20%
|
19%
|
||||
2015
|
2014
|
%
|
|||||||
AER
|
CER
|
2015 vs
2014 AER
|
2015 vs
2014 CER
|
||||||
Basic earnings per share (in pence)
|
B6
|
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
note (vii)
|
||||
Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
125.8p
|
96.6p
|
99.5p
|
30%
|
26%
|
||||
Based on profit for the year
|
101.0p
|
86.9p
|
87.9p
|
16%
|
15%
|
*
|
In order to show the UK long-term business on a comparable basis, the 2014 comparative results exclude the contribution from the sold PruHealth and PruProtect businesses.
|
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
The Group’s UK insurance operations transferred its general insurance business to Churchill in 2002. General insurance commission represents the commission receivable net of expenses for Prudential-branded general insurance products as part of this arrangement, which terminates at the end of 2016.
|
(ii)
|
Corporate expenditure as shown above is for Group Head Office and Asia Regional Head Office.
|
(iii)
|
Restructuring costs are incurred in the UK and represent one-off business development expenses.
|
(iv)
|
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustments principally relate to the acquired REALIC business of Jackson.
|
(v)
|
In November 2014, PAC completed the sale of its 25 per cent equity stake in the PruHealth and PruProtect businesses to Discovery Group Europe Limited.
|
(vi)
|
On 1 January 2014, the Hong Kong branch of the Prudential Assurance Company Limited was transferred to separate subsidiaries established in Hong Kong.
|
(vii)
|
For definitions of AER and CER refer to note A1.
|
B1.2
|
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Insurance operations:
|
|||
Asia note (i)
|
(119)
|
178
|
|
US note (ii)
|
(424)
|
(1,103)
|
|
UK note (iii)
|
(120)
|
464
|
|
Other operationsnote (iv)
|
(74)
|
(113)
|
|
Total
|
(737)
|
(574)
|
(i)
|
Asia insurance operations
|
(ii)
|
US insurance operations
|
|
The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for US insurance operations are reported net of related credit for amortisation of deferred acquisition costs, of £93 million as shown in note C5.1(b) (2014: £653 million) and comprise amounts in respect of the following items:
|
|
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Net equity hedge resultnote (a)
|
(504)
|
(1,574)
|
||
Other than equity-related derivativesnote (b)
|
29
|
391
|
||
Debt securities note (c)
|
1
|
47
|
||
Equity-type investments: actual less longer-term return
|
19
|
16
|
||
Other items
|
31
|
17
|
||
Total
|
(424)
|
(1,103)
|
–
|
The accounting value movements on the variable and fixed index annuity guarantee liabilities;
|
–
|
Adjustments in respect of fee assessments and claim payments;
|
–
|
Fair value movements on free standing equity derivatives; and
|
–
|
Related changes to DAC amortisation in accordance with the policy that DAC is amortised in line with emergence of margins,.
|
–
|
The Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB), and the ‘for life’ portion of Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) guarantees which are valued under the US GAAP insurance measurement basis applied for IFRS in a way that is substantially less sensitive to the effect of equity market and interest rate changes. These represent the majority of the guarantees offered by Jackson; and
|
–
|
The ‘not for life’ portion of GMWB embedded derivative liabilities which are required to be fair valued. Fair value movements on these liabilities include the effects of changes to levels of equity markets, implied volatility and interest rates.
|
–
|
The variable annuity guarantees and fixed index annuity embedded options being only partially fair valued under ‘grandfathered’ GAAP;
|
–
|
The interest rate exposure being managed through the other than equity-related derivative programme explained in note (b) below; and
|
–
|
Jackson’s management of its economic exposures for a number of other factors that are treated differently in the accounting frameworks such as future fees and assumed volatility levels.
|
–
|
Fair value movements on free standing, other than equity-related derivatives;
|
–
|
Accounting effects of the Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) reinsurance; and
|
–
|
Related amortisation of DAC.
|
–
|
The fair value movements booked in the income statement on the derivative programme being in respect of the management of interest rate exposures of the variable and fixed index annuity business, as well as the fixed annuity business guarantees and durations within the general account;
|
–
|
Fair value movements on Jackson’s debt securities of the general account which are recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement; and
|
–
|
The mixed measurement model that applies for the GMIB and its reinsurance.
|
(c)
|
Short-term fluctuations related to debt securities
|
|
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
Short-term fluctuations relating to debt securities
|
|||
Credits (charges) in the year:
|
|||
|
Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds
|
(54)
|
(5)
|
|
Bond write downs
|
(37)
|
(4)
|
|
Recoveries / reversals
|
18
|
19
|
|
Total (charges) credits in the year
|
(73)
|
10
|
Less: Risk margin allowance deducted from operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote
|
83
|
78
|
|
|
|
10
|
88
|
Interest-related realised gains:
|
|||
|
Arising in the year
|
102
|
63
|
|
Less: Amortisation of gains and losses arising in current and prior years to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
(108)
|
(87)
|
|
|
(6)
|
(24)
|
Related amortisation of deferred acquisition costs
|
(3)
|
(17)
|
|
Total short-term fluctuations related to debt securities
|
1
|
47
|
Note
|
|
2015
|
|
2014
|
||||||||||
Moody’s rating category
(or equivalent under
NAIC ratings of mortgage-backed securities)
|
Average
book
value
|
RMR
|
Annual expected loss
|
|
Average
book
value
|
RMR
|
Annual expected loss
|
||||||
|
US$m
|
%
|
US$m
|
£m
|
|
US$m
|
%
|
US$m
|
£m
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
A3 or higher
|
28,185
|
0.13
|
(37)
|
(24)
|
|
27,912
|
0.12
|
(34)
|
(21)
|
||||
Baa1, 2 or 3
|
24,768
|
0.25
|
(62)
|
(40)
|
|
24,714
|
0.25
|
(62)
|
(38)
|
||||
Ba1, 2 or 3
|
1,257
|
1.17
|
(15)
|
(10)
|
|
1,390
|
1.23
|
(17)
|
(10)
|
||||
B1, 2 or 3
|
388
|
3.08
|
(12)
|
(8)
|
|
385
|
3.04
|
(12)
|
(7)
|
||||
Below B3
|
35
|
3.70
|
(1)
|
(1)
|
|
92
|
3.70
|
(4)
|
(2)
|
||||
Total
|
54,633
|
0.23
|
(127)
|
(83)
|
|
54,493
|
0.24
|
(129)
|
(78)
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Related amortisation of deferred acquisition costs (see below)
|
24
|
16
|
|
25
|
15
|
||||||||
Risk margin reserve charge to operating profit for longer-term credit related losses
|
(103)
|
(67)
|
|
(104)
|
(63)
|
(iii)
|
UK insurance operations
|
(iv)
|
Other
|
(v)
|
Default losses
|
B1.3
|
Determining operating segments and performance measure of operating segments
|
Operating segments
|
The Group’s operating segments, determined in accordance with IFRS 8 ‘Operating Segments’, are as follows:
|
Insurance operations:
|
Asset management operations:
|
–Asia
|
–Eastspring Investments
|
–US (Jackson)
|
–US broker-dealer and asset management
|
–UK
|
–M&G
|
–Prudential Capital
|
–
|
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business*;
|
–
|
Gain on the sale of the Group’s stake in the PruHealth and PruProtect businesses in 2014;
|
–
|
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustments arising on the purchase of business. This comprises principally the charge for the adjustments arising on the purchase of REALIC in 2012;
|
–
|
The recycling of the cumulative exchange translation loss on the sold Japan life business from other comprehensive income to the income statement in 2015. See note D1 for further details; and
|
–
|
The costs associated with the domestication of the Hong Kong branch which became effective on 1 January 2014.
|
*
|
Including the impact of short-term market effects on the carrying value of Jackson guarantee liabilities and related derivatives as explained below.
|
(a)
|
General principles
|
(i)
|
UK style with-profits business
|
(ii)
|
Unit-linked business
|
(iii)
|
US variable annuity and fixed index annuity business
|
(iv)
|
Business where policyholder liabilities are sensitive to market conditions
|
(v)
|
Other shareholder-financed business
|
|
Debt, equity-type securities and loans
|
–
|
Risk margin reserve based charge for the expected level of defaults for the period, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio. The difference between impairment losses in the reporting period and the risk margin reserve charge to the operating result is reflected in short-term fluctuations in investment returns; and
|
–
|
The amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses to operating results based on longer-term investment returns to the date when sold bonds would have otherwise matured.
|
(b)
|
Asia insurance operations
|
(i)
|
Business where policyholder liabilities are sensitive to market conditions
|
(ii)
|
Other Asia shareholder-financed business
|
(c)
|
US Insurance operations
|
(i)
|
Separate account business
|
(ii)
|
US variable and fixed index annuity business
|
–
|
Fair value movements for equity-based derivatives;
|
–
|
Fair value movements for embedded derivatives for the ‘not for life’ portion of Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit and fixed index annuity business, and Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit reinsurance (see below);
|
–
|
Movements in the accounts carrying value of Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit and the ‘for life’ portion of Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits and Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit liabilities, for which, under the ‘grandfathered’ US GAAP applied under IFRS for Jackson’s insurance assets and liabilities, the measurement basis gives rise to a muted impact of current period market movements;
|
–
|
A portion of the fee assessments as well as claim payments, in respect of guarantee liabilities; and
|
–
|
Related amortisation of deferred acquisition costs for each of the above items.
|
(iii)
|
Other derivative value movements
|
(iv)
|
Other US shareholder-financed business
|
2015
|
2014
|
|
Equity-type securities such as common and preferred stock and portfolio holdings in mutual funds
|
5.7% to 6.4%
|
6.2% to 6.7%
|
Other equity-type securities such as investments in limited partnerships and private equity funds
|
7.7% to 8.4%
|
8.2% to 8.7%
|
(d)
|
UK Insurance operations
|
(i)
|
Shareholder-backed annuity business
|
–
|
The impact on credit risk provisioning of actual upgrades and downgrades during the period;
|
–
|
Credit experience compared to assumptions; and
|
–
|
Short-term value movements on assets backing the capital of the business.
|
(ii)
|
Non-linked shareholder-financed business
|
(e)
|
Fund management and other non-insurance businesses
|
B2
|
Profit before tax – asset management operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||||
M&G
|
Prudential
Capital
|
US
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||
Revenue (excluding NPH broker-dealer fees)
|
1,237
|
54
|
321
|
352
|
1,964
|
2,008
|
||
NPH broker-dealer feesnote (i)
|
-
|
-
|
522
|
-
|
522
|
503
|
||
Gross revenue
|
1,237
|
54
|
843
|
352
|
2,486
|
2,511
|
||
Charges (excluding NPH broker-dealer fees)
|
(810)
|
(99)
|
(310)
|
(278)
|
(1,497)
|
(1,477)
|
||
NPH broker-dealer feesnote (i)
|
-
|
-
|
(522)
|
-
|
(522)
|
(503)
|
||
Gross charges
|
(810)
|
(99)
|
(832)
|
(278)
|
(2,019)
|
(1,980)
|
||
Share of profit from joint ventures and associates, net of related tax
|
14
|
-
|
-
|
41
|
55
|
42
|
||
Profit before tax
|
441
|
(45)
|
11
|
115
|
522
|
573
|
||
Comprising:
|
||||||||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote (ii)
|
442
|
19
|
11
|
115
|
587
|
590
|
||
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
|
(1)
|
(64)
|
-
|
-
|
(65)
|
(17)
|
||
Profit before tax
|
441
|
(45)
|
11
|
115
|
522
|
573
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
The segment revenue of the Group’s asset management operations includes:
|
(ii)
|
M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Asset management fee income
|
934
|
953
|
||
Other income
|
5
|
1
|
||
Staff costs
|
(293)
|
(351)
|
||
Other costs
|
(240)
|
(203)
|
||
Underlying profit before performance-related fees
|
406
|
400
|
||
Share of associate results
|
14
|
13
|
||
Performance-related fees
|
22
|
33
|
||
Total M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
442
|
446
|
B3
|
Acquisition costs and other expenditure
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Acquisition costs incurred for insurance policies
|
(3,275)
|
(2,668)
|
Acquisition costs deferred less amortisation of acquisition costs
|
431
|
916
|
Administration costs and other expenditure
|
(4,746)
|
(4,486)
|
Movements in amounts attributable to external unit holders of consolidated investment funds
|
(618)
|
(514)
|
Total acquisition costs and other expenditure
|
(8,208)
|
(6,752)
|
B4
|
Effect of changes and other accounting features on insurance assets and liabilities
|
(a)
|
Asia insurance operations
|
31 Dec 2015 (bps)
|
31 Dec 2014 (bps)
|
|||||||
Pillar 1
regulatory
basis
|
Adjustment
|
IFRS
|
Pillar 1
regulatory
basis
|
Adjustment
|
IFRS
|
|||
Bond spread over swap rates note (i)
|
171
|
-
|
171
|
143
|
-
|
143
|
||
Credit risk allowance:
|
||||||||
Long-term expected defaults note (ii)
|
13
|
-
|
13
|
14
|
-
|
14
|
||
Additional provisionsnote (iii)
|
42
|
(12)
|
30
|
44
|
(12)
|
32
|
||
Total credit risk allowance
|
55
|
(12)
|
43
|
58
|
(12)
|
46
|
||
Liquidity premium
|
116
|
12
|
128
|
85
|
12
|
97
|
(i)
|
Bond spread over swap rates reflect market observed data.
|
(ii)
|
Long-term expected defaults are derived by applying Moody’s data from 1970 to 2009 and the definition of the credit rating used is the second highest credit rating published by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch.
|
(iii)
|
Additional provisions comprise credit risk premium, which is derived from Moody’s data from 1970 to 2009, an allowance for a one-notch downgrade of the portfolio subject to credit risk and an additional allowance for short-term defaults.
|
Pillar 1
Regulatory
basis
|
IFRS
|
|
Total (bps)
|
Total (bps)
|
|
Total allowance for credit risk at 31 December 2014
|
58
|
46
|
Credit rating changes
|
2
|
1
|
Asset trading
|
(2)
|
(2)
|
Other effects (including for new business)
|
(3)
|
(2)
|
Total allowance for credit risk at 31 December 2015
|
55
|
43
|
Pillar 1 Regulatory
basis
|
IFRS
|
|
Total £bn
|
Total £bn
|
|
PRIL
|
1.9
|
1.5
|
PAC non-profit sub-fund
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
Total 31 December 2015
|
2.1
|
1.6
|
Total 31 December 2014
|
2.2
|
1.7
|
B5
|
Tax charge
|
(a)
|
Total tax charge by nature of expense
|
|
The total tax charge in the income statement is as follows:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
Tax charge
|
Current
tax
|
Deferred
tax
|
Total
|
Total
|
|
UK tax
|
(218)
|
69
|
(149)
|
(578)
|
|
Overseas tax
|
(516)
|
(77)
|
(593)
|
(360)
|
|
Total tax (charge) credit
|
(734)
|
(8)
|
(742)
|
(938)
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
Tax charge
|
Current
tax
|
Deferred
tax
|
Total
|
Total
|
|
Tax charge to policyholders' returns
|
(188)
|
15
|
(173)
|
(540)
|
|
Tax charge attributable to shareholders
|
(546)
|
(23)
|
(569)
|
(398)
|
|
Total tax (charge) credit
|
(734)
|
(8)
|
(742)
|
(938)
|
(b)
|
Reconciliation of effective tax rate
|
Reconciliation of tax charge on profit attributable to shareholders
|
2015 £m
|
||||||
Asia
insurance
operations
|
US
insurance
operations
|
UK
Insurance
operations
|
Other
operations
|
Total
|
||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
1,209
|
1,691
|
1,195
|
(88)
|
4,007
|
|
Non-operating profit
|
(173)
|
(492)
|
(120)
|
(74)
|
(859)
|
|
Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders
|
1,036
|
1,199
|
1,075
|
(162)
|
3,148
|
|
Expected tax rate*
|
24%
|
35%
|
20%
|
20%
|
27%
|
|
Tax at the expected rate
|
249
|
420
|
215
|
(32)
|
852
|
|
Effects of recurring tax reconciliation items:
|
||||||
Income not taxable or taxable at concessionary rates
|
(42)
|
(10)
|
(2)
|
(9)
|
(63)
|
|
Deductions not allowable for tax purposes
|
15
|
5
|
7
|
6
|
33
|
|
Items related to taxation of life insurance businesses
|
(20)
|
(113)
|
-
|
-
|
(133)
|
|
Deferred tax adjustments
|
10
|
-
|
-
|
(11)
|
(1)
|
|
Effect of results of joint ventures and associates
|
(37)
|
-
|
-
|
(13)
|
(50)
|
|
Irrecoverable withholding taxes
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
28
|
28
|
|
Other
|
(4)
|
(1)
|
6
|
2
|
3
|
|
Total
|
(78)
|
(119)
|
11
|
3
|
(183)
|
|
Effects of non-recurring tax reconciliation items:
|
||||||
Adjustments to tax charge in relation to prior years
|
5
|
(65)
|
(7)
|
-
|
(67)
|
|
Movements in provisions for open tax matters
|
(6)
|
-
|
-
|
(5)
|
(11)
|
|
Impact of changes in local statutory tax rates
|
(5)
|
-
|
(16)
|
(1)
|
(22)
|
|
Total
|
(6)
|
(65)
|
(23)
|
(6)
|
(100)
|
|
Total actual tax charge/(credit)
|
165
|
236
|
203
|
(35)
|
569
|
|
Analysed into:
|
||||||
Tax on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
180
|
408
|
227
|
(19)
|
796
|
|
Tax on non-operating profit
|
(15)
|
(172)
|
(24)
|
(16)
|
(227)
|
|
Actual tax rate:
|
||||||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
||||||
Including non-recurring tax reconciling items
|
15%
|
24%
|
19%
|
22%
|
20%
|
|
Excluding non-recurring tax reconciling items
|
15%
|
28%
|
21%
|
15%
|
22%
|
|
Total profit
|
16%
|
20%
|
19%
|
22%
|
18%
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
Asia
insurance
operations
|
US
insurance
operations
|
UK
Insurance
operations†
|
Other
operations†
|
Total
|
||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
1,050
|
1,431
|
753
|
(48)
|
3,186
|
|
Non-operating profit
|
170
|
(1,174)
|
545
|
(113)
|
(572)
|
|
Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders
|
1,220
|
257
|
1,298
|
(161)
|
2,614
|
|
Expected tax rate*
|
22%
|
35%
|
21%
|
22%
|
23%
|
|
Tax at the expected rate
|
268
|
90
|
273
|
(35)
|
596
|
|
Effects of recurring tax reconciliation items:
|
||||||
Income not taxable or taxable at concessionary rates
|
(17)
|
(6)
|
-
|
(2)
|
(25)
|
|
Deductions not allowable for tax purposes
|
13
|
-
|
7
|
9
|
29
|
|
Items related to taxation of life insurance businesses
|
(44)
|
(76)
|
-
|
-
|
(120)
|
|
Deferred tax adjustments
|
(8)
|
-
|
(7)
|
(11)
|
(26)
|
|
Effect of results of joint ventures and associates
|
(40)
|
-
|
(8)
|
(10)
|
(58)
|
|
Irrecoverable withholding taxes
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
27
|
27
|
|
Other
|
(4)
|
1
|
(4)
|
7
|
-
|
|
Total
|
(100)
|
(81)
|
(12)
|
20
|
(173)
|
|
Effects of non-recurring tax reconciliation items:
|
||||||
Adjustments to tax charge in relation to prior years
|
(2)
|
(1)
|
3
|
(7)
|
(7)
|
|
Movements in provisions for open tax matters
|
7
|
-
|
-
|
(26)
|
(19)
|
|
Impact of changes in local statutory tax rates
|
(1)
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
1
|
|
Total
|
4
|
(1)
|
5
|
(33)
|
(25)
|
|
Total actual tax charge/(credit)
|
172
|
8
|
266
|
(48)
|
398
|
|
Analysed into:
|
||||||
Tax on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
171
|
419
|
163
|
(29)
|
724
|
|
Tax on non-operating profit
|
1
|
(411)
|
103
|
(19)
|
(326)
|
|
Actual tax rate:
|
||||||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
||||||
Including non-recurring tax reconciling items
|
16%
|
29%
|
22%
|
60%
|
23%
|
|
Excluding non-recurring tax reconciling items
|
16%
|
29%
|
21%
|
(8)%
|
24%
|
|
Total profit
|
14%
|
3%
|
21%
|
30%
|
15%
|
*
|
The expected tax rates (rounded to the nearest whole percentage) reflect the corporation tax rates generally applied to taxable profit of the relevant country jurisdictions. For Asia operations the expected tax rates reflect the corporation tax rates weighted by reference to the source of profit of operations contributing to the aggregate business result. The expected tax rate for Other operations reflects the mix of business between UK and overseas non-insurance operations, which are taxed at a variety of rates. The rates will fluctuate from year to year dependent on the mix of profit.
|
†
|
In order to show the UK insurance business on a comparable basis, the full year 2014 comparatives exclude the contribution from the sold PruHealth and PruProtect businesses from the UK insurance operations and show it in the column for Other operations.
|
B6
|
Earnings per share
|
2015
|
||||||||
Before
tax
|
Tax
|
Net of tax
|
Basic
earnings
per share
|
Diluted
earnings
per share
|
||||
Note
|
B1.1
|
B5
|
||||||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
Pence
|
Pence
|
||||
Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
4,007
|
(796)
|
3,211
|
125.8p
|
125.6p
|
|||
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business
|
B1.2
|
(737)
|
202
|
(535)
|
(21.0)p
|
(20.9)p
|
||
Cumulative exchange loss on the sold Japan life business recycled from other comprehensive income
|
D1
|
(46)
|
-
|
(46)
|
(1.8)p
|
(1.8)p
|
||
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustments
|
(76)
|
25
|
(51)
|
(2.0)p
|
(2.0)p
|
|||
Based on profit for the year
|
3,148
|
(569)
|
2,579
|
101.0p
|
100.9p
|
2014
|
||||||||
Before
tax
|
Tax
|
Net of tax
|
Basic
earnings
per share
|
Diluted
earnings
per share
|
||||
Note
|
B1.1
|
B5
|
||||||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
Pence
|
Pence
|
||||
Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
3,186
|
(724)
|
2,462
|
96.6p
|
96.5p
|
|||
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business
|
B1.2
|
(574)
|
299
|
(275)
|
(10.8)p
|
(10.8)p
|
||
Gain on sale of PruHealth and PruProtect
|
86
|
-
|
86
|
3.4p
|
3.4p
|
|||
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustments
|
(79)
|
26
|
(53)
|
(2.1)p
|
(2.1)p
|
|||
Costs of domestication of Hong Kong branch
|
(5)
|
1
|
(4)
|
(0.2)p
|
(0.2)p
|
|||
Based on profit for the year
|
2,614
|
(398)
|
2,216
|
86.9p
|
86.8p
|
2015
|
2014
|
||
Weighted average number of shares for calculation of:
|
(millions)
|
(millions)
|
|
Basic earnings per share
|
2,553
|
2,549
|
|
Shares under option at end of year
|
9
|
9
|
|
Number of shares that would have been issued at fair value on assumed option price
|
(6)
|
(6)
|
|
Diluted earnings per share
|
2,556
|
2,552
|
B7
|
Dividends
|
2015
|
2014
|
|||||
Pence per share
|
£m
|
Pence per share
|
£m
|
|||
Dividends relating to reporting year:
|
||||||
Interim dividend
|
12.31p
|
315
|
11.19p
|
287
|
||
Second interim dividend / Final dividend
|
26.47p
|
681
|
25.74p
|
658
|
||
Special dividend
|
10.00p
|
257
|
||||
Total
|
48.78p
|
1,253
|
36.93p
|
945
|
||
Dividends declared and paid in reporting year:
|
||||||
Current year interim dividend
|
12.31p
|
315
|
11.19p
|
285
|
||
Final dividend for prior year
|
25.74p
|
659
|
23.84p
|
610
|
||
Total
|
38.05p
|
974
|
35.03p
|
895
|
C
|
BALANCE SHEET NOTES
|
C1
|
Analysis of Group position by segment and business type
|
C1.1
|
Group statement of financial position – analysis by segment
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||||||||||
Insurance operations
|
Total
insurance
operations
|
Asset
manage-
ment
operations
|
Unallo-
cated
to a
segment
(central
opera-
tions)
|
Elimin-
ation
of intra-
group
debtors
and
creditors
|
31 Dec
Group
Total
|
31 Dec
Group
Total
|
|||||||||
Note
|
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
||||||||||||
By operating segment
|
C2.1
|
C2.2
|
C2.3
|
C2.4
|
|||||||||||
Assets
|
|||||||||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
|||||||||||||||
Goodwill
|
C5.1(a)
|
233
|
-
|
-
|
233
|
1,230
|
-
|
-
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
|||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
C5.1(b)
|
2,103
|
6,168
|
83
|
8,354
|
21
|
47
|
-
|
8,422
|
7,261
|
|||||
Total
|
2,336
|
6,168
|
83
|
8,587
|
1,251
|
47
|
-
|
9,885
|
8,724
|
||||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
|||||||||||||||
Goodwill in respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes
|
-
|
-
|
185
|
185
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
185
|
186
|
||||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
42
|
-
|
8
|
50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
50
|
61
|
||||||
Total
|
42
|
-
|
193
|
235
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
235
|
247
|
||||||
Total
|
2,378
|
6,168
|
276
|
8,822
|
1,251
|
47
|
-
|
10,120
|
8,971
|
||||||
Deferred tax assets
|
C8.1
|
66
|
2,448
|
132
|
2,646
|
140
|
33
|
-
|
2,819
|
2,765
|
|||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
3,621
|
7,205
|
7,209
|
18,035
|
1,504
|
4,886
|
(10,142)
|
14,283
|
12,781
|
||||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
|||||||||||||||
Investment properties
|
5
|
5
|
13,412
|
13,422
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13,422
|
12,764
|
||||||
Investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
475
|
-
|
434
|
909
|
125
|
-
|
-
|
1,034
|
1,017
|
||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
1,084
|
7,418
|
3,571
|
12,073
|
885
|
-
|
-
|
12,958
|
12,841
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
18,532
|
91,216
|
47,593
|
157,341
|
85
|
27
|
-
|
157,453
|
144,862
|
||||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
28,292
|
34,071
|
83,101
|
145,464
|
2,204
|
3
|
-
|
147,671
|
145,251
|
|||||
Other investments
|
57
|
1,715
|
5,486
|
7,258
|
94
|
1
|
-
|
7,353
|
7,623
|
||||||
Deposits
|
773
|
-
|
11,226
|
11,999
|
89
|
-
|
-
|
12,088
|
13,096
|
||||||
Total investments
|
49,218
|
134,425
|
164,823
|
348,466
|
3,482
|
31
|
-
|
351,979
|
337,454
|
||||||
Assets held for sale
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
824
|
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
2,064
|
1,405
|
2,880
|
6,349
|
1,054
|
379
|
-
|
7,782
|
6,409
|
||||||
Total assets
|
C3.1
|
57,347
|
151,651
|
175,322
|
384,320
|
7,431
|
5,376
|
(10,142)
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||||||||||
Insurance operations
|
|
|||||||||||||
By operating segment
|
Note
|
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
insurance
operations
|
Asset
manage
ment
operations
|
Unallo-
cated
to a segment
(central
opera-
tions)
|
Elimin-
ation
of intra-
group
debtors
and
creditors
|
31 Dec
Group
Total
|
31 Dec
Group
Total
|
||||
C2.1
|
C2.2
|
C2.3
|
C2.4
|
|||||||||||
Equity and liabilities
|
||||||||||||||
Equity
|
||||||||||||||
Shareholders’ equity
|
3,956
|
4,154
|
5,140
|
13,250
|
2,332
|
(2,627)
|
-
|
12,955
|
11,811
|
|||||
Non-controlling interests
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Total equity
|
3,957
|
4,154
|
5,140
|
13,251
|
2,332
|
(2,627)
|
-
|
12,956
|
11,812
|
|||||
Liabilities
|
||||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||||
Insurance contract liabilities
|
42,084
|
136,129
|
83,801
|
262,014
|
-
|
-
|
(1,261)
|
260,753
|
250,038
|
|||||
Investment contract liabilities with discretionary participation features
|
251
|
-
|
42,708
|
42,959
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
42,959
|
39,277
|
|||||
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features
|
181
|
2,784
|
15,841
|
18,806
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18,806
|
20,224
|
|||||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
2,553
|
-
|
10,543
|
13,096
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13,096
|
12,450
|
|||||
Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
C4.1(a)
|
45,069
|
138,913
|
152,893
|
336,875
|
-
|
-
|
(1,261)
|
335,614
|
321,989
|
||||
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:
|
||||||||||||||
Subordinated debt
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4,018
|
-
|
4,018
|
3,320
|
|||||
Other
|
-
|
169
|
-
|
169
|
275
|
549
|
-
|
993
|
984
|
|||||
Total
|
C6.1
|
-
|
169
|
-
|
169
|
275
|
4,567
|
-
|
5,011
|
4,304
|
||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
C6.2
|
-
|
66
|
179
|
245
|
10
|
1,705
|
-
|
1,960
|
2,263
|
||||
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
|
C6.2
|
-
|
-
|
1,332
|
1,332
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,332
|
1,093
|
||||
Other non-insurance liabilities:
|
||||||||||||||
Obligations under funding, securities lending and sale and repurchase agreements
|
-
|
1,914
|
1,651
|
3,565
|
200
|
-
|
-
|
3,765
|
2,347
|
|||||
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds
|
2,802
|
22
|
5,049
|
7,873
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
7,873
|
7,357
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
C8.1
|
734
|
2,086
|
1,162
|
3,982
|
17
|
11
|
-
|
4,010
|
4,291
|
||||
Current tax liabilities
|
50
|
3
|
203
|
256
|
50
|
19
|
-
|
325
|
617
|
|||||
Accruals and deferred income
|
136
|
-
|
447
|
583
|
300
|
69
|
-
|
952
|
947
|
|||||
Other creditors
|
3,266
|
1,022
|
4,591
|
8,879
|
3,695
|
1,183
|
(8,881)
|
4,876
|
4,262
|
|||||
Provisions
|
119
|
6
|
158
|
283
|
244
|
77
|
-
|
604
|
724
|
|||||
Derivative liabilities
|
140
|
249
|
2,125
|
2,514
|
283
|
322
|
-
|
3,119
|
2,323
|
|||||
Other liabilities
|
1,074
|
3,047
|
392
|
4,513
|
25
|
50
|
-
|
4,588
|
4,105
|
|||||
Total
|
8,321
|
8,349
|
15,778
|
32,448
|
4,814
|
1,731
|
(8,881)
|
30,112
|
26,973
|
|||||
Liabilities held for sale
|
D1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
770
|
||||
Total liabilities
|
C3.1
|
53,390
|
147,497
|
170,182
|
371,069
|
5,099
|
8,003
|
(10,142)
|
374,029
|
357,392
|
||||
Total equity and liabilities
|
57,347
|
151,651
|
175,322
|
384,320
|
7,431
|
5,376
|
(10,142)
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
C1.2
|
Group statement of financial position – analysis by business type
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec 2014 £m
|
|||||||||||||
Policyholder
|
Shareholder-backed business
|
|||||||||||||
Note
|
Participating
funds
|
Unit-
linked
and
variable
annuity
|
Non-
linked
business
|
Asset
manage-
ment
opera-
tions
|
Unallo-
cated
to a
segment
(central
opera-
tions)
|
Elimin-
ations
of Intra-
group
debtors
and
creditors
|
Group
Total
|
Group
Total
|
||||||
Assets
|
||||||||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
||||||||||||||
Goodwill
|
C5.1(a)
|
-
|
-
|
233
|
1,230
|
-
|
-
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
|||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
C5.1(b)
|
-
|
-
|
8,354
|
21
|
47
|
-
|
8,422
|
7,261
|
|||||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
8,587
|
1,251
|
47
|
-
|
9,885
|
8,724
|
||||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||||
In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes
|
185
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
185
|
186
|
||||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
50
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
50
|
61
|
||||||
Total
|
235
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
235
|
247
|
||||||
Total
|
235
|
-
|
8,587
|
1,251
|
47
|
-
|
10,120
|
8,971
|
||||||
Deferred tax assets
|
C8.1
|
83
|
1
|
2,562
|
140
|
33
|
-
|
2,819
|
2,765
|
|||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
3,649
|
578
|
11,174
|
1,504
|
4,886
|
(7,508)
|
14,283
|
12,781
|
||||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
||||||||||||||
Investment properties
|
11,115
|
705
|
1,602
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13,422
|
12,764
|
||||||
Investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
434
|
-
|
475
|
125
|
-
|
-
|
1,034
|
1,017
|
||||||
Financial investments:
|
||||||||||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
2,599
|
-
|
9,474
|
885
|
-
|
-
|
12,958
|
12,841
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
39,195
|
117,067
|
1,079
|
85
|
27
|
-
|
157,453
|
144,862
|
||||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
60,870
|
9,290
|
75,304
|
2,204
|
3
|
-
|
147,671
|
145,251
|
|||||
Other investments
|
5,045
|
29
|
2,184
|
94
|
1
|
-
|
7,353
|
7,623
|
||||||
Deposits
|
8,970
|
1,049
|
1,980
|
89
|
-
|
-
|
12,088
|
13,096
|
||||||
Total investments
|
128,228
|
128,140
|
92,098
|
3,482
|
31
|
-
|
351,979
|
337,454
|
||||||
Assets held for sale
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
824
|
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
2,623
|
829
|
2,897
|
1,054
|
379
|
-
|
7,782
|
6,409
|
||||||
Total assets
|
134,820
|
129,548
|
117,318
|
7,431
|
5,376
|
(7,508)
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
||||||
Equity and liabilities
|
||||||||||||||
Equity
|
||||||||||||||
Shareholders’ equity
|
-
|
-
|
13,250
|
2,332
|
(2,627)
|
-
|
12,955
|
11,811
|
||||||
Non-controlling interests
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
||||||
Total equity
|
-
|
-
|
13,251
|
2,332
|
(2,627)
|
-
|
12,956
|
11,812
|
||||||
Liabilities
|
||||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||||
Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)
|
107,907
|
125,819
|
88,792
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
322,518
|
309,539
|
||||||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
13,096
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13,096
|
12,450
|
||||||
Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
C4.1(a)
|
121,003
|
125,819
|
88,792
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
335,614
|
321,989
|
|||||
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:
|
||||||||||||||
Subordinated debt
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4,018
|
-
|
4,018
|
3,320
|
||||||
Other
|
-
|
-
|
169
|
275
|
549
|
-
|
993
|
984
|
||||||
Total
|
C6.1
|
-
|
-
|
169
|
275
|
4,567
|
-
|
5,011
|
4,304
|
|||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
C6.2(a)
|
-
|
4
|
241
|
10
|
1,705
|
-
|
1,960
|
2,263
|
|||||
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
|
C6.2(b)
|
1,332
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,332
|
1,093
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
C8.1
|
1,326
|
27
|
2,629
|
17
|
11
|
-
|
4,010
|
4,291
|
|||||
Other non-insurance liabilities
|
11,159
|
3,698
|
12,236
|
4,797
|
1,720
|
(7,508)
|
26,102
|
22,682
|
||||||
Liabilities held for sale
|
D1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
770
|
|||||
Total liabilities
|
134,820
|
129,548
|
104,067
|
5,099
|
8,003
|
(7,508)
|
374,029
|
357,392
|
||||||
Total equity and liabilities
|
134,820
|
129,548
|
117,318
|
7,431
|
5,376
|
(7,508)
|
386,985
|
369,204
|
C2
|
Analysis of segment position by business type
|
C2.1
|
Asia insurance operations
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec
2014 £m
|
||||||||
With-profits
business
|
Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
|
Other
business
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||||
Note
|
note
|
||||||||
Assets
|
|||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
|||||||||
Goodwill
|
-
|
-
|
233
|
233
|
233
|
||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
-
|
-
|
2,103
|
2,103
|
1,911
|
||||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
2,336
|
2,336
|
2,144
|
||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
|||||||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
42
|
-
|
-
|
42
|
54
|
||||
Deferred tax assets
|
-
|
1
|
65
|
66
|
84
|
||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
1,981
|
207
|
1,433
|
3,621
|
3,111
|
||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
|||||||||
Investment properties
|
-
|
-
|
5
|
5
|
-
|
||||
Investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
-
|
-
|
475
|
475
|
374
|
||||
Financial investments:
|
|||||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
540
|
-
|
544
|
1,084
|
1,014
|
|||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
6,861
|
10,831
|
840
|
18,532
|
19,200
|
||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
16,335
|
2,809
|
9,148
|
28,292
|
23,629
|
|||
Other investments
|
28
|
16
|
13
|
57
|
48
|
||||
Deposits
|
188
|
214
|
371
|
773
|
769
|
||||
Total investments
|
23,952
|
13,870
|
11,396
|
49,218
|
45,034
|
||||
Assets held for sale
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
819
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
863
|
363
|
838
|
2,064
|
1,684
|
||||
Total assets
|
26,838
|
14,441
|
16,068
|
57,347
|
52,930
|
||||
Equity and liabilities
|
|||||||||
Equity
|
|||||||||
Shareholders’ equity
|
-
|
-
|
3,956
|
3,956
|
3,548
|
||||
Non-controlling interests
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
||||
Total equity
|
-
|
-
|
3,957
|
3,957
|
3,549
|
||||
Liabilities
|
|||||||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
|||||||||
Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)
|
19,642
|
13,355
|
9,519
|
42,516
|
40,068
|
||||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
2,553
|
-
|
-
|
2,553
|
2,102
|
||||
Total
|
C4.1(b)
|
22,195
|
13,355
|
9,519
|
45,069
|
42,170
|
|||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
474
|
27
|
233
|
734
|
719
|
||||
Other non-insurance liabilities
|
4,169
|
1,059
|
2,359
|
7,587
|
5,722
|
||||
Liabilities held for sale
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
770
|
||||
Total liabilities
|
26,838
|
14,441
|
12,111
|
53,390
|
49,381
|
||||
Total equity and liabilities
|
26,838
|
14,441
|
16,068
|
57,347
|
52,930
|
Note
|
C2.2
|
US insurance operations
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec
2014 £m
|
||||||||
Variable annuity
separate account
assets and
liabilities
|
Fixed annuity,
GIC and other
business
|
Total
|
Total
|
||||||
Note
|
note (i)
|
note (i)
|
|||||||
Assets
|
|||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
|||||||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangibles
|
-
|
6,168
|
6,168
|
5,197
|
|||||
Total
|
-
|
6,168
|
6,168
|
5,197
|
|||||
Deferred tax assets
|
-
|
2,448
|
2,448
|
2,343
|
|||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assetsnote (ii)
|
-
|
7,205
|
7,205
|
6,617
|
|||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
|||||||||
Investment properties
|
-
|
5
|
5
|
28
|
|||||
Financial investments:
|
|||||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
-
|
7,418
|
7,418
|
6,719
|
||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trustsnote (iii)
|
91,022
|
194
|
91,216
|
82,081
|
|||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
-
|
34,071
|
34,071
|
32,980
|
||||
Other investmentsnote (iv)
|
-
|
1,715
|
1,715
|
1,670
|
|||||
Total investments
|
91,022
|
43,403
|
134,425
|
123,478
|
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
-
|
1,405
|
1,405
|
904
|
|||||
Total assets
|
91,022
|
60,629
|
151,651
|
138,539
|
|||||
Equity and liabilities
|
|||||||||
Equity
|
|||||||||
Shareholders’ equitynote (v)
|
-
|
4,154
|
4,154
|
4,067
|
|||||
Total equity
|
-
|
4,154
|
4,154
|
4,067
|
|||||
Liabilities
|
|||||||||
Policyholder liabilities:
|
|||||||||
Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)
|
91,022
|
47,891
|
138,913
|
126,746
|
|||||
Total
|
C4.1(c)
|
91,022
|
47,891
|
138,913
|
126,746
|
||||
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
169
|
169
|
160
|
|||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
66
|
66
|
179
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
-
|
2,086
|
2,086
|
2,308
|
|||||
Other non-insurance liabilities
|
-
|
6,263
|
6,263
|
5,079
|
|||||
Total liabilities
|
91,022
|
56,475
|
147,497
|
134,472
|
|||||
Total equity and liabilities
|
91,022
|
60,629
|
151,651
|
138,539
|
(i)
|
These amounts are for separate account assets and liabilities for all variable annuity products comprising those with and without guarantees. Assets and liabilities attaching to variable annuity business that are not held in the separate account, eg, in respect of guarantees are shown within other business.
|
(ii)
|
Included within other non-investment and non-cash assets of £7,205 million (2014: £6,617 million) were balances of £6,211 million (2014: £5,979 million) for reinsurers’ share of insurance contract liabilities. Of the £6,211 million as at 31 December 2015, £5,388 million related to the reinsurance ceded by the REALIC business (2014: £5,174 million). Jackson holds collateral for certain of these reinsurance arrangements with a corresponding funds withheld liability. As of 31 December 2015, the funds withheld liability of £2,347 million (2014: £2,201 million) was recorded within other non-insurance liabilities.
|
(iii)
|
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts include investments in mutual funds, the majority of which are equity-based.
|
(iv)
|
Other investments comprise:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Derivative assets*
|
905
|
916
|
||
Partnerships in investment pools and other**
|
810
|
754
|
||
1,715
|
1,670
|
*
|
After taking account of the derivative liabilities of £249 million (2014: £251 million), which are included in other non-insurance liabilities, the derivative position for US operations is a net asset of £656 million (2014: £665 million).
|
**
|
Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise primarily investments in limited partnerships. These include interests in the PPM America Private Equity Fund and diversified investments in 162 (2014: 164) other partnerships by independent money managers that generally invest in various equities and fixed income loans and securities.
|
(v)
|
Changes in shareholders’ equity:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns B1.1
|
1,691
|
1,431
|
||
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns B1.2
|
(424)
|
(1,103)
|
||
Amortisation of acquisition accounting adjustments arising from the purchase of REALIC
|
(68)
|
(71)
|
||
Profit before shareholder tax
|
1,199
|
257
|
||
Tax B5
|
(236)
|
(8)
|
||
Profit for the year
|
963
|
249
|
||
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Profit for the year (as above)
|
963
|
249
|
||
Items recognised in other comprehensive income:
|
||||
Exchange movements
|
230
|
235
|
||
Unrealised valuation movements on securities classified as available-for sale:
|
||||
Unrealised holding (losses) gains arising during the year
|
(1,256)
|
1,039
|
||
Less: net gains included in the income statement on disposal and impairment
|
(49)
|
(83)
|
||
Total unrealised valuation movements
|
(1,305)
|
956
|
||
Related change in amortisation of deferred acquisition costs C5.1(b)
|
337
|
(87)
|
||
Related tax
|
339
|
(304)
|
||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income
|
(399)
|
800
|
||
Total comprehensive income for the year
|
564
|
1,049
|
||
Dividends, interest payments to central companies and other movements
|
(477)
|
(428)
|
||
Net increase in equity
|
87
|
621
|
||
Shareholders’ equity at beginning of year
|
4,067
|
3,446
|
||
Shareholders’ equity at end of year
|
4,154
|
4,067
|
C2.3
|
UK insurance operations
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec 2014 £m
|
|||||||||||||
Other funds and subsidiaries
|
||||||||||||||
Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
|
PAC
with
-profits
sub-fund
|
Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
|
Annuity
and
other
long-term
business
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
||||||||
By operating segment
|
Note
|
note (i)
|
note (ii)
|
|||||||||||
Assets
|
||||||||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
||||||||||||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
83
|
83
|
83
|
86
|
|||||||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
83
|
83
|
83
|
86
|
|||||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||||
In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes
|
-
|
185
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
185
|
186
|
|||||||
Deferred acquisition costs
|
-
|
8
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
8
|
7
|
|||||||
Total
|
-
|
193
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
193
|
193
|
|||||||
Total
|
-
|
193
|
-
|
83
|
83
|
276
|
279
|
|||||||
Deferred tax assets
|
1
|
82
|
-
|
49
|
49
|
132
|
132
|
|||||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
171
|
4,131
|
371
|
2,536
|
2,907
|
7,209
|
6,826
|
|||||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
|
||||||||||||||
Investment properties
|
358
|
10,757
|
705
|
1,592
|
2,297
|
13,412
|
12,736
|
|||||||
Investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
-
|
434
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
434
|
536
|
|||||||
Financial investments:
|
||||||||||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
61
|
1,998
|
-
|
1,512
|
1,512
|
3,571
|
4,254
|
||||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
2,530
|
29,804
|
15,214
|
45
|
15,259
|
47,593
|
43,468
|
|||||||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
2,331
|
42,204
|
6,481
|
32,085
|
38,566
|
83,101
|
86,349
|
||||||
Other investmentsnote (iii)
|
210
|
4,807
|
13
|
456
|
469
|
5,486
|
5,782
|
|||||||
Deposits
|
399
|
8,383
|
835
|
1,609
|
2,444
|
11,226
|
12,253
|
|||||||
Total investments
|
5,889
|
98,387
|
23,248
|
37,299
|
60,547
|
164,823
|
165,378
|
|||||||
Properties held for sale
|
-
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
5
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
169
|
1,591
|
466
|
654
|
1,120
|
2,880
|
2,457
|
|||||||
Total assets
|
6,230
|
104,386
|
24,085
|
40,621
|
64,706
|
175,322
|
175,077
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec 2014 £m
|
||||||||||||
Other funds and subsidiaries
|
|||||||||||||
Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
|
PAC with-profits sub-fund
|
Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
|
Annuity
and other
long-term
business
|
Total
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||||||
Note
|
note (i)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
||||||||||
Equity and liabilities
|
|||||||||||||
Equity
|
|||||||||||||
Shareholders’ equity
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
5,140
|
5,140
|
5,140
|
3,804
|
||||||
Total equity
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
5,140
|
5,140
|
5,140
|
3,804
|
||||||
Liabilities
|
|||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
|||||||||||||
Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under
IFRS 4)
|
5,919
|
83,607
|
21,442
|
31,382
|
52,824
|
142,350
|
144,088
|
||||||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of ‘realistic’ basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds)
|
-
|
10,543
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
10,543
|
10,348
|
||||||
Total
|
C4.1(d)
|
5,919
|
94,150
|
21,442
|
31,382
|
52,824
|
152,893
|
154,436
|
|||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
-
|
4
|
175
|
179
|
179
|
74
|
||||||
Borrowings attributable to with-profits funds
|
12
|
1,320
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,332
|
1,093
|
||||||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
31
|
821
|
-
|
310
|
310
|
1,162
|
1,228
|
||||||
Other non-insurance liabilities
|
268
|
8,095
|
2,639
|
3,614
|
6,253
|
14,616
|
14,442
|
||||||
Total liabilities
|
6,230
|
104,386
|
24,085
|
35,481
|
59,566
|
170,182
|
171,273
|
||||||
Total equity and liabilities
|
6,230
|
104,386
|
24,085
|
40,621
|
64,706
|
175,322
|
175,077
|
(i)
|
The fund is solely for the benefit of policyholders of SAIF. Shareholders have no interest in the profits of this fund although they are entitled to asset management fees on this business. SAIF is a separate sub-fund within the PAC long-term business fund.
|
(ii)
|
The PAC with-profits sub-fund (WPSF) mainly contains with-profits business but it also contains some non-profit business (unit-linked, term assurances and annuities). Included in the PAC with-profits fund is £10.8 billion (2014: £11.7 billion) of non-profits annuities liabilities. The WPSF’s profits are apportioned 90 per cent to its policyholders and 10 per cent to shareholders as surplus for distribution is determined via the annual actuarial valuation. For the purposes of this table and subsequent explanation, references to the WPSF also include, for convenience, the amounts attaching to the Defined Charges Participating Sub-fund which comprises 4 per cent of the total assets of the WPSF and includes the with-profits annuity business transferred to Prudential from the Equitable Life Assurance Society on 1 December 2007 (with assets of approximately £1.7 billion). Profits to shareholders on this with-profits annuity business emerge on a ‘charges less expenses’ basis and policyholders are entitled to 100 per cent of the investment earnings.
|
(iii)
|
Other investments comprise:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Derivative assets*
|
1,930
|
2,344
|
Partnerships in investment pools and other**
|
3,556
|
3,438
|
5,486
|
5,782
|
*
|
After taking account of derivative liabilities of £2,125 million (2014: £1,381 million), which are also included in the statement of financial position, the overall derivative position was a net liability of £195 million (2014: net asset of £963 million).
|
**
|
Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise mainly investments held by the PAC with-profits fund. These investments are primarily investments in limited partnerships and additionally, investments in property funds.
|
(iv)
|
The shareholders’ equity at 31 December 2015 includes the effect of a classification change of £702 million from Other operations to UK insurance operations in order to align with Solvency II segmental reporting, with no overall effect on the Group’s shareholders’ equity.
|
C2.4
|
Asset management operations
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
31 Dec 2014 £m
|
||||||||
M&G
|
Prudential
Capital
|
US
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
Total
|
Total
|
||||
Note
|
|||||||||
Assets
|
|||||||||
Intangible assets:
|
|||||||||
Goodwill
|
1,153
|
-
|
16
|
61
|
1,230
|
1,230
|
|||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
16
|
-
|
3
|
2
|
21
|
21
|
|||
Total
|
1,169
|
-
|
19
|
63
|
1,251
|
1,251
|
|||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets
|
715
|
614
|
236
|
79
|
1,644
|
1,605
|
|||
Investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
29
|
-
|
-
|
96
|
125
|
107
|
|||
Financial investments:
|
|||||||||
Loans
|
C3.4
|
-
|
885
|
-
|
-
|
885
|
854
|
||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
70
|
-
|
-
|
15
|
85
|
79
|
|||
Debt securities
|
C3.3
|
-
|
2,204
|
-
|
-
|
2,204
|
2,293
|
||
Other investments
|
15
|
74
|
5
|
-
|
94
|
121
|
|||
Deposits
|
-
|
-
|
50
|
39
|
89
|
74
|
|||
Total investments
|
114
|
3,163
|
55
|
150
|
3,482
|
3,528
|
|||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
430
|
415
|
79
|
130
|
1,054
|
1,044
|
|||
Total assets
|
2,428
|
4,192
|
389
|
422
|
7,431
|
7,428
|
|||
Equity and liabilities
|
|||||||||
Equity
|
|||||||||
Shareholders’ equity
|
1,774
|
70
|
182
|
306
|
2,332
|
2,077
|
|||
Total equity
|
1,774
|
70
|
182
|
306
|
2,332
|
2,077
|
|||
Liabilities
|
|||||||||
Core structural borrowing of shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
275
|
-
|
-
|
275
|
275
|
|||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
10
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
10
|
6
|
|||
Intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level note (i)
|
-
|
1,705
|
-
|
-
|
1,705
|
2,004
|
|||
Other non-insurance liabilitiesnote (ii)
|
644
|
2,142
|
207
|
116
|
3,109
|
3,066
|
|||
Total liabilities
|
654
|
4,122
|
207
|
116
|
5,099
|
5,351
|
|||
Total equity and liabilities
|
2,428
|
4,192
|
389
|
422
|
7,431
|
7,428
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
Intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level, which are in respect of Prudential Capital’s short-term fixed income security programme and comprise:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Commercial Paper
|
1,107
|
1,704
|
Medium Term Notes
|
598
|
300
|
Total intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level
|
1,705
|
2,004
|
(ii)
|
Other non-insurance liabilities consist primarily of intra-group balances, derivative liabilities and other creditors.
|
C3.1
|
Group assets and liabilities - classification
|
31 December 2015 £m
|
31 December 2014 £m
|
|||||||||||
At fair value
|
Cost/
amortised
cost/
IFRS 4
basis value
|
Total
carrying
value
|
Fair
value,
where
applicable
|
At fair value
|
Cost/
amortised
cost/
IFRS 4
basis value
|
Total
carrying
value
|
Fair
value,
where
applicable
|
|||||
note (i)
|
note (i)
|
|||||||||||
Assets
|
Through
profit
or loss
|
Available-for-sale
|
Through
profit
or loss
|
Available-for-sale
|
||||||||
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
|
||||||||||||
Goodwill
|
-
|
-
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
-
|
-
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
-
|
-
|
8,422
|
8,422
|
-
|
-
|
7,261
|
7,261
|
||||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
9,885
|
9,885
|
-
|
-
|
8,724
|
8,724
|
||||
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||
In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes
|
-
|
-
|
185
|
185
|
-
|
-
|
186
|
186
|
||||
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
-
|
-
|
50
|
50
|
-
|
-
|
61
|
61
|
||||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
235
|
235
|
-
|
-
|
247
|
247
|
||||
Total intangible assets
|
-
|
-
|
10,120
|
10,120
|
-
|
-
|
8,971
|
8,971
|
||||
Other non-investment and non-cash assets:
|
||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment
|
-
|
-
|
1,197
|
1,197
|
-
|
-
|
978
|
978
|
||||
Reinsurers’ share of insurance contract liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
7,903
|
7,903
|
-
|
-
|
7,167
|
7,167
|
||||
Deferred tax assets
|
-
|
-
|
2,819
|
2,819
|
-
|
-
|
2,765
|
2,765
|
||||
Current tax recoverable
|
-
|
-
|
477
|
477
|
-
|
-
|
117
|
117
|
||||
Accrued investment income
|
-
|
-
|
2,751
|
2,751
|
2,751
|
-
|
-
|
2,667
|
2,667
|
2,667
|
||
Other debtors
|
-
|
-
|
1,955
|
1,955
|
1,955
|
-
|
-
|
1,852
|
1,852
|
1,852
|
||
Total
|
-
|
-
|
17,102
|
17,102
|
-
|
-
|
15,546
|
15,546
|
||||
Investments of long-term business and other operations:note (ii)
|
||||||||||||
Investment properties
|
13,422
|
-
|
-
|
13,422
|
13,422
|
12,764
|
-
|
-
|
12,764
|
12,764
|
||
Investments accounted for using the equity method
|
-
|
-
|
1,034
|
1,034
|
-
|
-
|
1,017
|
1,017
|
||||
Loans
|
2,438
|
-
|
10,520
|
12,958
|
13,482
|
2,291
|
-
|
10,550
|
12,841
|
13,548
|
||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
157,453
|
-
|
-
|
157,453
|
157,453
|
144,862
|
-
|
-
|
144,862
|
144,862
|
||
Debt securities
|
113,687
|
33,984
|
-
|
147,671
|
147,671
|
112,354
|
32,897
|
-
|
145,251
|
145,251
|
||
Other investments
|
7,353
|
-
|
-
|
7,353
|
7,353
|
7,623
|
-
|
-
|
7,623
|
7,623
|
||
Deposits
|
-
|
-
|
12,088
|
12,088
|
12,088
|
-
|
-
|
13,096
|
13,096
|
13,096
|
||
Total investments
|
294,353
|
33,984
|
23,642
|
351,979
|
279,894
|
32,897
|
24,663
|
337,454
|
||||
Assets held for sale
|
2
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
2
|
824
|
-
|
-
|
824
|
824
|
||
Cash and cash equivalents
|
-
|
-
|
7,782
|
7,782
|
7,782
|
-
|
-
|
6,409
|
6,409
|
6,409
|
||
Total assets
|
294,355
|
33,984
|
58,646
|
386,985
|
280,718
|
32,897
|
55,589
|
369,204
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||||||||
At fair value
|
Cost/
amortised
cost/
IFRS 4
basis value
|
Total
carrying
value
|
Fair
value,
where
applicable
|
At fair value
|
Cost/
amortised
cost/
IFRS 4
basis value
|
Total
carrying
value
|
Fair
value,
where
applicable
|
|||||
Through
profit
or loss
|
Available-for-sale
|
Through
profit
or loss
|
Available-for-sale
|
|||||||||
Liabilities
|
||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:
|
||||||||||||
Insurance contract liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
260,622
|
260,622
|
-
|
-
|
250,038
|
250,038
|
||||
Investment contract liabilities with discretionary participation features note (iii)
|
-
|
-
|
42,959
|
42,959
|
-
|
-
|
39,277
|
39,277
|
||||
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features
|
16,022
|
-
|
2,784
|
18,806
|
18,842
|
17,554
|
-
|
2,670
|
20,224
|
20,211
|
||
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
-
|
-
|
13,227
|
13,227
|
-
|
-
|
12,450
|
12,450
|
||||
Total
|
16,022
|
-
|
319,592
|
335,614
|
17,554
|
-
|
304,435
|
321,989
|
||||
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
-
|
5,011
|
5,011
|
5,419
|
-
|
-
|
4,304
|
4,304
|
4,925
|
||
Other borrowings:
|
||||||||||||
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
-
|
-
|
1,960
|
1,960
|
1,960
|
-
|
-
|
2,263
|
2,263
|
2,263
|
||
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
|
-
|
-
|
1,332
|
1,332
|
1,344
|
-
|
-
|
1,093
|
1,093
|
1,108
|
||
Other non-insurance liabilities:
|
||||||||||||
Obligations under funding, securities lending and sale and repurchase agreements
|
-
|
-
|
3,765
|
3,765
|
3,775
|
-
|
-
|
2,347
|
2,347
|
2,361
|
||
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds
|
7,873
|
-
|
-
|
7,873
|
7,873
|
7,357
|
-
|
-
|
7,357
|
7,357
|
||
Deferred tax liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
4,010
|
4,010
|
-
|
-
|
4,291
|
4,291
|
||||
Current tax liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
325
|
325
|
-
|
-
|
617
|
617
|
||||
Accruals and deferred income
|
-
|
-
|
952
|
952
|
-
|
-
|
947
|
947
|
||||
Other creditors
|
322
|
-
|
4,554
|
4,876
|
4,876
|
327
|
-
|
3,935
|
4,262
|
4,262
|
||
Provisions
|
-
|
-
|
604
|
604
|
-
|
-
|
724
|
724
|
||||
Derivative liabilities
|
3,119
|
-
|
-
|
3,119
|
3,119
|
2,323
|
-
|
-
|
2,323
|
2,323
|
||
Other liabilities
|
2,347
|
-
|
2,241
|
4,588
|
4,588
|
2,201
|
-
|
1,904
|
4,105
|
4,105
|
||
Total
|
13,661
|
-
|
16,451
|
30,112
|
12,208
|
-
|
14,765
|
26,973
|
||||
Liabilities held for sale
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
770
|
-
|
-
|
770
|
770
|
|||
Total liabilities
|
29,683
|
-
|
344,346
|
374,029
|
30,532
|
-
|
326,860
|
357,392
|
(i)
|
Assets carried at cost or amortised cost are subject to impairment testing where appropriate under IFRS requirements. This category also includes assets which are valued by reference to specific IFRS standards such as reinsurers’ share of insurance contract liabilities, deferred tax assets and investments accounted for under the equity method.
|
(ii)
|
Realised gains and losses on the Group’s investments for 2015 recognised in the income statement amounted to a net gain of £3.0 billion (2014: £2.9 billion).
|
(iii)
|
The carrying value of investment contracts with discretionary participation features is on IFRS 4 basis. It is impractical to determine the fair value of these contracts due to the lack of a reliable basis to measure participation features.
|
C3.2
|
Group assets and liabilities - measurement
|
(a)
|
Determination of fair value
|
(b)
|
Fair value measurement hierarchy of Group assets and liabilities
|
|
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the statement of financial position
|
31 Dec 2015 £m
|
|||||
Level 1
|
Level 2
|
Level 3
|
Total
|
||
Quoted prices
(unadjusted)
in active markets
|
Valuation based
on significant
observable
market inputs
|
Valuation based
on significant
unobservable
market inputs
|
|||
Analysis of financial investments, net of derivative liabilities by business type
|
|||||
With-profits
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
35,441
|
3,200
|
554
|
39,195
|
|
Debt securities
|
20,312
|
40,033
|
525
|
60,870
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
85
|
1,589
|
3,371
|
5,045
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(110)
|
(1,526)
|
-
|
(1,636)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
55,728
|
43,296
|
4,450
|
103,474
|
|
Percentage of total
|
54%
|
42%
|
4%
|
100%
|
|
Unit-linked and variable annuity separate account
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
116,691
|
354
|
22
|
117,067
|
|
Debt securities
|
4,350
|
4,940
|
-
|
9,290
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
5
|
20
|
4
|
29
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(2)
|
(16)
|
-
|
(18)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
121,044
|
5,298
|
26
|
126,368
|
|
Percentage of total
|
96%
|
4%
|
0%
|
100%
|
|
Non-linked shareholder-backed
|
|||||
Loans
|
-
|
255
|
2,183
|
2,438
|
|
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
1,150
|
10
|
31
|
1,191
|
|
Debt securities
|
17,767
|
59,491
|
253
|
77,511
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
-
|
1,378
|
901
|
2,279
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
-
|
(1,112)
|
(353)
|
(1,465)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
18,917
|
60,022
|
3,015
|
81,954
|
|
Percentage of total
|
23%
|
73%
|
4%
|
100%
|
|
Group total analysis, including other financial liabilities held at fair value
|
|||||
Group total
|
|||||
Loans*
|
-
|
255
|
2,183
|
2,438
|
|
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
153,282
|
3,564
|
607
|
157,453
|
|
Debt securities
|
42,429
|
104,464
|
778
|
147,671
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
90
|
2,987
|
4,276
|
7,353
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(112)
|
(2,654)
|
(353)
|
(3,119)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
195,689
|
108,616
|
7,491
|
311,796
|
|
Investment contracts liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value
|
-
|
(16,022)
|
-
|
(16,022)
|
|
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds
|
(5,782)
|
(1,055)
|
(1,036)
|
(7,873)
|
|
Other financial liabilities held at fair value
|
-
|
(322)
|
(2,347)
|
(2,669)
|
|
Total financial instruments at fair value
|
189,907
|
91,217
|
4,108
|
285,232
|
|
Percentage of total
|
67%
|
32%
|
1%
|
100%
|
31 Dec 2014 £m
|
|||||
Level 1
|
Level 2
|
Level 3
|
Total
|
||
Quoted prices
(unadjusted)
in active markets
|
Valuation based
on significant
observable
market inputs
|
Valuation based
on significant
unobservable
market inputs
|
|||
Analysis of financial investments, net of derivative liabilities by business type
|
|||||
With-profits
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
31,136
|
2,832
|
694
|
34,662
|
|
Debt securities
|
16,415
|
42,576
|
582
|
59,573
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
96
|
1,997
|
3,252
|
5,345
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(72)
|
(1,024)
|
-
|
(1,096)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
47,575
|
46,381
|
4,528
|
98,484
|
|
Percentage of total
|
48%
|
47%
|
5%
|
100%
|
|
Unit-linked and variable annuity separate account
|
|||||
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
108,392
|
336
|
21
|
108,749
|
|
Debt securities
|
4,509
|
6,375
|
11
|
10,895
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
4
|
29
|
-
|
33
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(10)
|
(12)
|
-
|
(22)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
112,895
|
6,728
|
32
|
119,655
|
|
Percentage of total
|
94%
|
6%
|
0%
|
100%
|
|
Non-linked shareholder-backed
|
|||||
Loans
|
-
|
266
|
2,025
|
2,291
|
|
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
1,303
|
116
|
32
|
1,451
|
|
Debt securities
|
15,806
|
58,780
|
197
|
74,783
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
-
|
1,469
|
776
|
2,245
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
-
|
(867)
|
(338)
|
(1,205)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
17,109
|
59,764
|
2,692
|
79,565
|
|
Percentage of total
|
22%
|
75%
|
3%
|
100%
|
|
Group total analysis, including other financial liabilities held at fair value
|
|||||
Group total
|
|||||
Loans*
|
-
|
266
|
2,025
|
2,291
|
|
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts
|
140,831
|
3,284
|
747
|
144,862
|
|
Debt securities
|
36,730
|
107,731
|
790
|
145,251
|
|
Other investments (including derivative assets)
|
100
|
3,495
|
4,028
|
7,623
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
(82)
|
(1,903)
|
(338)
|
(2,323)
|
|
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities
|
177,579
|
112,873
|
7,252
|
297,704
|
|
Investment contracts liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value
|
-
|
(17,554)
|
-
|
(17,554)
|
|
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds
|
(5,395)
|
(671)
|
(1,291)
|
(7,357)
|
|
Other financial liabilities held at fair value
|
-
|
(327)
|
(2,201)
|
(2,528)
|
|
Total financial instruments at fair value
|
172,184
|
94,321
|
3,760
|
270,265
|
|
Percentage of total
|
64%
|
35%
|
1%
|
100%
|
Investment properties at fair value
|
||||
£m
|
||||
Level 1
|
Level 2
|
Level 3
|
Total
|
|
Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets
|
Valuation based on significant observable market inputs
|
Valuation based on significant unobservable market inputs
|
||
2015
|
-
|
-
|
13,422
|
13,422
|
2014
|
-
|
-
|
12,764
|
12,764
|
(c)
|
Valuation approach for level 2 fair valued assets and liabilities
|
(a)
|
Debt securities of £381 million (2014: £298 million), which were either valued on a discounted cash flow method with an internally developed discount rate or on external prices adjusted to reflect the specific known conditions relating to these securities (eg distressed securities or securities which were being restructured).
|
(b)
|
Private equity and venture investments of £852 million (2014: £1,002 million) which were valued internally based on management information available for these investments. These investments were principally held by consolidated investment funds which are managed on behalf of third parties.
|
(c)
|
Liabilities of £(1,013) million (2014: £(1,269) million) for the net asset value attributable to external unit holders in respect of the consolidated investment funds, which are non-recourse to the Group. These liabilities are valued by reference to the underlying assets.
|
(d)
|
Derivative liabilities of £(353) million (2014: £(23) million) which are valued internally using standard market practices but are subject to independent assessment against external counterparties’ valuations.
|
(e)
|
Other sundry individual financial investments of £56 million (2014: £3 million).
|
(a)
|
A net asset of £29 million (2014: net liability of £(133) million) was held by the Group’s participating funds and therefore shareholders’ profit and equity are not impacted by movements in the valuation of these financial instruments.
|
(b)
|
A net liability of £(106) million (2014: net asset of £144 million) was held to support non-linked shareholder-backed business. If the value of all the level 3 instruments held to support non-linked shareholder-backed business valued internally was varied downwards by 10 per cent, the change in valuation would be £11 million (2014: £14 million), which would reduce shareholders’ equity by this amount before tax. Of this amount, a decrease of £10 million (2014: a decrease of £13 million) would pass through the income statement substantially as part of short-term fluctuations in investment returns outside of operating profit and a £1 million decrease (2014: a decrease of £1 million) would be included as part of other comprehensive income, being unrealised movements on assets classified as available-for-sale.
|
Other assets at fair value – investment properties
|
(e)
|
Transfers into and transfers out of levels
|
(f)
|
Valuation processes applied by the Group
|
C3.3
|
Debt securities
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Insurance operations:
|
|||
Asia note (a)
|
28,292
|
23,629
|
|
US note (b)
|
34,071
|
32,980
|
|
UK note (c)
|
83,101
|
86,349
|
|
Other operationsnote (d)
|
2,207
|
2,293
|
|
Total
|
147,671
|
145,251
|
(a)
|
Asia insurance operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||
With-profits
business
|
Unit-linked
assets
|
Other
business
|
Total
|
Total
|
||
S&P – AAA
|
831
|
30
|
178
|
1,039
|
962
|
|
S&P – AA+ to AA-
|
5,997
|
395
|
1,228
|
7,620
|
6,332
|
|
S&P – A+ to A-
|
1,872
|
341
|
1,701
|
3,914
|
3,922
|
|
S&P – BBB+ to BBB-
|
1,872
|
734
|
1,527
|
4,133
|
3,545
|
|
S&P – Other
|
1,778
|
192
|
1,213
|
3,183
|
1,839
|
|
12,350
|
1,692
|
5,847
|
19,889
|
16,600
|
||
Moody’s – Aaa
|
558
|
184
|
290
|
1,032
|
1,282
|
|
Moody’s – Aa1 to Aa3
|
173
|
9
|
1,310
|
1,492
|
1,141
|
|
Moody’s – A1 to A3
|
497
|
68
|
178
|
743
|
366
|
|
Moody’s – Baa1 to Baa3
|
324
|
285
|
181
|
790
|
585
|
|
Moody’s – Other
|
79
|
10
|
9
|
98
|
68
|
|
1,631
|
556
|
1,968
|
4,155
|
3,442
|
||
Fitch
|
861
|
162
|
389
|
1,412
|
1,009
|
|
Other
|
1,493
|
399
|
944
|
2,836
|
2,578
|
|
Total debt securities
|
16,335
|
2,809
|
9,148
|
28,292
|
23,629
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||
Government bonds
|
162
|
174
|
||||
Corporate bonds*
|
481
|
654
|
||||
Other
|
301
|
134
|
||||
944
|
962
|
*
|
Rated as investment grade by local external ratings agencies.
|
(b)
|
US insurance operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Corporate and government security and commercial loans:
|
||||
Government
|
4,242
|
3,972
|
||
Publicly traded and SEC Rule 144A securities*
|
21,776
|
20,745
|
||
Non-SEC Rule 144A securities
|
3,733
|
3,745
|
||
Total
|
29,751
|
28,462
|
||
Residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS)
|
1,284
|
1,567
|
||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS)
|
2,403
|
2,343
|
||
Other debt securities
|
633
|
608
|
||
Total US debt securities†
|
34,071
|
32,980
|
*
|
A 1990 SEC rule that facilitates the resale of privately placed securities under Rule 144A that are without SEC registration to qualified institutional investors. The rule was designed to develop a more liquid and efficient institutional resale market for unregistered securities.
|
†
|
Debt securities for US operations included in the statement of financial position comprise:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Available-for-sale
|
33,984
|
32,897
|
|
Fair value through profit or loss:
|
|||
Securities held to back liabilities for funds withheld under reinsurance arrangement
|
87
|
83
|
|
34,071
|
32,980
|
(ii)
|
Valuation basis, presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealised loss position
|
Under IAS 39, unless categorised as ‘held to maturity’ or ‘loans and receivables’, debt securities are required to be fair valued. Where available, quoted market prices are used. However, where securities do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades or where markets for the securities are no longer active as a result of market conditions, IAS 39 requires that valuation techniques be applied. IFRS 13 requires classification of the fair values applied by the Group into a three-level hierarchy. At 31 December 2015, 0.1 per cent of Jackson’s debt securities were classified as level 3 (31 December 2014: 0.1 per cent) comprising of fair values where there are significant inputs which are not based on observable market data.
|
Movements in unrealised gains and losses on available-for-sale securities
|
2015
|
Changes in
unrealised
appreciation**
|
Foreign
exchange
translation
|
2014
|
||
Reflected as part of movement in other comprehensive income
|
|||||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
||
Assets fair valued at below book value
|
|||||
Book value*
|
13,163
|
5,899
|
|||
Unrealised loss
|
(673)
|
(464)
|
(29)
|
(180)
|
|
Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)
|
12,490
|
5,719
|
|||
Assets fair valued at or above book value
|
|||||
Book value*
|
20,229
|
25,158
|
|||
Unrealised gain
|
1,265
|
(841)
|
86
|
2,020
|
|
Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)
|
21,494
|
27,178
|
|||
Total
|
|||||
Book value*
|
33,392
|
31,057
|
|||
Net unrealised gain
|
592
|
(1,305)
|
57
|
1,840
|
|
Fair value (as included in the footnote above in the overview table and the statement of financial position)
|
33,984
|
32,897
|
*
|
Book value represents cost/amortised cost of the debt securities.
|
**
|
Translated at the average rate of US$1.4739: £1.00.
|
Debt securities classified as available-for-sale in an unrealised loss position
|
(a)
|
Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
Fair
value
|
Unrealised
loss
|
Fair
value
|
Unrealised
loss
|
||||
Between 90% and 100%
|
11,058
|
(320)
|
5,429
|
(124)
|
|||
Between 80% and 90%
|
902
|
(144)
|
245
|
(37)
|
|||
Below 80%:
|
|||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities - sub-prime
|
4
|
(1)
|
4
|
(1)
|
|||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
-
|
-
|
10
|
(3)
|
|||
Other asset-backed securities
|
9
|
(7)
|
9
|
(6)
|
|||
Corporates
|
517
|
(201)
|
22
|
(9)
|
|||
530
|
(209)
|
45
|
(19)
|
||||
Total
|
12,490
|
(673)
|
5,719
|
(180)
|
(b)
|
Unrealised losses by maturity of security
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
1 year to 5 years
|
(51)
|
(5)
|
|
5 years to 10 years
|
(334)
|
(90)
|
|
More than 10 years
|
(247)
|
(54)
|
|
Mortgage-backed and other debt securities
|
(41)
|
(31)
|
|
Total
|
(673)
|
(180)
|
(c)
|
Age analysis of unrealised losses for the periods indicated
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
|
Non-
investment
grade
|
Investment
grade
|
Total
|
Non-
investment
grade
|
Investment
grade
|
Total
|
|
|
|||||||
Less than 6 months
|
(13)
|
(148)
|
(161)
|
(18)
|
(46)
|
(64)
|
|
6 months to 1 year
|
(17)
|
(332)
|
(349)
|
(1)
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
|
1 year to 2 years
|
(16)
|
(63)
|
(79)
|
(6)
|
(51)
|
(57)
|
|
2 years to 3 years
|
(3)
|
(38)
|
(41)
|
(1)
|
(36)
|
(37)
|
|
More than 3 years
|
(3)
|
(40)
|
(43)
|
(7)
|
(13)
|
(20)
|
|
Total
|
(52)
|
(621)
|
(673)
|
(33)
|
(147)
|
(180)
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
Age analysis
|
Fair
value
|
Unrealised
loss
|
Fair
value
|
Unrealised
loss
|
|
Less than 3 months
|
450
|
(165)
|
17
|
(7)
|
|
3 months to 6 months
|
64
|
(34)
|
3
|
(1)
|
|
More than 6 months
|
16
|
(10)
|
25
|
(11)
|
|
530
|
(209)
|
45
|
(19)
|
(iii)
|
Ratings
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
S&P – AAA
|
196
|
164
|
||
S&P – AA+ to AA-
|
5,512
|
6,067
|
||
S&P – A+ to A-
|
8,592
|
8,640
|
||
S&P – BBB+ to BBB-
|
11,378
|
10,308
|
||
S&P – Other
|
817
|
1,016
|
||
26,495
|
26,195
|
|||
Moody’s – Aaa
|
963
|
84
|
||
Moody’s – Aa1 to Aa3
|
41
|
29
|
||
Moody’s – A1 to A3
|
49
|
27
|
||
Moody’s – Baa1 to Baa3
|
88
|
72
|
||
Moody’s – Other
|
13
|
8
|
||
1,154
|
220
|
|||
Implicit ratings of MBS based on NAIC* valuations (see below)
|
||||
NAIC 1
|
2,746
|
2,786
|
||
NAIC 2
|
45
|
85
|
||
NAIC 3-6
|
17
|
58
|
||
2,808
|
2,929
|
|||
Fitch
|
345
|
300
|
||
Other **
|
3,269
|
3,336
|
||
Total debt securities (see overview table in note (i) above)
|
34,071
|
32,980
|
*
|
The Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC classifies debt securities into six quality categories ranging from Class 1 (the highest) to Class 6 (the lowest). Performing securities are designated as Classes 1 to 5 and securities in or near default are designated Class 6.
|
**
|
The amounts within ‘Other’ which are not rated by S&P, Moody's nor Fitch, nor are MBS securities using the revised regulatory ratings, have the following NAIC classifications:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
NAIC 1
|
1,588
|
1,322
|
NAIC 2
|
1,549
|
1,890
|
NAIC 3-6
|
132
|
124
|
3,269
|
3,336
|
(c)
|
UK insurance operations
|
2015 £m
|
|||||||||
Other funds and subsidiaries
|
UK insurance operations
|
||||||||
Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
|
PAC with-profits fund
|
Unit-linked
assets
|
PRIL
|
Other
annuity and
long-term
business
|
2015
Total
|
2014
Total
|
|||
£m
|
£m
|
||||||||
S&P – AAA
|
216
|
4,067
|
984
|
3,779
|
531
|
9,577
|
9,376
|
||
S&P – AA+ to AA-
|
454
|
5,627
|
853
|
3,990
|
518
|
11,442
|
11,249
|
||
S&P – A+ to A-
|
514
|
7,937
|
1,049
|
6,239
|
700
|
16,439
|
21,491
|
||
S&P – BBB+ to BBB-
|
618
|
10,953
|
1,888
|
3,912
|
717
|
18,088
|
16,741
|
||
S&P – Other
|
140
|
2,277
|
244
|
269
|
60
|
2,990
|
2,867
|
||
1,942
|
30,861
|
5,018
|
18,189
|
2,526
|
58,536
|
61,724
|
|||
Moody’s – Aaa
|
31
|
1,230
|
106
|
399
|
51
|
1,817
|
2,063
|
||
Moody’s – Aa1 to Aa3
|
67
|
2,159
|
989
|
3,611
|
901
|
7,727
|
7,129
|
||
Moody’s – A1 to A3
|
51
|
921
|
112
|
1,466
|
188
|
2,738
|
2,686
|
||
Moody’s – Baa1 to Baa3
|
29
|
569
|
100
|
304
|
29
|
1,031
|
1,376
|
||
Moody’s – Other
|
7
|
244
|
10
|
57
|
-
|
318
|
436
|
||
185
|
5,123
|
1,317
|
5,837
|
1,169
|
13,631
|
13,690
|
|||
Fitch
|
12
|
323
|
43
|
160
|
14
|
552
|
848
|
||
Other
|
192
|
5,897
|
103
|
3,839
|
351
|
10,382
|
10,087
|
||
Total debt securities
|
2,331
|
42,204
|
6,481
|
28,025
|
4,060
|
83,101
|
86,349
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Internal ratings or unrated:
|
|||
AAA to A-
|
5,570
|
4,917
|
|
BBB to B-
|
3,234
|
3,755
|
|
Below B- or unrated
|
1,578
|
1,415
|
|
Total
|
10,382
|
10,087
|
(d)
|
Other operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
AAA to A- by S&P or equivalent ratings
|
2,090
|
2,056
|
||
Other
|
117
|
237
|
||
Total
|
2,207
|
2,293
|
(e)
|
Asset-backed securities
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Shareholder-backed operations:
|
||
Asia insurance operations note (i)
|
111
|
104
|
US insurance operations note (ii)
|
4,320
|
4,518
|
UK insurance operations (2015: 21% AAA, 40% AA)note (iii)
|
1,531
|
1,864
|
Asset management operationsnote (iv)
|
911
|
875
|
6,873
|
7,361
|
|
With-profits operations:
|
||
Asia insurance operations note (i)
|
262
|
228
|
UK insurance operations (2015: 52% AAA, 20% AA)note (iii)
|
4,600
|
5,126
|
4,862
|
5,354
|
|
Total
|
11,735
|
12,715
|
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
Asia insurance operations
|
(ii)
|
US insurance operations
|
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
RMBS
|
||||
RMBS Sub-prime (2015: 4% AAA, 13% AA, 7% A)
|
191
|
235
|
||
Alt-A (2015: 1% AA, 3% A)
|
191
|
244
|
||
Prime including agency (2015: 77% AA, 2% A)
|
902
|
1,088
|
||
CMBS (2015: 57% AAA, 24% AA, 16% A)
|
2,403
|
2,343
|
||
CDO funds (2015: 44% AAA, 2% AA, 23% A), including £nil exposure to sub-prime
|
52
|
53
|
||
Other ABS (2015: 24% AAA, 12% AA, 54% A), including £69 million exposure to sub-prime
|
581
|
555
|
||
Total
|
4,320
|
4,518
|
(iii)
|
UK insurance operations
|
(iv)
|
Asset management operations
|
|
Asset management operations’ exposure to asset-backed securities is held by Prudential Capital with no sub-prime exposure. Of the £911 million, 95 per cent (2014: 89 per cent) are graded AAA.
|
(f)
|
Group sovereign debt and bank debt exposure
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
Shareholder-backed
business
|
With-profits
funds
|
Shareholder-backed
business
|
With-profits
funds
|
||
Italy
|
55
|
60
|
62
|
61
|
|
Spain
|
1
|
17
|
1
|
18
|
|
France
|
19
|
-
|
20
|
-
|
|
Germany*
|
409
|
358
|
388
|
336
|
|
Other Eurozone (principally Belgium)
|
62
|
44
|
5
|
29
|
|
Total Eurozone
|
546
|
479
|
476
|
444
|
|
United Kingdom
|
4,997
|
1,802
|
4,104
|
2,065
|
|
United States**
|
3,911
|
6,893
|
3,607
|
5,771
|
|
Other, predominantly Asia
|
3,368
|
1,737
|
2,787
|
1,714
|
|
Total
|
12,822
|
10,911
|
10,974
|
9,994
|
*
|
Including bonds guaranteed by the federal government.
|
**
|
The exposure to the United States sovereign debt comprises holdings of Jackson, the UK and Asia insurance operations.
|
2015 £m
|
|||||||||||
Senior debt
|
Subordinated debt
|
||||||||||
Shareholder-backed business
|
Covered
|
Senior
|
Total
senior
debt
|
Tier 1
|
Tier 2
|
Total
subordinated
debt
|
2015
Total
£m
|
2014
Total
£m
|
|||
Italy
|
-
|
30
|
30
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
30
|
31
|
|||
Spain
|
143
|
11
|
154
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
154
|
133
|
|||
France
|
26
|
126
|
152
|
8
|
66
|
74
|
226
|
249
|
|||
Germany
|
66
|
4
|
70
|
-
|
60
|
60
|
130
|
111
|
|||
Netherlands
|
-
|
31
|
31
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
31
|
124
|
|||
Other Eurozone
|
-
|
20
|
20
|
-
|
11
|
11
|
31
|
53
|
|||
Total Eurozone
|
235
|
222
|
457
|
8
|
137
|
145
|
602
|
701
|
|||
United Kingdom
|
423
|
157
|
580
|
6
|
371
|
377
|
957
|
1,296
|
|||
United States
|
-
|
2,227
|
2,227
|
4
|
226
|
230
|
2,457
|
2,484
|
|||
Other, predominantly Asia
|
19
|
333
|
352
|
53
|
313
|
366
|
718
|
735
|
|||
Total
|
677
|
2,939
|
3,616
|
71
|
1,047
|
1,118
|
4,734
|
5,216
|
|||
With-profits funds
|
|||||||||||
Italy
|
-
|
57
|
57
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
57
|
67
|
|||
Spain
|
156
|
26
|
182
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
182
|
186
|
|||
France
|
9
|
179
|
188
|
-
|
62
|
62
|
250
|
206
|
|||
Germany
|
94
|
17
|
111
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
111
|
128
|
|||
Netherlands
|
-
|
200
|
200
|
5
|
-
|
5
|
205
|
195
|
|||
Other Eurozone
|
-
|
35
|
35
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
35
|
24
|
|||
Total Eurozone
|
259
|
514
|
773
|
5
|
62
|
67
|
840
|
806
|
|||
United Kingdom
|
545
|
289
|
834
|
27
|
490
|
517
|
1,351
|
1,561
|
|||
United States
|
-
|
1,414
|
1,414
|
141
|
241
|
382
|
1,796
|
2,064
|
|||
Other, predominantly Asia
|
257
|
888
|
1,145
|
189
|
322
|
511
|
1,656
|
1,396
|
|||
Total
|
1,061
|
3,105
|
4,166
|
362
|
1,115
|
1,477
|
5,643
|
5,827
|
C3.4
|
Loans portfolio
|
–
|
Certain mortgage loans which have been designated at fair value through profit or loss of the UK insurance operations as this loan portfolio is managed and evaluated on a fair value basis; and
|
–
|
Certain policy loans of the US insurance operations which are held to back liabilities for funds withheld under reinsurance arrangement and are also accounted on a fair value basis. See note (b).
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Insurance operations:
|
|||
Asianote (a)
|
1,084
|
1,014
|
|
USnote (b)
|
7,418
|
6,719
|
|
UKnote (c)
|
3,571
|
4,254
|
|
Asset management operationsnote (d)
|
885
|
854
|
|
Total
|
12,958
|
12,841
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Mortgage loans‡
|
130
|
88
|
Policy loans‡
|
721
|
672
|
Other loans‡‡
|
233
|
254
|
Total Asia insurance operations loans
|
1,084
|
1,014
|
‡
|
The mortgage and policy loans are secured by properties and life insurance policies respectively.
|
‡‡
|
The majority of the other loans are commercial loans held by the Malaysia operation and which are all investment graded by two local rating agencies.
|
(b)
|
US insurance operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
Loans backing liabilities for funds withheld
|
Other loans
|
Total
|
Loans backing liabilities for funds withheld
|
Other loans
|
Total
|
||
Mortgage loans†
|
-
|
4,367
|
4,367
|
-
|
3,847
|
3,847
|
|
Policy loans††
|
2,183
|
868
|
3,051
|
2,025
|
847
|
2,872
|
|
Total US insurance operations loans
|
2,183
|
5,235
|
7,418
|
2,025
|
4,694
|
6,719
|
†
|
All of the mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans which are collateralised by properties. The property types are industrial, multi-family residential, suburban office, retail and hotel.
|
|
††The policy loans are fully secured by individual life insurance policies or annuity policies. Policy loans backing liabilities for funds withheld under reinsurance arrangements are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss. All other policy loans are accounted for at amortised cost, less any impairment.
|
(c)
|
UK insurance operations
|
|
The loans of the Group’s UK insurance operations comprise:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
SAIF and PAC WPSF
|
|||
Mortgage loans†
|
727
|
1,145
|
|
Policy loans
|
8
|
10
|
|
Other loans‡
|
1,324
|
1,510
|
|
Total SAIF and PAC WPSF loans
|
2,059
|
2,665
|
|
Shareholder-backed operations
|
|||
Mortgage loans†
|
1,508
|
1,585
|
|
Other loans
|
4
|
4
|
|
Total loans of shareholder-backed operations
|
1,512
|
1,589
|
|
Total UK insurance operations loans
|
3,571
|
4,254
|
†
|
The mortgage loans are collateralised by properties. By carrying value, 78 per cent of the £1,508 million held for shareholder-backed business relates to lifetime (equity release) mortgage business which has an average loan to property value of 30 per cent.
|
‡
|
Other loans held by the PAC with-profits fund are all commercial loans and comprise mainly syndicated loans.
|
(d)
|
Asset management operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Loans and receivables internal ratings:
|
|||
AAA
|
-
|
101
|
|
A+ to A-
|
157
|
161
|
|
BBB+ to BBB-
|
607
|
244
|
|
BB+ to BB-
|
119
|
49
|
|
B and other
|
2
|
299
|
|
Total
|
885
|
854
|
C4
|
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus
|
Insurance operations £m
|
|||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
|
||
note C4.1(b)
|
note C4.1(c)
|
note C4.1(d)
|
|||
At 1 January 2014
|
35,146
|
107,411
|
146,616
|
289,173
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
31,910
|
107,411
|
134,632
|
273,953
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
77
|
-
|
11,984
|
12,061
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities of joint ventures§
|
3,159
|
-
|
-
|
3,159
|
|
Reallocation of unallocated surplus for the domestication of the Hong Kong branch*
|
1,690
|
-
|
(1,690)
|
-
|
|
Net flows:
|
|||||
Premiums
|
7,058
|
15,492
|
7,902
|
30,452
|
|
Surrenders
|
(2,425)
|
(5,922)
|
(5,656)
|
(14,003)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(1,259)
|
(1,307)
|
(6,756)
|
(9,322)
|
|
Net flows
|
3,374
|
8,263
|
(4,510)
|
7,127
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(40)
|
-
|
(200)
|
(240)
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements
|
3,480
|
3,712
|
14,310
|
21,502
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
1,372
|
7,360
|
(90)
|
8,642
|
|
As at 31 December 2014 / 1 January 2015
|
45,022
|
126,746
|
154,436
|
326,204
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
38,705
|
126,746
|
144,088
|
309,539
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
2,102
|
-
|
10,348
|
12,450
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities of joint ventures§
|
4,215
|
-
|
-
|
4,215
|
|
Net flows:
|
|||||
Premiums
|
7,784
|
16,699
|
9,692
|
34,175
|
|
Surrenders
|
(2,550)
|
(6,759)
|
(6,363)
|
(15,672)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(1,265)
|
(1,464)
|
(6,991)
|
(9,720)
|
|
Net flows
|
3,969
|
8,476
|
(3,662)
|
8,783
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(43)
|
-
|
(214)
|
(257)
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements
|
(364)
|
(3,824)
|
2,319
|
(1,869)
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
194
|
7,515
|
14
|
7,723
|
|
At 31 December 2015
|
48,778
|
138,913
|
152,893
|
340,584
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position¶
|
41,255
|
138,913
|
142,350
|
322,518
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position†
|
2,553
|
-
|
10,543
|
13,096
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities of joint ventures§
|
4,970
|
-
|
-
|
4,970
|
|
Average policyholder liability balances͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎͎
|
|||||
2015
|
44,573
|
132,830
|
143,219
|
320,622
|
|
2014
|
38,993
|
117,079
|
139,362
|
295,434
|
*
|
On 1 January 2014, following consultation with the policyholders of PAC and regulators and court approval, the Hong Kong branch of PAC was transferred to separate subsidiaries established in Hong Kong. From this date, the unallocated surplus of the Hong Kong with-profits business is reported within the Asia insurance operations segment.
|
†
|
Averages have been based on opening and closing balances and adjusted for acquisitions, disposals and corporate transactions in the year and exclude unallocated surplus of with-profits funds.
|
§
|
The Group’s investment in joint ventures are accounted for on an equity method basis in the Group’s balance sheet. The Group’s share of the policyholder liabilities as shown above relate to the joint venture life businesses in China, India and of the Takaful business in Malaysia.
|
¶
|
The policyholder liabilities of the Asia insurance operations of £41,255 million (2014: £38,705 million), shown in the table above, is after deducting the intra-group reinsurance liabilities ceded by the UK insurance operations of £1,261 million (2014: £1,363 million) to the Hong Kong with-profits business. Including this amount total Asia policyholder liabilities are £42,516 million (2014: £40,068 million).
|
(ii)
|
Analysis of movements in policyholder liabilities for shareholder-backed business
|
Shareholder-backed business £m
|
|||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
|
||
At 1 January 2014
|
21,931
|
107,411
|
50,779
|
180,121
|
|
Net flows:
|
|||||
Premiums
|
4,799
|
15,492
|
4,951
|
25,242
|
|
Surrenders
|
(2,218)
|
(5,922)
|
(3,149)
|
(11,289)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(644)
|
(1,307)
|
(2,412)
|
(4,363)
|
|
Net flowsnote (a)
|
1,937
|
8,263
|
(610)
|
9,590
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements
|
1,859
|
3,712
|
4,840
|
10,411
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
683
|
7,360
|
-
|
8,043
|
|
At 31 December 2014 / 1 January 2015
|
26,410
|
126,746
|
55,009
|
208,165
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
22,195
|
126,746
|
55,009
|
203,950
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities relating to joint ventures
|
4,215
|
-
|
-
|
4,215
|
|
At 1 January 2015
|
26,410
|
126,746
|
55,009
|
208,165
|
|
Net flows:
|
|||||
Premiums
|
4,793
|
16,699
|
3,146
|
24,638
|
|
Surrenders
|
(2,308)
|
(6,759)
|
(3,227)
|
(12,294)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(618)
|
(1,464)
|
(2,613)
|
(4,695)
|
|
Net flowsnote (a)
|
1,867
|
8,476
|
(2,694)
|
7,649
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements
|
(121)
|
(3,824)
|
509
|
(3,436)
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
(312)
|
7,515
|
-
|
7,203
|
|
At 31 December 2015note (b)
|
27,844
|
138,913
|
52,824
|
219,581
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
22,874
|
138,913
|
52,824
|
214,611
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities relating to joint ventures
|
4,970
|
-
|
-
|
4,970
|
|
Notes
|
(a)
|
Including net flows of the Group’s insurance joint ventures.
|
(b)
|
Policyholder liabilities relating to shareholder-backed business grew by £11.4 billion from £208.2 billion at 31 December 2014 to £219.6 billion at 31 December 2015. The increase reflects positive net flows (premiums net of upfront charges less surrenders, withdrawals, maturities and deaths) of £7.6 billion in 2015 (2014: £9.6 billion), driven by strong inflows of £8.5 billion in the US and £1.9 billion in Asia, together with a positive £7.2 billion increase from foreign exchange effects following a strengthening of the US dollar.
|
(i)
|
Analysis of movements in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
With-profits
business
|
Unit-linked
liabilities
|
Other
business
|
Total
|
||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
||
At 1 January 2014
|
13,215
|
13,765
|
8,166
|
35,146
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
13,138
|
11,918
|
6,854
|
31,910
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
77
|
-
|
-
|
77
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities relating to joint ventures‡
|
-
|
1,847
|
1,312
|
3,159
|
|
Reallocation of unallocated surplus for the domestication of the Hong Kong branchnote (b)
|
1,690
|
-
|
-
|
1,690
|
|
Premiums
|
|||||
New business
|
425
|
1,337
|
997
|
2,759
|
|
In-force
|
1,834
|
1,375
|
1,090
|
4,299
|
|
2,259
|
2,712
|
2,087
|
7,058
|
||
Surrenders note (d)
|
(207)
|
(1,939)
|
(279)
|
(2,425)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(615)
|
(40)
|
(604)
|
(1,259)
|
|
Net flows note (c)
|
1,437
|
733
|
1,204
|
3,374
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(40)
|
-
|
-
|
(40)
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements note (e)
|
1,621
|
1,336
|
523
|
3,480
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences note (a)
|
689
|
375
|
308
|
1,372
|
|
At 31 December 2014 / 1 January 2015
|
18,612
|
16,209
|
10,201
|
45,022
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
16,510
|
13,874
|
8,321
|
38,705
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
2,102
|
-
|
-
|
2,102
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities relating to joint ventures‡
|
-
|
2,335
|
1,880
|
4,215
|
|
Premiums
|
|||||
New business
|
812
|
1,322
|
781
|
2,915
|
|
In-force
|
2,179
|
1,496
|
1,194
|
4,869
|
|
2,991
|
2,818
|
1,975
|
7,784
|
||
Surrenders note (d)
|
(242)
|
(2,043)
|
(265)
|
(2,550)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(647)
|
(88)
|
(530)
|
(1,265)
|
|
Net flows note (c)
|
2,102
|
687
|
1,180
|
3,969
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(43)
|
-
|
-
|
(43)
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements note (e)
|
(243)
|
(536)
|
415
|
(364)
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differencesnote (a)
|
506
|
(394)
|
82
|
194
|
|
At 31 December 2015note (c)
|
20,934
|
15,966
|
11,878
|
48,778
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position§
|
18,381
|
13,355
|
9,519
|
41,255
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds on the consolidated statement of financial position
|
2,553
|
-
|
-
|
2,553
|
|
- Group's share of policyholder liabilities relating to joint ventures‡
|
-
|
2,611
|
2,359
|
4,970
|
|
Average policyholder liability balances†
|
|||||
2015
|
17,446
|
16,088
|
11,039
|
44,573
|
|
2014
|
14,823
|
14,987
|
9,183
|
38,993
|
†
|
Averages have been based on opening and closing balances and adjusted for acquisitions and disposals in the year and exclude unallocated surplus of with-profits funds.
|
‡
|
The Group’s investment in joint ventures are accounted for on an equity method basis and the Group’s share of the policyholder liabilities as shown above relate to the joint venture life businesses in China, India and of the Takaful business in Malaysia.
|
§
|
The policyholder liabilities of the with-profits business of £18,381 million, shown in the table above, is after deducting the intra-group reinsurance liabilities ceded by the UK insurance operations of £1,261 million to the Hong Kong with-profits business (2014: £1,363 million). Including this amount the Asia with-profits policyholder liabilities are £19,642 million.
|
|
Notes
|
(a)
|
Movements in the year have been translated at the average exchange rates for the year ended 31 December 2015. The closing balance has been translated at the closing spot rates as at 31 December 2015. Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.
|
(b)
|
On 1 January 2014, following consultation with the policyholders of PAC and regulators and court approval, the Hong Kong branch of PAC was transferred to separate subsidiaries established in Hong Kong. From this date the unallocated surplus of the Hong Kong with-profits business is reported within the Asia insurance operations segment.
|
(c)
|
Net flows have increased by £595 million to £3,969 million in 2015 compared with £3,374 million in 2014 reflecting increased flows from new business and growth in the in-force books.
|
(d)
|
The rate of surrenders for shareholder-backed business (expressed as a percentage of opening liabilities) was 8.7 per cent in 2015, lower than the 10.1 per cent recorded in 2014 (based on opening liabilities).
|
(e)
|
Investment-related items and other movements for 2015 principally represents unrealised losses on bonds and equities, following rising bond yields and lower Asian equity markets in 2015.
|
(ii)
|
Duration of liabilities
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Policyholder liabilities
|
41,255
|
38,705
|
|
Expected maturity:
|
%
|
%
|
|
0 to 5 years
|
23
|
23
|
|
5 to 10 years
|
20
|
20
|
|
10 to 15 years
|
17
|
17
|
|
15 to 20 years
|
12
|
12
|
|
20 to 25 years
|
9
|
9
|
|
Over 25 years
|
19
|
19
|
C4.1(c)
|
US insurance operations
|
(i)
|
Analysis of movements in policyholder liabilities
|
US insurance operations
|
||||
Variable
annuity
separate
account
liabilities
|
Fixed annuity,
GIC and other
business
|
Total
|
||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
||
At 1 January 2014
|
65,681
|
41,730
|
107,411
|
|
Premiums
|
12,220
|
3,272
|
15,492
|
|
Surrenders
|
(3,699)
|
(2,223)
|
(5,922)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(547)
|
(760)
|
(1,307)
|
|
Net flows note (b)
|
7,974
|
289
|
8,263
|
|
Transfers from general to separate account
|
1,395
|
(1,395)
|
-
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements note (c)
|
1,963
|
1,749
|
3,712
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences note (a)
|
4,728
|
2,632
|
7,360
|
|
At 31 December 2014 / 1 January 2015
|
81,741
|
45,005
|
126,746
|
|
Premiums
|
12,899
|
3,800
|
16,699
|
|
Surrenders
|
(4,357)
|
(2,402)
|
(6,759)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(655)
|
(809)
|
(1,464)
|
|
Net flows note (b)
|
7,887
|
589
|
8,476
|
|
Transfers from general to separate account
|
847
|
(847)
|
-
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements note (c)
|
(4,351)
|
527
|
(3,824)
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences note (a)
|
4,898
|
2,617
|
7,515
|
|
At 31 December 2015
|
91,022
|
47,891
|
138,913
|
|
Average policyholder liability balances*
|
||||
2015
|
86,382
|
46,448
|
132,830
|
|
2014
|
73,711
|
43,368
|
117,079
|
*
|
Averages have been based on opening and closing balances.
|
Notes
|
(a)
|
Movements in the year have been translated at an average rate of US$1.53/£1.00 (2014: US$1.65/£1.00). The closing balances have been translated at closing rate of US$1.47/£1.00 (2014: US$1.56/£1.00). Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.
|
(b)
|
Net flows for the year were £8,476 million compared with £8,263 million in 2014, reflecting continued strong in-flows into the variable annuity business.
|
(c)
|
Negative investment-related items and other movements in variable annuity separate account liabilities of £4,351 million for 2015 primarily reflects the decreases in equities and bond values during the year. Fixed annuity, GIC and other business investment and other movements of £527 million primarily reflect the increase in interest credited to the policyholder accounts in the year and an increase in other guarantee reserves.
|
(ii)
|
Duration of liabilities
|
2015
|
2014
|
||||||
Fixed annuity and other business (including GICs and similar contracts)
|
Variable
annuity
|
Total
|
Fixed annuity and other business (including GICs and similar contracts)
|
Variable
annuity
|
Total
|
||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
||
Policyholder liabilities
|
47,891
|
91,022
|
138,913
|
45,005
|
81,741
|
126,746
|
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
||
Expected maturity:
|
|||||||
0 to 5 years
|
48
|
43
|
44
|
46
|
48
|
47
|
|
5 to 10 years
|
26
|
28
|
28
|
27
|
29
|
29
|
|
10 to 15 years
|
12
|
15
|
14
|
12
|
13
|
13
|
|
15 to 20 years
|
7
|
8
|
8
|
7
|
6
|
6
|
|
20 to 25 years
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
3
|
|
Over 25 years
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
C4.1(d)
|
UK insurance operations
|
(i)
|
Analysis of movements in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
Shareholder-backed funds and subsidiaries
|
|||||
SAIF and PAC with-profits sub-fund
|
Unit-linked liabilities
|
Annuity
and other
long-term
business
|
Total
|
||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
||
At 1 January 2014
|
95,837
|
23,652
|
27,127
|
146,616
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities
|
83,853
|
23,652
|
27,127
|
134,632
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
11,984
|
-
|
-
|
11,984
|
|
Reallocation of unallocated surplus for the domestication of the Hong Kong branchnote (a)
|
(1,690)
|
-
|
-
|
(1,690)
|
|
Premiums
|
2,951
|
1,405
|
3,546
|
7,902
|
|
Surrenders
|
(2,507)
|
(2,934)
|
(215)
|
(5,656)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(4,344)
|
(587)
|
(1,825)
|
(6,756)
|
|
Net flows note (b)
|
(3,900)
|
(2,116)
|
1,506
|
(4,510)
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(200)
|
-
|
-
|
(200)
|
|
Switches
|
(167)
|
167
|
-
|
-
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements
|
9,637
|
1,597
|
3,076
|
14,310
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
(90)
|
-
|
-
|
(90)
|
|
At 31 December 2014 / 1 January 2015
|
99,427
|
23,300
|
31,709
|
154,436
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities
|
89,079
|
23,300
|
31,709
|
144,088
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
10,348
|
-
|
-
|
10,348
|
|
Premiums
|
6,546
|
1,115
|
2,031
|
9,692
|
|
Surrenders
|
(3,136)
|
(3,168)
|
(59)
|
(6,363)
|
|
Maturities/Deaths
|
(4,378)
|
(573)
|
(2,040)
|
(6,991)
|
|
Net flows note (b)
|
(968)
|
(2,626)
|
(68)
|
(3,662)
|
|
Shareholders' transfers post tax
|
(214)
|
-
|
-
|
(214)
|
|
Switches
|
(189)
|
189
|
-
|
-
|
|
Investment-related items and other movements note (c)
|
1,999
|
579
|
(259)
|
2,319
|
|
Foreign exchange translation differences
|
14
|
-
|
-
|
14
|
|
At 31 December 2015
|
100,069
|
21,442
|
31,382
|
152,893
|
|
Comprising:
|
|||||
- Policyholder liabilities
|
89,526
|
21,442
|
31,382
|
142,350
|
|
- Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
|
10,543
|
-
|
-
|
10,543
|
|
Average policyholder liability balances*
|
|||||
2015
|
89,303
|
22,371
|
31,545
|
143,219
|
|
2014
|
86,467
|
23,476
|
29,419
|
139,362
|
|
Notes
|
(a)
|
On 1 January 2014, following consultation with the policyholders of PAC and regulators and court approval, the Hong Kong branch of PAC was transferred to separate subsidiaries established in Hong Kong. From this date the unallocated surplus of the Hong Kong with-profits business is reported within the Asia insurance operations segment.
|
(b)
|
Net outflows improved from £4,510 million in 2014 to £3,662 million in 2015, due primarily to higher premium flows into our with-profits funds following increased sales into with-profits savings and retirement products. This has been offset by lower premiums into our annuity business following the introduction of pension freedoms and lower level of bulks. The levels of inflows/outflows for unit-linked business is driven by corporate pension schemes with transfers in or out from only a small number of schemes influencing the level of flows in the year.
|
(c)
|
Investment-related items and other movements of £2,319 million mainly reflects investment return earned in the year, attributable to policyholders.
|
(ii)
|
Duration of liabilities
|
2015 £m
|
|||||||||||||
With-profits business
|
Annuity business
(Insurance contracts)
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Insurance contracts
|
Investment contracts
|
Total
|
Non-profit
annuities
within
WPSF
|
PRIL
|
Total
|
Insurance contracts
|
Investments contracts
|
Total
|
|||||
Policyholder liabilities
|
35,962
|
42,736
|
78,698
|
10,828
|
22,092
|
32,920
|
14,919
|
15,813
|
30,732
|
142,350
|
|||
2015 %
|
|||||||||||||
Expected maturity:
|
|||||||||||||
0 to 5 years
|
40
|
40
|
40
|
33
|
25
|
27
|
37
|
36
|
37
|
36
|
|||
5 to 10 years
|
23
|
27
|
25
|
25
|
21
|
23
|
25
|
23
|
24
|
24
|
|||
10 to 15 years
|
14
|
17
|
16
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
15
|
17
|
16
|
16
|
|||
15 to 20 years
|
9
|
10
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
13
|
9
|
12
|
10
|
11
|
|||
20 to 25 years
|
6
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
10
|
9
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
|||
over 25 years
|
8
|
2
|
4
|
7
|
12
|
10
|
8
|
6
|
7
|
7
|
|||
2014 £m
|
|||||||||||||
Policyholder liabilities
|
38,287
|
39,084
|
77,371
|
11,708
|
22,186
|
33,894
|
15,474
|
17,349
|
32,823
|
144,088
|
|||
2014 %
|
|||||||||||||
Expected maturity:
|
|||||||||||||
0 to 5 years
|
40
|
39
|
39
|
31
|
25
|
27
|
37
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
|||
5 to 10 years
|
24
|
26
|
25
|
25
|
22
|
23
|
25
|
22
|
24
|
24
|
|||
10 to 15 years
|
14
|
17
|
16
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
|||
15 to 20 years
|
9
|
11
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
13
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
|||
20 to 25 years
|
6
|
5
|
5
|
7
|
9
|
9
|
5
|
8
|
6
|
6
|
|||
over 25 years
|
7
|
2
|
5
|
8
|
12
|
10
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
6
|
–
|
The cash flow projections of expected benefit payments used in the maturity profile table above are from value of in-force business and exclude the value of future new business, including future vesting of internal pension contracts.
|
–
|
Benefit payments do not reflect the pattern of bonuses and shareholder transfers in respect of the with-profits business.
|
–
|
Investment contracts under ‘Other’ comprise certain unit-linked and similar contracts accounted for under IAS 39 and IAS 18.
|
–
|
For business with no maturity term included within the contracts, for example with-profits investment bonds such as Prudence Bonds, an assumption is made as to likely duration based on prior experience.
|
C5
|
Intangible assets
|
C5.1 Intangible assets attributable to shareholders
|
(a)
|
Goodwill attributable to shareholders
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Cost
|
||
At beginning of year
|
1,583
|
1,581
|
Disposal of Japan life business
|
(120)
|
-
|
Additional consideration paid on previously acquired business
|
2
|
-
|
Exchange differences
|
(2)
|
2
|
At end of year
|
1,463
|
1,583
|
Aggregate impairment
|
-
|
(120)
|
Net book amount at end of year
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
M&G
|
1,153
|
1,153
|
Other
|
310
|
310
|
1,463
|
1,463
|
(b)
|
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Deferred acquisition costs related to insurance contracts as classified under IFRS 4
|
6,948
|
5,840
|
Deferred acquisition costs related to investment management contracts, including life assurance contracts classified as financial instruments and investment management contracts under IFRS 4
|
74
|
87
|
7,022
|
5,927
|
|
Present value of acquired in-force policies for insurance contracts as classified under IFRS 4 (PVIF)
|
45
|
59
|
Distribution rights and other intangibles
|
1,355
|
1,275
|
1,400
|
1,334
|
|
Total of deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets
|
8,422
|
7,261
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||||||
Deferred acquisition costs
|
|||||||||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Asset
management
|
PVIF and
other
intangibles1
|
Total
|
Total
|
|||||
Balance at 1 January
|
650
|
5,177
|
83
|
17
|
1,334
|
7,261
|
5,295
|
||||
Additions
|
265
|
734
|
10
|
-
|
181
|
1,190
|
1,768
|
||||
Amortisation to the income statement:2
|
|||||||||||
Operating profit
|
(138)
|
(516)
|
(12)
|
(5)
|
(91)
|
(762)
|
(696)
|
||||
Non-operating profit
|
-
|
93
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
93
|
653
|
||||
(138)
|
(423)
|
(12)
|
(5)
|
(91)
|
(669)
|
(43)
|
|||||
Disposals and transfers
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(8)
|
(8)
|
(6)
|
||||
Exchange differences and other movements
|
4
|
323
|
-
|
-
|
(16)
|
311
|
334
|
||||
Amortisation of DAC related to net unrealised valuation movements on Jackson's available-for-sale securities recognised within other comprehensive income2
|
-
|
337
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
337
|
(87)
|
||||
Balance at 31 December
|
781
|
6,148
|
81
|
12
|
1,400
|
8,422
|
7,261
|
1
|
PVIF and other intangibles includes amounts in relation to software rights with additions of £34 million, amortisation of £29 million and a balance at 31 December 2015 of £71 million.
|
2
|
Under the Group’ application of IFRS 4, US GAAP is used for measuring the insurance assets and liabilities of its US and certain Asia operations. Under US GAAP, most of Jackson’s products are accounted for under Accounting Standard no. 97 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FAS 97) whereby deferred acquisition costs are amortised in line with the emergence of actual and expected gross profits. The amounts included in the income statements and Other Comprehensive Income affect the pattern of profit emergence and thus the DAC amortisation attaching. DAC amortisation is allocated to the operating and non-operating components of the Group’s supplementary analysis of profit and Other Comprehensive Income by reference to the underlying items.
|
US insurance operations
|
The DAC amount in respect of US insurance operations comprises amounts in respect of:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Variable annuity business
|
5,713
|
5,002
|
Other business
|
703
|
759
|
Cumulative shadow DAC (for unrealised gains booked in other comprehensive income)*
|
(268)
|
(584)
|
Total DAC for US operations
|
6,148
|
5,177
|
*
|
Consequent upon the negative unrealised valuation movement in 2015 of £1,305 million (2014: positive unrealised valuation movement of £956 million), there is a gain of £337 million (2014: a charge of £87 million) for altered shadow DAC amortisation booked within other comprehensive income. These adjustments reflect movement from period to period, in the changes to the pattern of reported gross profits that would have occurred if the assets reflected in the statement of financial position had been sold, crystallising the unrealised gains and losses, and the proceeds reinvested at the yields currently available in the market. At 31 December 2015, the cumulative shadow DAC balance as shown in the table above was negative £268 million (2014: negative £584 million).
|
|
Overview of the deferral and amortisation of acquisition costs for Jackson
|
C6
|
Borrowings
|
C6.1
|
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Holding company operations:
|
||||
Perpetual Subordinated Capital Securitiesnote (i)
|
1,895
|
1,789
|
||
Subordinated Notesnote (iv)
|
2,123
|
1,531
|
||
Subordinated debt total
|
4,018
|
3,320
|
||
Senior debt:note (ii)
|
||||
£300m 6.875% Bonds 2023
|
300
|
300
|
||
£250m 5.875% Bonds 2029
|
249
|
249
|
||
Holding company total
|
4,567
|
3,869
|
||
Prudential Capital bank loannote (iii)
|
275
|
275
|
||
Jackson US$250m 8.15% Surplus Notes 2027
|
169
|
160
|
||
Total (per consolidated statement of financial position)
|
5,011
|
4,304
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
The Group has designated all US$2.8 billion (2014: US$2.8 billion) of its subordinated debt as a net investment hedge under IAS 39 to hedge the currency risks related to the net investment in Jackson.
|
(ii)
|
The senior debt ranks above subordinated debt in the event of liquidation.
|
(iii)
|
The Prudential Capital bank loan of £275 million has been made in two tranches: a £160 million loan maturing on 20 December 2017 and a £115 million loan also maturing on 20 December 2017. These two tranches are currently drawn at a cost of 12 month LIBOR plus 0.40 per cent.
|
(iv)
|
In June 2015, the company issued core structural borrowings of £600 million 5.00 per cent subordinated notes due in 2055. The proceeds net of discount adjustment and costs, were £590 million.
|
C6.2
|
Other borrowings
|
(a)
|
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Borrowings in respect of short-term fixed income securities programmesnote (ii)
|
1,705
|
2,004
|
|
Non-recourse borrowings of US operations
|
-
|
19
|
|
Other borrowings note (iii)
|
255
|
240
|
|
Totalnote (i)
|
1,960
|
2,263
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
In addition to the debt listed above, £200 million Floating Rate Notes were issued by Prudential plc in October 2015 which will mature in October 2016. These Notes have been wholly subscribed to a Group subsidiary and accordingly have been eliminated on consolidation in the Group financial statements. These Notes were originally issued in October 2008 and have been reissued upon their maturity.
|
(ii)
|
In January and November 2015, the Company issued £300 million Medium Term Notes which will mature in January 2018 and November 2018 respectively. The proceeds, net of costs, were £299 million for the January 2015 issue and £299 million for the November 2015 issue.
|
(iii)
|
Other borrowings mainly include amounts whose repayment to the lender is contingent upon future surplus emerging from certain contracts specified under the arrangement. If insufficient surplus emerges on those contracts, there is no recourse to other assets of the Group and the liability is not payable to the degree of shortfall. In addition, other borrowings include senior debt issued through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (FHLB), secured by collateral posted with the FHLB by Jackson.
|
(b)
|
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|
Non-recourse borrowings of consolidated investment funds*
|
1,158
|
924
|
£100m 8.5% undated subordinated guaranteed bonds of Scottish Amicable Finance plc†
|
100
|
100
|
Other borrowings (predominantly obligations under finance leases)
|
74
|
69
|
Total
|
1,332
|
1,093
|
*
|
In all instances the holders of the debt instruments issued by these subsidiaries and funds do not have recourse beyond the assets of these subsidiaries and funds.
|
†
|
The interests of the holders of the bonds issued by Scottish Amicable Finance plc, a subsidiary of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund, are subordinated to the entitlements of the policyholders of that fund.
|
C7
|
Risk and sensitivity analysis
|
C7.1
|
Group overview
|
Type of business
|
Market and credit risk
|
Insurance and lapse risk
|
|||||||||
Investments/derivatives
|
Liabilities / unallocated surplus
|
Other exposure
|
|||||||||
Asia insurance operations (see also section C7.2)
|
|||||||||||
All business
|
Currency risk
|
Mortality and morbidity risk
|
|||||||||
Persistency risk
|
|||||||||||
With-profits business
|
Net neutral direct exposure (indirect exposure only)
|
Investment performance subject to smoothing through declared bonuses
|
|||||||||
Unit-linked business
|
Net neutral direct exposure (indirect exposure only)
|
Investment performance through asset management fees
|
|||||||||
Non-participating business
|
Asset/liability mismatch risk
|
||||||||||
Credit risk
|
Interest rates for those
operations where the basis of insurance liabilities is sensitive to current market movements
|
||||||||||
Interest rate and price risk
|
|||||||||||
US insurance operations (see also section C7.3)
|
|||||||||||
All business
|
Currency risk
|
Persistency risk
|
|||||||||
Variable annuity business
|
Net effect of market risk arising from incidence of guarantee features and variability of asset management fees offset by derivative hedging programme
|
||||||||||
Fixed index annuity business
|
Derivative hedge
programme to the extent
not fully hedged against
liability
|
Incidence of equity
participation features
|
|||||||||
Fixed index annuities, Fixed annuities and GIC business
|
Credit risk
Interest rate risk
Profit and loss and
shareholders' equity are
volatile for these risks as
they affect the values of
derivatives and embedded
derivatives and impairment
losses. In addition,
shareholders' equity is
volatile for the incidence of
these risks on unrealised
appreciation of fixed
income securities classified
as available-for-sale
under IAS 39
|
Spread difference
between earned
rate and rate
credited
to policyholders
|
Lapse risk, but the
effects of extreme
events are mitigated
by the application of
market value
adjustments
|
||||||||
UK insurance operations (see also section C7.4)
|
|||||||||||
With-profits business
|
Net neutral direct exposure (indirect exposure only)
|
Investment performance subject to smoothing through declared bonuses
|
Persistency risk to future shareholder transfers
|
||||||||
SAIF sub-fund
|
Net neutral direct exposure (indirect exposure only)
|
Asset management fees earned by M&G
|
|||||||||
Unit-linked business
|
Net neutral direct exposure (indirect exposure only)
|
Investment performance through asset management fees
|
Persistency risk
|
||||||||
Asset/liability mismatch risk
|
|||||||||||
Shareholder-backed
annuity business
|
Credit risk for assets covering liabilities and shareholder capital
|
Mortality experience and assumptions for longevity
|
|||||||||
Interest rate risk for assets in excess of liabilities ie assets representing shareholder capital
|
Impact of diversification on risk exposure
|
Correlation across geographic regions:
|
–
|
Financial risk factors; and
|
–
|
Non-financial risk factors.
|
Correlation across risk factors:
|
–
|
Longevity risk;
|
–
|
Expenses;
|
–
|
Persistency; and
|
–
|
Other risks.
|
C7.2
|
Asia insurance operations
|
|
Exposure and sensitivity of IFRS basis profit and shareholders’ equity to market and other risks
|
With-profits business
|
Unit-linked business
|
Other business
|
Interest rate risk
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
Decrease
of 1%
|
Increase
of 1%
|
Decrease
of 1%
|
Increase
of 1%
|
||||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
|
185
|
(339)
|
(54)
|
(137)
|
|||
Related deferred tax (where applicable)
|
(34)
|
59
|
(5)
|
24
|
|||
Net effect on profit and shareholders' equity
|
151
|
(280)
|
(59)
|
(113)
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
Decrease
|
Decrease
|
||||
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
|
(169)
|
(85)
|
(187)
|
(93)
|
|
Related deferred tax (where applicable)
|
21
|
10
|
23
|
11
|
|
Net effect on profit and shareholders' equity
|
(148)
|
(75)
|
(164)
|
(82)
|
Insurance risk
|
A 10% increase in local currency to £ exchange rates
|
A 10% decrease in local currency to £ exchange rates
|
||||
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
|
(94)
|
(111)
|
115
|
135
|
|
Profit for the year
|
(79)
|
(95)
|
97
|
117
|
|
Shareholders’ equity, excluding goodwill, attributable to Asia operations
|
(367)
|
(315)
|
449
|
384
|
C7.3
|
US insurance operations
|
Exposure and sensitivity of IFRS basis profit and shareholders’ equity to market and other risks
|
Risks
|
Risk of loss
|
Equity risk
|
• related to the incidence of benefits related to guarantees issued in connection with its variable annuity contracts; and
• related to meeting contractual accumulation requirements in fixed index annuity contracts.
|
Interest rate risk
|
• related to meeting guaranteed rates of accumulation on fixed annuity products following a sharp and
sustained fall in interest rates;
|
• related to increases in the present value of projected benefits related to guarantees issued in connection with its variable annuity contracts following a sharp and sustained fall in interest rates in conjunction with a fall in equity markets;
|
|
• related to the surrender value guarantee features attached to the company’s fixed annuity products and to policyholder withdrawals following a sharp and sustained increase in interest rates; and
|
|
• the risk of mismatch between the expected duration of certain annuity liabilities and prepayment risk
and extension risk inherent in mortgage-backed securities.
|
Derivative
|
Purpose
|
Interest rate swaps
|
These generally involve the exchange of fixed and floating payments over the period for which Jackson holds the instrument without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. These agreements are used for hedging purposes.
|
Swaption contracts
|
These contracts provide the purchaser with the right, but not the obligation, to require the writer to pay the present value of a long-duration interest rate swap at future exercise dates. Jackson both purchases and writes swaptions in order to hedge against significant movements in interest rates.
|
Equity index futures contracts and equity index options
|
These derivatives (including various call and put options and interest rate contingent options) are used to hedge Jackson’s obligations associated with its issuance of certain VA guarantees. Some of these annuities and guarantees contain embedded options which are fair valued for financial reporting purposes.
|
Cross-currency swaps
|
Cross-currency swaps, which embody spot and forward currency swaps and additionally, in some cases, interest rate swaps and equity index swaps, are entered into for the purpose of hedging Jackson’s foreign currency denominated funding agreements supporting trust instrument obligations.
|
Credit default swaps
|
These swaps, represent agreements under which Jackson has purchased default protection on certain underlying corporate bonds held in its portfolio. These contracts allow Jackson to sell the protected bonds at par value to the counterparty if a default event occurs in exchange for periodic payments made by Jackson for the life of the agreement. Jackson does not write default protection using credit derivatives.
|
i
|
Sensitivity to equity risk
|
31 December 2015
|
Minimum
return
|
Account
value
|
Net
amount
at risk
|
Weighted
average
attained age
|
Period
until
expected
annuitisation
|
|
£m
|
£m
|
|||||
Return of net deposits plus a minimum return
|
||||||
GMDB
|
0-6%
|
70,732
|
2,614
|
65.3 years
|
||
GMWB - Premium only
|
0%
|
1,916
|
56
|
|||
GMWB*
|
0-5%**
|
229
|
23
|
|||
GMAB - Premium only
|
0%
|
45
|
-
|
|||
Highest specified anniversary account value minus withdrawals post-anniversary
|
||||||
GMDB
|
7,008
|
587
|
65.4 years
|
|||
GMWB - Highest anniversary only
|
2,025
|
202
|
||||
GMWB*
|
698
|
101
|
||||
Combination net deposits plus minimum return, highest specified anniversary account value minus withdrawals post-anniversary
|
||||||
GMDB
|
0-6%
|
4,069
|
640
|
68.3 years
|
||
GMIB†
|
0-6%
|
1,422
|
518
|
0.5 years
|
||
GMWB*
|
0-8%**
|
63,924
|
7,758
|
31 December 2014
|
Minimum
return
|
Account
value
|
Net
amount
at risk
|
Weighted
average
attained age
|
Period
until
expected
annuitisation
|
|
£m
|
£m
|
|||||
Return of net deposits plus a minimum return
|
||||||
GMDB
|
0-6%
|
64,344
|
1,463
|
65.0 years
|
||
GMWB - Premium only
|
0%
|
2,151
|
32
|
|||
GMWB*
|
0-5%**
|
264
|
17
|
|||
GMAB - Premium only
|
0%
|
53
|
-
|
|||
Highest specified anniversary account value minus withdrawals post-anniversary
|
||||||
GMDB
|
6,581
|
193
|
65.0 years
|
|||
GMWB - Highest anniversary only
|
2,131
|
85
|
||||
GMWB*
|
830
|
58
|
||||
Combination net deposits plus minimum return, highest specified anniversary account value minus withdrawals post-anniversary
|
||||||
GMDB
|
0-6%
|
3,978
|
302
|
67.5 years
|
||
GMIB†
|
0-6%
|
1,595
|
360
|
1.4 years
|
||
GMWB*
|
0-8%**
|
57,323
|
2,033
|
*
|
Amounts shown for Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit comprise sums for the ‘not for life’ portion (where the guaranteed withdrawal base less the account value equals to the net amount at risk (NAR)), and a ‘for life’ portion (where the NAR has been estimated as the present value of future expected benefit payment remaining after the amount of the ‘not for life’ guaranteed benefits is zero).
|
**
|
Ranges shown based on simple interest. The upper limits of 5 per cent, or 8 per cent simple interest are approximately equal to 4.1 per cent and 6 per cent respectively, on a compound interest basis over a typical ten year bonus period. For example 1 + 10 x 0.05 is similar to 1.041 growing at a compound rate of 4.01 per cent for a further nine years.
|
†
|
The GMIB reinsurance guarantees are essentially fully reinsured.
|
Account balances of contracts with guarantees were invested in variable separate accounts as follows:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Mutual fund type:
|
|||
Equity
|
55,488
|
50,071
|
|
Bond
|
11,535
|
11,139
|
|
Balanced
|
13,546
|
12,901
|
|
Money market
|
832
|
675
|
|
Total
|
81,401
|
74,786
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||||||
Decrease
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
Increase
|
||||||||
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
of 20%
|
of 10%
|
||||
Pre-tax profit, net of related changes in amortisation of DAC
|
738
|
259
|
(86)
|
(128)
|
360
|
130
|
8
|
(25)
|
|||
Related deferred tax effects
|
(258)
|
(91)
|
30
|
45
|
(126)
|
(46)
|
(3)
|
9
|
|||
Net sensitivity of profit after tax and shareholders' equity
|
480
|
168
|
(56)
|
(83)
|
234
|
84
|
5
|
(16)
|
ii
|
Sensitivity to interest rate risk
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||||||||
Decrease
|
Increase
|
Decrease
|
Increase
|
|||||||||
of 2%
|
of 1%
|
of 1%
|
of 2%
|
of 2%
|
of 1%
|
of 1%
|
of 2%
|
|||||
Profit and loss:
|
||||||||||||
Pre-tax profit effect (net of related changes in amortisation of DAC)
|
(1,776)
|
(847)
|
628
|
1,120
|
(1,398)
|
(690)
|
494
|
875
|
||||
Related effect on charge for deferred tax
|
621
|
296
|
(220)
|
(392)
|
489
|
242
|
(173)
|
(306)
|
||||
Net profit effect
|
(1,155)
|
(551)
|
408
|
728
|
(909)
|
(448)
|
321
|
569
|
||||
Other comprehensive income:
|
||||||||||||
Direct effect on carrying value of debt securities (net of related changes in amortisation of DAC)
|
3,167
|
1,782
|
(1,782)
|
(3,167)
|
2,979
|
1,663
|
(1,663)
|
(2,979)
|
||||
Related effect on movement in deferred tax
|
(1,108)
|
(624)
|
624
|
1,108
|
(1,043)
|
(582)
|
582
|
1,043
|
||||
Net effect
|
2,059
|
1,158
|
(1,158)
|
(2,059)
|
1,936
|
1,081
|
(1,081)
|
(1,936)
|
||||
Total net effect on shareholders' equity
|
904
|
607
|
(750)
|
(1,331)
|
1,027
|
633
|
(760)
|
(1,367)
|
A 10% increase in US$:£ exchange rates
|
A 10% decrease in US$:£ exchange rates
|
||||
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders note
|
(109)
|
(23)
|
133
|
29
|
|
Profit for the year
|
(87)
|
(23)
|
107
|
28
|
|
Shareholders’ equity attributable to US insurance operations
|
(378)
|
(370)
|
462
|
452
|
–
|
Growth in the size of assets under management covering the liabilities for the contracts in force;
|
–
|
Variations in fees and other income, offset by variations in market value adjustment payments and, where necessary, strengthening of liabilities;
|
–
|
Spread returns for the difference between investment returns and rates credited to policyholders; and
|
–
|
Amortisation of deferred acquisition costs.
|
–
|
Through the projected expected gross profits which are used to determine the amortisation of deferred acquisition costs. This is applied through the use of a mean reversion technique which is described in more detail in note C5.1(b) above; and
|
–
|
The required level of provision for claims for guaranteed minimum death, ‘for life’ withdrawal, and income benefits.
|
C7.4
|
UK insurance operations
|
Exposure and sensitivity of IFRS basis profit and shareholders’ equity to market and other risks
|
|
With-profits business
|
–
|
The extent to which the duration of the assets held closely matches the expected duration of the liabilities under the contracts;
|
–
|
Actual versus expected default rates on assets held;
|
–
|
The difference between long-term rates of return on corporate bonds and risk-free rates;
|
–
|
The variance between actual and expected mortality experience;
|
–
|
The extent to which changes to the assumed rate of improvements in mortality give rise to changes in the measurement of liabilities; and
|
–
|
Changes in renewal expense levels.
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||||||
A
decrease
of 2%
|
A
decrease
of 1%
|
An
increase
of 1%
|
An
increase
of 2%
|
A
decrease
of 2%
|
A
decrease
of 1%
|
An
increase
of 1%
|
An
increase
of 2%
|
||||
Carrying value of debt securities and derivatives
|
10,862
|
4,812
|
(3,935)
|
(7,219)
|
11,559
|
5,063
|
(4,085)
|
(7,457)
|
|||
Policyholder liabilities
|
(8,738)
|
(3,909)
|
3,208
|
5,872
|
(9,550)
|
(4,250)
|
3,454
|
6,297
|
|||
Related deferred tax effects
|
(402)
|
(172)
|
138
|
257
|
(402)
|
(163)
|
126
|
232
|
|||
Net sensitivity of profit after tax and shareholders’ equity
|
1,722
|
731
|
(589)
|
(1,090)
|
1,607
|
650
|
(505)
|
(928)
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||
A decrease of 20%
|
A decrease of 10%
|
A decrease of 20%
|
A decrease of 10%
|
||
Pre-tax profit
|
(327)
|
(163)
|
(347)
|
(173)
|
|
Related deferred tax effects
|
66
|
33
|
75
|
37
|
|
Net sensitivity of profit after tax and shareholders’ equity
|
(261)
|
(130)
|
(272)
|
(136)
|
a
|
Asset management
|
i
|
Sensitivities to foreign exchange risk
|
ii
|
Sensitivities to other financial risks for asset management operations
|
b
|
Other operations
|
C8
|
Tax assets and liabilities
|
C8.1
|
Deferred tax
|
|
The statement of financial position contains the following deferred tax assets and liabilities in relation to:
|
Deferred tax assets
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
||||
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||
Unrealised losses or gains on investments
|
21
|
83
|
(1,036)
|
(1,697)
|
|
Balances relating to investment and insurance contracts
|
1
|
4
|
(543)
|
(499)
|
|
Short-term temporary differences
|
2,752
|
2,607
|
(2,400)
|
(2,065)
|
|
Capital allowances
|
10
|
9
|
(31)
|
(30)
|
|
Unused deferred tax losses
|
35
|
62
|
-
|
||
Total
|
2,819
|
2,765
|
(4,010)
|
(4,291)
|
Short-term temporary differences
|
Unused tax losses
|
||||
2015 £m
|
Expected
period of
recoverability
|
2015 £m
|
Expected
period of
recoverability
|
||
Asia insurance operations
|
34
|
1 to 3 years
|
30
|
3 to 5 years
|
|
US insurance operations
|
2,433
|
With run-off
of in-force book
|
-
|
-
|
|
UK insurance operations
|
128
|
1 to 10 years
|
-
|
-
|
|
Other operations
|
157
|
1 to 10 years
|
5
|
1 to 3 years
|
|
Total
|
2,752
|
35
|
C9
|
Defined benefit pension schemes
|
(a)
|
Background and summary economic and IAS 19 financial positions
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||||||||
PSPS
|
SASPS
|
M&GGPS
|
Other
schemes
|
Total
|
PSPS
|
SASPS
|
M&GGPS
|
Other
schemes
|
Total
|
||||
note (i)
|
note (ii)
|
note (i)
|
note (ii)
|
||||||||||
Underlying economic surplus (deficit)
|
969
|
(82)
|
75
|
(1)
|
961
|
840
|
(144)
|
60
|
(1)
|
755
|
|||
Less: unrecognised surplus note (i)
|
(800)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(800)
|
(710)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(710)
|
|||
Economic surplus (deficit) (including investment in Prudential insurance policies)
|
169
|
(82)
|
75
|
(1)
|
161
|
130
|
(144)
|
60
|
(1)
|
45
|
|||
Attributable to:
|
|||||||||||||
PAC with-profits fund
|
118
|
(33)
|
-
|
-
|
85
|
91
|
(72)
|
-
|
-
|
19
|
|||
Shareholder-backed operations
|
51
|
(49)
|
75
|
(1)
|
76
|
39
|
(72)
|
60
|
(1)
|
26
|
|||
Consolidation adjustment against policyholder liabilities for investment in Prudential insurance policiesnote (iii)
|
-
|
-
|
(77)
|
-
|
(77)
|
-
|
-
|
(132)
|
-
|
(132)
|
|||
IAS 19 pension asset (liability) on the Group statement of financial positionnote (iv)
|
169
|
(82)
|
(2)
|
(1)
|
84
|
130
|
(144)
|
(72)
|
(1)
|
(87)
|
(i)
|
For PSPS, the Group does not have an unconditional right of refund to any surplus of the scheme. The PSPS pension asset represents the present value of the economic benefit (impact) of the Company from the difference between future ongoing contributions to the scheme and estimated accrued cost of service. No deficit or other funding is required for PSPS. Deficit funding, where applicable, is apportioned in the ratio of 70/30 between the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations following detailed considerations in 2005 of the sourcing of previous contributions. Employer contributions for ongoing service of current employees are apportioned in the ratio relevant to current activity.
|
(ii)
|
The deficit of SASPS has been allocated 40 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 60 per cent to the shareholders’ fund as at 31 December 2015 (2014: approximately 50/50).
|
(iii)
|
The underlying position on an economic basis reflects the assets (including investments in Prudential insurance policies that are offset against liabilities to policyholders on the Group consolidation) and the liabilities of the schemes.
|
(iv)
|
At 31 December 2015, the PSPS pension asset of £169 million (2014: £130 million) and the other schemes’ pension liabilities of £85 million (2014: £217 million) are included within ‘Other debtors’ and ‘Provisions’ respectively on the consolidated statement of financial position.
|
(b)
|
Assumptions
|
2015 %
|
2014 %
|
|||
Discount rate*
|
3.8
|
3.5
|
||
Rate of increase in salaries
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
||
Rate of inflation**
|
||||
Retail prices index (RPI)
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
||
Consumer prices index (CPI)
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
||
Rate of increase of pensions in payment for inflation:
|
||||
PSPS:
|
||||
Guaranteed (maximum 5%)
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
||
Guaranteed (maximum 2.5%)
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
||
Discretionary
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
||
Other schemes
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
*
|
The discount rate has been determined by reference to an ‘AA’ corporate bond index, adjusted where applicable, to allow for the difference in duration between the index and the pension liabilities.
|
**
|
The rate of inflation reflects the long-term assumption for the UK RPI or CPI depending on the tranche of the schemes.
|
(c)
|
Estimated pension scheme surpluses and deficits
|
2015 £m
|
||||||
Surplus
(deficit)
in schemes
at 1 Jan
2015
|
(Charge) credit
to income
statement
or other
comprehensive
income
|
Actuarial gains
and losses
in other
comprehensive
income
|
Contributions paid
|
Surplus
(deficit)
in schemes
at 31 Dec
2015
|
||
All schemes
|
||||||
Underlying position (without the effect of IFRIC 14)
|
||||||
Surplus
|
755
|
36
|
115
|
55
|
961
|
|
Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund
|
(525)
|
(38)
|
(78)
|
(17)
|
(658)
|
|
Shareholders' share:
|
||||||
Gross of tax surplus (deficit)
|
230
|
(2)
|
37
|
38
|
303
|
|
Related tax
|
(46)
|
-
|
(7)
|
(7)
|
(60)
|
|
Net of shareholders' tax
|
184
|
(2)
|
30
|
31
|
243
|
|
Application of IFRIC 14 for the derecognition
of PSPS surplus
|
||||||
Derecognition of surplus
|
(710)
|
(26)
|
(64)
|
-
|
(800)
|
|
Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund
|
506
|
18
|
49
|
-
|
573
|
|
Shareholders' share:
|
||||||
Gross of tax surplus (deficit)
|
(204)
|
(8)
|
(15)
|
-
|
(227)
|
|
Related tax
|
41
|
1
|
3
|
-
|
45
|
|
Net of shareholders' tax
|
(163)
|
(7)
|
(12)
|
-
|
(182)
|
|
With the effect of IFRIC 14
|
||||||
Surplus (deficit)
|
45
|
10
|
51
|
55
|
161
|
|
Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund
|
(19)
|
(20)
|
(29)
|
(17)
|
(85)
|
|
Shareholders' share:
|
||||||
Gross of tax surplus (deficit)
|
26
|
(10)
|
22
|
38
|
76
|
|
Related tax
|
(5)
|
2
|
(4)
|
(7)
|
(14)
|
|
Net of shareholders' tax
|
21
|
(8)
|
18
|
31
|
62
|
2015
|
2014
|
|||||||||
PSPS
|
Other
schemes
|
Total
|
PSPS
|
Other
schemes
|
Total
|
|||||
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
%
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
%
|
|||
Equities
|
||||||||||
UK
|
126
|
70
|
196
|
3
|
126
|
86
|
212
|
2
|
||
Overseas
|
151
|
329
|
480
|
6
|
143
|
317
|
460
|
6
|
||
Bonds
|
||||||||||
Government
|
4,795
|
427
|
5,222
|
67
|
5,078
|
440
|
5,518
|
68
|
||
Corporate
|
970
|
145
|
1,115
|
14
|
931
|
117
|
1,048
|
13
|
||
Asset-backed securities
|
135
|
21
|
156
|
2
|
197
|
26
|
223
|
3
|
||
Derivatives
|
183
|
(5)
|
178
|
2
|
159
|
(13)
|
146
|
2
|
||
Properties
|
70
|
62
|
132
|
2
|
93
|
57
|
150
|
2
|
||
Other assets
|
298
|
42
|
340
|
4
|
270
|
40
|
310
|
4
|
||
Total value of assets**
|
6,728
|
1,091
|
7,819
|
100
|
6,997
|
1,070
|
8,067
|
100
|
(d)
|
Sensitivity of the pension scheme liabilities to key variables
|
Assumption applied
|
Sensitivity change in assumption
|
Impact of sensitivity on scheme liabilities on IAS 19 basis
|
|||||||
2015
|
2014
|
2015
|
2014
|
||||||
Discount rate
|
3.8%
|
3.5%
|
Decrease by 0.2%
|
Increase in scheme liabilities
|
|||||
by:
|
|||||||||
PSPS
|
3.3%
|
3.4%
|
|||||||
Other schemes
|
5.0%
|
5.2%
|
|||||||
Discount rate
|
3.8%
|
3.5%
|
Increase by 0.2%
|
Decrease in scheme liabilities
|
|||||
by:
|
|||||||||
PSPS
|
3.1%
|
3.2%
|
|||||||
Other schemes
|
4.6%
|
4.9%
|
|||||||
Rate of inflation
|
3.0%
|
3.0%
|
RPI: Decrease by 0.2%
|
Decrease in scheme liabilities
|
|||||
by:
|
|||||||||
2.0%
|
2.0%
|
CPI: Decrease by 0.2%
|
PSPS
|
0.5%
|
0.6%
|
||||
with consequent reduction
|
Other schemes
|
4.0%
|
4.2%
|
||||||
in salary increases
|
|||||||||
Mortality rate
|
Increase life expectancy
|
Increase in scheme
|
|||||||
by 1 year
|
liabilities by:
|
||||||||
PSPS
|
3.2%
|
3.3%
|
|||||||
Other schemes
|
2.8%
|
3.0%
|
C10
|
Share capital, share premium and own shares
|
2015
|
2014
|
||||||
Issued shares of 5p each
|
Number of ordinary shares
|
Share
capital
|
Share
premium
|
Number of ordinary shares
|
Share
capital
|
Share
premium
|
|
fully paid
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
£m
|
|||
At 1 January
|
2,567,779,950
|
128
|
1,908
|
2,560,381,736
|
128
|
1,895
|
|
Shares issued under share-based schemes
|
4,675,008
|
-
|
7
|
7,398,214
|
-
|
13
|
|
At 31 December
|
2,572,454,958
|
128
|
1,915
|
2,567,779,950
|
128
|
1,908
|
Number of
shares to
subscribe for
|
Share price range
|
Exercisable
by year
|
||
from
|
to
|
|||
31 December 2015
|
8,795,617
|
288p
|
1,155p
|
2021
|
31 December 2014
|
8,624,491
|
288p
|
1,155p
|
2020
|
2015 Share Price
|
2014 Share Price
|
||||||||||||||
Number
of shares
|
Low
|
High
|
Cost
|
Number
of shares
|
Low
|
High
|
Cost
|
||||||||
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
||||||||||
January
|
52,474
|
14.83
|
15.11
|
786,584
|
13,740
|
13.56
|
13.56
|
186,314
|
|||||||
February
|
49,423
|
16.01
|
16.14
|
795,683
|
16,841
|
12.77
|
12.77
|
215,060
|
|||||||
March
|
4,660,458
|
16.44
|
17.01
|
78,940,633
|
4,623,303
|
12.82
|
13.59
|
60,161,823
|
|||||||
April
|
52,371
|
16.78
|
17.24
|
892,795
|
149,199
|
13.12
|
13.48
|
2,006,955
|
|||||||
May
|
145,542
|
16.07
|
16.61
|
2,357,705
|
1,361,688
|
13.90
|
14.13
|
19,184,679
|
|||||||
June
|
160,078
|
15.65
|
16.20
|
2,563,060
|
11,290
|
13.80
|
13.80
|
155,802
|
|||||||
July
|
55,208
|
15.04
|
15.99
|
868,713
|
10,745
|
13.83
|
13.83
|
148,550
|
|||||||
August
|
57,653
|
15.07
|
15.17
|
868,091
|
11,321
|
13.22
|
13.22
|
149,607
|
|||||||
September
|
154,461
|
13.57
|
14.31
|
2,149,244
|
355,268
|
14.18
|
14.41
|
5,074,731
|
|||||||
October
|
58,087
|
15.14
|
15.22
|
879,999
|
51,199
|
13.75
|
13.84
|
704,601
|
|||||||
November
|
56,948
|
15.35
|
15.61
|
866,033
|
51,314
|
14.36
|
14.47
|
737,173
|
|||||||
December
|
61,441
|
15.07
|
15.08
|
923,600
|
1,223,290
|
14.41
|
15.47
|
17,983,248
|
|||||||
Total
|
5,564,144
|
92,892,140
|
7,879,198
|
106,708,543
|
D
|
OTHER NOTES
|
D1
|
Sale of Japan life business
|
2014 £m
|
|||||
Assets
|
|||||
Investments
|
898
|
||||
Other assets
|
45
|
||||
943
|
|||||
Adjustment for remeasurement of the carrying value to fair value less costs to sell
|
(124)
|
||||
Assets held for sale
|
819
|
||||
Liabilities
|
|||||
Policyholder liabilities
|
717
|
||||
Other liabilities
|
53
|
||||
Liabilities held for sale
|
770
|
||||
Net assets
|
49
|
D2
|
Contingencies and related obligations
|
–
|
Spread income represents the difference between net investment income (or premium income in the case of the UK annuities new business) and amounts credited to certain policyholder accounts. It excludes the operating investment return on shareholder net assets, which has been separately disclosed as expected return on shareholder assets.
|
–
|
Fee income represents profits driven by net investment performance, being asset management fees that vary with the size of the underlying policyholder funds net of investment management expenses.
|
–
|
With-profits business represents the gross of tax shareholders’ transfer from the with-profits fund for the year.
|
–
|
Insurance margin primarily represents profits derived from the insurance risks of mortality and morbidity.
|
–
|
Margin on revenues primarily represents amounts deducted from premiums to cover acquisition costs and administration expenses.
|
–
|
Acquisition costs and administration expenses represent expenses incurred in the year attributable to shareholders. It excludes items such as restructuring costs and Solvency II costs which are not included in the segment profit for insurance as well as items that are more appropriately included in other sources of earnings lines (eg investment expenses are netted against investment income as part of spread income or fee income as appropriate).
|
–
|
DAC adjustments comprise DAC amortisation for the year, excluding amounts related to short-term fluctuations in investment returns, net of costs deferred in respect of new business.
|
2015 £m
|
|||||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
|
Average
liability
|
Total
bps
|
||
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
||||||
Spread income
|
153
|
746
|
258
|
1,157
|
73,511
|
157
|
|
Fee income
|
162
|
1,672
|
62
|
1,896
|
125,380
|
151
|
|
With-profits
|
45
|
-
|
269
|
314
|
106,749
|
29
|
|
Insurance margin
|
783
|
796
|
180
|
1,759
|
|||
Margin on revenues
|
1,732
|
-
|
179
|
1,911
|
|||
Expenses:
|
|||||||
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(1,161)
|
(939)
|
(86)
|
(2,186)
|
5,607
|
(39)%
|
|
Administration expenses
|
(701)
|
(828)
|
(159)
|
(1,688)
|
206,423
|
(82)
|
|
DAC adjustmentsnote (vi)
|
124
|
218
|
(2)
|
340
|
|||
Expected return on shareholder assets
|
72
|
26
|
127
|
225
|
|||
1,209
|
1,691
|
828
|
3,728
|
||||
Impact of specific management actions in second half of 2015 ahead of Solvency II
|
-
|
-
|
339
|
339
|
|||
Long-term business operating profit
|
1,209
|
1,691
|
1,167
|
4,067
|
2014 AER £m
|
|||||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
|
Average
liability
|
Total
bps
|
||
note (v)
|
note (iv)
|
note(ii)
|
|||||
Spread income
|
125
|
734
|
272
|
1,131
|
67,252
|
168
|
|
Fee income
|
155
|
1,402
|
61
|
1,618
|
110,955
|
146
|
|
With-profits
|
43
|
-
|
255
|
298
|
101,290
|
29
|
|
Insurance margin
|
675
|
670
|
73
|
1,418
|
|||
Margin on revenues
|
1,545
|
-
|
176
|
1,721
|
|||
Expenses:
|
|||||||
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(1,031)
|
(887)
|
(96)
|
(2,014)
|
4,627
|
(44)%
|
|
Administration expenses
|
(618)
|
(693)
|
(143)
|
(1,454)
|
186,049
|
(78)
|
|
DAC adjustmentsnote (vi)
|
92
|
191
|
(6)
|
277
|
|||
Expected return on shareholder assets
|
64
|
14
|
137
|
215
|
|||
Long-term business operating profit
|
1,050
|
1,431
|
729
|
3,210
|
2014 CER £m
note (iii)
|
|||||||
Asia
|
US
|
UK
|
Total
|
Average
liability
|
Total
bps
|
||
note (v)
|
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
|||||
Spread income
|
126
|
791
|
272
|
1,189
|
69,628
|
171
|
|
Fee income
|
154
|
1,511
|
61
|
1,726
|
116,507
|
148
|
|
With-profits
|
44
|
-
|
255
|
299
|
101,653
|
29
|
|
Insurance margin
|
669
|
722
|
73
|
1,464
|
|||
Margin on revenues
|
1,532
|
-
|
176
|
1,708
|
|||
Expenses:
|
|||||||
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(1,025)
|
(956)
|
(96)
|
(2,077)
|
4,778
|
(43)%
|
|
Administration expenses
|
(615)
|
(747)
|
(143)
|
(1,505)
|
194,588
|
(77)
|
|
DAC adjustmentsnote (vi)
|
92
|
206
|
(6)
|
292
|
|||
Expected return on shareholder assets
|
63
|
16
|
137
|
216
|
|||
Long-term business operating profit
|
1,040
|
1,543
|
729
|
3,312
|
Asia
|
||||||||||||
2015
|
2014 AER
|
2014 CER
|
||||||||||
note (iii)
|
||||||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
Average
|
||||||||||
Profit
|
Liability
|
Margin
|
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
||||
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
|||||||
Long-term business
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
|||
Spread income
|
153
|
11,039
|
139
|
125
|
9,183
|
136
|
126
|
9,333
|
135
|
|||
Fee income
|
162
|
16,088
|
101
|
155
|
14,987
|
103
|
154
|
14,967
|
103
|
|||
With-profits
|
45
|
17,446
|
26
|
43
|
14,823
|
29
|
44
|
15,186
|
29
|
|||
Insurance margin
|
783
|
675
|
669
|
|||||||||
Margin on revenues
|
1,732
|
1,545
|
1,532
|
|||||||||
Expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(1,161)
|
2,853
|
(41)%
|
(1,031)
|
2,237
|
(46)%
|
(1,025)
|
2,267
|
(45)%
|
|||
Administration expenses
|
(701)
|
27,127
|
(258)
|
(618)
|
24,170
|
(256)
|
(615)
|
24,300
|
(253)
|
|||
DAC adjustmentsnote (vi)
|
124
|
92
|
92
|
|||||||||
Expected return on shareholder assets
|
72
|
64
|
63
|
|||||||||
Operating profit
|
1,209
|
1,050
|
1,040
|
–
|
Spread income increased by 21 per cent at constant exchange rates to £153 million in 2015, predominantly reflecting the growth of the Asia non-linked policyholder liabilities.
|
–
|
Fee income increased by 5 per cent at constant exchange rates from £154 million in 2014 to £162 million in 2015, broadly in line with the increase in movement in average unit-linked liabilities.
|
–
|
Insurance margin increased by 17 per cent at constant exchange rates to £783 million in 2015, predominantly reflecting the continued growth of the in-force book, which contains a relatively high proportion of risk-based products.
|
–
|
Margin on revenues increased by £200 million at constant exchange rates to £1,732 million in 2015, primarily reflecting higher premium income recognised in the year.
|
–
|
Acquisition costs increased by 13 per cent at constant exchange rates (AER 13 per cent) to £1,161 million in 2015, compared to the 26 per cent increase in APE sales (AER 28 per cent increase), resulting in a decrease in the acquisition costs ratio. The analysis above uses shareholder acquisition costs as a proportion of total APE sales. If with-profits APE sales were excluded from the denominator the acquisition cost ratio would become 68 per cent (2014: 66 per cent at CER), the small increase being the result of changes to product and country mix.
|
–
|
Administration expenses increased by 14 per cent at constant exchange rates to £701 million in 2015 as the business continues to expand. At constant exchange rates, the administration expense ratio has increased from 253 basis points in 2014 to 258 basis points in 2015, the result of changes to product and country mix.
|
US
|
||||||||||||
2015
|
2014 AER
|
2014 CER
note (iii)
|
||||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
Average
|
||||||||||
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
||||
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
|||||||
Long-term business
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
|||
Spread income
|
746
|
30,927
|
241
|
734
|
28,650
|
256
|
791
|
30,876
|
256
|
|||
Fee income
|
1,672
|
86,921
|
192
|
1,402
|
72,492
|
193
|
1,511
|
78,064
|
194
|
|||
Insurance margin
|
796
|
670
|
722
|
|||||||||
Expenses
|
||||||||||||
|
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(939)
|
1,729
|
(54)%
|
(887)
|
1,556
|
(57)%
|
(956)
|
1,677
|
(57)%
|
||
Administration expenses
|
(828)
|
125,380
|
(66)
|
(693)
|
108,984
|
(64)
|
(747)
|
117,393
|
(64)
|
|||
DAC adjustments
|
218
|
191
|
206
|
|||||||||
Expected return on shareholder assets
|
26
|
14
|
16
|
|||||||||
Operating profit
|
1,691
|
1,431
|
1,543
|
–
|
Spread income declined by 6 per cent at constant exchange rates (AER increased by 2 per cent) to £746 million in 2015. The reported spread margin decreased to 241 basis points from 256 basis points in 2014 primarily due to lower investment yields. Spread income benefited from swap transactions previously entered into to more closely match the asset and liability duration. Excluding this effect, the spread margin would have been 166 basis points (2014 CER: 182 basis points and AER: 183 basis points).
|
–
|
Fee income increased by 11 per cent at constant exchange rates (AER 19 per cent) to £1,672 million in 2015, primarily due to higher average separate account balances reflecting positive net cash flows from variable annuity business. Fee income margin has remained broadly in line with the prior year at 192 basis points (2014 CER: 194 basis points and AER: 193 basis points).
|
–
|
Insurance margin represents operating profits from insurance risks, including variable annuity guarantees and other sundry items. Insurance margin increased to £796 million in 2015 compared to £722 million in the previous year at constant exchange rates primarily due to higher fee income from variable annuity guarantees following positive net flows in recent periods into variable annuity business with guarantees. REALIC contributed £215 million to this total (2014: £233 million at constant exchange rates).
|
–
|
Acquisition costs, which are commissions and expenses incurred to acquire new business, including those that are not deferrable, decreased in absolute terms at constant exchange rates in line with trends observed in recent years. As a percentage of APE sales, acquisition costs have decreased to 54 per cent, compared to 57 per cent in 2014. This is due to the continued increase in producers selecting asset-based commissions which are treated as an administrative expense in this analysis, rather than front-end commissions.
|
–
|
Administration expenses increased to £828 million in 2015 compared to £747 million for 2014 at constant exchange rates (AER £693 million), primarily as a result of higher asset-based commissions paid on the larger 2015 separate account balance subject to these trail commissions. These are paid on policy anniversary dates and are treated as an administration expense in this analysis. Excluding these trail commissions, the resulting administration expense ratio would be unchanged at 36 basis points (2014: CER 36 basis points and AER 36 basis points).
|
2015 £m
|
2014 AER £m
|
2014 CER £m
note (iii)
|
|||||||||||||
Acquisition costs
|
Acquisition costs
|
Acquisition costs
|
|||||||||||||
Other operating profits
|
Incurred
|
Deferred
|
Total
|
Other operating profits
|
Incurred
|
Deferred
|
Total
|
Other operating profits
|
Incurred
|
Deferred
|
Total
|
||||
Total operating profit before acquisition costs and DAC adjustments
|
2,412
|
2,412
|
2,127
|
2,127
|
2,293
|
2,293
|
|||||||||
Less new business strain
|
(939)
|
734
|
(205)
|
(887)
|
678
|
(209)
|
(956)
|
731
|
(225)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
Other DAC adjustments - amortisation of previously deferred acquisition costs:
|
|
||||||||||||||
Normal
|
(514)
|
(514)
|
(474)
|
(474)
|
(511)
|
(511)
|
|||||||||
(Accelerated)/Decelerated
|
(2)
|
(2)
|
(13)
|
(13)
|
(14)
|
(14)
|
|||||||||
Total
|
2,412
|
(939)
|
218
|
1,691
|
2,127
|
(887)
|
191
|
1,431
|
2,293
|
(956)
|
206
|
1,543
|
UK
|
||||||||
2015
|
2014
|
|||||||
note (v)
|
||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
|||||||
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin
|
Profit
|
liability
|
Margin note (ii)
|
|||
note (iv)
|
note (ii)
|
note (iv)
|
||||||
Long-term business
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
£m
|
bps
|
||
Spread income
|
258
|
31,545
|
82
|
272
|
29,419
|
92
|
||
Fee income
|
62
|
22,371
|
28
|
61
|
23,476
|
26
|
||
With-profits
|
269
|
89,303
|
30
|
255
|
86,467
|
29
|
||
Insurance margin
|
180
|
73
|
||||||
Margin on revenues
|
179
|
176
|
||||||
Expenses:
|
||||||||
Acquisition costsnote (i)
|
(86)
|
1,025
|
(8)%
|
(96)
|
834
|
(12)%
|
||
Administration expenses
|
(159)
|
53,916
|
(29)
|
(143)
|
52,895
|
(27)
|
||
DAC adjustments
|
(2)
|
|
(6)
|
|
||||
Expected return on shareholder's assets
|
127
|
|
137
|
|
||||
828
|
729
|
|||||||
Impact of specific management actions in second half of 2015 ahead of Solvency II
|
339
|
-
|
||||||
Operating profit
|
1,167
|
729
|
–
|
Spread income reduced from £272 million in 2014 to £258 million in 2015, mainly due to lower annuity new business profit post the reforms brought about by Pension Freedoms.
|
–
|
Fee income principally represents asset management fees from unit-linked business, including direct investment only business to group pension schemes, where liability flows are driven by a small number of large single mandate transactions and fee income mostly arises within our UK asset management business. Excluding these schemes, the fee margin on the remaining balances was 43 bps (2014: 41 bps).
|
–
|
With-profits transfers increased from £255 million in 2014 to £269 million in 2015, due to an increase in terminal bonus rates.
|
–
|
Insurance margin increased to £180 million in 2015, reflecting the higher contribution from longevity reinsurance transactions undertaken during the first half of the year, positive experience in the year and the modest net effect of the annual review of assumptions.
|
–
|
Margin on revenues represents premium charges for expenses and other sundry net income received by the UK. The 2015 margin remained stable at £179 million compared to the previous year.
|
–
|
Acquisition costs incurred declined to £86 million, equivalent to 8 per cent of total APE sales in 2015 (2014: 12 per cent). The decline reflects a shift in business mix towards with-profits business where acquisition costs are funded by the estate. The acquisition cost ratio is also distorted by the high contribution to APE of bulk annuity sales in the year, where acquisition costs are comparatively lower. Acquisition costs expressed as a percentage of shareholder-backed APE sales (excluding the bulk annuity transactions) were 36 per cent (2014: 36 per cent).
|
–
|
Administration expenses increased by £16 million to £159 million in 2015 largely due to increased spend associated with UK pension reforms.
|
–
|
The contribution from specific management actions undertaken in the second half of 2015 to position the balance sheet more effectively under the new Solvency II regime was £339 million. Further explanation and analysis is provided in Additional Unaudited IFRS Financial Information section I(d).
|
(i)
|
The ratio for acquisition costs is calculated as a percentage of APE sales including with-profits sales. Acquisition costs include only those relating to shareholder-backed business.
|
(ii)
|
Margin represents the operating return earned in the year as a proportion of the relevant class of policyholder liabilities excluding unallocated surplus.
|
(iii)
|
The 2014 comparative information has been presented at AER and CER so as to eliminate the impact of exchange translation. CER results are calculated by translating prior year results using the current year foreign exchange rates. All CER profit figures have been translated at current year average rates. For Asia CER average liability calculations the policyholder liabilities have been translated using current year opening and closing exchange rates. For the US CER average liability calculations the policyholder liabilities have been translated at the current year month end closing exchange rates. See also Note A1.
|
(iv)
|
For UK and Asia, opening and closing policyholder liabilities have been used to derive an average balance for the year, as a proxy for average balances throughout the year. The calculation of average liabilities for Jackson is derived from month end balances throughout the year as opposed to opening and closing balances only. Average liabilities for spread income are based on the general account liabilities to which spread income attaches. Average liabilities used to calculate the administrative expense margin exclude the REALIC liabilities reinsured to third parties prior to the acquisition by Jackson.
|
(v)
|
In order to show the UK long-term business on a comparable basis, the 2014 comparative results exclude the contribution from the sold PruHealth and PruProtect businesses.
|
(vi)
|
The DAC adjustments contain a charge of £3 million in respect of joint ventures in 2015 (2014: AER credit of £11 million).
|
I(b)
|
Asia operations – analysis of IFRS operating profit by territory
|
2015 £m
|
AER
2014 £m
|
CER
2014 £m
|
2014 AER
vs 2015
|
2014 CER
vs 2015
|
|||
Hong Kong
|
150
|
109
|
118
|
38%
|
27%
|
||
Indonesia
|
356
|
309
|
295
|
15%
|
21%
|
||
Malaysia
|
120
|
118
|
107
|
2%
|
12%
|
||
Philippines
|
32
|
28
|
29
|
14%
|
10%
|
||
Singapore
|
204
|
214
|
213
|
(5)%
|
(4)%
|
||
Thailand
|
70
|
53
|
54
|
32%
|
30%
|
||
Vietnam
|
86
|
72
|
75
|
19%
|
15%
|
||
SE Asia Operations inc. Hong Kong
|
1,018
|
903
|
891
|
13%
|
14%
|
||
China
|
32
|
13
|
14
|
146%
|
129%
|
||
India
|
42
|
49
|
49
|
(14)%
|
(14)%
|
||
Korea
|
38
|
32
|
32
|
19%
|
19%
|
||
Taiwan
|
25
|
15
|
15
|
67%
|
67%
|
||
Other
|
(4)
|
(9)
|
(9)
|
56%
|
56%
|
||
Non-recurrent itemsnote (ii)
|
62
|
49
|
50
|
27%
|
24%
|
||
Total insurance operationsnote (i)
|
1,213
|
1,052
|
1,042
|
15%
|
16%
|
||
Development expenses
|
(4)
|
(2)
|
(2)
|
100%
|
100%
|
||
Total long-term business operating profit
|
1,209
|
1,050
|
1,040
|
15%
|
16%
|
||
Eastspring Investments
|
115
|
90
|
91
|
28%
|
26%
|
||
Total Asia operations
|
1,324
|
1,140
|
1,131
|
16%
|
17%
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
Analysis of operating profit between new and in-force business
|
|
The result for insurance operations comprises amounts in respect of new business and business in force as follows:
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||||
AER
|
CER
|
|||||
New business strain*
|
(4)
|
(18)
|
(23)
|
|||
Business in force
|
1,155
|
1,021
|
1,015
|
|||
Non-recurrent itemsnote (ii)
|
62
|
49
|
50
|
|||
Total
|
1,213
|
1,052
|
1,042
|
*
|
The IFRS new business strain corresponds to approximately 0.1 per cent of new business APE premiums for 2015 (2014: approximately 0.8 per cent of new business APE).
|
(ii)
|
Other non-recurrent items of £62 million in 2015 (2014: £49 million) represent a number of items none of which are individually significant and that are not anticipated to reoccur in subsequent years.
|
I(c)
|
Analysis of asset management operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
2015 £m
|
|||||
M&G
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
Prudential
Capital
|
US
|
Total
|
|
note (ii)
|
note (ii)
|
||||
Operating income before performance-related fees
|
939
|
304
|
118
|
321
|
1,682
|
Performance-related fees
|
22
|
3
|
-
|
-
|
25
|
Operating income (net of commission)note (i)
|
961
|
307
|
118
|
321
|
1,707
|
Operating expensenote (i)
|
(533)
|
(176)
|
(99)
|
(310)
|
(1,118)
|
Share of associate’s results
|
14
|
-
|
-
|
14
|
|
Group's share of tax on joint ventures' operating profit
|
-
|
(16)
|
-
|
(16)
|
|
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
442
|
115
|
19
|
11
|
587
|
Average funds under management
|
£252.5bn
|
£85.1bn
|
|||
Margin based on operating income*
|
37bps
|
36bps
|
|||
Cost / income ratio**
|
57%
|
58%
|
|||
2014 £m
|
|||||
M&G
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
Prudential
Capital
|
US
|
Total
|
|
note (ii)
|
notes (ii),(iii)
|
||||
Operating income before performance-related fees
|
954
|
240
|
130
|
303
|
1,627
|
Performance-related fees
|
33
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
34
|
Operating income (net of commission)note (i)
|
987
|
241
|
130
|
303
|
1,661
|
Operating expensenote (i)
|
(554)
|
(140)
|
(88)
|
(291)
|
(1,073)
|
Share of associate’s results
|
13
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
13
|
Group's share of tax on joint ventures' operating profit
|
-
|
(11)
|
-
|
-
|
(11)
|
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
|
446
|
90
|
42
|
12
|
590
|
Average funds under management
|
£250.0bn
|
£68.8bn
|
|||
Margin based on operating income*
|
38bps
|
35bps
|
|||
Cost / income ratio**
|
58%
|
59%
|
|||
(i)
|
Operating income and expense includes the Group’s share of contribution from joint ventures (but excludes any contribution from associates). In the income statement as shown in note B2 of the IFRS financial statements, these amounts are netted and tax deducted and shown as a single amount.
|
(ii)
|
M&G and Eastspring Investments can be further analysed as follows:
|
M&G
|
Eastspring Investments
|
|||||||||||||
Operating income before performance related fees
|
Operating income before performance related fees
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
Institu- tional+
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
Total
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
|
Retail
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
Institu-
tional+
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
Total
|
Margin
of FUM*
|
||
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
bps
|
£m
|
bps
|
|||
2015
|
582
|
87
|
357
|
19
|
939
|
37
|
2015
|
188
|
61
|
116
|
21
|
304
|
36
|
|
2014
|
593
|
84
|
361
|
20
|
954
|
38
|
2014
|
139
|
60
|
101
|
22
|
240
|
35
|
|
*
|
Margin represents operating income before performance-related fees as a proportion of the related funds under management (FUM). Monthly closing internal and external funds managed by the respective entity have been used to derive the average. Any funds held by the Group's insurance operations which are managed by third parties outside of the Prudential Group are excluded from these amounts.
|
**
|
Cost/income ratio represents cost as a percentage of operating income before performance-related fees.
|
†
|
Institutional includes internal funds.
|
I(d)
|
Contribution to UK Life financial metrics from specific management actions undertaken to position the balance sheet more effectively under the new Solvency II regime
|
IFRS operating profit of UK long-term business
|
||||
First
half
2015
|
Second
half
2015
|
Full
year
2015
|
Full
year
2014
|
|
Shareholder annuity new business
|
66
|
57
|
123
|
162
|
In-force business:
|
||||
Longevity reinsurance transactions
|
61
|
170
|
231
|
30
|
Impact of specific management actions ahead of Solvency II
|
-
|
169
|
169
|
-
|
61
|
339
|
400
|
30
|
|
With-profits and other in-force
|
309
|
335
|
644
|
537
|
Total Life IFRS operating profit
|
436
|
731
|
1,167
|
729
|
Underlying free surplus generation of UK long-term business
|
||||
First
half
2015
|
Second
half
2015
|
Full
year
2015
|
Full
year
2014
|
|
Expected in-force and return on net worth
|
310
|
310
|
620
|
571
|
Longevity reinsurance transactions
|
52
|
148
|
200
|
30
|
Impact of specific management actions ahead of Solvency II
|
-
|
75
|
75
|
-
|
52
|
223
|
275
|
30
|
|
Changes in operating assumptions, experience variances and solvency II and other restructuring costs
|
(10)
|
(7)
|
(17)
|
36
|
Underlying free surplus generated from in-force business
|
352
|
526
|
878
|
637
|
New business strain
|
(57)
|
(8)
|
(65)
|
(65)
|
Total underlying free surplus generation
|
295
|
518
|
813
|
572
|
EEV post-tax operating profit of UK long-term business
|
||||
First
half
2015
|
Second
half
2015
|
Full
year
2015
|
Full
year
2014
|
|
Unwind of discount and other expected return
|
245
|
243
|
488
|
410
|
Longevity reinsurance transactions
|
(46)
|
(88)
|
(134)
|
(8)
|
Impact of specific management actions ahead of Solvency II
|
-
|
75
|
75
|
-
|
(46)
|
(13)
|
(59)
|
(8)
|
|
Changes in operating assumptions and experience variances
|
57
|
59
|
116
|
74
|
Operating profit from in-force business
|
256
|
289
|
545
|
476
|
New business profit
|
155
|
163
|
318
|
259
|
Total post-tax Life EEV operating profit
|
411
|
452
|
863
|
735
|
II
|
Other Information
|
II(a)
|
Holding company cash flow
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
|||
Net cash remitted by business units:
|
||||
UK net remittances to the Group
|
||||
UK Life fund paid to the Group
|
200
|
193
|
||
Shareholder-backed business:
|
||||
Other UK paid to the Group
|
131
|
132
|
||
Total UK net remittances to the Group
|
331
|
325
|
||
US remittances to the Group
|
470
|
415
|
||
Asia net remittances to the Group
|
||||
Asia paid to the Group:
|
||||
Long-term business
|
494
|
453
|
||
Other operations
|
74
|
60
|
||
568
|
513
|
|||
Group invested in Asia:
|
||||
Long-term business
|
(5)
|
(3)
|
||
Other operations (including funding of regional head office costs)
|
(96)
|
(110)
|
||
(101)
|
(113)
|
|||
Total Asia net remittances to the Group
|
467
|
400
|
||
M&G remittances to the Group
|
302
|
285
|
||
PruCap remittances to the Group
|
55
|
57
|
||
Net remittances to the Group from business units
|
1,625
|
1,482
|
||
Net interest paid
|
(290)
|
(335)
|
||
Tax received
|
145
|
198
|
||
Corporate activities
|
(193)
|
(193)
|
||
Solvency II costs
|
(16)
|
(23)
|
||
Total central outflows
|
(354)
|
(353)
|
||
Operating holding company cash flow before dividend*
|
1,271
|
1,129
|
||
Dividend paid
|
(974)
|
(895)
|
||
Operating holding company cash flow after dividend*
|
297
|
234
|
||
Non-operating net cash flow**
|
376
|
(978)
|
||
Total holding company cash flow
|
673
|
(744)
|
||
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of year
|
1,480
|
2,230
|
||
Foreign exchange movements
|
20
|
(6)
|
||
Cash and short-term investments at end of year
|
2,173
|
1,480
|
*
|
Including central finance subsidiaries.
|
|
**Non-operating net cash flow is principally for corporate transactions for distribution rights and acquired subsidiaries and issue and repayment of subordinated debt.
|
II(b)
|
Funds under management
|
2015 £bn
|
2014 £bn
|
||
Business area:
|
|||
Asia operations
|
54.0
|
49.0
|
|
US operations
|
134.6
|
123.6
|
|
UK operations
|
168.4
|
169.0
|
|
Prudential Group funds under managementnote (i)
|
357.0
|
341.6
|
|
External funds note (ii)
|
151.6
|
154.3
|
|
Total funds under management
|
508.6
|
495.9
|
Notes
|
(i)
|
Prudential Group funds under management of £357.0 billion (2014: £341.6 billion) comprise:
|
2015 £bn
|
2014 £bn
|
||
Total investments per the consolidated statement of financial position
|
352.0
|
337.4
|
|
Less: investments in joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method
|
(1.0)
|
(1.0)
|
|
Investment properties which are held for sale or occupied by the Group (included in other IFRS captions)
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
|
Internally managed funds held in joint ventures
|
5.6
|
4.9
|
|
Prudential Group funds under management
|
357.0
|
341.6
|
(ii)
|
External funds shown above as at 31 December 2015 of £151.6 billion (2014: £154.3 billion) comprise £162.7 billion (2014: £167.2 billion) of funds managed by M&G and Eastspring Investments as shown in note (b) below less £11.1 billion (2014: £12.9 billion) that are classified within Prudential Group’s funds.
|
(b)
|
Investment products – external funds under management
|
2015 £m
|
2014 £m
|
||||||
Eastspring
Investments
|
M&G
|
Group
total
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
M&G
|
Group
total
|
||
note
|
note
|
||||||
1 January
|
30,133
|
137,047
|
167,180
|
22,222
|
125,989
|
148,211
|
|
Market gross inflows
|
110,396
|
33,626
|
144,022
|
82,440
|
38,017
|
120,457
|
|
Redemptions
|
(103,360)
|
(40,634)
|
(143,994)
|
(77,001)
|
(30,930)
|
(107,931)
|
|
Market exchange translation and other movements
|
(882)
|
(3,634)
|
(4,516)
|
2,472
|
3,971
|
6,443
|
|
31 December
|
36,287
|
126,405
|
162,692
|
30,133
|
137,047
|
167,180
|
Note
|
The £162.7 billion (2014: £167.2 billion) investment products comprise £156.7 billion (2014: £162.4 billion) plus Asia Money Market Funds of £6.0 billion (2014: £4.8 billion)
|
(c)
|
M&G and Eastspring Investments - total funds under management
|
Eastspring
Investments
|
M&G
|
||||||
2015 £bn
|
2014 £bn
|
2015 £bn
|
2014 £bn
|
||||
note
|
note
|
||||||
External funds under management
|
36.3
|
30.1
|
126.4
|
137.0
|
|||
Internal funds under management
|
52.8
|
47.2
|
119.7
|
127.0
|
|||
Total funds under management
|
89.1
|
77.3
|
246.1
|
264.0
|
Note
|
Estimated Group Solvency II capital position
|
31 December 2015 £bn
|
Own funds
|
20.1
|
Solvency capital requirement
|
10.4
|
Surplus
|
9.7
|
Solvency ratio
|
193%
|
•
|
Capital in Jackson in excess of 250 per cent of the US local Risk Based Capital requirement. As agreed with the Prudential Regulation Authority, this is incorporated in the result above as follows:
|
•
|
Own funds: represent Jackson’s local US Risk Based available capital less 100 per cent of the US Risk Based Capital requirement (Company Action Level); and
|
•
|
Solvency Capital Requirement: represent 150 per cent of Jackson’s local US Risk Based Capital requirement (Company Action Level);
|
•
|
Non-recognition of a portion of Solvency II surplus capital relating to the Group’s Asian life operations, reflecting regulatory prudence;
|
•
|
Matching adjustment for UK annuities, based on the 31 December 2015 calibration published by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority; and
|
•
|
Transitional measures which have the effect of preserving the Solvency II surplus for our UK business at the same level as under Solvency I, for business written before 1 January 2016.
|
•
|
Diversification benefits between Jackson and the rest of the Group;
|
•
|
Surplus in ring-fenced with-profits funds including the shareholder's share of the estate of with-profits funds; and
|
•
|
Surplus in pension funds.
|
Analysis of movement in Group surplus
|
£bn
|
|
Economic capital surplus as at 1 January 2015
|
9.7
|
|
Operating experience
|
2.4
|
|
Non-operating experience (including market movements)
|
(0.6)
|
|
Other capital movements
|
||
Subordinated debt issuance
|
0.6
|
|
Foreign currency translation impacts
|
0.2
|
|
Dividends paid
|
(1.0)
|
|
Methodology and calibration changes
|
||
Changes to Own Funds (net of transitionals) and Solvency Capital Requirement calibration strengthening
|
(0.2)
|
|
Effect of partial derecognition of Asia Solvency II surplus
|
(1.4)
|
|
Estimated solvency II surplus as at 31 December 2015
|
9.7
|
•
|
Operating experience of £2.4 billion: generated by in-force business and new business written in 2015, including £0.4 billion of benefit from the specific actions taken in the second half of the year to position the balance sheet more efficiently under the new Solvency II regime;
|
•
|
Non-operating experience of £0.6 billion: mainly arising from negative market experience during the year; and
|
•
|
Other capital movements: comprising an increase in capital from subordinated debt issuance, a gain from positive foreign currency translation effects and a reduction in surplus from payment of dividends.
|
In addition, the methodology and calibration changes arising from Solvency II relate to:
|
•
|
A £0.2 billion reduction in surplus due to an increase in the Solvency Capital Requirement from strengthening of internal model calibrations, mainly relating to longevity risk, operational risk, credit risk and correlations, and a corresponding increase in the risk margin, which is partially offset by UK transitionals; and
|
•
|
A £1.4 billion reduction in surplus due to the negative impact of Solvency II rules for “contract boundaries” and a reduction in the capital surplus of the Group’s Asian life operations, as agreed with the Prudential Regulation Authority.
|
Analysis of movement in Group solvency position (£ billion)
|
Own
Funds
|
Solvency
Capital
Requirement
|
Surplus
|
Solvency
ratio
|
Economic capital position at 1 January 2015
|
17.9
|
8.2
|
9.7
|
218%
|
Capital generation and other movements
|
2.0
|
0.4
|
1.6
|
13%
|
Methodology and calibration changes
|
||||
Changes to Own Funds (net of transitionals) and Solvency Capital Requirement calibration strengthening
|
2.3
|
2.5
|
(0.2)
|
(32)%
|
Effect of partial derecognition of Asia Solvency II surplus
|
(1.4)
|
-
|
(1.4)
|
(12)%
|
US Risk Based Capital treatment
|
(0.7)
|
(0.7)
|
-
|
6%
|
Estimated Solvency II position at 31 December 2015
|
20.1
|
10.4
|
9.7
|
193%
|
31 December 2015
|
31 December 2015
|
||
Split of the Group’s estimated Solvency Capital Requirements
|
% of undiversified
Solvency Capital
Requirements
|
% of diversified
Solvency Capital
Requirements
|
|
Market
|
55%
|
72%
|
|
Equity
|
11%
|
16%
|
|
Credit
|
28%
|
47%
|
|
Yields (interest rates)
|
13%
|
6%
|
|
Other
|
3%
|
3%
|
|
Insurance
|
27%
|
20%
|
|
Mortality/morbidity
|
5%
|
2%
|
|
14%
|
14%
|
||
Longevity
|
8%
|
4%
|
|
Operational/expense
|
11%
|
7%
|
|
FX translation
|
7%
|
1%
|
Reconciliation of IFRS equity to Group Solvency II Own Funds
|
31 December 2015
£bn
|
IFRS shareholders' equity
|
13.0
|
Restate US insurance entities from IFRS onto local US statutory basis
|
(1.5)
|
Remove DAC, goodwill & intangibles
|
(3.7)
|
Add subordinated-debt
|
4.4
|
Impact of risk margin (net of transitionals)
|
(2.5)
|
Add value of shareholder-transfers
|
3.1
|
Liability valuation differences
|
8.6
|
Increase in value of net deferred tax liabilities
(resulting from valuation differences above)
|
(0.9)
|
Other
|
(0.4)
|
Estimated Solvency II Own Funds
|
20.1
|
•
|
£1.5 billion represents the adjustment required to the Group’s shareholders’ funds in order to convert Jackson’s contribution from an IFRS basis to the local statutory valuation basis. This item also reflects a derecognition of Own Funds of £0.7 billion, equivalent to the value of 100 per cent of Risk Based Capital requirements (Company Action Level), as agreed with the Prudential Regulation Authority;
|
•
|
£3.7 billion due to the removal of DAC, goodwill and intangibles from the IFRS balance sheet;
|
•
|
£4.4 billion due to the addition of subordinated debt which is treated as available capital under Solvency II but as a liability under IFRS;
|
•
|
£2.5 billion due to the inclusion of a risk margin for UK and Asia non-hedgeable risks, net of transitionals, all of which are not applicable under IFRS;
|
•
|
£3.1 billion due to the inclusion of the value of future shareholder transfers from with-profits business (excluding the shareholder’s share of the with-profits estate, for which no credit is given under Solvency II), which is excluded from the determination of the Group’s IFRS shareholders’ funds;
|
•
|
£8.6 billion due to differences in insurance valuation requirements between Solvency II and IFRS, with Solvency II Own Funds partially capturing the value of in-force business which is excluded from IFRS;
|
•
|
£0.9 billion due to the impact on the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the other valuation differences noted above; and
|
•
|
£0.4 billion due to other items, including the impact of revaluing loans, borrowings and debt from IFRS to Solvency II.
|
•
|
An instantaneous 20 per cent fall in equity markets would reduce surplus by £1.0 billion and reduce the solvency ratio to 186 per cent;
|
•
|
A 40 per cent fall in equity markets (comprising an instantaneous 20 per cent fall followed by a further 20 per cent fall over a four-week period) would reduce surplus by £1.8 billion and reduce the solvency ratio to 179 per cent;
|
•
|
A 50 basis points reduction in interest rates (subject to a floor of zero and allowing for transitional recalculation) would reduce surplus by £1.1 billion and reduce the solvency ratio to 179 per cent;
|
•
|
A 100 basis points increase in interest rates (allowing for transitional recalculation) would increase surplus by £1.1 billion and increase the solvency ratio to 210 per cent; and
|
•
|
A 100 basis points increase in credit spreads (with credit defaults of 10 times the expected level in Jackson) would reduce surplus by £1.2 billion and reduce the solvency ratio to 187 per cent.
|
Estimated solvency II capital position
31 December 2015
|
UK Shareholder
£bn
|
UK
with-profits
£bn
|
Own Funds
|
10.5
|
7.6
|
Solvency Capital Requirement
|
7.2
|
4.4
|
Surplus
|
3.3
|
3.2
|
Solvency ratio
|
146%
|
175%
|
31 December 2015
|
||
Reconciliation of UK with-profits funds
|
£bn
|
|
IFRS unallocated surplus of UK with-profits funds
|
10.5
|
|
Existing adjustments from IFRS to Solvency I in Capital Position Statement:
|
||
Value of shareholder transfers
|
(2.1)
|
|
Other valuation differences
|
(0.7)
|
|
With-profits fund estate (Solvency I Pillar 1 Peak 2 basis)
|
7.7
|
|
Adjustments to Solvency II:
|
||
Risk margin (net of transitional)
|
(0.7)
|
|
Other valuation differences
|
0.6
|
|
Estimated Solvency II Own Funds
|
7.6
|
•
|
An instantaneous 20 per cent fall in equity markets would reduce surplus by £0.4 billion;
|
•
|
40 per cent fall in equity markets would reduce surplus by £0.8 billion;
|
•
|
A 50 basis points reduction in interest rates (subject to a floor of zero and allowing for transitional recalculation) would reduce surplus by £0.7 billion;
|
•
|
A 100 basis points increase in interest rates (allowing for transitional recalculation) would increase surplus by £0.9 billion;
|
•
|
A 100 basis points increase in credit spreads would reduce surplus by £0.2 billion; and
|
•
|
15 per cent of the UK annuity portfolio downgrading by one whole letter rating would reduce surplus by £0.5 billion.
|
1.
|
The UK shareholder capital position represents the consolidated capital position of the shareholder funds of Prudential Assurance Company Ltd and all its subsidiaries.
|
2.
|
The UK with-profits capital position includes the Prudential Assurance Company with-profits sub-fund, the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund and the Defined Charge Participating Sub-Fund.
|
·
|
net capital generation (inclusive of market and foreign exchange movements) mainly through operating earnings (in-force releases less investment in new business, net of tax) of £1.8 billion; and
|
·
|
£0.6 billion of subordinated debt issuance;
|
·
|
Final 2014 dividend of £0.7 billion and first interim 2015 dividend of £0.3 billion; and
|
·
|
External financing costs and other central costs, net of tax, of £0.6 billion;
|
PRUDENTIAL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
|
|
By: /s/ Nic Nicandrou
|
|
Nic Nicandrou
|
|
CFO
|